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Open Access Article
1 - Post-colonial discourse in world literature (Risheha novel discourse analysis)
افسانه مظفری Mona Asadian Farzaneh SharifiDiscourse analysis is one of the humanities methods which analyzes the implicit concepts of power and ideology in different contexts. This understanding is conducted through different techniques of discourse. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau MoreDiscourse analysis is one of the humanities methods which analyzes the implicit concepts of power and ideology in different contexts. This understanding is conducted through different techniques of discourse. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and floating signifier, articulation, moments and elements, opposition and otherness to explore the implicit purposes in the texts. In this study, by using Laclau and Mouffe’s, we tried to analyze the “roots” novel discourse to indentify the approaches in the postcolonial literature. The views of people like Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha explain and interpret the post-colonial discourse analysis that would help us in this article. The main objective of this study is to determine the effective signifiers on the dispute between the two discourses: colonial and slavery. The novel, studies on several elements of American culture colonial and colonial African culture and their different.Slabs floating through the articulation of a discourse that is considered Laclau and Mouffe through a chain of equivalence to the original slab or nodes-are connected. In fact, each of these slabs of by the clamp in place and revolves around a specific discourse, its meaning is fixed and everything in this area of discussion diversity rather than be rejected and the discursive field drives. Evidence such as racism, modernity, wisdom, slavery and forced US language and culture around the nodes main articulation of colonial and colonial discourse of the day skeptics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Post-colonial discourse in world literature (Discourse Analysis of Roots)
Afsaneh Mozaffari Mona Asadian Farzaneh SharifiDiscourse analysis uses discriminative techniques to examine the concepts of power and ideology inherent in different texts. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and flo MoreDiscourse analysis uses discriminative techniques to examine the concepts of power and ideology inherent in different texts. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and floating signifier, articulation, moments and elements, opposition and otherness to explore the implicit purposes in the texts. In this study, by using Laclau and Mouffe’s, we tried to analyze the “roots” novel discourse to indentify the approaches in the postcolonial literature. The views of people like Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha explain and interpret the post-colonial discourse analysis that would help us in this article. The main goal of this research is to identify the effective signifiers of the conflict between colonialist discourse and slavery, which forms the central ideology of the novel of the roots. Racism and slavery were among the important concepts in the discourse of colonialism, which contributed to the hegemonic process of discourse. On the other hand, concepts such as submission, retardation, violence and lack of accountability are also found in the discursive circle of African slavery. The dominance of colonial discourse in the roots of the novel is formed by the rejection of indigenous African concepts and culture and consolidating their western and American meanings in American dominant discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of extraction method (ultrasonic, maceration and soxhlet) and solvent type on the extraction rate of phenolic compounds and extraction efficiency of Arctium lappa L. roots and Polygonum aviculare L. grass
Zahra Farahani -
Open Access Article
4 - Function Ecology effect aspect geographic on the Cypress (Cupresuss sempervirens L.var horizontalis) growth in the Abas Abad Behshahr planting stand
Hassan Kalantari Asghar Fallah Seyed Mohammad HojjatiIntroduction: To evaluate the growth of cypress in different aspects (North West, West, Northeast and Southwest) is a pure planting stand in the area Abbas Abad Behshar was considered. Materials and Methods: Using the inventory network 75 × 100 m and a stratified MoreIntroduction: To evaluate the growth of cypress in different aspects (North West, West, Northeast and Southwest) is a pure planting stand in the area Abbas Abad Behshar was considered. Materials and Methods: Using the inventory network 75 × 100 m and a stratified random method, 50 samples plot 2 R (200 square meters) in different geographical aspects was carry out. In each sample plots, diameter trees and height of four trees were measured. Excel and SPSS statistical software and statistic analyse and necessary calculations were performed. Discussion: The results showed that between amplitude with different aspects of growth, there are significant differences, so that the highest diameter increment in the West aspect (0.53 cm) and the lowest in the North East aspect (0.479 cm) were observed. The maximum height growth in the West and South-West aspecs (0.53 m) and the lowest it has been in the northwest aspect (0.49 m) and for average basal area growth, the highest growth in the West aspect (0.87 m square per ha) and lowest in the North west aspect (0.76 square meters per hectare), respectively. The average volume growth to age, respectively, in the aspect of West aspect (4 sylve per ha) and Northeast aspect (6.3 sylve per hectare) were the highest and lowest values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Examining the Stylistic Features of the Novel "Roots in the Depths" with a Critical Stylistics Approach
