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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation the Effect of Brand Social Power Dimensions on Purchasing Decisions Based on Customers’ Subjective Readiness Levels
K. Heidarzadeh S.M. Alvani K. GhalandariThe value of a brand lies in its associations with specific mindset and perception of its use in context.In this research, brand social power is considered as the perception that customers have about brandspecifications in the process of making purchasing decisions. Usi MoreThe value of a brand lies in its associations with specific mindset and perception of its use in context.In this research, brand social power is considered as the perception that customers have about brandspecifications in the process of making purchasing decisions. Using French and Raven (1959)typology of social influence, five social power bases of brand are identified which correspond to theiroriginal power bases. Assuming the ability of brands to meet various social needs of customers,markets can be segmented, and the target segments can be identified on the basis of those needs.Therefore, referring to Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory, the readiness levels ofemployees (followers) are generalized to the subjective readiness levels of customers in order toobtain a new indicator for market segmentation, so that, according to each level, we can focus on asingle social power dimension in our market positioning strategies. This research aims to identify theeffect of brand social dimensions based on subjective readiness levels on the purchasing decision ofcustomers. In this survey-descriptive study using random classified sampling, information wasobtained from 382 students using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Structural equation modelingbased on partial least squares was used to analyze data and test the hypotheses. The results suggest thatthe effect of brand social power dimensions based on different levels of customer subjective readinesson purchasing decisions vary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Management of Managers and Workers Reward of Organization with Learning
N. Feghhi FarahmandThis paper studies the dispersion around the workers expected reward of before and after controlling theorganizational hierarchical positions in cross section data samples. Data collected form 694 managers andworkers of 69 industrial and business organizations, showd th MoreThis paper studies the dispersion around the workers expected reward of before and after controlling theorganizational hierarchical positions in cross section data samples. Data collected form 694 managers andworkers of 69 industrial and business organizations, showd that this dispersion decreases with education andwork experience before entering the current job and increases with job tenure. These finding contrasts withprevious researches show a positive association between reward dispersion and education and workexperience. This study explains the new finding through a model of learning that separates from rewarddispersion between jobs and within organizational hierarchical positions jobs. The model takes advantage ofthe information revealed when workers are promoted to their current hierarchical positions and allows formore robust tests of learning theories. This study also contributes to the existing literature through a new twoequation empirical model, one for the level of reward and another for conditional dispersion, in order to testthe theoretical predictions. The paper is organized as follows:Summarize the empirical implications of learning models in studying the determinants of workers' rewardwhen information is available about managers and workers' job positions.Description of the database and methodology and so present the results of the estimation of the empiricalmodel. The discussion of the evidence supporting the basic theory and conclusion with a brief summary ofthe main findings Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Effect of Narcissism of Managers on Stock Price Crash
Shokrollah Khajavi Mohsen RahmaniNarcissism is a personality structure which has signs such as the penetration of personal desires, accountability from others and prejudice in cognitive processing. In most cases, narcissistic leaders are seeking big achievement in the company. They are shifted in the d MoreNarcissism is a personality structure which has signs such as the penetration of personal desires, accountability from others and prejudice in cognitive processing. In most cases, narcissistic leaders are seeking big achievement in the company. They are shifted in the direction of implementing bold, operational strategies, and risky business decisions which leading to huge profit or loss at the end of the fiscal year. In this regard, this study examines the effects of narcissism of managers on stock price crash risk of 52 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010 to 2014. Testosterone hormone and cash bonuses were two indicators which were used to measure narcissism of managers. Stock price crash risk were measured by both down-up volatility index and falling period of stock price were used. The results of the study showed that the testosterone hormone index and executives cash bonuses has a positive effect on down-up volatility index but they have negative effect on falling period of stock price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Work Motivation: A Study on Regular and Part-time Employees of Bangladesh
M. Rahim Uddin N. Hoque Md. Ibrahim A. Mamun -
Open Access Article
5 - Impact of Manager’s Reward Power and Coercive Power on Employee’s Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector
N. Faiz -
Open Access Article
6 - Ethical Work Climate, Employee Commitment and Proactive Customer Service Performance: Test of the Mediating Effects of Organizational Politics in Sepah Bank Branches of Shiraz Branch
Seyyed Alireza MosaviThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational policies on the impact of ethical work climate on emotional commitment and customer service performance in Sha'ap Bank Sepah Bank. The research method is a descriptive correlation with applied o MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational policies on the impact of ethical work climate on emotional commitment and customer service performance in Sha'ap Bank Sepah Bank. The research method is a descriptive correlation with applied ownership and the statistical population of Sepah bank employees in Shiraz. The sample size is 146 according to the Cochran formula. The research tool is the standard questionnaire of Love and Associates in 2017. Also, in order to describe the data analysis and test the hypotheses of the research, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling were used which were analyzed and analyzed by Amos software. The results of the research hypothesis test show that the ethical work climate also has a direct impact on the performance of customer service, employee commitment, and through reward system policies. The negative impact of the ethical work climate on the rewards system was also confirmed. Also, the results showed that bonus system policies have a negative impact on the performance of the customer service, the positive impact and commitment of the employees. Ethical work atmosphere has a significant impact on employee commitment and the performance of customer service through organizational policies. One of the limitations of this study was an understanding of the questions posed by some completers of the questionnaires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Study of the Effect of mechanisms reward systems in new product development (Case study: Home appliances manufacturing companies in Esfahan Province)
