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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Nitrogen Supplies at Flowering on Dry Matter Production and Distribution, the Relationship Between Source Strength and Sink Size, and Yield Formation Processes in Wheat, Barley and Triticale
Masoud Ezzat ahmadi Mojtaba Hassanzadeh Ahad MadaniIn order to compare the yield response of wheat, barley and triticale to nitrogen, a split plot experiment was conducted in Mashhad during the 2017-2018 crop year. Nitrogen factor with two levels of non-foliar application (N1) and application of urea fertilizer 46% in t MoreIn order to compare the yield response of wheat, barley and triticale to nitrogen, a split plot experiment was conducted in Mashhad during the 2017-2018 crop year. Nitrogen factor with two levels of non-foliar application (N1) and application of urea fertilizer 46% in the flowering stage at a rate of 20 kg / ha (N2) were allotted to the main plots and cereal type factor in the subplots. The results showed that N2 treatment increased grain yield by 12.6%, which was mainly due to the increase in the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield formation from 43.6 to 51.2% and had little relationship with the efficiency of dry matter distribution to grain. Also, N2 treatment, despite a significant reduction in 1000-seed weight, increased the number of seeds per spike by 20.9% and grain weight per spike by 12.9%. Nitrogen foliar application increased the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield formation from 43.6% to 51.2% and decreased the rule of stem dry matter remobilization in yield formation from 72.4% to 53.4%. Despite having the same harvest index as wheat, triticale had 13.3% higher grain yield than wheat due to its higher biological yield. The amount of current photosynthesis in triticale was %46.8 more than wheat, but the relative contribution of stem reserves to yield formation was not significantly different. The main reason for the higher in triticale compared to wheat was the higher number of grains per spike, and the difference in grain weight was less important. The results indicate that grain weight is not affected by nitrogen uptake and transport processes and is mostly a function of photosynthesis. Based on these results, the source-sink balance in triticale resulted in higher yield of it compared to wheat and barley. It seems that nitrogen in the flowering stage can increase the yield of wheat and barley by preventing abortion of florets and increasing the size of the reservoir as well as improving the strength of the source by increasing the current photosynthesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation Response of Wheat Genotypes to Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer, Crop Production, Seed Growth Trend and Correlation Between Traits
Fatemeh Torfi -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment Effect of Spray Different level of Zinc and Magnesium on Crop Production and Agrophysiological Characteristics of Wheat
Sara Madeh Khaksar Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
4 - Influence of low electromagnetic field on photosynthetic apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar content in Lepidium sativum L.
Elham bagheri Abyaneh Ahmad Majd Sayeh JafariAbsract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (60 Hz) on photosynthesis apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar in Lepidium sativum L. Seeds were divided to dry and wet groups. In terms of wet group, seeds w MoreAbsract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (60 Hz) on photosynthesis apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar in Lepidium sativum L. Seeds were divided to dry and wet groups. In terms of wet group, seeds were soaked in water for 7 and 14 h. Dry and wet seeds were placed in the middle of a horizontally fixed coil and were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic of a magnitude of 3.8 mT, for 30 and 60 minutes. Results demonstrated that the amount of chlorophyll a and b did not show the significant increase and the amount of chlorophyll ratio did not have any significant decrease. In addition, carotenoid, flavonoid content and membrane lipid peroxidation increased significantly and the amount of soluble sugar content declined significantly. Results confirms that the influence of electromagnetic field on carotenoid and flavonoids as well as membrane lipids caused the decrease of photosynthesis efficacy, and consequently caused the decline of the amount of soluble sugar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effects of Salicylic Acid and Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) Extracts Application on some Physiological Traits of White Bean (Phaseolus lanatus L.) under Drought Stress Conditions
Sara Beigzadeh Abbas Maleki Mohammad Mirzaee Heydari Alireza Rangin Ali KhorgamiDrought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a s MoreDrought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a split-factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was performed at two different locations: Islamabad and Khorramabad. Main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm, 90 mm and 120 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation and sub-plots of 8 different levels of salicylic acidapplication (0.5 molar), no application of salicylic acid, 4 levels of seaweed extracts applications 0, 50, 100 and 150 grams. Results of this study showed that drought stress decreased the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, but the salicylic acid increased both the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Drought stress also increased proline content, ion leakage from the membrane and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the grain yield. Application of salicylic acid increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the response to salicylic acid was not similar in various levels of seaweed. The lowest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 120 mm evaporation and without application of seaweed. Highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and 150 g. seaweed treatment. Application of seaweed enhanced the grain yield production. Application of salicylic acid also, increased grain yield by 4.5%. According to the results of this study, it seems that application of salicylic acid and seaweed may reduce some negative effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of Foliar and Soil Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles on some of Physiological Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Drought Stress
Faride Behboudi Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi Sarvestani Mohamad Zaman Kassaee Seyed Ali Mohamad Modares Sanavi Ali SorooshzadehChitosan is a glucosamine polysaccharide deacetylated form of chitin species and could be used as biotic elicitor to improve secondary metabolites and as a fertilizer it controls the release of chemical compounds of toxins and stimulates germination and plant growth. Th MoreChitosan is a glucosamine polysaccharide deacetylated form of chitin species and could be used as biotic elicitor to improve secondary metabolites and as a fertilizer it controls the release of chemical compounds of toxins and stimulates germination and plant growth. Thus, to evaluate the effect of chitosan NPs on barley plants under late season drought stress, a factorial pot experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors were NPs concentrations at 4 levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm), method of usage at 2 levels (foliar and soil application) and irrigation regimes at 2 levels (normal irrigation and with-holding irrigation 15 days after pollination). Experimental procedure consisted of planting seeds, preparing chitosan NPs solution, and using solutions through soil and foliar application at three plant growth stages (tillering, stem elongation and heading). Results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased contents of carotenoid, chlorophyll a, the chlorophyll b, the total chlorophyll, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, grain yield, as well as, biomass. Results also showed that contents of soluble carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose, fructose, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) were increased. Also, under both irrigation regimes, application of chitosan NPs significantly increased the chlorophyll a, the chlorophyll b, the soluble chlorophyll and the glucose. Application of 60 and 90 ppm NPs significantly increased grain yield as compared to that of control. Signifficant diffrences for some traits under study between two usage methods of NPs were not observed. In general, application of chitosan NPs reduced negative effects of drought stress for barley plants and improved its growth and seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Soil Texture Affecting the Physiological Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress
Alireza Moeini Ali Neshat Najme Yazdanpanah Amin Pasandi PourIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60 MoreIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60, and 40%) and two soil textures (sandy and clay-loam) on biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (REC), proline content, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement based on complete randomized design in triplicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that water deficit stress caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a+b content, RWC, plant height, and dry matter production of maize. CAT, SOD, APX activity, REC, and proline were elevated with increasing water deficit stress levels. Application of SAP under water deficit stress increased the net photosynthesis (32.3%), stomatal conductance (38%), chlorophyll a+b (23.9%), RWC (11.9%), and dry matter production (24%), while it decreased REC (10.8%), proline content (66.9%), CAT (42.7%), SOD (33.2%), and APX activity (34.3%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that application of SAP (0.8 g.kg-1 soil) improved plant growth of maize under water deficit stress through increasing the water holding capacity in soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Response to Combined Salinity and Drought Stresses at Vegetative Growth Stage
Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh Hosein Babazadeh Hormozd Naghavi Ali Saremi Gholamhosein ShiresmaeiliThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of pla MoreThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of plant. For this purpose, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out at Agricultural Education Center of Kabotarabad- Isfahan in 2016-2017. In this study, response of spring safflower (Sofeh variety) to four salinity stress levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 dS/m) and four drought stress levels (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% F.C.) at vegetative growth stage were evaluated. The results showed that mean values of most traits were significantly reduced with increasing salinity and drought stress levels, in such a way that severe drought (Irrigation based on 40% field capacity) and salinity (15 dS/m) treatments produced lowest values for all traits. Seed oil content decreased with increasing salinity but this decrease (7.4%) was significant only at highest salinity level (15 dS/m). The highest level of combined salinity-drought stress decreased seed yield (87.13% decrease) more than the highest level of each of drought (71.40% decrease) and salinity (55.56% decrease) stresses as compared to control treatment (without drought and salinity stress), and the share of drought stress in reduction of seed yield was higher than the salinity stress (71.40% and 55.56%, respectively). Thus, growing safflower with minimum loss of seed yield, by irrigation with 80% F.C. and water salinity with 5 dS/m at the vegetative growth stage is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Irrigation Levels on Physiological Traits and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini Keramatollah Saeedi Mahdi GhobadiniaTo evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural MoreTo evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahrekord University in 2015. The main factor was three irrigation levels (100 % of full irrigation as control, 75 and 50 % of full irrigation) and the sub-factor was seven levels of plant growth promoting bacteria (no inoculation as control and inoculation with Bacillus SP. strain1, Bacillus SP. strain2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter Chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium lipoferum). The interaction effect of irrigation and bacterial inoculation on relative water content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, water use efficiency, number of capsules per plant, 1000 grain weight and seed yield were significant but non significant on seed number per capsule. The highest amounts of measured traits in each irrigation level were related to the bacterial treatments. The highest seed yield (with 62% increase) was obtained from Bacillus sp. strain1 in treatment and 100% of full irrigation as compared to that of control. According to the results of main effect of irrigation on number of seeds per capsule, full irrigation treatment resulted in highest number of grain per capsule as compared to the other levels. Among bacterial treatments, B. Amyloliquefaciens had the highest significant number of seeds per capsule, as compared with no inoculation treatment. The effects of treatments of Bacillus SP. strain1, B. amyloliquefaciens and A. Chroococcum treatments were more pronounced as compared to other bacterial treatments traits studied under normal and stress conditions. According to the results of this research, flax seed treatment with plant growth promoting bacteria is recommended flax seed production under water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Its Split Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) Cultivars
Mahsa Mansouri Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Abdolali Gilani Shahram Lak Mani MojdamTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen rate and its split application on seed yield and nitrogrn use efficiency (NUE) of quinoa cultivars, experiments were performed during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons as factor split plot based on randomized complete block desig MoreTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen rate and its split application on seed yield and nitrogrn use efficiency (NUE) of quinoa cultivars, experiments were performed during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons as factor split plot based on randomized complete block design with three repetitions at Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center Station. Experiment treatments were nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1) as the main factor and four levels of split nitrogen fertilizer applications (50% basic + 50% six-leaf, 50% basic + 25% Six-leaf percentage + 25% mid-flowering, 25% basic + 50% six-leaf + 25% mid-flowering and 25% basic + 25% six-leaf + 50% mid-flowering) and three cultivars of quinoa (Gizat, Q26, Titicaca) as sub-plot. The results showed, SPAD, height plant, number of plant branches, number of panicules per area unit and seeds per panicule as influenced by nitrogen content × split × cultivare, interaction. The years× nitrogen rate×split application× cultivar intractions were significant on plant height, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yields, harvest index and NUE. The highest seed yield under all different levels of nitrogen was related to cultivar Q26, in both years by the use of 200 kg of nitrogen, the highest seed yield in the first year belonged to at 25% base application + 50% at six-leaf stage+ 25% at mid-flowering stage and in the second year, to at 50% as base application+ 25% at six-leaf stage+ 25% mid-flowering stage. Highest NUE belonged to Gizal (52.8 g.kg-1) and Q26 (51.8 g.kg-1) cultvars from 200 kg.ha-1 nitrogen by split applications of 25% base + 25% at six-leaf stage+ 50% at mid-flowering stage, while in second year from 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. In general, climatic conditions and split application of fertilizer were effective roles in increasing the efficiency of nitrogen consumption. Thus by the use of proper management seed yield can be increased and the risk of its production decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Responses of Seed Yield and Morphophysiological Traits of Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) cv. Gohar to GDD and Plant Density in Ilam Region
Abas Soleymani Fard Rahim NaseriTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with MoreTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in summer of 2016 in Ilam region. The first factor, planting date, consisted of three GDD of 1910 GDD, 1740 GDD and 1485 GDD (planting dates of 10 and 25 July and 5 July) and the second factor plant spacings on the row consisting of four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) with 50 cm between rows (40, 20, 13.3 and 10 plants.m-2,respectively). The results showed that leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content, pods.plant-1, pods.m-2, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were affected by planting date× plant distances on the row. The highest chlorophyll content (1.85 mg/g fresh weight), pods.plant-1 (44 pods), pods.m-2 (507 pods), grain yield (3149 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (50.2%) were obtained at 1740 GDD and 15 cm plant distances on the row. According to the results of this experiment, the highest grain yield and yield components belonged to the planting date of 1740 GDD (planting dates of 25 July) with 15 cm plant distances on the row (13.3 plants.m-2) in Ilam region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Response of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Zinc and Iron at Irrigation Cutoff Conditions
Mojtaba Afshari Ahmad Naderi Mani Mojadam Shahram Lak Mojtaba AlavifazelThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in north MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in northwest of Ahvaz. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of water deficit stresses at three levels, complete irrigation, cutoff irrigation both at the vegetative growth stage (12-14 leaf) and early seed growth stage, sub-plots were zinc sulfate foliar application at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) and sub sub-plots foliar solution of iron sulfate at three concentrations (0, 3 and 6 g.L-1). The results of this study showed that increasing ZnSO4 concentration from zero to ten per thousand at constant levels of FeSO4 application (6 per thousand concentrations) resulted in increase in leaf area index under water deficit condition at the vegetative growth stage and beginning of seed growth stage. The lowest current photosynthesis was obtained in the absence of foliar application of zinc and iron. The lowest content of intercellular carbon dioxide was obtained at the beginning of seed growth stage when irrigation was stopped. The use of zinc and iron sulfate increased the values of this trait and removed the photosynthetic limitations. The highest yield of ear was obtained in complete irrigation with 6 per thousand concentration FeSO4 spray (9135.66 kg.ha-1), which increased by 25.1% compared to non-spray at this irrigation level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of the NPK Nutrition of Henna Ecotypes (Lowsonia inermis L.) Based on Photosynthetic and Growth Indices in Shahdad Area
Amin Pasandi Pour Hassan FarahbakhshDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In MoreDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In this study, response of three henna ecotypes (Bam, Shahdad and Roodbar) with four fertilizer combinations consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: K: P, 0: 0: 0, 100: 50: 50, 200: 100: 100, 300: 200: 150 kg/ha) were investigated for some growth indices like CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The results indicated that the highest mean of CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and total dry yield belonged to Shahdad ecotype. While, there was no statistically significant difference between the Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes for leaf dry yield. The effect of NPK nutrition treatment on the most of traits measured was significant at 1% probability level. The highest mean of traits measured belonged to NPK combination of 300: 200: 150, while the difference was not significant from 200: 100: 100 for leaf dry yield and RGR. In this study, the interaction of ecotype and nutrition was not significant for the traits under study. Therefore, according to the results, it can be concluded that Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes and combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a ratio of 200: 100: 100 are appropriate for henna in Shahdad climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of flooding tolerance in two-year-old seedlings of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
ghasem ali Parad Masood Tabari Kochaksaraeai Ali Khodadost Sid Ehsan Sadati Nabi AziziThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days un MoreThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days under continuous flooding, temporary flooding treatment (for 60 and 42 days drainage, respectively) and control. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis rate were progressively decreased by flooding while all seedlings survived at the end of flooding. Also, flooded plants were able to adequately recover their physiological activities. In addition, height, root length, leaf area, and biomass accumulation of seedlings decreased under flooding conditions (particularly in continuous flooding). Diameter growth on the other hand, increased in seedlings subjected to temporary flooding. Overall, the results showed that two-year-old seedlings of F. excelsior had a suitable response to flooding stress until day 60. After 42 days drainage, the physiological characteristics of the seedlings were recovered. Generally, on the basis of the findings in this research, it is expected that F. excelsior can be used for the purpose of restoration of lowlands and wood production in areas subjected to periodic flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of cold stress on survival and gas exchanges of olive seedlings (Olea europaea L.)