mahboobe besmelThis research seeks to analyze the novel "Roots in the Depths" from the perspective of critical stylistics and to answer the question of how one can achieve the hidden ideology of text using specific stylistic components. In this article, the novel was considered based MoreThis research seeks to analyze the novel "Roots in the Depths" from the perspective of critical stylistics and to answer the question of how one can achieve the hidden ideology of text using specific stylistic components. In this article, the novel was considered based on the characteristics of critical stylistics. The aim of this study is to reach an in-depth interpretation of the work. Because, from the perspective of critical stylistics, it is easier to reach the hidden manifestations of ideology, domination, power, and prevailing discourse of the novel, and to reflect on how language reproduces these social concepts. The novel "Roots in the Deep" deals with the warriors and veterans’ issues. Shafi's - a war veteran - resistance as a representative of the national (religious) discourse against life difficulties and local and traditional laws and his hopefulness shows the failure of local discourse and its being bobtailed and, conversely, the authority, being promising and continuity of the national (religious) discourse over time. The present article is organized by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Anti-plasmodial diterpenes from the roots of Hypoestes forsskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae)
Fred Wanyonyi Sawenja Ruth Anyango Omole Peter Gakio Kirira Hamisi Masanja Malebo Alex Kingóri Machocho Richard Maveke Musau Isalah Omolo NdiegeEthno-pharmacological surveys previously revealed that Hypoestes forskalei (Vahl) Sol. Roemer & Schl.(Acanthaceae), a local medicinal plant, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional malaria therapy by the Marakwet and Kisii communities in Kenya. This stud MoreEthno-pharmacological surveys previously revealed that Hypoestes forskalei (Vahl) Sol. Roemer & Schl.(Acanthaceae), a local medicinal plant, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional malaria therapy by the Marakwet and Kisii communities in Kenya. This study was aimed at validating the indigenous medicinal knowledge claims on the efficacy of H. forskalei and its safety as a traditional anti-malarial drug. It involved the sequential solvent extraction of plant material, bioassay-guided separation and isolation of components, identification of anti-plasmodial principles of H. forskalei and determination of their cytotoxicity and selectivity. From the roots of H. forskalei, (3, 4a, 7, 7,10a-pentamethyl-1, 3-vinyl-dodecahydro-benzo[f]chromene (1) and (3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-3-vinyl-dodecahydrobenzo[f]chromen-8-ol (2) with moderate and mild anti-plasmodial activity at IC50 2.39±0.0 µg/mL (7.81 µM) and 4.34±0.03 µg/mL or 15.0 µM), respectively, were isolated plus the inactive kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (IC50 19.75±0.11 µg/mL or 65.40 µM) against Plasmodium falciparum D6 (CQ-sensitive) strain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Bioactive biflavonoids from Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey. (Thymelaeaceae): A review
Christian Bailly -
Open Access Article
8 - Pathological and Molecular Identification the causal agent of Cittrange rootstock rot in Citrus Orchards the East of Mazandaran
Seyed vahid Alavi Faeze FalakiRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to MoreRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to the laboratory. The samples were rinsed under top water and disinfested with 70% ethyl alcohol. Pieces of each sample was separated with a sterile blade and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Obtained fungal isolates were purified and pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by A mycelial plug (5 mm diam.) obtained from the margin of a fungal colony was placed in the wound with the mycelium facing towards the stem, and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Based on the morphological characteristics including colony form, conidia specific feature, and growing on agar cum Foeniculum vulgare stipes, studied fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe novem Santos. Genomic DNA extraction was done from fungal isolates and amplification was done with ITS1, ITS4 and Bt regions primers and the amplicons were sequenced. Also the sequencing results confirmed fungal species mentioned above. This is the first report of fruit drop and dieback disease and the causal agent identification on local tangerine in north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluatoin of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks to the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, in Fars province, Iran