hassan ghorbani tania ladoniThe present paper, titled ‘A Study of the Effect of reward systemʼs mechanisms on new product development the mediating role of knowledge-sharing’ examines the important role of rewarding mechanisms in facilitating the knowledge-sharing among individuals and MoreThe present paper, titled ‘A Study of the Effect of reward systemʼs mechanisms on new product development the mediating role of knowledge-sharing’ examines the important role of rewarding mechanisms in facilitating the knowledge-sharing among individuals and the effects of a joint reward system on knowledge-sharing among the members and the new product development performance in home appliances factories in Isfahan Province. This research, in terms of its purpose, is an applied one; and in terms of implementation method, is a survey with a correlation approach. The statistical population include 170 managers (senior, marketing, manufacturing and R&D) of the home appliances manufacturing companies in Esfahan Province. Since the population is limited no sampling is necessary. Thus, the whole population is studied. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 30 items, of which the validity has been confirmed using the comments from advisors, professionals and experts; and the reliability, determined through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 92%) The questionnaire includes personal data and main, specialized items for examining the research hypotheses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software programs through statistical tests at descriptive (frequency, percentage, accumulated percentage, average and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test, regression modeling, variance analysis, non- parametric Kolmogorov and Smirnov test, and Freedman non-parametric test) levels. According to the results obtained, all hypotheses were supported. Therefore, it was concluded that joint design of reward system has a significant effect on the development of a new product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the Relationship between Sales Growth and Return on Assets with Board of Directors of Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Seyyed Alireza MosaviThe board of directors and in other words the board of directors of the corporations are the members of its board of directors. Shareholders invest their funds in the company by selecting board members and trusting in their good performance and wisdom, and they benefit MoreThe board of directors and in other words the board of directors of the corporations are the members of its board of directors. Shareholders invest their funds in the company by selecting board members and trusting in their good performance and wisdom, and they benefit from the company and shareholders by leveraging their intelligence and creativity after the financial year expires. With their intelligence and creativity, make a profit on the company and shareholders after the end of the financial year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sales growth and return on assets with remuneration of board of directors of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The purpose of this study is applied and is descriptive-correlational. The population of the study consisted of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange that were active from 2014 to 2016. Sample size was determined by systematic elimination of screening technique of 118 companies and in total 472 companies / year in the timeframe of data collection. The tools used in this study are reports published by the Stock Exchange, Exchange Monthly, Modern Access Software, Sahara and Dena, and audit reports, financial statements, and the Internet Portal of Accountants. The data were analyzed using Chua and Housman tests, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. The results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between sales growth and company board remuneration at 95% confidence level also, there is a positive and significant relationship between return on assets and corporate board reward, which both hypotheses were ultimately confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Feasibility study of applying forgery and its provisions on new contracts
farzaneh ahmadi Alireza Amini saydmohamadreza ayatiReward is one of the legitimate contracts in the school of Islamic Jurisprudential that can be used as a basis for contracts in today's process. An analysis of the truth of Reward and its judgements suggests that new contracts in the field of services and supervising th MoreReward is one of the legitimate contracts in the school of Islamic Jurisprudential that can be used as a basis for contracts in today's process. An analysis of the truth of Reward and its judgements suggests that new contracts in the field of services and supervising the actions and work of individuals, which are called anonymous contracts, can be interpreted as contracts of Reward. In this regard, the generalization of the judgement of Reward on emerging contracts is based on the characteristics that have been proposed by the jurists for Reward, and we can briefly mention some of them: Non-conditionality of knowledge to action and exchange, non-conditionality of determining the agent, non-contradiction of Reward with negation of negligence and also belonging of Reward to action and omission, possibility of coming together term and action, possibility of belonging of Reward to any kind of action and benefit, including commercial, industrial and service, etc. In this paper, among the new contracts in progress, four contracts were addressed that have received less attention in other researches, which are network marketing, oil contracts, CODE-SHARING and medical contracts. The result of the adaptations indicted that contracts can be concluded in the form of Reward contracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Kholud and Everlastingness in Heaven and Hell from the Point of View of Holy Quran
Nayereh Jamshidian Soosan Ale RasoolKholud (eternity) and everlastingness has always been taken into consideration by Islamic scholars. There is no difference of opinions among scholars about being everlasting in heaven. However, concerning hell-dwellers some scholars believe in Kholud in inferno and eter MoreKholud (eternity) and everlastingness has always been taken into consideration by Islamic scholars. There is no difference of opinions among scholars about being everlasting in heaven. However, concerning hell-dwellers some scholars believe in Kholud in inferno and eternal suffering and they refer to tradition and some Quranic verses in this regard while others, mostly philosophers and mystics, believe in Kholud in inferno but either suffering will diminish due to the mercy of God or hell-dwellers will get used to it. The present article deals with the meaning of Kholud, verses and tradition about it, eternal suffering of pagans, eternal reward for believers and the reasons scholars accept or deny them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Study of Sensory Cognition from the View of Aristotle and Sohrewardi
