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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder
faezeh noroozi Mahbobeh Zare MarzoniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder. The research was a descriptive correlation based on Path analysis. The statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder. The research was a descriptive correlation based on Path analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women with depressive disorder with a record in 27 counseling and treatment centers for psychological disorders under the supervision of the Welfare Organization in Gorgan in 2020. In this study, 260 women with depressive disorder were selected as the sample size available. The research instruments included Mental Vulnerability Questionnaire of Najarian and Davoodi (2001), Self-Perception Questionnaire of Pourhossein (2009) and Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire Simmons and Gahr (2005). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling based on multivariate regression and 18SPSS software, 23 Amos. Findings showed that self-perception of -0.32 and emotional distress tolerance -0.23 had a direct effect on mental vulnerability (P<0/001). The indirect effect of self-perception on the mediation of emotional distress tolerance on mental vulnerability was confirmed (P<0/001). In general, 0.38 of the mental vulnerability variable can be explained by self-perception through the mediation of emotional distress tolerance. The results of this study provide practical implications for reducing psychological harm with respect to the components of emotional distress tolerance and self-perception in depressed people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effects of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular disease
Fatemeh Bronsi zahra Bagherzadeh Gol Makani Ahmad Mansouri ahmad zendedelThis study aimed at comparing functional analysis therapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion among cardiovascular patients. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical MoreThis study aimed at comparing functional analysis therapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion among cardiovascular patients. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Mashhad in 2020. The sample consisted of 45 cardiovascular patients referred to Valiasr clinic who were selected by convenience sampling method and then were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 patients in each group) and a control group (15 patients). After the pre-test, the experimental groups underwent functional analysis psychotherapy and compassionate therapy interventions, and at the end, both groups took the post-test, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire (Roemer and Gratz, 2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of functional analysis psychotherapy and compassion therapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular diseases (P<0.05). Compassionate therapy was more effective than the functional analysis psychotherapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular disease. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that compassion therapy led to increased anxiety tolerance and reduced difficulty in regulating the emotion of cardiovascular patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance of addicted women leaving: The mediating role of Mindfulness, Effective Communication and Emotional Cognitive Regulation Strategies
sohela esnaasharan Fariba Yazdkhasti Himidreza OrayziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strate MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all addicted women leaving in Isfahan city. The sample consisted of 60 women prisoners leaving drugs who were selected based on available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Measurement tools included the Negative Mood Regulation Questionnaire (Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) and the Researcher Made Behavioral-Emotional Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance. Findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy has led to increased emotion regulation skills and tolerance of anxiety in the experimental group (P <0.001), and the effect of this treatment remains until the quarterly follow-up. Also, the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies in post-test was statistically significant (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the effect of distress tolerance on mental health and academic performance: regarding the mediating role of emotion regulation in female students
shakila nayebzadeh manijeh Shehni Yailagh seyedmohammadjavad mousani niaThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of distress tolerance on mental health and academic performance with the mediation of emotion regulation in female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The statistical population included all the fema MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of distress tolerance on mental health and academic performance with the mediation of emotion regulation in female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The statistical population included all the female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were studying in the academic year of 2019-2020 and 176 people were selected as a sample from them through a multi-stage random sampling method. In order to examine the research variables of each participant, completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons and Gaher, 2005), the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003) and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg and Hiller 1979). The results showed that the model has a good fit with the data of the present study. The research method is descriptive-correlational type and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using SPSS and amous software. The results showed that distress tolerance both directly and indirectly through emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with mental health and academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Distress Tolerance and Quality of Life of Veterans' Wives (With Emphasis on Culture)