Khadijeh Mohadjeri Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei Sadati Seyed Ehsan Ali KhodadustCold tolerance is one of the important factors in the distribution of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and gas exchange responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) seedlings to low temperature and freezing stress. For this purpose, 144 two- MoreCold tolerance is one of the important factors in the distribution of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and gas exchange responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) seedlings to low temperature and freezing stress. For this purpose, 144 two-years-old potted seedlings of olive (cultivar yellow) with averaged height of 30 cm were examined as factorial in a completely random design (CRD) with 3 replications. Seedlings were exposed to six temperature levels (+2, -5, -7, -10, -16, and -20° C) for 1 and 3 hours. Gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were measured for each treatment in three steps: before stress, immediately after stress, and 12 days after stress. Results showed that in each temperature level net photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration reduced in both 1 and 3 hours chilling and this reduction was higher in seedlings subjected to 3 hours chilling. Olive seedlings exposed to -10, -16 and -20 °C temperatures were dead while in seedlings subjected to -7 °C and higher temperature (under both 1 and 3 hours chilling) gas exchange variables were recovered on day 12 after the stress. In general, this research revealed that olive seedlings (cultivar yellow) are able to tolerate low temperature up to -7°C for 3 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Resistance comparison of one-year old seedlings of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under soil contaminated by lead
Hooman Abbasi Mohammadreza Pourmajidian Seyed mohammad hodjat اصغر فلاحIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrc MoreIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrcanian forest Acer cappadocicum and Fraxinus excelsior at seedling stage. In this regard, one-year old seedlings of both species were grown under different concentrations of lead including 0, 100, 200, 300,400, and 500 milligram lead per kilogram soil during a growth season. During a growth season photosynthetic indexes such as gas exchange, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and substomatal CO2 concentration as well as growth and biomass allocation were studied. The results showed that the presence of lead as a heavy metal led to decline of photosynthesis performance of both species but the inhibitory effects of Pb was less in seedlings of ash. Height and diameter growth as well as seedling biomass of both species were decreased by negative effects of lead but there was no considerable difference between two species. Our finding showed that under the experimental condition, there was no significant difference between resistances of two native species to lead contaminated soil but for making a better decision, further studies are necessary with stronger contamination and for a longer period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of external abscisic acid on some physiological factors and gas exchanges of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia cv. Organic Munestead) in response to drought stress
Hossein Gorgini Shabankareh sarah khorasaninejad vahid shariati hasan soltanlooIn order to study the effects of irrigation and abscisic acid regime on physiological factors and gas exchanges of Lavandula angustifolia CV. Organic Munestead, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications MoreIn order to study the effects of irrigation and abscisic acid regime on physiological factors and gas exchanges of Lavandula angustifolia CV. Organic Munestead, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Plant Production faculty of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, during growing season of 2016- 17. The treatments were four levels of irrigation regimes (30-40, 50-60, 70-80 and 90-100 percent field capacity) and Abscisic acid including three levels (0, 15 and 30 Mm/L). The results showed that irrigation regimes increase chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, gas exchange and RWC. Abscisic acid had significant effect on all traits except of carotenoid content that except to efficiency of water consumption was Abscisic acid 15 Mm/L, the others were the highest in Abscisic acid 30 Mm/L. Also interaction effect of irrigation regimes and Abscisic acid was significant for all traits except of chlorophyll a+b. Abscisic acid 15 Mm/L spray and irrigation regimes 30-40 percent field capacity increase 25.04 and 38,75 in efficiency of leaf water consumption and efficiency of water consumption, respectively. Generally, Abscisic acid 15 Mm/L application and irrigation regimes 30-40 percent field capacity Introduces the best treatment, due to the lower consumption of water and the use of Abscisic acid in stress conditions, higher levels of Abscisic acid can be achieved in inducing drought tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic responses of sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.) under different irrigation regimes
Mohammad Amini Hossein Ajam Noruzi Abolfazl Faraji Bahram Majd NasiriIn order to determine the water requirement of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 at Ardestan Station, Isfahan. The experiment was carried out in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included 3 ir MoreIn order to determine the water requirement of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 at Ardestan Station, Isfahan. The experiment was carried out in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included 3 irrigation regimes (D1: irrigation after 60 mm, D2: irrigation after 120 mm, D3: irrigation after 180 mm evaporation from small tub evaporation) and 5 sunflower cultivars (Azargol, Prograss, Gabur, Hysan 25, and Hysan 36). Results showed that under non-stress and moderate stress, Azargol and Prograss cultivars had the highest rate, in terms of seed filling period, the weight of 1000 grains, stem diameter, and head diameter. Under severe stress, Prograss and Gabur cultivars were remarkable, so that Prograss cultivar had the highest seed filling period, weight of 1000 grains, stem diameter, and Gabur cultivar had the highest number of budding, number of flowering, and stem diameter. In the study of physiological characteristics, results showed that under non-stress and moderate stress chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and net-photosynthesis in cultivars Progerass and Gabor were significantly increased compared to other cultivars. In severe stress conditions, the Progress and Gabor cultivars in chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content were superior to other cultivars. The results of proline analysis indicated that proline leaf content increased significantly with water stress. Among the cultivars under severe stress conditions, proline leaf content in Progerass and Gabor cultivars was significantly higher than other cultivars. The results of this study showed that Azargol, Gabor, and Progerass cultivars are more tolerant than Hysan 25 and Hysan 36. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparison of the effect of silicon and nano-silicon on some biochemical and photosynthetic traits of Zea mays L. under salinity stress
Mahbobeh Zarooshan Ahmad Abdilzade Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Pooyan MehrabanjoubaniSalinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of MoreSalinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of the effects of salinity stress on some photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were studied in corn. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in a pot culture. The first factor was salinity at two levels including 0 and 100 mM NaCl and the second factor was silicon at three levels including control (without silicon) and 2 mM potassium silicate and 2 mM nanosilicon (SiO2). Under salinity stress, the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, the chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, and the amount of soluble protein decreased significantly compared to the control. In contrast, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased in these plants. Also, the photosyntheic rate and water use efficiency of plants decreased under salinity. The application of silicon and nanosilicon improved the growth of plants under salinity and increased the photosynthetic rate and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, severe reduction in transpiration under silicon application compared to nanosilicon resulted in the increased water use efficiency in this treatment. Silicon application also increased the activity of soluble peroxidase enzyme in plants under salinity, a result which was not observed with nanosilicon application. This resulted in a further decrease in hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation of plants under salinity treated with silicon compared to nanosilicon, which showed a further decrease in oxidative stress in this treatment. These findings indicated that stress reduction and growth improvement of the plants under salinity with silicon application were more than the treatment with nanosilicon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of flavobacterium, vermicompost, and humic acid on current photosynthesis, dry matter translocation, and grain yield of Triticosecale Wittma L. under salinity stress conditions