Majid Ehsanfar Hossein FalsafiThe purpose of the present study is to review sensory cognition from the view of Aristotle and Sohrewardi. The method of research is descriptive-analysis and in this regard first, the Aristotle's view about sensory cognition was studied and then, Sohrewardi's view was e MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review sensory cognition from the view of Aristotle and Sohrewardi. The method of research is descriptive-analysis and in this regard first, the Aristotle's view about sensory cognition was studied and then, Sohrewardi's view was explore by two effective criticisms from Sohrewardi on Peripatetic school of philosophy, one in terms of methodology and another about sensory cognition. Finally, the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Illuminationism were analyzed and it was revealed that Sohrewardi's critique of Aristotle's view about sensory cognition is fundamental. The results showed that a critical review of Aristotle's sensory epistemology can lead to a new and more consistent guideline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Reward and Voluntary Behavior on Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-member Exchange, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Emotional Commitment and Task Performance among Headquarter Staffs of Education in Isfahan
MohammadAli Nadi Nozhatozaman Moshfeeghi Fatemeh Akbari kooshkechehThis study aimed to investigate the effect of reward and involuntary behaviors, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behavior, emotional commitment and performance of the staff education was conducted in Isfahan. In order MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of reward and involuntary behaviors, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behavior, emotional commitment and performance of the staff education was conducted in Isfahan. In order to collect research data, the distributive, procedural justice, participation, appreciation and attention, potential rewards, punishment is unlikely, organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, emotional commitment and performance were . Data from the study were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that distributive justice, procedural justice, participation, appreciation and perceived organizational support for leader-member exchange, distributive justice, reward and punishment improbable possible and OCB the leader-member exchange and the exchange of leader-member and behavior organizational citizenship on task performance, organizational support and emotional commitment levels (P≤0.01) have a significant impact. The conceptual model was fitted. Indicators approved the model is based on research data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effect of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) On Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the mediating role of mental well-being (Case: official employees and faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan))
sayed saeed navabi mansoureh pourmiriThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the st MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Comparison of Perceptions of Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work-Life Conflict and Mental Well-Being between Official Staff and Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
sayed saeed navabi Mansoureh PourmiriThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all offici MoreThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all official staff and faculty members of the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2019. Through the Krejcie and Morgan table from this population, a sample of 248 people was selected. The research instruments included the Balance-Reward Effort Questionnaire (Seagrist, 2013), the Work-life conflict Questionnaire (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000) and the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Mae, 2003). The method of evaluation and analysis of data is done by Spss25 software and the data were analyzed by t-tests. The results showed that the rate of effort-reward imbalance in the faculty (p=2.381) and in the staff (p=2.385) as well as the rate of mental well-being in the faculty (p=2.866) and in the staff (p=2.860) was calculated and these results Was lower than average in both cases. The rate of work-life conflict in faculty (p=3.288) and staff (p=3.348) was estimated to be higher than the average. Also, there is no significant difference in the variables of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being between the two groups of formal staff and faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - School-Based Management Dimensions and Components: A Conceptual Model
ramazan jahaneanThe present research has been performed to recognize school-based management dimensions and components, and to present a suitable framework. All school managers, principals and teachers in Tehran ( individuals) make up the population of this research, and individuals MoreThe present research has been performed to recognize school-based management dimensions and components, and to present a suitable framework. All school managers, principals and teachers in Tehran ( individuals) make up the population of this research, and individuals with sample volume determination tables help with classificatory random method form the statistic sample. The information has been collected through questionnaires and interviews the validity reliability of which was tested after calculation ( ). The obtained data has been analyzed with the help of descriptive and perceptive statistics. The obtained results from the questionnaires demonstrate that the dimensions and components of school-based management systems are as follows: The first hypothesis: Decision making dimension includes the following components: Bilateral acceptance, participation, majority of ideas participation, human resources education. The second hypothesis: Control and supervision dimension includes the following components: Self-control, individuals responsiveness toward the group, group supervision and responsiveness toward group and high supervision of educational administration offices. The third hypothesis: operating evaluation and human factors rewarding dimension also include these components: Moral and personal features, features, human resources managerial and communicative skills, official trainings, technical skills and educational courses. Moreover, obtained results from the interviews with educational management experts and specialists demonstrate that the most important theories which can be utilized in education in order to stablize school-based management system according to the above-mentioned dimensions and components are as follows: metharecognition, participational management theories, virtual education theories, organizational learning, comprehensive quality management and improvement of human resources. The researcher, with due attention to obtained results and practical experience, has suggested a framework for stabilizing school based management system to the ministry of education in his country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - `The Journey Of Truth Eshraghi based on Ghorbate- Gharbi Story