Hadi PordelThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment on distress tolerance and life quality of veterans' spouses with emphasis on culture. The research statistical population subsumed all the wives MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment on distress tolerance and life quality of veterans' spouses with emphasis on culture. The research statistical population subsumed all the wives of Qom veterans in 2022. The sample included 32 veterans’ wives which were selected through purposive sampling procedure and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups 16 subjects each. The research was semi-experimental with a control group and was designed as a pre-test, post-test and after a month duration follow-up phase. To collect data Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - short form (2002) were implemented. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute treatment based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Then the subjects were post tested. The follow up was exerted after a month. The data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance and Univariate Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly affected distress tolerance and increased the quality of life of veterans' wives (P<0/01) and the results were persistent after the follow up duration. Also, cultural influences could be exposed in how to interpret and give meaning to experiences, problems solving, decisions making and in emotional reactions and their regulation in special conditions such as during war and after it for soldiers and their families. Culture is one of the most important determinants of individual and family behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance, rumination and experiential avoidance in adolescents with depression
maryam mosaporDepression is one of the most common psychological disorders that many psychotherapists have paid special attention to, and its treatment is one of the most challenging clinical issues. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness MoreDepression is one of the most common psychological disorders that many psychotherapists have paid special attention to, and its treatment is one of the most challenging clinical issues. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance, rumination and experiential avoidance in depressed adolescents. The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. All the female students of the first secondary school in the 18th district of Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. 30 people were selected through available sampling and were placed in the experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups, and the research tools included depression questionnaire-short form, distress tolerance questionnaire, rumination questionnaire and acceptance questionnaire and They completed the operation. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant change in distress tolerance between the experimental and control groups (F=44.56, P=0.004 and η=0.60). and rumination (F = 9.32, P = 0.013 and η = 0.57) from pre-test to post-test and as a result of the intervention with the method of acceptance and commitment, distress tolerance and rumination in the experimental group improved (P<0.05). Also, between the subjects of the two groups, there is a significant change in the experiential avoidance score from the pre-test to the post-test, and due to the intervention, the experiential avoidance of the girls in the experimental group has decreased (F=15.26, P=0.009 and η = 0.61). According to the results of the research, the treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used as a key intervention in the field of prevention of emotional and cognitive damage in teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Discrimination Role of Brain-Behavioral Systems and HEXACO Personality Characteristics and Social Isolation in Prediction Distress Tolerance of People with Substance Dependence
Nahid Karami Naser Amini Mohammad Behrozi Gholamreza JafariniaPurpose: Low levels of distress tolerance can lead to drug dependence and many factors are related to it, including behavioral, personality, and social characteristics. Therefore, purpose of this study was to discrimination role of brain-behavioral systems and HEXACO pe MorePurpose: Low levels of distress tolerance can lead to drug dependence and many factors are related to it, including behavioral, personality, and social characteristics. Therefore, purpose of this study was to discrimination role of brain-behavioral systems and HEXACO personality characteristics and social isolation in prediction distress tolerance of people with substance dependenceMethodology: The research design was a two-group diagnostic function. The statistical population consists of 1420 men with substance dependence referring to addiction treatment centers in Tehran city in year 2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, were selected 400 people. For the purposes of this study, 136 patients (71 patients with high stress bearing 65 with low distress tolerance) were selected as the sample size. Research questionnaires included distress tolerance scale of Simons & Gaher (2005), brain-behavioral systems scale of Carver and White (1994), HEXACO Personality Inventory of Ashton and Lee (2009) and social isolation scale of Russell (1996). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software, using discriminant analysis method.Findings: The results of analysis showed that brain-behavioral systems and HEXACO personality characteristics and social isolation people with substance dependence can help to prediction distress and function discriminant analysis assigned 89/1 percent of the people with substance dependence high and low distress tolerance.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, brain-behavioral systems and HEXACO personality characteristics and social isolation is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in distress tolerance and the results of this research can be used in the development of programs for the prevention of drug dependence and interventions for quitting addiction, in relevant organizations such as counseling and psychological services centers, addiction quitting centers, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Solution-Focused Brief Psychotherapy on Distress Tolerance, Decision-Making Styles and Social Adjustment in M.S Patients of Sari City
Farhang Fereydoni Mehrdad SabetPurpose: Multiple sclerosis or MS causes a decrease in positive psychological characteristics, and one of the treatment methods to improve psychological characteristics is solution-focused brief psychotherapy. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of MorePurpose: Multiple sclerosis or MS causes a decrease in positive psychological characteristics, and one of the treatment methods to improve psychological characteristics is solution-focused brief psychotherapy. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of determine the effect of solution-focused brief psychotherapy on distress tolerance, decision-making styles and social adjustment in M.S patients of Sari city.Methodology: The present study was a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was M.S patients of member of the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Sari city in 2020 year. Number of 30 people of them were selected by stratified random sampling with using gender ratio and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 5 sessions of 40 minutes the solution-focused brief psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected with using the distress tolerance scale (Simons and Gaher, 2005), decision-making styles questionnaire (Scott and Bruce, 1995) and social adjustment questionnaire (Weissman and Bothwell, 1976) and were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance methods in SPSS-19 software.Findings: The results showed that solution-focused brief psychotherapy led to promoted distress tolerance, increased rational decision-making style and decreased intuitive, spontaneous, avoidant and dependent decision-making styles and improved social adjustment in M.S patients (P˂0.01).Conclusion: The results indicated the effect of solution-focused brief psychotherapy on improving distress tolerance, decision-making styles and social adjustment in M.S patients. Therefore, the use of this treatment method seems necessary to improve psychological characteristics, especially distress tolerance, decision-making styles and social adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effectiveness of education based on acceptance and commitment on distress tolerance and test anxiety in students