sara mohammadi kalesar lou Raouf Seyed sharifi Hamed Narimani Zhila NazariA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental fact MoreA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental factors included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control and soil salinity of 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and bio-fertilizers (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, flavobacterium, vermicompost + flavobacterium + humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid). Results showed that the highest leaf area index, root weight and volume, and leaf protein content were recorded in combined applications of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar application of humic acid under non-salinity conditions. Also, combined application of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar humic acid under non-salinity conditions decreased dry matter translocation from stem, shoot, and its contribution to grain yield by 31.97, 40.8, and 138.84% respectively while increasing grain yield, current photosynthesis, and contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield by 69.56, 151.44, and 48.3%, respectively compared to no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity. Based on the results, it seems that the application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase current photosynthesis and its contribution in grain yield of triticale by improving leaf area index, root weight, and volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects, mechanisms and applications of agricultural biotechnology to improve salinity stress on wheat growth
Rahim NaseriWheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and is a staple food for more than one-third of the world’s people, supplying about 20% of total protein and daily calories Salinity is a major threat to agriculture, currently, more than 20% of agricultural land is MoreWheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and is a staple food for more than one-third of the world’s people, supplying about 20% of total protein and daily calories Salinity is a major threat to agriculture, currently, more than 20% of agricultural land is affected by salinity, which is expanding day by day and already affects almost 954 million hectares of the world’s total land area. Salinity stress has an adverse impact on photosynthesis by destroying chlorophyll pigments. In fact, under salinity stress, stomal closing results in a reduction in the photosynthetic rate of the plant. salinity stress induces a number of negative effects including physiological and biochemical changes which manifest as a reduction in plant biomass and wheat yield. Therefore, to better understand the behavior of wheat to salinity stress, basic measures and approaches should be considered to deal with and reduce the effect of stress. Various approaches such as the use of mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting bacteria, seed priming, molecular techniques and applications of agricultural biotechnology can be implemented to improve growth and yield under salinity stress. In this paper, the effects, mechanisms and applications of agricultural biotechnology were discussed to improve the growth and yield of wheat under salinity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A review of the effects of drought stress on plants and some effective strategies in crop management
Amin Fathi Abbas Maleki Rahim NaseriThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the su MoreThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the successful production of plant products around the world and has adverse effects on the morphological and physiological activities of plants. Adaptation to the effects of drought stress is the result of changes in growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that cause changes in growth rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic process and enzymatic activities of plants. Drought stress disrupts photosynthesis in plants and gradually reduces carbon dioxide uptake due to closed pores. In addition, drought stress affects the stability of cell membranes and disrupts plant water relationships by reducing water use efficiency. Plants adopt different mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Proper management is very important to prevent the adverse effects of drought stress. Today, researchers are trying to reduce the effects of drought stress by spraying with hormones or hormone-like, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizae, and resistant cultivars. In this paper, we investigate the effects of drought stress on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Also, some crop management methods have been proposed to overcome the destructive effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the effect of biochar obtained from Azolla filiculoides on the morphophysiological characteristics of Kochia prostrata L. under drought stress
Fateme Heydari Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Yahya Kooch Mahdi AbdollahiWater stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that harms the growth of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Plant traits reflect their response and adaptation to environmental changes, which play an essential role in predicting various environmental effect MoreWater stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that harms the growth of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Plant traits reflect their response and adaptation to environmental changes, which play an essential role in predicting various environmental effects on plants and plant processes. In order to investigate the effect of biochar on the morpho-physiological characteristics of the species (Kochia prostrata L.) in water shortage conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse condition. Drought stress treatments included four levels (25, 50, 75, and 100% of the field capacity), and biochar treatment included four levels (control, 5 g, 15 g, and 30 g). Morphological traits (plant height, root length, aerial biomass weight, and root biomass weight) and physiological traits (photosynthesis, plant water potential, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) of the target species were assayed under drought and biochar treatments. Results showed that the interaction effect of drought stress and biochar on all characteristics except for plant height was significant. Moreover, the main effect of drought stress on all characteristics except for photosynthesis and water potential and also the main effect of biochar on all characteristics except for root length) were significant. The treatment with 30 grams of biochar caused an increase in morphological characteristics (root length, plant height, and plant biomass) by 22%, 36%, and 50%, respectively, compared to the control; this treatment also caused a significant increase in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance by 107% and 32%, respectively compared to control. According to the findings, the biochar treatment of 15 grams resulted in a better performance and can be suitable to increase the efficiency in the species under study. The results obtained from this research can be an essential step toward the practical use of biochar in restoration and improvement of rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Some Physiological Responses of Nostoc sp. JAH 109 to the Combination Effects of Limited Irradiance, pH and DIC Availability
shadman Shokravi Fariba Amirlatifi maryam Safaie ن Ghasemi neda SoltaniGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorg MoreGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorganic carbon availability. Nostoc sp. JAH 109, can be considered as an alkalophilic organism. Optimal growth rate were observed at pH 9. Size of phycobilisomes and relationship between photosystem II and photosystem I increased in pH 9 and DIC available condition. This strain could not grow well in acidic condition, but neutral and alkaline condition cause active carbon dioxide concentration mechanism system. The pattern of nitrogenase activity seems more or less regular and linear at the first days after inoculation both in neutral and alkaline conditions. With respect to nitrogenase activity, the highest rate was in pH 9 and DIC availability. This seems true for heterocyst frequency fluctuations too. The higher photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) per unit of chlorophyll was resulted in higher DIC concentration at alkaline condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of pH on Photosynthesis in native cyanobacterium Fischerella sp.