Eynollah Khademi Fatemeh KokaramIn Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks t MoreIn Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks to achieve it. Main theme of Sheikh Eshragh's writing in symbolic languages include the way back to real home, obstacles ahead and following steps with guidance of leader Suhrewardiin symbolic form, occasionally, express some clauses for entering into soul world and spiritual experiences.Based on Sohrawardi’s Mystical opinions, highperfection of soul is his more sameness to Allah. This is what the mystical writings are preparing premises for its explanation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Using A Multivariate Statistical Method of Factor Analysis and Grounded Theory to Review the Theory of Agency in Developing Countries (A Case Study of Iran)
Mirza Mohammadi Rahmatollah Mohammadi pour Ghodratallah Talebnia Negar Khosravipour -
Open Access Article
18 - A comparative study of reward and punishing public affairs managers in the Alavi system with other common management systems
seyed yaser sajadi seyed yaser sajadi Mohamad Zyaaddini malike beheshtifarIf the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is MoreIf the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is where the weakness and strength of management is revealed. Ali (AS) in the field of cognition, knowledge and action. management and looking at a specific management area. It was not, and in line with the basis of Islam, it had more of an educational aspect, this comparative research is an analysis of the similarities and differences between encouraging and punishing agents in the common administrative system and the government system of Ali (AS).Library and software studies with the narrative, historical and practical course of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) and today's common management revealed keywords with semantic connection with three basic indicators, methods and strategies of rewards and reprimands, which in the approval patterns ,refinement ,development and establishment were adapted, the key items in the acceptance model are approved and care should be taken to maintain and strengthen them, the trimming items must be corrected, also in refinement Items should be added and expanded, and in the emergent pattern, it should be focused on items that did not exist or were forgotten. The results of this research can be a good indicator for managers to improve the situation of encouragement and punishment in today's management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Designing and explaining the model of performance evaluation and reward system based on knowledge-based organizational civilization in medical universities
sima kazemi mohammad mohammadi nourmohammad yaghobi jalil jarahi frizThe main purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of performance appraisal and reward system based on knowledge-based organizational civilization. Qualitative research approach and research paradigm of interpretive type and research based on purpose, ap MoreThe main purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of performance appraisal and reward system based on knowledge-based organizational civilization. Qualitative research approach and research paradigm of interpretive type and research based on purpose, applied and descriptive from the branch of grounded theory, data foundation. The statistical population consisted of professors of health services management, directors of medical universities across the country and professors of public administration who were selected by purposive sampling of 16 people to theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. After the interview, the information was coded openly and centrally. The results of the research after thematic analysis showed that open source includes 44 concepts and 8 components (organic performance appraisal and reward system, knowledge-based performance appraisal and reward system, fair performance appraisal and reward system, motivational performance appraisal and reward system, modeling and Performance appraisal, value-based performance appraisal and reward system, creative and innovative employee-based reward system, 360-degree evaluation system) were identified. Therefore, improving the performance appraisal and reward system improves the competitive advantage and increases creativity and innovation in the organization, thereby improving the organization's performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Implementing Bounded Linear Programming and Analytical Network Process Fuzzy Models to Motivate Employees: a Case Study
Ali Mostafaeipour Hasan Khademi Zare Tahere Aliheidari Ahmad Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
21 - Relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boy students`self-esteem
Khalil Ghaffari Seyed Saeed HosseiniThis research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz. For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main MoreThis research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz. For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main purpose in this study was: to examine relationship used punishment and reward practiceswith students`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools,and the main hypotheses was: Between use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools, there is a significant relationship. The research design was, causal - comparative and to analyse the data and information obtained, Pearson correlation, t-test and Chi-square test was used.The information and data collection instrument used in this study comprised two questionnaires: researcher-developed questhonnire of the use of punishment and reward practices and Alice pope self-esteem questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that: the main research hypothesis wasn`t confirmed. Also hypotheses 3 and 4 research were confirmed and hypotheses 1, 2, 5; 6 and 7 were not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Net Marketing in Law and Jurisprudence of Iran