Seyyed Vahid Javadi Mohammad hasan ghanifar fatemeh shahabizadehThe aim of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of education based on acceptance and commitment on tolerance of distress and test anxiety among male second secondary school students in Birjand city. This research was a semi-experimental type that was MoreThe aim of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of education based on acceptance and commitment on tolerance of distress and test anxiety among male second secondary school students in Birjand city. This research was a semi-experimental type that was conducted as a pre-test-post-test with a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population included second year secondary school boys in Birjand city. Among the second secondary schools of Birjand city, one school was randomly selected and using G Power software, a sample size of 52 students was considered and the students were randomly divided into two groups (26 students in the education group) based on acceptance and commitment and 26 people were included in the control group. The data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. The findings of the present study showed that education based on acceptance and commitment increases the level of distress tolerance and decreases the students' test anxiety compared to the control group (p<0.001). The results of the Bonferroni test showed that the influence of education based on acceptance and commitment over time was significant for test anxiety and distress tolerance. Considering the impact of education based on acceptance and commitment on increasing distress tolerance and reducing test anxiety in students, counselors and therapists can use this approach to reduce test anxiety and also increase students' distress tolerance level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Distress Tolerance, High-Risk Behaviors, and Feeling of Loneliness in Students with Self- Injurious Behaviors
Alireza falah Shaban heydari Seyedeh Olia EmadianAbstractBackground and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors.Material and methods: In this MoreAbstractBackground and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors.Material and methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design, 30 female students with self- injurious behaviors in the high school of Amol city were included. Samples were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups (N=15). In the experimental group, mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment including 8 sessions was implemented, and in the control group, no intervention was performed. After the sessions, both groups completed the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness questionnaires and were followed up a month later. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the score of distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the experimental and control groups. Mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy has been 34% successful in differentiating distress tolerance in experimental and control groups. Additionally, the program was 39 and 41 percent successful in improving high-risk behaviors and feeling of loneliness among students with self- injurious behaviors, respectively.Conclusion: Holding mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy sessions is effective in improving distress tolerance, reducing high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effectiveness of treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and distress tolerance of students
مجید پورفرج عمرانThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and distress tolerance of 10th grade students in Amol city. The current research design is semi-experimental with pre-test-post-te MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and distress tolerance of 10th grade students in Amol city. The current research design is semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test along with the control group and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all male students studying in the 10th grade of Amol city in the academic year of 1402-1401. Using the targeted sampling method, according to the entry and exit criteria, 32 students who had higher exam anxiety and lower distress tolerance were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The research tools included standard test anxiety questionnaire and distress tolerance questionnaire. The experimental group received 8 sessions of therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of exam anxiety and distress tolerance (p>0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment has been effective in reducing exam anxiety and increasing distress tolerance of tenth grade students in Amol city, and this intervention can be used as a suitable method to improve exam anxiety and distress tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effectiveness of Emotion Efficacy Therapy on Symptom of anxiety, Distress Tolerance and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
afsaneh amiri ilnaz sajjadianGeneralized anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders, the main characteristic of which is excessive anxiety and worry that is not proportional to the event or situation that is the focus of worry. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectivene MoreGeneralized anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders, the main characteristic of which is excessive anxiety and worry that is not proportional to the event or situation that is the focus of worry. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on symptom of anxiety, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotion regulation. Research method was semi-experimental with a control group and one month follow-up. For this purpose, among the women who referred to cultural centers in Isfahan city in 2019, 30 people who had a score higher than the cut-off point in the general anxiety questionnaire of Spitzer et al. (2006) and who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included the hospital anxiety and depression scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983), generalized anxiety disorder (Spitzer et al, 2006), distress tolerance scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005), difficulties in emotion regulation scale(Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Subjects of the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes, emotion efficiency therapy (McKay and West, 2016). The results of variance analysis of repeated measures indicated the significant decrease in symptoms of anxiety, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotion regulation in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). According to the findings emotional efficacy therapy can be used as a beneficial intervention method to reduce anxiety symptoms, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotion regulation in women with generalized anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating of Drought Tolerance of Doubled Haploid Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Lines using Toleance Indices