Kavous Ayazpour Abdolhosein Aboutalebi Majid PakniyatThe citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of so MoreThe citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of some rootstocks including Minneola (C. paradise × C. reticulata), Citrus ourantium, C. lmettioides, C. aurantifolia var. Ahvazi (a natural hybrid), C. maxima, Fortunella margarita, C. medica, C. medica var. Otroj, C. lemonia var. Lisbon, C. taivanica, C. volkameriana, C. lemonia var. Eureka, C. aurantifolia, C. grandis, C. lemonia var. Rough Lemon, C. macrophylla (Alemow), Poncirus trifoliata, Swingle Citromelo(C. paradise × P. trifoliata) were evaluated for their resistance to the citrus nematode. The seedlings were planted in the pots and citrus orchard. In case of pot experiments, the three months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to the pots with 40 J2/g of soil. The roots of seedlings were scored for nematode infestation after six months. For orchard experiments, the five months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to naturally infested soil in a citrus orchard with 25 J2/g of soil. The roots of these seedlings were evaluated for nematode infestation 4.5 and 15 months after transplanting. The susceptibility of rootstocks to citrus nematode was evaluated on the base of the number of penetrated females per gram of feeder roots. In both experiments P. trifoliata, Swingle citromelo and Citrus ourantium were resistant to citrus nematode, whereas the other rootstocks supported a high population of the nematode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A survey around the scope of Mohammad Reza Torki's poetic imagery
nasibe alighadr seif addin abbarin forugh jaliliPoetic imagery always discovers unknown realms and draws them into the realm of words; The vaste of poetic imagery is wide in poems . The imagery of poets according to their poetic experiences have a various origins. Some people use the city and urban life and modern ph MorePoetic imagery always discovers unknown realms and draws them into the realm of words; The vaste of poetic imagery is wide in poems . The imagery of poets according to their poetic experiences have a various origins. Some people use the city and urban life and modern phenomena as their source of inspiration in imagery, while others are more emphasis to nature and elements of nature, and some poets use religion as a source of inspiration in imagery. However, in the poetry of most poets, diversity is seen in the origin of imagery and the scope of imagery. But in this regard the images is a new have a effectiva than and interest than others. the variety of imaginary origins can be seen In Mohammad Reza Torki's poems. Because of this,effefort to be appear the roots of imagery in Torkis poem. The result of the research indicates that the inspiration of nature in the creation of the images, religious and religious elements and elements related to contemporary life are colorful in his poetic imagery and the origin of the symbol in his poetry is myth, history and religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of root effect on yield and yield components of four commercial varieties of tomato under drought stress conditions
sepideh kazemi Abdolrasool Zakerin Vahid Abdossi Pezhman MoradiIn order to investigate the mutual effect of root and scion on yield, yield components and some biochemical characteristics of four commercial varieties of tomato, a research was conducted in Fars province in 2016. In this regard, the combination of three rootstocks (Da MoreIn order to investigate the mutual effect of root and scion on yield, yield components and some biochemical characteristics of four commercial varieties of tomato, a research was conducted in Fars province in 2016. In this regard, the combination of three rootstocks (Dashtestan, Doraheh, and Mond) and four grafts (Raad, Metin, Superchief, and Rockstone) were examined and after grafting, vegetative and reproductive traits and biochemical traits were measured. The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base. On the other hand, there were significant interactions between root and scion in terms of parameters of days to flowering, plant height, average fruit weight, firmness, protein, lycopene, carotenoid, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, it can be concluded that the best base and scion combinations were Raad and Superchif respectively on Dashtestan base, because in many parameters evaluated, these base and scion combinations were better than other combinations.Findings: The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation the Causal Relationships of Marital Commitment through Relationship Investment Model and Roots Development with Mediated of Emotional Processing Styles and Self-Differentiation
Leyli Amirsardari Ali Khademi Reza Tasbih Sazan MashhadiPurpose: The aim of this research was investigation the causal relationships of marital commitment through relationship investment model and roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation. Methodology: This study was a descriptiv MorePurpose: The aim of this research was investigation the causal relationships of marital commitment through relationship investment model and roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation. Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was married male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin branch in the 2017-18 academic years with number 1416 people. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula 302 people who were selected by cluster randomly sampling method. The research tools were the questionnaires of Adams and Jones marital commitment (1997), Result relationship investment model (1980), Young and Klosko parenting (1993), Baker and et all emotional processing styles (2007) and Drake self-differentiation (2011). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in Amos software. Findings: The findings showed that relationship investment model and roots development on emotional processing styles, self-differentiation and marital commitment had a direct and significant effect and emotional processing styles and self-differentiation on marital commitment had a direct and significant effect (p < 0.01). Also, the relationship investment model with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation on marital commitment and roots development with mediated of self-differentiation on marital commitment had an indirect and significant effect (p < 0.01), but roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles had not an indirect and significant effect (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of present study, to improve the marital commitment of married students can be designed programs to promote their relationship investment model, roots development, emotional processing styles and self-differentiation and implemented through workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - In vitro screening of apple rootstocks for resistance to phytophthora root rot
Mahsa Khatami Hamid Sadeghi Garmaroodi Mohammad TorabiPhytophthora root and crown rot is one the most important diseases of apple in Iran and worldwide. This research was performed first to recover oomycete species from infected apple roots and crowns, second, establish a reliable method for inoculation of apple rootstocks MorePhytophthora root and crown rot is one the most important diseases of apple in Iran and worldwide. This research was performed first to recover oomycete species from infected apple roots and crowns, second, establish a reliable method for inoculation of apple rootstocks and third, evaluate disease resistance of some apple rootstocks in tissue culture media. Different infected samples were collected from the Horticultural Research Stations of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. Three Phytophthora cactorum isolates in addition to one Pythium sp. isolate were recovered out of 20 samples using semi selective media containing Carbendazim, Pimaricine and Rifampicin, 10 mg per liter each. Pathogenicity test was carried out on unripe pear fruits. For disease resistance evaluation experiments, five apple hybrid progenies (H1-H5) obtained through crossing between local genotype Morabbai mashhad and M9 plus the parents, M26, MM106 rootstocks and local genotype Azayesh were assessed to Phytophthora in tissue culture jars. Plant materials were micropropagated on QL media and inoculated with P. cactorum. The pathogen was amplified on the wheat grains so that the pathogen incited necrosis on the shoots inside the jars. The extent of necrosis was recorded after 18 days. Hybrid H5 was assessed as the most sensitive genotype to P. cactorum while hybrid H1 showed high level of resistance reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Studying Morphological Characteristics of Seminal and Adventitious Root Systems of Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars
Rahim Naseri Mehrshad Barari Mohammad Javad Zarea Kazem Khavazi Zahra TahmasebiTo study the root structure and its morphological characteristics of winter and durum wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized completely design with four replications at faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during 2013-2014. Experimen MoreTo study the root structure and its morphological characteristics of winter and durum wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized completely design with four replications at faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during 2013-2014. Experimental treatments consisted of six bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan, Nestor, Pistaz, Bahar and S83-3), four durum wheat cultivars (Karkheh, Dena, Sora and Saji). Traits under study were seminal roots, nodal roots, sub-nodal roots, number of total roots, seminal roots length, nodal and sub-nodal roots, total root lengths, root dry weight, root volume and root to shoot ratio. The results showed significant differences for root structure of bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan and Nestor). They had stronger root system than the other bread wheat cultivars.It was also found that Saji from durum and Sabalan cross from bread wheat cultivars had the highest number of total roots (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root length total (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root volume and root/shoot ratio as compared with the other cultivars under study. Orthogonal contrast for three groups of genotypes indicated that in terms of number and length of nodal roots, bread wheat cultivars showed higher values as compared to durum wheat cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The applicability of the exposed roots of Carpinus Orientalis. for the estimation of soil erosion in Hassan Abad Valley, Mazandaran Province3
viliam bayram zadeh babak shah karamThe knowledge of erosion estimating is requisite for controlling soil erosion. The purpose of this research was estimating annual soil erosion using anatomical changes in exposed roots of Carpinus Orientalis in Hassan abad valley, Chaloos, Iran. For this purpose, we sel MoreThe knowledge of erosion estimating is requisite for controlling soil erosion. The purpose of this research was estimating annual soil erosion using anatomical changes in exposed roots of Carpinus Orientalis in Hassan abad valley, Chaloos, Iran. For this purpose, we select eight Carpinus Orientalis trees as quite random and cut their exposed roots. Moreover the geographic coordinates of trees, the slope intensity and direction, altitude and percentage of vegetation has been written. Cross-sections of 20 µm were prepared using microtome and the