saeed atarzadeh mehdi jalilian adel sarikhaniNet marketing is one of the economic phenomena which has been arisen by previous decade and a plethora of discussions has been shaped in this regard. The economists’ focus is on division of this sort of marketing into salubrious and insalubrious one. In this study, fi MoreNet marketing is one of the economic phenomena which has been arisen by previous decade and a plethora of discussions has been shaped in this regard. The economists’ focus is on division of this sort of marketing into salubrious and insalubrious one. In this study, first, it is tried to introduce this set of marketing and explain the differences between salubrious and insalubrious one, then examine the salubrious one from the Fegh’s view which has been less studied before, and after that to criticize and examine salubrious net marketing sort from the Fegh’ view. Finally, the assumption that salubrious net marketing is impeccable from the Fegh’s view and can be a sort of Reward contract, and that salubrious one has miscellaneous drawbacks and is sinful and forbidden activity is established, and these two net marketing is precisely analyzed a piece from our criminal law system’s view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Nature of the Reward
Farzaneh Ahmadi Alireza Amini Mohammad Reza AyatiVarious views have been expressed in the analysis of the nature of Reward. In this paper, the two main views of the mutual contract and unilateral obligation nature of Reward have been aimed to explain by referring to a few points. The supporters of the Reward consider MoreVarious views have been expressed in the analysis of the nature of Reward. In this paper, the two main views of the mutual contract and unilateral obligation nature of Reward have been aimed to explain by referring to a few points. The supporters of the Reward consider the agreement and acceptance of the worker as a condition for the realization of it. But, according to the view of jurisprudents -who chose the theory of being unilateral obligation of Reward - the acceptance of the worker does not have an effect on the offer (Ijab) of conductor and would not be considered as a pillar in this regard. These jurisprudents regarded being mutual contract of Reward would entail of ignoring the general rules of contracts. In return, some jurisprudents have also cited other ideas such as causation, interval between mutual contract and unilateral obligation, and being requirement of Reward. They believe that Reward is absolutely not a mutual contract or a unilateral obligation. In the midst of this difference of opinions, the present paper, investigating the nature of Reward, follows the theory of being requirement of Reward. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Comparative Study of Hiring of Persons with Employment Contracts, Reward Contract (Jualah), and Contract-Work under Iranian Legislation and Islamic Jurisprudence
Abolfazl Sobhikamal Gholamali seifiAn employment relation can be classified under such terms as employment contract, reward contract, or contract work based on the related rules and regulations of hiring of persons. Since the inquiries about the disputes related to some of these contracts is within the a MoreAn employment relation can be classified under such terms as employment contract, reward contract, or contract work based on the related rules and regulations of hiring of persons. Since the inquiries about the disputes related to some of these contracts is within the authority of certain judicial and administrative specialists, and due to the fact that the succession of decrees and effects of each of these relations becomes the reference for the drawee in the recognition of their duties including the reference to another authority or establishing its competence over the probe into the nature of the disputes and decision on the respective measures and criteria of the procedure, it is essential to formulate proper definition of each of the aforementioned relations and also the results and effects of each. This paper is dedicated to a description of the following terms: hiring of persons, employment contract, reward contract, and contract work, and using a deductive- analytical method examines the similarities and differences among them and concludes that employment contract is a developed form of hiring of persons and contract work is some form of reward contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Effect of Promotion Tournament on Organizational Labor Productivity Enhancement: The Case of Kale Company
razieh kardgar Ghahraman Abdoli ءMohammad Hossein Dehghani FirouzabadiThe theory of tournament which seeks a way of enhancing labour motivation and promote their performance through structuring remunerations might be one of the most common strategies to promote employees’ effort and eliminate employers’ asymmetric learning. Th MoreThe theory of tournament which seeks a way of enhancing labour motivation and promote their performance through structuring remunerations might be one of the most common strategies to promote employees’ effort and eliminate employers’ asymmetric learning. The structure of the reward is designed in such a way that upon observing the production level, the amount of reward is proportionate to varying amount of effort different laborers invest. The purpose of this research was to consider the extent to which the tournament theory might be employed to promote Iranian employees’ motivation and increase their performance, and thereby, that of national organizations. The research data were collected from a sample of employees at Kalleh Company in 2016. The research questions were answered using Multiperson Tournament with N employees and N reward. The findings indicated that keeping the reward constant, the tournament size could not significantly impact the effort level nor could the amount of reward. Hence, neither of these might be considered as motivation promoting devices to optimize performance. On the other hand, firms prefer larger tournaments with regard to the constant cost required for executing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Sharing knowledge: Analyzing role of effective factors on it and ranking factors
Reza Esmael pour Seyed Hesam Kashani hani nikookarKnowledge sharing is one of the most critical steps in knowledge management activities. To achieve effective knowledge sharing, it is important to encourage workers to share their knowledge. To remain competitive in the marketplace, organizational knowledge and expertis MoreKnowledge sharing is one of the most critical steps in knowledge management activities. To achieve effective knowledge sharing, it is important to encourage workers to share their knowledge. To remain competitive in the marketplace, organizational knowledge and expertise must be shared. However, successfully exerting this encouragement is very challenging. This paper investigated the motivators of knowledge sharing and the benefits of such behavior. The nature of research method is descriptive-correlation and the goal is to make it applicable. Both field and library methods used to collect data. To study research literature and background the library based method was used and to achieve research goal field method was used. Data was collected through a questionnaire from 121 employees in corporation of Kerman copper. After answering, questionnaires were analyzed with correlation statistical technique and variance analysis (scheffe test) using SPSS 20 software. The results suggested that knowledge sharing behavior was motivated by organizational-culture dimensions (such as management support, reward policy and trust to peers) and the system technical characteristics (such as system quality and service quality).Too, Results show that one factor, namely trust to peer shaving upper priority than else factors that this shows, if employees trust together, will share itself knowledge and Eventually will increase organizational productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Factors Affecting Talent Management with a Focus on Internal Reward: A Case Study of Barfab Company