Shadman Shokravi neda soltaniStigonomatalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. is one of the few native strains in Iran that has relatively enough information about the operation of its photosynthetic machinery in different conditions of acidity and alkalinity. This information is the result of studie MoreStigonomatalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. is one of the few native strains in Iran that has relatively enough information about the operation of its photosynthetic machinery in different conditions of acidity and alkalinity. This information is the result of studies conducted from 2004 to the present. In this article, the most important results related to these articles are considered. The results show that this cyanobacterium is alkaliphile. Under alkaline condition (pH 9) and limited light intensities (2 micromoles of quanta per square meter per second), the highest rate of oxygen liberation is observed. Under these conditions, alpha and Ik reach their highest and lowest levels. Photoinhibition is not observed up to a light intensity of 1400 μmol quanta per square meter per second. Light-harvesting complexes are fully structured in both the phycobilisome and carotenoids. The activity of photosystems, especially photosystem two, reaches its maximum. The ratio of photosystem two to one is at the highest. The transition from these condition to acidic causes a significant reduction in all of these characters. Transition to extreme alkaline conditions (pH 11) at salinity higher and lower than 80 mM causes damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, oxygen liberation, and reduction of the photosystems ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی رنگدانه های گیاهی موجود در گیاه دارویی سماق (Rhus coriaria L)
عذرا عرب مجید طالبی بدرالدین ابراهیم سید طباطبایی مهدی رحیم ملکمقدمه و هدف: در داخل کلروپلاست برگ، رنگدانه­های گیرنده تابش خورشید وجود دارند که انرژی را به مرکز واکنش آغاز فتوسنتز انتقال می­دهند. مهم­ترین این رنگدانه­ها کلروفیل­ها هستند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی رنگدانه­های فتوسنتزی موجود در گیاه دارویی سماق Moreمقدمه و هدف: در داخل کلروپلاست برگ، رنگدانه­های گیرنده تابش خورشید وجود دارند که انرژی را به مرکز واکنش آغاز فتوسنتز انتقال می­دهند. مهم­ترین این رنگدانه­ها کلروفیل­ها هستند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی رنگدانه­های فتوسنتزی موجود در گیاه دارویی سماق (Rhus coriaria L.) جمع آوری شده در دو فصل بهار و زمستان بود. روش تحقیق: به منظور این هدف عصاره­ی برگی سماق با کمک استون 80٪ استخراج شد و در طول موج های 645 نانومتر برای کلروفیل a، 663 نانومتر برای کلروفیل b و 470 نانومتر برای کارتنوئید در سه تکرار (برگ­های فوقانی، میانی و تحتانی) به روش اسپتوفتومتری اندازه گیری شدند. داده­ها با استفاده ازنرم افزارآماری Statistics ver.8 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. مقایسه میانگین داده­ها توسط آزمون چنددامنه­ای دانکن در سطح 05/0 >p انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی داری بین مقدار رنگدانه­ها در فصول­ مختلف وجود دارد. مقدار کلروفیل a، b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید در فصل بهار به طور میانگین به ترتیب برابر با 78/0، 24/0، 02/1 و 32/3 میلی گرم در گرم برگ و در فصل زمستان به ترتیب برابر با 55/1، 46/0 ،01/2 و 61/6 به دست آمد. میزان رنگدانه کارتنوئید در گیاه سماق بیشتر از میزان هر کدام از کلروفیل­ها بود و به طور کلی میزان رنگدانه­ها در اوایل فصل زمستان بیشتر بود. هم­چنین به طور کلی مقدار کلروفیل a در مجموع در هر دو فصل بیشتر از کلروفیل b بود که این موضوع در گیاهان دیگر هم اثبات شده است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: کلروفیل، کارتنوئیدها و مشتقات آن­ها از رنگیزه های مهمی هستند که نقش آنتی اکسیدانی مهمی در گیاهان دارویی نظیر سماق دارند وجود مقدار زیادی از آن­ها در گیاه سماق، پتانسیل استفاده از آن در صنایع غذایی را آشکار می سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Morphological and physiological characteristics for evaluation of salicylic acid effects on Celosia argentea L. under salinity stress
Afsaneh Gholamzadeh Alam Sadegh Mousavi-Fard Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad -
Open Access Article
29 - Characterization of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Hybrids for Physiological Attributes and Grain Quality Traits under Heat Stress
Muhammad Yousaf Khadim Hussain Shahid Hussain Aamir Ghani Muhammad Bhatti Aamer Mumtaz Muhammad Khalid Asrar Mehboob Ghulam Mumtaz Muhammad Akram -
Open Access Article
30 - Plant sink-source relationships and carbon isotopic labeling techniques . Taher Barzegar* and Fatemhe Nekounam
Taher Barzegar Fatemhe Nekounam -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid chelator in the presence of chromium on growth and some physiological characteristics of sunflower.
Maryam Niakan Fereshteh Kaghazloo Kaghazloo -
Open Access Article
32 - تاثیر جدایههای قارچ تریکودرما بر تغییرات مرفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه گل مریم (Polianthes tuberose) تحت تنش خشکی
حمید رضا ذکاوتی محمود شور حمید روحانی سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی ابراهیم گنجی مقدمبه­منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایههای مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در Moreبه­منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایههای مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در سه سطح (0، 10، 20 درصد حجمی گلدان) و فاکتور دوم در هر دو آزمایش، سه سطح تنش خشکی (25، 50 ،100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج نشان داد هر دو جدایه در شرایط تنش، باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک زیستتوده و وزن خشک ریشه گل مریم در شرایط تنش شدند. وزن تر زیستتوده به مقدار 4 گرم در حالت تنش 25 درصد توسط جدایه Biو 14 گرم توسط جدایه 65 افزایش یافت که بیانگر افزایش رشد این گیاه در حضور قارچ تریکودرما میباشد. مقدار پرولین در جدایه 65 در سطح 20 درصد حجمی نسبت به سایر مقادیر همین قارچ در تنش 50 و 25 درصد افزایش یافت. میزان رطوبت نسبی و سطح سبز برگ با اعمال سطوح مختلف دو قارچ با افزایش سطح تنش افزایش یافت. به طور کلی به نظر میرسد که جدایه های Bi و 65 قارچ تریکودرما هارزیانوم تاثیرات متفاوتی در شرایط تنش خشکی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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33 - آیا پلیمر سوپر جاذب می تواند تحمل کم آبی گیاهان جوان مورد را بهبود بخشد؟
سمیه اسماعیلی عباس دانایی فرکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و Moreکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و 100درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC) و سه سطح SAP-A200 (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، کمبود آب خاک بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان جوان مورد تأثیر گذاشت. کاهش قابل توجهی در شاخصهای رشدی در تنش کم آبی (50 درصد FC) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد (100 درصد FC) مشاهده شد. پارامترهای فتوسنتزی، کلروفیل کل و محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) با افزایش تنش کم آبی کاهش یافت. در مقابل، میزان نشت یونی (EL)، مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، قندهای محلول کل (TSS)، نشاسته و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت افزایش یافت. کاربرد مقادیر حداقل SAP (1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) بیشتر این ویژگیها را در هر دو شرایط آبیاری خوب و کمآبی بهبود بخشید، به نظر می رسد در شرایط تنش های کم آبی متوسط و شدید نیاز به میزان بالاتر از SAP باشد. با این وجود، می توان ازSAP-A200 به عنوان یک روش کارآمد و اقتصادی برای استقرار سریع گیاهان جوان چوبی در مناطق کم آب استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - رفتار روزنه ای برگ بیدی (Tradescantia pallida) در واکنش به دمای محیط ریشه
نبی الله اشرفی عبدالحسین رضایی نژادتاثیر دمای محیط ریشه (25، 35 و 45 درجه) و مدت تیمار گرمایی (30، 60 و 90 دقیقه) بر تبادلات گازی و رفتار روزنه­ای در برگ گیاه برگ بیدی بررسی گردید. آزمایش در محیط کنترل شده و به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میزا Moreتاثیر دمای محیط ریشه (25، 35 و 45 درجه) و مدت تیمار گرمایی (30، 60 و 90 دقیقه) بر تبادلات گازی و رفتار روزنه­ای در برگ گیاه برگ بیدی بررسی گردید. آزمایش در محیط کنترل شده و به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میزان فوسنتز در گیاهان تیمار شده با دمای 25 و 35 درجه اختلاف آماری معنی­داری نداشته است. اگرچه، مساحت منفذ روزنه و عرض منفذ روزنه در دمای 35 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 25 درجه افزایش نشان داد ولی در دمای 45 درجه به شدت کاهش داشته است. همچنین میزان فتوسنتز و هدایت روزنه­ای گیاهان تیمار شده با 45 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 35 درجه به ترتیب 76 و 68 درصد کاهش داشته است. مساحت منفذ روزنه در گیاهان تیمار شده با دمای 35 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 25 و 45 درجه به ترتیب 27 درصد و 320 درصد بیشتر بوده است. مساحت منفذ روزنه بعد از 30 دقیقه تیمار با دمای 35 درجه، به­ترتیب 61 و 45 درصد بیشتر از زمان 60 و 90 دقیقه تیمار بوده است. شوک گرمایی 45 درجه در محیط ریشه در مقایسه با دمای 35 درجه موجب کاهش هدایت روزنه ای (81 درصد) و تعرق (60 درصد) می­گردد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که دمای ریشه بر رفتار روزنه­ای و تبادلات گازی موثر بوده و می­تواند در تولید گیاهان گلخانه­ای و در برنامه تغذیه مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Study of assimilate remobilization as affected by heat stress in rice cultivars in north of Khuzestan