first year of exposure by erosion was identified. We finally estimated the mean annual erosion. The statistical relationship of the mean annual erosion with the percentage of the plant coverage, geographical aspects and slopes were investigated. The mean erosion of the study area has been estimated around 0.4 mm per year. There was positive relationship between annual erosion and slope density and negative relationship between the annual erosion and percentage of the plant coverage. The samples obtained in southern aspect showed higher annual erosions. We concluded that anatomical changes of exposed roots (Dendrogeomorphology) of Carpinus Orientalisare valuable tools to date erosion events, however, the responses of diverse species under different types of erosion remains to be studied in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of salinity stress on the morphophysiological characteristics of some pomegranate genotypes
Sareh Sabahi Azam Jafari Ali Momenpour Mostafa ShirmardiPomegranate is one of the most important horticultural products that cultivated in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Meanwhile, in some pomegranate orchards, salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that harm agricultural crops such as pomegranate MorePomegranate is one of the most important horticultural products that cultivated in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Meanwhile, in some pomegranate orchards, salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that harm agricultural crops such as pomegranate production by reducing productivity. This research aims to compare growth characteristics between selected genotypes including 1- Chah Afzal 2- Vahshi Babolsar, 3- Narak Lasjerd Semnan 4- Poost Siahe Yazd, 5- Malase Yazdi, 6- Rababe Neyriz, under salinity stress, in a randomized complete block design with three replicaions at Chah Afzal research station of Ardakan city. During the whole experiment, the trees were irrigated with saline water with salinity of 9 ± 0.5 dS/m every 12 days. Based on the results of this research and considering the lowest amount of ion leakage, the highest content of relative humidity and potassium, the high amount of total chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf surface ratio, the lowest sodium to potassium ratio and necrosis percentage Chah Afzal genotype showed very good resistance to salinity conditions, followed by Poost Siahe Yazd, Vahshi Babolsar, Narak Lasjerd, Malase Yazdi and finally Rababe Neyriz were highly sensitive to salinity. According to the results of cluster analysis, the highest similarity between genotypes based on the parameters mentioned above was between the Narak Lasjerd and Malase Yazdi. The highest difference between Chah Afzal genotype and other genotypes was registered. This shows a significant difference in the superiority of Chah Afzal genotype over other genotypes in total traits. Therefore, due to the compatibility and proper growth of these genotypes in saline conditions, it is suggested that they could be used as a rootstock and the cvs. Malase Yazdi and Rababe Neyriz, which also produced flowers and fruits in saline conditions, can be grafted on them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Analyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa city
Khairollah MahmoudiAnalyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa cityAbstractDialects are the treasure of the culture, identity and language of every nation and land; so keeping them alive and researching in this filed helps in keeping tha MoreAnalyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa cityAbstractDialects are the treasure of the culture, identity and language of every nation and land; so keeping them alive and researching in this filed helps in keeping that language and culture alive, and knowing the form of their emergence shows that the speakers use them with full knowledge.This research has investigated the native dialects of Shibkoh region, Fasa; the selected dialects are nouns or verbs examined in terms of structure and content, and have been adapted to the concept of today's language. It was found that most of these dialects have ancient and pre-Islamic roots; rooted in ancient languages such as Sanskrit, Pahlavi, and Avestan, and the speakers used these dialects with knowledge and understanding in their rawness. The selected dialects were tried to be words and combinations that are not widely or at all less used in other local and native areas. The main discussion of the research is on noun and verb axes.Keyword: native dialects, Shibkooh Fasa, language roots, Middle Pahlavi, local dialects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of rootstocks on the peel phenolic compounds, cartenoids, chlorophylls and ethylene of Younesi tangerine (Citrus reticulata).
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of rootstocks on sugars, acids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and ethylene of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Behrouz Golein -
Open Access Article
20 - Nitric oxide ameliorates salinity tolerance in Pyrodwarf pear (Pyrus communis) rootstocks by regulating polyamine content
Mehri Yousefi Lotfali Naseri Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi -
Open Access Article
21 - Physicochemical Characteristics in Fruit of Page Mandarin Citrus reticulata on Different Rootstocks
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi Behrouz Golein Mozhgan Farzami Sepehr -
Open Access Article
22 - The effects of rootstock on the flower components of Clementine Mandarin (Citrus clementina).