Hadi Ghaffari Mojtaba Rafiei Shahnaz SahranavardEmployee talent management is of strategic importance for all organizations worldwide. Organizations are facing with numerous problems related to attraction and maintenance of the talented personnel needed to support their operations. Organizations that experience high MoreEmployee talent management is of strategic importance for all organizations worldwide. Organizations are facing with numerous problems related to attraction and maintenance of the talented personnel needed to support their operations. Organizations that experience high rates of personnel quit need to enhance their methods of recruiting, professionally developing, motivating, retaining and transferring their talented employees within the organization. This applied descriptive ex-post-facto study examined the factors affecting talent management with a focus on internal reward in Barfab Company, Shahr-e-Kord in 2017. The research population consisted of 1347 employees 300 of whom were selected randomly. The data collection instrument used was a piloted questionnaire which was proved valid and reliable. The collected research data were analyzed using Lisrel, structural equation modeling and factor analysis. The results revealed that the four facets of social responsibility, management support, performance management and internal rewards had significant effects on talent management and that talent management had significant impacts on job satisfaction, organizational success and reduction of tendency to quit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Satisfaction of the Students of I.A.U of Shirvan and its Effective Social Factors
Ali Akbar Mahmodzade Raziyeh Azarinia -
Open Access Article
29 - Studying the Relationship between Regular Marketing and Re-buying Behaviors in Chain Stores of Gorgan City
M. T. Jalali Gorgan H. Mehrani -
Open Access Article
30 - Optimal Maintenance Algorithm for Distribution Network in Presence of Incentive Regulation
Iman Khonakdar Tarsi Mahmud Fotuhi Firuzabad Hosein Mohammadnezhad-Shourkaei Mehdi EhsanDue to the complexity of distribution networks, preventive maintenance is very important. Incentive regulation is also one of the factors influencing the performance of distribution companies, which in turn complicates maintenance planning. This paper addresses the issu MoreDue to the complexity of distribution networks, preventive maintenance is very important. Incentive regulation is also one of the factors influencing the performance of distribution companies, which in turn complicates maintenance planning. This paper addresses the issue of preventive maintenance planning to enhance reliability in the presence of reward and penalty as a motivational factor. Therefore, the profit function of the distribution company, which includes the cost of repairs and reward-penalty, is optimized. In the incentive model for measuring the performance, reliability indices are compared by feeders, and in contrast, the repair program is obtained for each feeder separately. Due to the different causes of feeder failure such as their structural properties and weather conditions, increasing the accuracy of performance comparison from companies to feeders, in addition to penalties and rewards assigning leads to maximise the impact of maintenance at the level of their reliability and is accompanied by cost savings. For this purpose, the information of a real network including 194 feeders is considered as primary data. After categorizing the feeders and calculating penalties and rewards, the profit from the provision of services are optimized by BPSO method. As a result, the preventive maintenance program is obtained separately for feeders for three general categories of frequent failures, which includes substation failure, line failure and tree branch collision in a period of 5 years. The optimization results show that the proposed method, while maximizing the profits of distribution companies, also improves their performance in terms of reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of Services and Facilities of Tobacco Companies Ion Tobacco Crop in Malakand Division, Pakistan
Faheem Khan Bilal Ahmad Badar Siddiqui Nowshad Khan -
Open Access Article
32 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the internal rewards of human resources
Iman Sharifi malikeh beheshtifarInternal reward means when a person's work and duties have value for him, and paying attention to it increases work motivation. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the internal rewards of human resources in Rafsanjan University o MoreInternal reward means when a person's work and duties have value for him, and paying attention to it increases work motivation. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the internal rewards of human resources in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2022.Research method: This research was conducted using descriptive-survey studies in the statistical population of 144 staff members of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and a statistical sample of 12 experts until theoretical saturation. To identify effective factors, library studies were used, and to influence factors and their prioritization, Fuzzy Dimetal technique and network analysis process were used.Findings: The findings showed that the index of managerial factors had the most influence with other factors and the index of giving valuable rewards had the most influence on other factors. Also, managerial factors, ethical leadership behavior, individual factors, working environment conditions, implementation of successful strategic planning, employee motivation mechanisms, job and employee fit, using employees' opinions in the way of rewarding, giving valuable rewards, respectively in the first to ninth priority were placedConclusion: It is very important to pay attention to internal rewards in order to achieve internal reinforcements in the work environment. To get this important, management factors and ethical leadership behavior should be considered by organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Qualitative Modeling of Human Capital Strategies in Sepeh Bank of Iran with an Emphasis on Organizational Structure Change