Abdolali Gilani1 Seyed Ataallah Siadat2 Sami Jalali3 Kaveh Limouchi4An experiment was carried out to study of heat stress on assimilate remobilization of rice in north of Khuzestan province in a split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blokes design with three replication in 2006 and 2007 at Shavoor Agricultural Research Station MoreAn experiment was carried out to study of heat stress on assimilate remobilization of rice in north of Khuzestan province in a split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blokes design with three replication in 2006 and 2007 at Shavoor Agricultural Research Station, Dependent in Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Khuzestan. For exposing rice cultivars to different higher temperature regimes, main plot were assigned to three sowing dates from 5 May, 26 May and 16 Jun and cultivars were; Hoveizeh, Hamar (heat tolerance) Ghermez Anbori, Champa (heat sensitive) and Danial (relatively heat tolerant) were in sub-plots. Results showed that the highest dry matter redistribution was in Ghermez Anbori and heat tolerant cultivars. The grain, stem and leaf portions were significant on sowing date and cultivars. The second and third planting dates and heat tolerant cultivars had higher content. The highest remobilization, current photosynthesis and the portion of organs in filling grain yield were 1140.8 kg.ha-1, 3923.3 kg.ha-1, and 22.5%, respectively, in 26 May planting. But the highest share portion of current photosynthesis in grain yield was in 5 may in the planting date. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of amounts and nitrogen fertilizer splitting on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of wheat (cv. Chamran)
Morteza Khanjani1 Abdollah Bahrani2*This experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications during 2014-2015 in Ramhormoz, Khozestan province. The experiment consisted of two factors: nitrogen fertilizer rates: (zero, 50, 100 and 200 kg per hectare) and MoreThis experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications during 2014-2015 in Ramhormoz, Khozestan province. The experiment consisted of two factors: nitrogen fertilizer rates: (zero, 50, 100 and 200 kg per hectare) and split nitrogen application included: T1 = (50% at planting + 50% at stem elongation), T2 = (33% at planting + 33% at stem elongation + 33% before ear emergence), T3 = (25% at planting + 50% + 25%at stem elongation before ear emergence) and T4 = (25% at planting + 25% + 25% at stem elongation before ear emergence + 25% in the milky stage. The results showed that difference between the levels of nitrogen fertilizer in plant height, number of spikes per square meter, grain number per spike, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and the amount and efficiency of current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability and remobilization rate of dry matter at 5% level of probability. Effect of split application of nitrogen on plant height, number of spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability and the efficiency photosynthesis current at 5% level of probability was significant. The interaction of the amount and nitrogen fertilizer splitting on biological yield and efficiency of dry matter remobilization and efficiency of current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability was significant. The highest grain yield was in N2 (100 kg ha nitrogen) with 5.5141 kg/ha and fertilizer splitting in T3 (25% at planting + 50% + 25% at stem elongation before ear emergence) 4.4592 kg/ha, respectively. The greatest amount and efficiency of current photosynthesis were observed in N2 (100 kg/ha nitrogen) and T3 (25% planting + 50% + 25% stem elongation before Ear emergence). In general, consuming 100 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer with T3 splitting (25% planting + 50% stem elongation + 25% before Ear emergence) increase yield and yield components compared to other treatments and it can be recommended in the region of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Changes in Chlorophyll a concentration in coral Porites compressa in The Nay of Band Bay
M. Bolouki Kourandeh S.M.B. NabaviChlorophyll a concentration as one of the zooxanthellae's photosynthesis pigments shows coral's health. To determine the chlorophyll a concentration in Porites compressa in Persian Gulf two locations in North and South of Nay Band Bay was chosen. Sampling was conducte MoreChlorophyll a concentration as one of the zooxanthellae's photosynthesis pigments shows coral's health. To determine the chlorophyll a concentration in Porites compressa in Persian Gulf two locations in North and South of Nay Band Bay was chosen. Sampling was conducted by underwater scuba diving in February, May and August in 2008 which the highest mean concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.828±0.043 μg/cm2 in south of Nay Band Bay in cold season and the lowest mean concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.604±0.048 μg/cm2 in north of Nay Band Bay in warm season that have significant differences (P<0.05). The objective of this study was to determine the chlorophyll a concentration in Porites compressa to estimate coral reefs health of Nay Band Bay, finally it was found that Corals in North of Nay Band Bay, which are closer to the petrochemical pollution sources, showed more signs of degradation in comparison of the corals in south of Nay Band Bay which are farther away from these industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of microbial fertilizers on the chlorophyll a fluorescence responses of tomato plants
Saber Nezamivand Chegini Mojtaba Jafarinia Ali Akbar Ghotbi RavandiBackground & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a MoreBackground & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a fluorescence changes of tomato seedlings.Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design. The bacteria were Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas putida and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans; and biofertilizers were nitroxin, biosporphosphate and biosulfur. Chlorophyll a fluorescence changes were recorded using a Handy PEA device and analyzed by the JIP-test method.Results: The results showed that the use of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum caused L band formation about 15 microseconds after light exposure, which revealed an improvement in the grouping and connectivity of antenna chlorophylls with photosynthetic reaction centers. Besides, the formation of the K band about 0.3 milliseconds after light exposure showed that the performance of the water-splitting complex was increased under the influence of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum. The increase in electron transfer efficiency and the rate of reduction of the end electron acceptors in photosystem I were confirmed by the formation of J, H, and G bands in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Conclusion: The results of this study proved that the best photosynthetic performance in tomato plants including electron transfer between carriers of the photosynthetic electron transport chain occurred in the nitroxin bio-fertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Impact of Salinity Stress on Photochemical Efficiency of Photosystem II, Chlorophyll Content and Nutrient Elements of Nitere Bush (Nitraria schoberi L.) Plants
Abolfaz Ranjbar-Fordoei Reza Dehghani-Bidgoli -
Open Access Article
40 - Dust Particles and Aerosols: Impact on Biota “A Review” (Part II)
Victor R Squires -
Open Access Article
41 - Effect of Salinity Stress and Salicylic Acid on Morpho-physiological and Growth Characteristics Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Borzou Yousefi Roya Karamian -
Open Access Article
42 - Impact of drought stress on photosystem II efficiency and pigment contents in Nitraria schoberi L. Plants