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi -
Open Access Article
23 - The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations and Grassroots in Recreating the Old Urban Context (Case Study: Mahdieh Neighborhood Located in West of Shahrekord)
N. Tavakoli S. Moayedfar M. ZakeryanNongovernmental organizations that are independent of the government try to defend the special interests, such as social, cultural, physical, etc. One of the needs of citizens in cities with inefficient textures is the existence of grassroots and nongovernmental groups MoreNongovernmental organizations that are independent of the government try to defend the special interests, such as social, cultural, physical, etc. One of the needs of citizens in cities with inefficient textures is the existence of grassroots and nongovernmental groups in order to recreation, because attention to these textures in order to attract private sector participation and removal of their instability has become a central issue, and non-governmental organizations are scrambling to recreate the city by preserving the original characteristics. Mahdieh neighborhood faces with problems such as skeletal deterioration of buildings, and social, cultural and environmental issues. It is introduced as an ineffective neighborhood in Shahrekord and recreation in the neighborhood with the participation of grassroots organizations, Nongovernmental organizations and the support of government institutions seems necessary. This article aims to address strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in this neighborhood by using the potential of Nongovernmental organizations. It also aims to provide some strategies to improve the current situation and recreate Sustainability of the neighborhood. Desired information in this research is provided in the form of library, documentary, interviews and field studies. The results indicate that the role of external factors in the failure of the inefficiency of Mahdieh neighborhood is more than internal factors and aggressive strategy are suggested. Based on Qspm model, the best strategies in order of preference, are using the potential of councils, increasing the role of public participation, and creating applications that are needed in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - ارزیابی رشد و توانایی گیاه پالایی تال فسکیو زینتی و آفتابگردان در خاکهای آلوده به هیدروکربن های نفتی
کامران پروانکچکیده لجن نفتی پسماندهای حاصل از فرآیندهای پالایش نفت خام میباشند و اولویتترین آلاینده های آلی موجود در محیط زیست هستند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه آفتابگردان و تال فسکیوی زینتی جهت پالایش لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان و عکسالعمل رشد این گیاهان به آلودگی نفتی د Moreچکیده لجن نفتی پسماندهای حاصل از فرآیندهای پالایش نفت خام میباشند و اولویتترین آلاینده های آلی موجود در محیط زیست هستند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه آفتابگردان و تال فسکیوی زینتی جهت پالایش لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان و عکسالعمل رشد این گیاهان به آلودگی نفتی در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. بدین منظور لجن نفتی پس از هوا خشک شدن به نسبتهای صفر(شاهد)، 10 و 20 درصد وزنی با خاک غیر آلوده مخلوط و به صورت جداگانه در گلدان (3 kg) ریخته شد. آزمایش بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج، میانگین درصد جوانهزنی گیاه تال فسکیو با افزایش مقدار لجن از سطح 0 به سطح 10 و 20 درصد بهطور معنیداری کاهش یافت (P<0.01). در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش معنیدار نبود. میانگین ارتفاع، عملکرد ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه تال فسکیو فقط در تیمار 20 درصد لجن نفتی نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنیدار نشان داد. در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش در هر سه سطح لجن معنیدار نبود (P<0.01). بیشترین مقدار کاهش هیدروکربنهای نفتی (89%) در ریزوسفر گیاه تال فسکیو، در سطح 10 درصد لجن نفتی مخلوط با خاک مشاهده شد. با افزایش میزان لجن مصرفی به بیش از 10 درصد، میزان تجزیه هیدروکربنهای نفتی در ریزوسفر هر دو گیاه به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت. بنابراین به دلیل رشد و عملکرد مناسب ماده خشک گیاهی و داشتن سیستم ریشه فیبری در گیاه تال فسکیو که سبب کاهش بیشتر کل هیدروکربنهای نفتی میشود، استفاده از این گیاه به عنوان گونهای مناسب برای گیاه پالایی خاکهای آلوده به لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Preliminary Evaluation of Productivity and Fruit Quality for Seven Peach Rootstocks in Chile
Sotomayor, C., J. Castro A. BravoFruit productivity and quality of eight years peach and nectarine cultivars (Rich Lady, Ryan Sun, Ruby Diamond and Venus) grafted onto Cadaman-Avimag, Viking, Atlas, GxN 15, GF 677, MRS 2/5 and Nemaguard (control) rootstocks were evaluated. A Split Plot experimental des MoreFruit productivity and quality of eight years peach and nectarine cultivars (Rich Lady, Ryan Sun, Ruby Diamond and Venus) grafted onto Cadaman-Avimag, Viking, Atlas, GxN 15, GF 677, MRS 2/5 and Nemaguard (control) rootstocks were evaluated. A Split Plot experimental design was used, with each rootstock/scion combination as an experimental unit. Total yield, fruit size distribution, number of fruit, and fruit weight were recorded. Fruit quality parameters including soluble solids concentration (SSC), blush color development, and flesh firmness were also measured. On average, Cadaman yielded the greatest fruit weight and number of fruit, compared with the control, followed by GxN 15, Atlas and GF 677 to a lesser degree, while Viking was similar to the Nemaguard control, and MRS 2/5 yielded less than the control. There were no great differences between the rootstocks and the control with respect to fruit size and weight, although the most vigorous, Cadaman and GxN 15, were significantly higher (190.1 and 197.2 g, versus 179.5, respectively). For fruit quality parameters, Viking had the highest accumulation of SSC with respect to Nemaguard and MRS 2/5 had the highest percentage of blush color compared with the control. For flesh firmness at harvest, GF 677 was the firmest and MRS 2/5 was the softest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Changes in Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Selected of Almond Cultivars (Prunus dulcis Mill.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks Under Drought Stress