Shahriyar Emamdoust Harehdasht Musa Rezvani Chaman Zamin Morteza HazratiThis research has been done to design the model of human capital strategies in Sepeh Bank of Iran, emphasizing changing the organizational structure. The research method is qualitative, and the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The statistical populat MoreThis research has been done to design the model of human capital strategies in Sepeh Bank of Iran, emphasizing changing the organizational structure. The research method is qualitative, and the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The statistical population of the current research is 543 people, provincial managers, district affairs management, human capital management, Sepeh Bank managers, and public administration faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Gilan province. The research participants, with the purposeful sampling method, are 22 people, including 15 managers at different levels of Sepeh Bank and 7 university professors. The interview and data collection process were stopped when the data collection reached saturation. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data, and open, central, and selective coding of the interviews was done with the Max Kyuda 2020 software. The findings of the research indicated that for the qualitative design of the human capital strategies model in Sepeh Bank of Iran, with an emphasis on changing the structure, in the education and development subsystem, to the educational needs, educational effectiveness, and career advancement path, in the reward and compensation subsystem, the strategy And the policy of payment and welfare plans, innovative methods of reward and reward for service and organizational targeted reward, and in the subsystem of employee relations, special attention should be paid to the strategy of employee relations, interaction and participation of employees and the optimal design of structural change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Attitudes of Librarians of Mazandaran Province of Public Libraries toward Knowledge Management
Hasan Siamian Afsaneh Shahrabi Fahimeh BabalhavaejiPurpose: the purpose of this study is to measure Mazandaran Province public librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management including trust, reward system, openness, cooperation, and knowledge sharing Methodology: The study is an applied research, and survey me MorePurpose: the purpose of this study is to measure Mazandaran Province public librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management including trust, reward system, openness, cooperation, and knowledge sharing Methodology: The study is an applied research, and survey method is used. 110 librarians of Mazandaran Public libraries took part in this survey. The research measured viewpoints of librarians in 9 months during 2010-2011. Questionnaires 'Cronbach's Alpha about confidence, attitude, cooperation, and reward, and openness in communication was 73%, and about attitude and knowledge management was87 % .SPSS v.17 is used in this study. In the analysis Pearson correlation coefficient R for testing hypotheses is used. Findings:Results showed that there is a meaningful relation among correlations across the variables of attitudes to knowledge management, trust, openness, and reward of librarians of public libraries of Mazandaran province and knowledge sharing. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of greater cooperation between librarians for promoting the development of knowledge management, collaboration, and knowledge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigate the effected factors on the knowledge management maturity in Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality
Ali AliMohammadi Abdolreza Sobhani Alireza Ebrahimpour Bahram AlishiriThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the effected factors on the the knowledge management maturity in Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research population comprised 2500 employees in Art and Cult MoreThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the effected factors on the the knowledge management maturity in Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research population comprised 2500 employees in Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality out of whom a sample 384 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 5 factors and 25 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and F-Test used indicated that human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, implementation of knowledge management strategy, redesigning the reward system, and redesigning the structure had a significant effect on the knowledge management maturity in Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Rūmī’s Literal Approach to Embodiment of Actions
Bahādor Namdārpour Alirezā Pārsā S. Ali Alamolhodā MohammadSādeq VāhedifaEmbodiment of actions is an expression that explains reward and punishment of people’s good or bad deeds on the Day of Judgment. In Islamic theology, two different interpretations have been proposed to explain it: a-figurative interpretation, b-literal interpretat MoreEmbodiment of actions is an expression that explains reward and punishment of people’s good or bad deeds on the Day of Judgment. In Islamic theology, two different interpretations have been proposed to explain it: a-figurative interpretation, b-literal interpretation. Approving any of these two views affects human beliefs, behavior and changes one’s view about the Day of Resurrection. Approving literal interpretation leads to strengthen the faith to the Day of Judgment, to acceptance of being certain Divine reward and punishment and to manage one’s behavior and views. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors of the present article try to consider embodiment of actions, the advantage of literal interpretation over figurative one and to study Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī’s literal interpretation about embodiment of actions. As a result, Rūmī’s literal account of embodiment of actions is reasonable; it explains better the Divine reward and punishment and shows the influence of man's good and bad deeds in the hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A study of the epistemological foundations of illuminative “estrangement of consciousness” and explanation of its aesthetic requirements
Nariman Khalili ensha'Allah Ramati Mohammad ArefIn this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowl MoreIn this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowledge. Sheikh Ishraq considers that the inference and opening of what science is? What its foundation is? And how it is understood? By referring to the knowledge in presence. The present study shows that the guide and common point of aesthetics of agent of species and the epistemology of "return to me" by the earthly self will be in the meta-historical process. Sohrevardi's anthropology has led to one of the most basic themes of Corbin, namely the estrangement of consciousness. In this article, based on the origin and function of "fall down", the existence focused on the other side of death has been interpreted in the movies with the theme of estrangement of consciousness. In the narratology of films with the theme of stranger consciousness it was found that in the three - dimensional unity of story (narrator, narration and the object of narration) the narrator is the subject and also the theme and object of epic. To analyze these epistemological foundations and aesthetic accessories, Henry Corbin’s phenomenological method has been used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - مقایسه قدرت پیش بینی بازده مورد انتظار سهام با استفاده از مدلهای CAPM و Reward Beta
فرزین رضایی بیت اله اکبری مقدم علی نوروزی -
Open Access Article