Abolfazl Ranjbar fordoei Seyyed Ali MousaviSome authors distinguished that N. schoberi often used as ruminant feeding systems or used as drought reserve to fill annual feed shortages within grazing systems. Environmental stresses such as drought stress affect plants photosynthetic apparatus directly or indirectly MoreSome authors distinguished that N. schoberi often used as ruminant feeding systems or used as drought reserve to fill annual feed shortages within grazing systems. Environmental stresses such as drought stress affect plants photosynthetic apparatus directly or indirectly. Several studies on chlorophyll a fluorescence yields base demonstrated that photosystem II (PSII) is highly drought resistance under water stress but photosynthetic, electron transport through PS II is inhibited. Several investigations have shown that the chlorophyll level decreases with aggravated drought stress. Drought stress treatments were prepared on base of soil water potential at field capacity (FC). The treatments were divided into five levels: T1 (FC = 100%), T2 (FC = 80%), T3 (FC = 60%), T4 (FC = 40%) and T5 (FC = 20%). In this study, photosynthetic apparatus of N. schobery, was damaged to a certain extent, as observed from leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as F0, Fm, Fv, qP and NPQ. A considerable decrease in pigment (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) content was observed at T4 and continued to T5. Thus, an important conclusion can be drawn from the results achieved through this study. Niter bush is considered to be a drought tolerant species. Our results indicate its ability to maintain high physiological activities when subjected to relatively high levels of drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Estimation of the leaf stomatal conductance in pumpkin under different nitrogen levels using leaf temperature
Mohammadreza Naderi Mohammad Bannayan Morteza Goldani Amin AlizadehSince stomatal conductance (gs) couples the crop photosynthesis and transpiration, estimation of gs is important for adopting management practices which can increase crop growth through efficient use of water. In the current study, a simple model based on temperature di MoreSince stomatal conductance (gs) couples the crop photosynthesis and transpiration, estimation of gs is important for adopting management practices which can increase crop growth through efficient use of water. In the current study, a simple model based on temperature difference between crop leaf and a reference surface was used for estimation of the leaf stomatal conductance. The model calibrated and validated using two years field experiment data with pumpkin carried out during 2013 and 2014 at Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Results showed that model had a very good performance and very accurately simulated pumpkin leaf stomatal conductance under conditions without nitrogen deficiency. Under nitrogen deficient conditions, by using the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), the good or very good performance and accuracy were obtained from the model. The relative difference (RD) between simulated and observed values of average of stomatal conductance during the growing season was ranged from 1.1% to 2.5 for non-nitrogen deficient treatments and from 2.8% to 5% for nitrogen deficient treatments. The accuracy and simplicity of the model and its low input requirements make it suitable for use in stomatal conductance based crop growth models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of foliar spraying of Silicon on the vegetative and reproductive charactrictics of strawberry in soilless culture
Mehdi Hosseini Farahi زینب محمد حسین پور بیژن کاوسیSilicon is one of the useful nutrient elements for plant growth that in soil cultivations, plant requirement to this element partly will supply but it may never be enough in soilless culture. However, the aim of this study was investigate the effect of Silicon (Si) on t MoreSilicon is one of the useful nutrient elements for plant growth that in soil cultivations, plant requirement to this element partly will supply but it may never be enough in soilless culture. However, the aim of this study was investigate the effect of Silicon (Si) on the qualitative and quantitative of two strawberry cultivars in soilless culture. This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized completely blocks design with three replications and three plants in each replication. The medium cultures that were include perlite and cocopeat (1:1) and an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse that located in the city of Yasouj. Spray of Si in four concentration (0, 200, 400 and 600 mgl-1 from Silisilic Acid source) and cultivars (Paros and Aromas), were investigated factors in this study. Characteristics such as number of leaf, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, yield of single plant, chlorophyll index and vitamin C were measured. Results showed that effects of Si and cultivar on the yield of single plant, fruit weight, number of leaf and chlorophyll index were significant. The highest yield of single plant was obtained in Paros cultivar with 1218 gr as compare to Aroms cultivar. Plant treated with Si 400 mg/l showed the highest yield to compare with control. So, application of 400 mg/l Si on Paros cultivar was recommended in soilless culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Effect of Water Deficit on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Vegetative Characteristics and Grain Yield of Corn Hybrids
houman homayouni victoria khazarian Mohsen SaeidiRestriction of humidity is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on chlorophyll fluorescence, vegetative characteristics and grain yield of corn, an experiment was conducted a spilt plot plan i MoreRestriction of humidity is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on chlorophyll fluorescence, vegetative characteristics and grain yield of corn, an experiment was conducted a spilt plot plan in the form of a completely randomized block design in triplicate in Karaj in 2009 and 2010. The main plots consisted irrigation, including full irrigation (I1), 12.5 % (I2), 25 % (I3), 37.5 % (I4) and 50 % (I5) water deficit, and the subplot consisted corn hybrids including SC704, SC500 and SC301. In terms of fluorescence chlorophyll parameters, in the Leaf10 stage and tasseling stage, there was a meaningful difference among corn hybrids, while in other cases a meaningful difference was not observed. The leaf area index, plant height and grain yield decreased by decreasing the amount of water in water deficit treatments. However, decreasing water to 12.5 % did not have a meaningful effect on the grain yield. The lowest grain yield was related to I5 (with performance of 2497 kg/ha). Among hybrids, SC704 (with yield of 4592 kg/ha) accrued the highest grain yield to itself. At the same time as the intensification of deficit irrigation, the decrease in the level of photosynthesis that occurred through decrease of leaf area played a more important role compared to photosystem II efficiency in grain yield. Moreover, due to the scatted data of the quantum yield of photosystem II achieved, which are affected by the environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Study the physiological responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by irrigation with magnetized water under drought stress
Omid SadeghipourIn order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at MoreIn order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at the basis of completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor consisted of two irrigation levels including irrigation after 50 and 100 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as control and drought stress conditions, respectively. The second factor consisted of two types of water including tap water and magnetized water. Results showed that drought decreased chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf area and net photosynthetic rate; nevertheless irrigation with magnetized water reduced drought damages via improving all of these traits. In irrigation with tap water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 8.70 and 5.60 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, in irrigation with magnetized water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 10 and 6.29 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Therefore, after supplementary field studies and observing magnetized water effect on yield and yield components and economical computing, this treatment, as simple, safe and practical method can use for improvement drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Some physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to foliar application of salicylic acid under drought stress