Samira Eghbali Saeid Aharizad Mehrdad Yarnia Maarof khaliliTo identify drought tolerant genotypes from 40 doubled haploid and 5 barley cultivars an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted both at normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions at the Agricultural Research Sta MoreTo identify drought tolerant genotypes from 40 doubled haploid and 5 barley cultivars an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted both at normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions at the Agricultural Research Station of West Azarbayjan, at Miyandoab during 1390-91 crop years. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes concering grain yield, which indicates a high genetic diversity for this trait among genotypes under study. Genotypes No. 35, 24, 21 and 3 were highest yielders in both irrigation conditions. In this study, during tolerance of genotypes under both stress and normal irrigation conditions, were evaluated by using mean productivity (MP), tolerance (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (STI) indices. According SSI and TOL indices genotypes 13, 16, 1, 19, 8 and 5 were identified as tolerant genotypes to water stress. Genotypes 3, 24 and 35 were found to have highest STI, MP and GMP indices. Correlation coefficients indicated that STI, MP and GMP were the best indices to select barley tolerant genotypes to water deficit stress in this study. It was also revealed that genotypes 3, 21, 24 and 35 which were highest yielders under normal irrigation and did have the least reduction in their yield under deficit irrigation. Thus, they can be recommended to the experimental site as the top producers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Role of exogenous phytoprotectants in mitigation of adverse effects of abiotic stresses
Ali Namvar Hashem Hadi Raouf Seyed sharifiPlants are always subjected to various environmental adverse factors such as salinity, drought, high/low temperatures, heavy metal toxicity, waterlogging, UV-B radiation, and ozone. Abiotic stresses cause hampering in the growth, physiology, and yield of crops and thus, MorePlants are always subjected to various environmental adverse factors such as salinity, drought, high/low temperatures, heavy metal toxicity, waterlogging, UV-B radiation, and ozone. Abiotic stresses cause hampering in the growth, physiology, and yield of crops and thus, are an important challenge for crop production and food security. Various strategies have been proposed to improve crop production under stress conditions, but attempts to enhance yield under these conditions have been largely unsuccessful. However, in recent years, exogenous application of phytoprotectants such as osmoprotectants (like proline and Glycinebetaine), phytohormones (for instance Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid, Gibberellic acid, Jasmonic acid, Brassinosteroids, and polyamines), antioxidants (including Ascorbic acid, Glutathione, and Tocopherol), micro nutrients (like Iron and Zinc), and trace elements (including Selenium and Silicon) have been found effective in mitigating the stress-induced damage in plant. This strategy has gained considerable attention because of its high efficiency, feasibility, and cost and labor effectiveness. Moreover, exogenous phytoprotectants show acceptable capacity to enhance plants’ growth, yield, as well as stress tolerance under adverse environmental factors. Regarding the importance of the application of exogenous phytoprotectants under stress condition, this article provides a review of the major responses of plants to these components in the presence of growth restriction factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Relationship between Emotions' Control, Distress Tolerance and Harmful Use of Cell Phones among Students
Nader Ayadi Moslem Abbasi Zabih Pirani Davoud Tagvaie Arash PiraniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between emotions' control, distress tolerance and harmful use of cell phones among students of Payame Noor University of Tehran. The present study was descriptive- correlation. The statistical populati MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between emotions' control, distress tolerance and harmful use of cell phones among students of Payame Noor University of Tehran. The present study was descriptive- correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all graduate students of Payame Noor University of Tehran in 2014-15 academic year. The study sample consisted of 160 subjects selected by available sampling among students of Payame Noor University of East Tehran. Data were collected using harmful use of cell phones' test of Williams et al. (COS), emotions' control test (ECS) and distress tolerance scale of Simmons and Gahr (DTS). In order to test hypotheses, using SPSS software, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. Pearson's correlation results showed that emotions' control and its components, as well as distress tolerance had a significant negative relationship with excessive use of mobile phones by students. Also, the results of multiple regression showed that emotions' control and distress tolerance predict excessive use of cell phones among students. According to the findings it can be concluded that emotions' control and distress tolerance played an important role in predicting harmful use of cell phones by students. Therefore, educational authorities' special attention to the student stressors and strengthen positive aspects of their personality is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Physiology of salt stress in wheat: A Review
