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Open Access Article
1 - The Role of road widenings in designing of mass public transportation systems in Mashhad
Houman Shadabmehr Mohamad Rahim Rahnama Mohhamad Ajza Shokouhi Ezatollah MafiToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the public transport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement, preventing capital waste and rea MoreToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the public transport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement, preventing capital waste and reaching to the sustainable cities. In Mashhad, two systems, namely Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are defined as the main public transport systems. This research has down with the aim of effect explain of city detailed design texture streets downtown road widening on the process of public transport route designing. It should be noted that the mean of widening is not the rampant road widening but it is just road widening according to approved urban detailed designs. Theoretical foundations of research is theory of urban sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Research data is obtained from data bank of Mashhad transportation comprehensive studies by documentary study. The most part of zoning in the city of Mashhad mean divided the city to 253 traffic zones has used in order to increase the accuracy of study. The routes of the main public transport lines have re-designed using ant colony algorithm. The algorithm objective function includes variables of population, employment and the surface of trip attractive land uses and the main limitation have been defined as width of streets in two case, present situation and widening streets. So, two reform options of mass public transport systems have been produced. Then, the access index has been measured based on Hansen relation in case of two mentioned alternatives. The research hypothesis testing showed that the access index in case of alternative which achieved road widening is significantly higher than the other alternative. The research results explain importance of city detailed design road widening in view point of improving main public transport routes and increase their efficiency. According to traffic problems of central business districts of mega cities and the consequences of this include air pollution and etc. it is necessary to adopt policies to deal with these problems. One of these policies is transferring trips from private cars to public transportation which requires efficient, reliable transportation. Based on previous studies, the most important performance indicator for public transportation systems is the level of access to such systems. Increasing the level of access to the main public transportation network which will be achieved in the event of implementation of the expected road widening in the city center's detailed plan can increase the use of public transport and consequently use less than personal vehicles. So, though, on the basics of planning sustainable cities, road widening is not a good way to overcome traffic problems but such modifications appear to be necessary in the minimum amount that would allow the design and implementation of a convenient and efficient public transport network. The result of this study proved the above hypothesis. This results reveal the importance of adherence to the results of urban detailed studies, including the development of urban road networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Examining the changes in the pattern of housing quality indicators related to the space syntax method(from the Qajar period to the present day)
atefeh jabbari Maryam Ghalambor Dezfuly hosein moradinasab Mahmoud Nikkhah ShahmirzadiThe lifestyle of the people of a region is introduced as the identity substructure of the native architecture of that region, which is derived from human needs at any time and place. In this study, the qualitative method of semiotics is used with the help of Space Synta MoreThe lifestyle of the people of a region is introduced as the identity substructure of the native architecture of that region, which is derived from human needs at any time and place. In this study, the qualitative method of semiotics is used with the help of Space Syntax software. which uses evaluation based on standard models to determine the main factors of housing quality, and then by simulating and examining visible graphs in Space Syntax software, it is possible to have a comprehensive understanding of how Changing the pattern of space arrangement in the local archetypes was achieved in the studied houses. The Saman region of Mashhad has provided a suitable platform for this study with the abundance of native houses in it. The results of this research showed that by specifying the signs in the qualitative patterns of the housing, it is possible to provide a quantitative reading of them by Space Syntax software.Culture and design in environmental designs and artefact architecture, which targets the audience, has been considered as a cultural image in a way that theorists believe is culture. Its manifestations appear not only in the perception of people, beliefs, values, norms, customs and behaviors, but also in the design of objects and the artificial environment, including houses and neighborhoods, may be influential and overshadow them. put put into question the effectiveness of the project (Isai Ghasemian Asl and Tahereh Nasr, 2017; Amirreza Sheikh Bahai, 2018). The spatial configuration of the house, its interior design (spatial organization), and the shape of the house in an area can support or hinder the culture of the residents (Ozaki, 2002; Rapaport, 1969). Rappaport Vallior recognizes cultural contexts as a factor in the formation of local architecture and as Rappaport states, space has meaning, Grote and Wang also emphasize the need for environmental designers to pay attention to the socio-cultural aspects that they are in. (Raphaport), 1969; Oliver, 2006). Therefore, the model of spatial organization and its configuration should be investigated in order to understand the relationship between the built spaces and the subsequent cultural design (Napadon, 2001). Dwelling culture (the way of life and manners resulting from it), and social culture (social relations, kinship relations, family structure, etc.) tells how the form and spatial organization of native houses are formed, which explains how architectural designers and planners work. . It deals with the continuity of cultural-social values of native built environments.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the semiotics in the housing quality section by benefiting from the data evaluation model based on the standard models in a multiple and hierarchical format and with the help of the Space Syntax software, a new reading of the native houses of Mashhad that are narrating. . The effect of lifestyle on the change and continuity of the spatial organization of houses is presented in order to be able to purposefully explain the reading of housing qualities, which can be used to improve the quality of today's housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Role of Road Widenings in Designing of Mass Public Transportation Systems in Mashhad