Abdolbaset Ranjbar Ali Imani saeed piri Vahid AbdoosiIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a fact MoreIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications was carried out. Factors comprised cultivars in five levels (Supernova, Texas, Marcona, Shokoufeh and K13-40), rootstocks in Three levels [peaches × almonds hybrids (GF-677 and GN-22), and bitter almond seedlings NO. 32], and drought stress in four levels (irrigation intervals were 3(Control), 5, 10 and 15 Days). The results showed that the interaction of three factors for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include maximum (Fm), variable (Fv) and variable to maximum (Fv/Fm), electrolyte leakage and releate water content(RWC) of leaves at 1% probability level, and interaction effects of rootstock × cultivar for chlorophyll b and a/b as well as cultivar × drought stress for a/b were significant at 5% probability level. Also, interaction effects of rootstock × drought stress were significant for all evaluated traits except a/b at 1% probability level. Drought stress reduced Fv by increasing Fo and decreasing Fm, and reduced Fv/Fm in sensitive cultivars on seedling and GN-22 rootstocks from 0.82 to 0.67. As a general result, all of the cultivars on the GF-677 rootstock showed greater resistance to drought stress. Supernova and Shokofeh cultivars grafted on GF-677 rootstock were most resistant rootstock - scion compounds, but other rootstock-scions compounds, were sensitive to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Probability of having $n^{th}$-roots and n-centrality of two classes of groups
M. Hashemi M. Polkouei -
Open Access Article
28 - Transformations computations: Power, Roots and Inverse
M. Ghorbanzadeh H. Kamali A. Mansoori -
Open Access Article
29 - A STABLE COUPLED NEWTON'S ITERATION FOR THE MATRIX INVERSE $P$-TH ROOT
Amir Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
30 - Pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduces the negative effects of salt stress on wheat
T. Jfarian M.J. ZareThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical ON wheat seedling under salt stress conditions. In this regards a greenhouse experimentation carried out as factoria MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical ON wheat seedling under salt stress conditions. In this regards a greenhouse experimentation carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and three levels of salinity (0, 80 and 120 mM NaCl), and four levels of hydrogen peroxide ( 0, 25 , 50 , 80 mM). Hydrogen peroxide caused an increase of Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in wheat seedling under salinity condition. This increase was associated with reducing the damage of free radicals in produced wheat. Under salinity stress pre-treated wheat with hydrogen peroxide had higher chlorophyll and relative water content. Also Hydrogen peroxide reduced the negative effect of salinity on water, height and root dry weight of wheat seedling. There was no significant effect of hydrogen peroxide on ionic leakage. Overall seed priming with hydrogen peroxide improves the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and increase its resistance to salt stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effect of Low Temperatures on Domestic and Wild Pistachio Rootstocks and Interspecific Hybrids Based on Physio-biochemical Indices
Maryam Afrousheh Amir Mohammadi Hojat Hasheminasab Ali Taj Abadi Pour Hasan Arab Alireaz Dabestani -
Open Access Article
32 - The Impacts of Medium and Benzyladenine on Micropropagation and Micrografting of the Main Commercial Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars
Mohammad Tabeei Gholam Reza Sharifi-Sirchi Ebrahim Ganji Moghaddam Esmaeil Fallahi -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of the Tolerance of Four Pistachio Rootstocks to Salinity Stress Based on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters
Samanah Hakimnejad Hamid reza Karimi Seyyed Rasoul Sahhafi Majid Esmaeilizadeh(new) -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effects of Various Concentrations of IBA Hormone on Rooting of ‘TF92’; New Peach-Almond Hybrid under Ex- vivo and In - vitro Conditions