Adel ModhejSalinity stress is one of the important stresses affecting germination, growth, production and quality characteristics of wheat. Researchers have described salt stress as the accumulation of ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine in the rhizosphere environment in a MoreSalinity stress is one of the important stresses affecting germination, growth, production and quality characteristics of wheat. Researchers have described salt stress as the accumulation of ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine in the rhizosphere environment in a way that disrupts the natural growth of plants. Salinity stress through reducing the cell pressure, inhibition the functioning of membranes, affecting the activity of enzymes, inhibiting photosynthesis and inducing ion deficiency due to the reduction of ion transport and other physiological processes causes a decrease in growth, leaf area index, biomass and grain yield. Wheat cultivars show different reactions to soil and water salinity. Increasing tolerance to salinity in bread wheat cultivars is related to a decrease in sodium concentration in the plant and also a decrease in the sodium to potassium ratio in the leaves. Separation of sodium in leaves and preferably potassium is related to the presence of D genome in hexaploid wheats. In general, investigating physiological reactions, especially in salinity tolerant genotypes, is helpful for plant breeders to release salinity tolerant genotypes. This research is to study the effect of salinity stress on some characteristics Physiological and growth of wheat has been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effectiveness of Group Training of Transactional Analysis on Distress Tolerance and Communication Skills
Reyhaneh Jabbari Mirzahosseini Hassan Samaneh Sadegh Mahboob The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group training of transactional analysis on distress tolerance and communication skills of delinquent adolescents. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group and More The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group training of transactional analysis on distress tolerance and communication skills of delinquent adolescents. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group and follow-up period.The statistical population consisted of delinquent male adolescents from Qom correction and rehabilitation center. Participants included 30adolescents (mean age=15.91; SD= 2.95) were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Communication skills Test (Queendom, 2004). The experimental group received 990-minute sessions of transactional analysis sessions. Then, at the end of the therapeutic interventions and again 2 months later, the subjects of the experimental and control groups were evaluated by questionnaires.The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that transactional analysis significantly increased distress tolerance and communication skills. The findings suggested the effectiveness of group training of transactional analysis in increasing distress tolerance and improvingcommunication skills in delinquent adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Comparison of Distress Tolerance and Fear of Being Laughed at among Children’s Siblings with or without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Amir Ghamarani Ahmad Yarmohammadiyan Alireza Mohseni Ezhiyeh Nahid VakilizadehThe present study was aimed to compare distress, tolerance, and fear of being laughed of children who had siblings with or without autism spectrum disorder. Twenty nine children who had a sibling with autism spectrum disorder (19 males, 10 females) were matched with 29 MoreThe present study was aimed to compare distress, tolerance, and fear of being laughed of children who had siblings with or without autism spectrum disorder. Twenty nine children who had a sibling with autism spectrum disorder (19 males, 10 females) were matched with 29 children who had a sibling without autism spectrum disorder (19 males, 10 females). The sample were selected from Esfahan, Iran using the convenient sampling method. The participants completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Fear of Being Laughed at Scale (FBLS; Ruch & Proyer, 2009).The data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results indicated significant differences in mean scores of tolerance (P<0.001), evaluation (P<0.018), regulation (P<0.001), and fear of being laughed (P<0.034) at among siblings of children with or without autism spectrum disorder. The findings suggested the necessity of using prevention and intervention programs for preventing the occurrence of long-term psychological damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Relationship Between Metacognition and Metaemotion with Distress Tolerance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility
Majid Pourfaraj Tahere MahmoudianThe aim of this study was to determine the structural relationship between metacognition and meta-emotion with distress tolerance by the mediatory of psychological flexibility. The study design was descriptive correlational and statistic population was all students MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the structural relationship between metacognition and meta-emotion with distress tolerance by the mediatory of psychological flexibility. The study design was descriptive correlational and statistic population was all students of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. For this purpose, 352 students were selected using multistage randomized cluster sampling method and responded to Metacognitive Questionnaire (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), Meta-emotion Questionnaire (Mitmansgruber, Beck, Höfer & Schübler, 2009), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond, Hayes, Baer, Carpenter, Guenol et al., 2011), and Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher ,2005). First, to evaluate the fitness of the models confirmatory factor analysis was used and then the fitness of the proposed model was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling. Findings indicated a suitable fitness of the model to the data. Moreover, the results showed that the relationship between metacognitive and meta-emotion with distress tolerance by the mediatory of psychological flexibility was stronger than their direct relationship with distress tolerance. Therefore, the findings of this study revealed the importance of the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between metacognition and meta-emotion with distress tolerance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The relationship between spiritual intelligence and family atmosphere with distress tolerance among students