39 - Tendency to street violence and related social factors (Case Study: Citizens Over 15 Years Old in Ardabil)
Mirmostafa Seyyedranjbarsaggezchi farough amin mozaffari davood abdollahiStreet violence is one of the social pathologies caused by unhealthy human relationships, which is due to social structures, and every society can be understood by considering its situation in terms of these pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to inves MoreStreet violence is one of the social pathologies caused by unhealthy human relationships, which is due to social structures, and every society can be understood by considering its situation in terms of these pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with street violence among citizens aged 15 and over in Ardebil. Method: The method of research is survey and data gathering tool is questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, 432 people were sampled out of 373320 citizens aged 15 and over in Ardebil. Findings: The finding indicate that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of research and street violence based on Pearson correlation coefficient. Among Demographic variables, the average tendency to street violence was significantly different according to education. According to the results of the multivariate regression model in simultaneous method, the variable cost-reward analysis with coefficient (0.310) and the objective experience of street violence and social anomy, respectively, with coefficient (0.222), (0.116) are correlated with the dependent variable. In the multivariate regression model, the education variable had a significant relationship with the dependent variable. Finally, independent variables have been able to explain 30 percent of the variation of the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effect of organizational climate, reward and job motivation on teachers' organizational commitment
lila faraghatOrganizational climate, organizational reward, job motivation, organizational commitmentOrganizational climate, organizational reward, job motivation, organizational commitment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles, and the Attitude towards Organizational Change
Mahdi Farazja Mohsen KhademiAbstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research cons MoreAbstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research consisted of all Fars Province Educational Office experts in academic year 2007-08. The sample consisted of 202 male and 28 female experts. Two instruments were used: one was designed for transformational leadership and the other for measuring attitude towards organizational change. The first questionnaire consisted of five dimensions: 1. Charismatic leadership 2.Intellectual stimulation 3.Individual consideration, 4.Contingent reward, and 5.Management-by-Exception. Of the five, the last two dimensions belonged to the transactional leadership. The second questionnaire consisted of three dimensions including 1.cognitive, 2.affective, and 3.behavioral. The reliability and validity of the instruments were measured and approved. In order to analyze the data, statistical techniques such as Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Regression were used. The results were indicative of several points: There were significant relationship between charismatic leadership (r=0.32, p<0.01) and cognitive dimension; intellectual stimulation with cognitive(r=0.21, p<0.01) and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; contingent reward with cognitive (r=0.28, 0.01), affective (r=-0.15, p<0.01), and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; management-by-exception and affective (r=-0.20, p<0.01) dimension, but the relationship between dimensions of transactional leadership and affective dimension of the attitudes towards organizational change was negative. Results also showed that charismatic leadership dimension was capable to predict affective (β =0.52, P<0.003) and cognitive (β =1.1, P<0.001) dimensions and that contingent reward was capable to predict behavioral dimension (β=0.41, P<0.001) of the attitude towards organizational change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Mowlana’s Masnavi
Iraj ShahbaziAct alongside solemn belief and verbal acknowledgement constitutes one of the three pillars of Religiosity and in fact without it the spiritual path of man comes to a halt. Mowlana is among the eminent mystic thinkers who has paid much attention to the issue of &l MoreAct alongside solemn belief and verbal acknowledgement constitutes one of the three pillars of Religiosity and in fact without it the spiritual path of man comes to a halt. Mowlana is among the eminent mystic thinkers who has paid much attention to the issue of ‘Act” throughout his noble oeuvre Masnavi. His accounts in this regard are so vast and deep that presenting them is beyond the scope of this article but since a large part of Mowlana’s sayings is concerned with the rewards of act and he has analyzed this issue at length from different angles hence the present article concentrates on the relationship between deed and its reward attempting to compile, classify, and analyze his ideas on this issue. In general, he puts forward the following concepts: Indestructibility of deeds, definite reward in return for deeds, unity of deed and reward, the relationship between suffering and spiritual seizure with misconduct, visualization of deeds, dreadful mistaken deeds, inadequacy of deed for attainment of the truth (non-action), the inevitable spreading of traces of deeds, and finally an act without expectation of a reward. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Jurisprudential-ethical analysis of wife's reward in the family environment
Ali akbar TaheriThe wife's salary is one of the financial rights of the wife, which has faced different approaches compared to other rights such as alimony and dowry. The findings show that doing housework is not considered one of the wife's shari'a duties and she can refuse to do it o MoreThe wife's salary is one of the financial rights of the wife, which has faced different approaches compared to other rights such as alimony and dowry. The findings show that doing housework is not considered one of the wife's shari'a duties and she can refuse to do it or ask for a wage for doing domestic activities; However, the cooperative approach of couples in the family environment, together with the evidences that indicate the well-being of couples towards each other, including Quranic and narrative evidences, the legislator's emphasis on the assistance of couples and the emergence of the custom of giving the wife's services at home, emphasizes the moral approach of the wife's reward. Also, the implementation of wife's services at home with the aim of achieving peace and happiness of the family and strengthening family relationships is emphasized and plays an important role in maintaining family unity and social values. The mentioned subject has not been independently researched, in this article, in a descriptive-analytical way, while explaining the juridical nature of the wife's ideal remuneration, he has investigated the moral aspects of this financial right. Manuscript profile
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