Ruhollah Haghi Ali Imani Ali Torkashvand Marzieh Ghanbari JahromiOne of the main problems of fruit cultivation, especially peaches and almonds, is the lack of the application of the existing clone rootstocks such as the promising hybrid of peaches and almonds and its unavailability due to its propagation in Iran. So the seedling root MoreOne of the main problems of fruit cultivation, especially peaches and almonds, is the lack of the application of the existing clone rootstocks such as the promising hybrid of peaches and almonds and its unavailability due to its propagation in Iran. So the seedling rootstocks are inevitably used. However these rootstocks cause many problems for the growers due to the lack of uniformity. In order to solve this problem, the effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid on the rooting of hardwood cuttings ‘TF92’ (promising hybrid of peach and almond) was tested in a private sector greenhouse in Karaj equipped with a heating pad during 2019. In this paper, the effect of 4 different levels of indole butyric acid hormone (IBA) 0, 1500, 2500 and 3500 parts per million in solution on hardwood cuttings was studied in a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that there was a significant difference between various concentrations of indole butyric acid in terms of the effect on the characteristics of the mode of investigation such as the percentage of rooting, the number of roots formed, the dry weight of the roots, the length of the roots and the length of the resulting branches in the cuttings. Thus the highest rooting percentage (78.45) was found in the indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone treatment with a concentration of 2500 mg L-1 compared to other treatments. Therefore, this method can be recommended as a suitable treatment for the rooting of wood cuttings of this promising emerging rootstock. Also, the highest percentage of rooted plantlets was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IBA. According to this study, the concentrations of 1 mg L-1 IBA results in the maximum rooting, and it has been suggested as a suitable hormone for in vitro rooting of ‘TF92’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Response of Badami-Zarand Pistachio Rootstock to Salinity Stress
M. Adish M. Fekri H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of Drought Stress on Almond Cultivars Responses Grafted on Different Rootstocks
Abdolbaset Ranjbar Ali Imani Saeid Piri Vahid Abdoosi -
Open Access Article
37 - Control of Shoot Tip Necrosis and Plant Death during in Vitro Multiplication of Pistachio Rootstock UCB1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica)
S.R. Nezami A. Yadollahi H. Hokmabadi M. Eftekhari -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of the Behavior of Native Iranian Almond Species as Rootstocks
B. Madam M. Rahemi A. Mousavi P. Martínez-Gómez -
Open Access Article
39 - The Evaluation of the Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) on In Vitro Proliferation and Shoot Tip Necrosis of Pistachio Rootstock UCB-1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica)
Shahrzad Aghasi Kermani Hossein Hokmabadi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of Freezing Damage in some Pistachio Seedling Rootstocks
Maryam Afrousheh Hossein Hokmabadi Hasan Arab Ali Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
41 - A Simple Method to Improve Hazelnut Grafting
A.R. Rahemi T. Taghavi A. Dale -
Open Access Article
42 - The Evaluation of Three Commercial Pistachio Cultivars on UCB1-hybride Rootstock under Field Conditions
M. Ahmadi Kouhbanani A. Taj Abadi Pour D. Abadikhah -
Open Access Article
43 - The Evaluation of Inter-Specific Hybrid of P. atlantica × P. vera cv. ‘Badami Zarand’ as a Pistachio Rootstock to Salinity Stress
H. R. Karimi A. Maleki Kuhbanani -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Origin and Roots of Some Farsi and Arabic Proverbs
Ya'ghoob MoghdimiAbstract A proverb is a kind of terse and well-known expression which has a cautionary story or event in itself. To understand the historical culture and manners of a nation, the proverbs are of basic matters which have seriou MoreAbstract A proverb is a kind of terse and well-known expression which has a cautionary story or event in itself. To understand the historical culture and manners of a nation, the proverbs are of basic matters which have serious values. Most of the proverbs, in addition to have real illustration of people's life, are the indications of mutual impact in the different ethnic cultures. Meanwhile, the effect of the Arabic and Persian cultures on each other, because of their contiguity, commercial relations, acceptance of Islam by Iranians, Arabs' dominance on great parts of Iran, is undeniable. We have selected some fairly important Arabic and Persian proverbs in this research and studied their themes, origin and their similarities and dissimilarities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Effect of indole butyric acid hormone concentration and rootstock on propagation of rose Cv. "Olivia" through stenting technique
Mahmoud Reza Khalili fatemeh nekonam mohamad khsosi rohangiz Naderi javad jabarzadehIn order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor MoreIn order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor was rootstock (Rosa canina L., R. indica var. Major, R. multiflora L.) and second factor was 11 IBA concentrations including 0, 25, 50, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm. The results showed that in R. indica ‘Major’ rootstock and 25 ppm IBA had highest rooting percentage. Maximum root number was observed in R. Indica ‘major’with 25 and 500 ppm IBA and the minimum number belonged to the control. High callus production was observed in 0, 5000 and 2000 ppm IBA. R. multiflora L. had highest shoot length compared to other rootstocks. According to results R. indica ‘Major’ and 25, 250, 1000 ppm IBA improved the success of stenting technique. Manuscript profile
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