Venus Tahuri Ali karimi Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional atmosphere of the family with distress tolerance of students, and a descriptive correlational method was used. In order to achieve the research More Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional atmosphere of the family with distress tolerance of students, and a descriptive correlational method was used. In order to achieve the research goals, among middle school students in sabzevar city, with a population of approximately 6,000 students, a sample of 361 students (including 225 female and 136 male) And were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005), Hill Burn Family Affective Affair Questionnaire (1964), and King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008). For data analysis, multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. And analyzed with SPSS software. In studying the main hypothesis, family emotional atmosphere (P = /0009) and spiritual intelligence (P = /0027) are capable of predicting distress tolerance. Also, in the study of sub hypotheses, there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and distress tolerance among students (P = /0002 , r = /0163) and between family emotional atmosphere and distress tolerance of students (P = /0001 , r = /0179). The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between spiritual intelligence and tolerance of distress and also the relationship between family emotional atmosphere and distress tolerance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effectiveness of mindfulness training on stress tolerance, cognitive regulation of emotion and meaning of life in Payame Noor University students
mojtaba aghili akram vakili bastamEmotional distress as an emotional disorder in the long run can affect the social functioning and daily life of people and cause them helplessness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on stress tolerance, cognitive regulation MoreEmotional distress as an emotional disorder in the long run can affect the social functioning and daily life of people and cause them helplessness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on stress tolerance, cognitive regulation of emotion and meaning of life in students of Payame Noor University. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study was all students of Payame Noor University of Gorgan in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of control (15 people) and experimental group (15 people). The research instruments were Gaher (2005) Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, Granfsky Emotion Cognitive Regulation (1991) and The Meaning of Life of Steger et al. (2006). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of mindfulness treatment and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. Research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 24. The results showed that mindfulness treatment increased anxiety tolerance, cognitive regulation of emotion and meaning of life (p<0.001). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be effective in enduring anxiety, emotion regulation and the meaning of students' lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of potassium sulfate on chlorophyll and drought toleranceindexin the Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province
Naser Zarifinia hossein farzadi mohammad khoramianIn order to evaluate the effect of potassium sulfate nutrition on chlorophyll contentand drought tolerance indexon Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province, this study was conducted in split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three re MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of potassium sulfate nutrition on chlorophyll contentand drought tolerance indexon Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province, this study was conducted in split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1390 and 1391 at the agricultural Research center south of west Country (Safiabad). The main plot was irrigation after 120, 180 and 240 mm evaporation from pan evaporation (respectively marked I120, I180 and I240),and the subplots were potassium fertilizers with 0, 37.5 and 75 kg K2O per hectarfrom potassium sulfate(respectively marked F0,F1 and F2) and genotypes (Parto, Hindi and VC6173, Cn95 and KPS1lines ) in a factorial arrangement.The results showed that grain yield in I180 and I240 treatments, reduced 21.8 and 30.4 percent respectively in comparison with control treatment(I120).the highest and lowest tolerance to drought stress were allocated to Hindi (0.83) and KPS1 (0.47) respectively. Potassium application at the rate of 75 kg/ha in I240 treatment, increased drought tolerance in all genotypes except KPS1. chlorophyllcontent was influenced irrigation regimes, irrigation and genotype, irrigation-fertilizer as well as the interaction of three factors at the of 1% and fertilizer and genotypes at the level of 5%.The overall results showed that Hindi due to high drought tolerance and VC6173 due to shoot standing and high drought tolerance were superior to other varities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of 38 varieties of bread wheat in heat stress tolerance is calculated based on the season of the untamed STI farm
seyed saeed sayahi Fatemeh KomaeiTo evaluate different bread wheat cultivar in the Heat of the end of the season, agricultural experiment in the veys area 10 km East of Ahvaz, split plot in randomized complete design with 4 repeat was conducted. The main factor of this experiment include, good planting MoreTo evaluate different bread wheat cultivar in the Heat of the end of the season, agricultural experiment in the veys area 10 km East of Ahvaz, split plot in randomized complete design with 4 repeat was conducted. The main factor of this experiment include, good planting date (15 azarmah) and delay the planting (20 deymah) and the sub factor of this test, genotypes (38 pcs) where considered.Delay Planting date was considered the plant will end with the heat of season. In this experiment yield and yield component, the STI tolerance index was also estimated by Fernandez as a criterion for measuring end-season heat stress tolerance in 38 genotypes. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, and also Arvand Rud has the highest STI in among 38 genotypes to studied. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, Arvand Rud, virginia, plateau and-78-11 genotypes bearing the name of thermal stress. Other genotypes where evaluated according to stress tolerance index and previous report result sensitive genotypes were called. Totally in Khuzestan provinceIf the selection of suitable varieties and possibility of optimal agriculture processing are carried out. Can be cultivated with tolerance varieties, while maintaining high performance, it improves the sustainability of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of end season drought stress tolerance indices to identify tolerant genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Fateme SHeikh Faramarz Seyedi Drought stress has reduced the yield and cultivated area of faba bean in many regions of Iran. So,in order to identify the best drought stress tolerance indices and select drought tolerant genotypes,24 genotypes of faba bean from ICARDA (International Center for A More Drought stress has reduced the yield and cultivated area of faba bean in many regions of Iran. So,in order to identify the best drought stress tolerance indices and select drought tolerant genotypes,24 genotypes of faba bean from ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in DryAreas) drought resistance nursery and control cultivar (Barekat) were planted in two separateexperiments at Gorgan and Gonbad agricultural and natural resources research stations (GolestanAgricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center). Faba bean genotypes wereevaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications in 2015-2016. To determine droughttolerant genotypes, it is necessary to grow them under both stress and non-stress condition. To thisend, various stress tolerance indices such as tolerance (TOL), Stress Sensitivity Index (SSI), MeanProductivity (MP), Stress Tolerance Idex (STI), Geometric Man Poductivity (GMP), Yield Index(YI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index (K1STI) were calculated based on the genotypes in stressedyield in stress and non-stressed conditions. Multiple variance analysis of data showed that therewas a significant difference between the genotypes. In medium stress conditions (SI = 0.46), therewas a correlation between bean pod yield in stress and non-stress conditions, which indicates theability to generalize the yield results in non-stress to moderate drought stress conditions. MP,GMP, STI, HM, YI and K1STI indices can be used to identify tolerant genotypes due to theirpositive and significant correlation with yield in both stress and non-stress conditions. Therefore,1, 3, 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 genotypes were selected for further investigations in thecrossbreeding program of drought resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Relationship between Distress Tolerance, Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality and Quantity with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Symptom Severity in Adults
yousof hasani jabdaragi sajjad basharpoorProblems related to Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity in adults doesn't reveal itself due to graduating school or college and choosing a job that doesn't need long term or precise focus and because of this people have fewer complaints in this regard. But it doesn't mean MoreProblems related to Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity in adults doesn't reveal itself due to graduating school or college and choosing a job that doesn't need long term or precise focus and because of this people have fewer complaints in this regard. But it doesn't mean that their Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms improved. Because if they were in a situation requiring long term or precise focus they will have difficulties, and at the same time, they may experience a variety of mental and behavioral problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between distress tolerance, mind wandering, sleep quality and quantity with Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptom severity in adults. Samples of this study included 90 adults with Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms that were chosen by Convenience Sampling and evaluated for mind wandering, distress tolerance and sleep quality and quantity. Analyzing multiple regressions results showed that Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptom severity was positively correlated with mind wandering and had negative correlations with Distress Tolerance and sleep quality and quantity, regression analysis showed that mind wandering predicts overall 42% of adults Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptom severity and distress tolerance and sleep quality and quantity also predicted 35% and 15% of Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptom severity in adults. Results indicate that we can predict ADHD symptom severity by measuring mind wandering, distress tolerance and sleep quality and quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of transcription factors expression patterns; ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37 and root length in rice under drought stress
Maryam Akbarpour Ramezanali Khavari-Nejad Ali Moumeni Farzaneh NajafiRice is one of the most important crops in Asian countries, because of limitation in water resources, the studies on plant tolerance mechanisms to drought stress and the use of tolerant genotypes are going to be more considered. In current research, three Iranian rice c MoreRice is one of the most important crops in Asian countries, because of limitation in water resources, the studies on plant tolerance mechanisms to drought stress and the use of tolerant genotypes are going to be more considered. In current research, three Iranian rice cultivars named Neda, Amol3, and Sang-tarom with different responses to drought stress were used. The rice seedlings were grown in three treatments including control (Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water=1.0), mild drought stress (FTSW=0.5) and severe drought stress (FTSW=0.2) in glasshouse. The root length and the expression levels of three transcription factors, ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37were investigated in vegetative stage of growth by qRT-PCR. Neda showed significant increase (P<0.05) in root length with compared to Sang-tarom in mild and severe drought stress but there were not any significant differences between Neda and Amol3. Neda had less significant increases (P<0.05) in expression levels of ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37with compared to Sang-tarom in mild drought stress and also less significant increases in expression levels of ZFP252 and AP37 with compared to Amol3.In severe drought stress (FTSW=0.2), Neda showed less significant expression levels of all three transcription factors with compared to Sang-tarom. Neda is probably more tolerant line and also a candidate for selection against drought stress due to longer roots but there are different mechanisms in responses to drought stress in genes expression levels in different rice lines. mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi'>MYB3R-2 در مقایسه با رقم سنگ طارم و همچنین افزایش معنی­دار کمتری در سطح بیان ZFP252وAP37 در مقایسه با رقم آمل 3 مشاهده شد. در وضعیت تنش شدید، رقم ندا افزایش کمتر و معنی­داری در سطح بیان هر سه عامل نسخه­برداریدر مقایسه با رقم سنگ طارم نشان داد. بنابراین، رقم ندا احتمالاً به دلیل طول ریشه بیشتر در شرایط تنش خشکی رقم متحمل­تر و کاندیدی جهت انتخاب علیه تنش خشکی است اما سازوکار­های مختلفی در واکنش به خشکی در سطح بیان ژن­های پاسخ دهنده به این تنش در ارقام مختلف وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of manure on tolerance of maize cultivars to drought stress in Iranshahr climate condition