Fershteh Darabi Rahim Naseri Amir Mirzaei meysam moradiTo investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research C MoreTo investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh, Ilam during 2014-2015 cropping season. Experimental factors included Moisture treatments in three levels (control (100), 70 and 40 % Field capacity) In the main plots, Salicylic acid in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM) in the sub plot and two wheat cultivar (Bahar and Pishtaz) in sub sub plot. Studied traits in this study included yield, Relative Water Content, Stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity, Photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Electrolyte leakage and Sub stomatal CO2 concentration. The results showed that Triple interaction between drought stress, salicylic acid and Cultivars on all traits was significant. Although By increasing drought stress yield and Relative Water Content was significantly decreased, while the use of salicylic acid in this situation improve these traits. Also by increasing drought stress Electrolyte leakage were decreased, but the use of salicylic acid improved that. Photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity By increasing salicylic acid Decreased In comparison with control. In general, given the role of salicylic acid in reducing the negative impact of stress on some physiological processes that studied in this research, its application in drought conditions is advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effect of nano-potass fertilizer and methanol application on some physiological characters, yield and yield components of wheat
Ferdus Rezaie Mehrshad Barary Ali Hatami Hamid Hassanein KhoshroApplication of methanol foliar on aerial parts of plants increases their yield and accelerates their ripening and also the use of nano-fertilizers for precise control of nutrients release can be an effective step towards achieving sustainable agriculture. In order to ev MoreApplication of methanol foliar on aerial parts of plants increases their yield and accelerates their ripening and also the use of nano-fertilizers for precise control of nutrients release can be an effective step towards achieving sustainable agriculture. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of methanol and potash fertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized completely blocks design with three replications in 2015-2016 at Research Farm, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Factors included three levels of methanol (0), 10 and 15% by volume and three levels of nano-potash fertilizer (0), 2 and 4 per thousand. Results showed that foliar application of methanol had only a significant effect on harvest index. Effect of nano-potash fertilizer on spike per plant was significant. Interaction between nano-potash fertilizer foliar and methanol on grains per spike, plant height, grain yield, chlorophyll and carotenoids was significant, while there was no significant effect on grain weight and biological yield. The highest and the lowest of chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids contents were found in foliar treatment with 10% methanol and 4 kg nano-potash and control (no application), respectively. The highest grains per spike and grain yield were obtained with 15% methanol and 4 kg nano-potash compared to control treatment (40 and 45 percent), respectively. Overall, results showed that foliar treatment 15% methanol with 4 kg/ha nano-potash could possibly be useful to increase wheat yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil
Roghayyeh Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad Ahmad Tobeh Marefat Ghasemi Shahzad Jamaati-e-SomarinIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars MoreIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars (Includes: Uroom, Zare, MV-Magdalena, Soissons, MV-Toborzo, Mihan, Pishgam, FD-11111 and FD-12073) was done in Research Station of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ardabil in 2015-2016. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the lines and cultivars studied, for different traits. FD-11111 line has the highest number of grain per spikes, grain yield per square meter, the share in the filling and grain growth (7417.9 grams per square meter).The MV-bodri variety has the highest biological yield per square meter, the percentage of share the transfer process dry matter from shoot (19.723%) in the yield and maximum transfer of dry matter from total of shoots to the grain. The MV-Magdalena variety also has the lowest biological yield and highest harvest index, the highest percentage (47.797%) of dry matter remobilization efficiency of shoots and with 3.57 percent was the highest current photosynthesis efficiency. The highest current photosynthesis contribution in Zare cultivar (89.923 grams per square meter) that has the lowest proportion of dry matter remobilization was obtained. So generally can be said that was much higher current photosynthesis contribution in increasing grain yield, and FD-11111 line between studied genotypes, was the best lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Physiological responses of sweet corn under water deficit and nitrogen rates at different growth stages
A. Shahriari A.B. Puteh A.B. Abdul Rahim G.B. SalehWater deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll c MoreWater deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll content, pollen number and pollen viability, photosynthesis rate and stomata conductance parameters in two hybrid sweet corn ( 968 and 926) in greenhouse condition. The experimental layout was split plot factorial design arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010 in the Agriculture Crop Science, Putra University Malaysia (UPM). Treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (including irrigating all the growing season (control), vegetative drought, reproductive drought and vegetative and reproductive drought), three levels of Nitrogen as urea (40, 120 and 200 kg ha-1) and two varieties of sweet corn varieties (including hybrids 968 and 926), respectively. Results showed that the interaction effects of water deficit and Nitrogen fertilizer were significant and reduced leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomata conductivity under water and Nitrogen rate deficit. Also the results showed that water deficit at vegetative and productive growth stages reduced photosynthesis rate compared to normal irrigation by 54% and 84%, respectively. But Nitrogen treatments at 200 and 120 kg ha-1 did not show any significant decrease in stomata conductivity. Whereas. Proline content increased under water deficit. Pollen number reduced with water and nitrogen deficit. Pollen viability reduced only under water deficit by 39%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effects of humic acid and fertilizer containing calcium and boron (Calboron) on vegetative and reproductive properties of strawberry in soil-less culture system
M. Hosseini farahi R. Ameri Fahliani F. YosefiIn order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Calboron (Cal) and Humic Acid (HA) on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananasa Duch.) cv ‘Aromas’ a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block desi MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Calboron (Cal) and Humic Acid (HA) on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananasa Duch.) cv ‘Aromas’ a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design in hydroponic greenhouse. Treatments were included Cal in 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 and HA in 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 gl-1 concentrations. Chlorophyll index, plant yield, number of fruit per plant, length to diameter ratio (L/D) of fruit, total soluble solid (TSS), photosynthesis rate and fruit firmness were measured. Results indicated that application of Cal and HA were effective of yield, number of fruit, L/D, SPAD, TSS and fruit firmness. The highest yield, number of fruit and fruit firmness were obtained in interaction of Cal 4.5 and HA 3gL-1. The plants sprayed with Cal and HA had not significantly effect on photosynthesis rate. In general, application of Cal and HA for increasing quantitative and qualitative of strawberry cv ‘Aromas’ is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Physiological Responses of Some Rootstocks and Interspecific Hybrids of Pistachio to Cold Stress under Greenhouse Conditions
Hossein Sajadian Mansoore Shamili Hossein Hokmabadi Ali Tajabadipour Hojjat Hasheminasab -
Open Access Article
53 - Impact of Salinity on Growth Rate, Physiology, Elemental Composition, and NHX1 Gene Expression of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Cultivars
Ghader Amani Mansoore Shamili Ali Imani Amir Mousavi Hamed Rezai -
Open Access Article
54 - The Study of Different Water Regimes on Photosynthetic Performance and Leaf Water Status of Pistachio Trees (Pistacia vera L.)
Abolfazl Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
55 - Using an Infrared Gas Analyzer for Evaluation of Photosynthetic Activity in Some Iranian Pistachio Cultivars
H. R. Roosta A.R. Sajjadinia -
Open Access Article
56 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile
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