Amir Behzadi asl s. mahdi javadzadehTo investigate the reaction of maize under drought stress to the application of manure, an experiment was conducted as split split plot based on randomized complete block design in Iranshahr, Iran. Drought stress included irrigation cut-off in two flowering and seed fil MoreTo investigate the reaction of maize under drought stress to the application of manure, an experiment was conducted as split split plot based on randomized complete block design in Iranshahr, Iran. Drought stress included irrigation cut-off in two flowering and seed filling stages. Maize genotypes consisted of SC704, SC540, and SC647, and Maxima cv. and sheep and poultry were applied with the amounts of 10 and 5 t/ha. Plant height, number of seeds per row, ear diameter, 1000 grain weight, and seed yield were measured at physiological harvesting time. Tolerance indices including Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Tolerance Index (TOL), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) , Geometric mean productivity (GMP), , and Mean Productivity Index (MPI) were measured . Irrigation cuttings had a meaningful declining effect on all studied traits in all four cultivars especially in flowering stage. SC704 hybrid showed the highest drought tolerance to Iranshahr weather conditions.Compared to sheep manure, application of poultry manure increased yield and yield components of maize cultivar 704 in drought stress in flowering stage. SSI, STI, STI, GMP, TOL, and MPI introduced the SC704 maize hybrid as stress tolerance indices.Therefore, the use of poultry manure is recommended to achieve optimal yield in maize SC704 under drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of salinity toleranceindices in some bread wheat genotypes at seedling stage
Sepideh Biriyay Manouchehr Khodarahmi Davood HabibiTo evaluate of salinity tolerance indices in 17 commercial cultivars and 34 lines ofbread wheat against salinity of sodium NaCl, an experiment was conducted in growing season of 2012 in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with two replications and in MoreTo evaluate of salinity tolerance indices in 17 commercial cultivars and 34 lines ofbread wheat against salinity of sodium NaCl, an experiment was conducted in growing season of 2012 in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with two replications and in salt concentration of 0, 8 and 16 ds m in the greenhouse. In this study, total plant dry weight was measured. To assess the salt tolerance of genotypes stress susceptibility (SSI), tolerance (TOL), stress tolerance (STI), geometric mean productivity(GMP) and the mean productivity (MP) indices were used. In this study, regarding to the indices of MP, GMP and STI, Farahan 4452, Saruq 4468, Trfan4678, Parsi, Rezaieh 2745 and Nishapur genotypes identified to have the highest yield in both control and salt stress conditions. Therefore, they can be used in salineandnon-salineoruncertain areas, also because they had highbiologicalyield. On the other hand, it was observed that Roshan, MV-17, 22762, Zarea, 22919, Azerbaijan 2664 and Mahabad 1856genotypeshad the lowest rate of TOL and SSI indicesandthey can be grown in saline areasbecauseof having highbiological yieldin stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Salinity tolerance of two marigold genotypes to salt stress at germination and adult stages
Aylin Hajipour Fard Davoud Sadeghzadeh-AhariIn this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences MoreIn this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences between genotypes in some germination indices, vegetative and reproductive morphological and physiological traits. Some traits were reduced by increasing sodium chloride concentration to 8 g/L in both growing stages. Interactional effects of salt × genotype were significant on germination percentage and leaf water saturation deficient at seedling and adult stages, respectively. Sparse petal and compact petal genotypes were more tolerant to salinity in seedling and adult stages, respectively. Therefore, cultivation of compact petal marigold genotype in areas with water salinity problem up to 4 g/L NaCl is suitable and advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Shirvan area
Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh In order to study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan in the 2004-2005 growing season. The experiment was performed under two separated conditions using a r More In order to study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan in the 2004-2005 growing season. The experiment was performed under two separated conditions using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The length and width of each plot was 5 and 1.5 m, respectively. Plant density was 500 seeds per square meter in both experiments. At the early grain filling stage, leaf samples were provided from each plot to determine the leaf electrical conductivity and leaf relative water content. Number of spikes per square meter, grain weight and yield were measured after harvesting. Stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were estimated according to grain yield of any variety in both dryland and irrigated conditions. The results of combined analysis showed that Chamran and Cross-Sabalan produced 2005 and 2310 kg/ha seed yield in irrigated condition, respectivaly that were higher than other varieties. In dryland condition, the yield of Chamran and Cross-Sabalan were 648 and 551 Kg/ha that were higher than other varieties, as well. Cross-Sablan and Chamran also showed higher drought tolerance index compared with other varieties. Drought tolerance index in the mentioned two varieties was 6.8 and 6.6, respectively. Cross-Sabalan also showed relatively high drought susceptibility index, but Chamran showed higher drought tolerance index and lower drought susceptibility index compared to the other varieties. According to the results, two varieties of Cross-Sablan and Chamran were advisable to plant in regions with limited source of water for irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on the growth and yield of corn seed single-cross 704 at Zabol region
Mostafa Khammar Hamidreza Mobasser Abbas KeshtehgarIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of single-cross 704 at the region of Zabol, an experiment as the split-plot has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. MoreIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of single-cross 704 at the region of Zabol, an experiment as the split-plot has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments of the experiment included irrigation round as main plot in three levels of 6, 9 and 12 days, and spraying of humic acid as a subplot in four levels of control or every week, every two weeks, every three weeks and every four weeks. The effect of irrigation and spraying of humic acid and their interactions on plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear was obtained under 6 days of irrigation round and every two week spraying of humic acid which by 6 days of irrigation round and every week spraying of humic acid and every three week in same statistical group and did not show any significant difference. On the other hand, the 12 days of irrigation round treatments and every four week spraying of humic acid showed that significantly reduced in the above traits. So that with 12 days of irrigation round and spraying every week and every three weeks of humic acid was placed in the same statistical group. Therefore, the best irrigation round in order to produce corn grain is recommended for 6 days of irrigation round with the use of every two weeks for humic acid spraying for cultivation in the region. Manuscript profile
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