Houman Shadabmehr mohammad rahim rahnama Mohhamad Ajza Shokouhi Ezatollah MafiToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the publictransport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement,preventing capital waste and reach MoreToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the publictransport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement,preventing capital waste and reaching to the sustainable cities. In Mashhad, two systems, namely Light Rail Transit(LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are defined as the main public transport systems. This research has down withthe aim of effect explain of city detailed design texture streets downtown road widening on the process of publictransport route designing. It should be noted that the mean of widening is not the rampant road widening but it is justroad widening according to approved urban detailed designs. Theoretical foundations of research is theory of urbansustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Research data is obtained from data bank of Mashhadtransportation comprehensive studies by documentary study. The most part of zoning in the city of Mashhad meandivided the city to 253 traffic zones has used in order to increase the accuracy of study. The routes of the main publictransport lines have re-designed using ant colony algorithm. The algorithm objective function includes variables ofpopulation, employment and the surface of trip attractive land uses and the main limitation have been defined aswidth of streets in two case, present situation and widening streets. So, two reform options of mass public transportsystems have been produced. Then, the access index has been measured based on Hansen relation in case of twomentioned alternatives. The research hypothesis testing showed that the access index in case of alternative whichachieved road widening is significantly higher than the other alternative. The research results explain importanceof city detailed design road widening in view point of improving main public transport routes and increase theirefficiency. According to traffic problems of central business districts of mega cities and the consequences of thisinclude air pollution and etc. it is necessary to adopt policies to deal with these problems. One of these policies istransferring trips from private cars to public transportation which requires efficient, reliable transportation. Based onprevious studies, the most important performance indicator for public transportation systems is the level of accessto such systems. Increasing the level of access to the main public transportation network which will be achieved inthe event of implementation of the expected road widening in the city center's detailed plan can increase the use ofpublic transport and consequently use less than personal vehicles. So, though, on the basics of planning sustainablecities, road widening is not a good way to overcome traffic problems but such modifications appear to be necessary inthe minimum amount that would allow the design and implementation of a convenient and efficient public transportnetwork. The result of this study proved the above hypothesis. This results reveal the importance of adherence to theresults of urban detailed studies, including the development of urban road networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Qualitative Sustainability Assessment of the Large- Scale Redevelopment Plan in Samen District of Mashhad
Elnaz Sarkheyli Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Akbar Taghvaee -
Open Access Article
5 - Spatial analysis and explain the location model of vulnerable land uses in the face of abnormal crises (Case study: Mashhad)
Mohammad Reza Akhavan Abdollahian Seyed Moslem Seyedalhoseni toktam hanaee fatemeh mohammadniay gharaeiAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable MoreAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable uses in order to provide quick assistance in times of crisis.The present article seeks to locate these uses based on efficient criteria in the city of Mashhad.The method of the present study is descriptive and location and is applied in terms of purpose. Gathering information from library sources and published documents and statistics.Numerous criteria were determined using the opinion of experts and determining the degree of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and prioritizing vulnerable users was done with the help of confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical analysis and related software.Based on the combination of different layers of information, it was possible to determine the degree of vulnerability. Therefore, based on the analysis, some vulnerable areas are not in a good position in terms of criteria. A suitable model was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing the Relationship between Urban Management and Tourists' Responsibility (Case study of Mashhad City)
Roya shaddel ezatalah mafi maryam rajabiIntroduction: Urban areas, because they have many historical and cultural attractions, are often considered important tourist destinations. At present, urban tourism for many managers, city officials and good urban governance is considered a symbolic and economic matter MoreIntroduction: Urban areas, because they have many historical and cultural attractions, are often considered important tourist destinations. At present, urban tourism for many managers, city officials and good urban governance is considered a symbolic and economic matter of importance, which requires evaluation, definition and determination of goals, arbitration among various options in the field of investment and development, and creating a structure. Management is appropriate. The purpose of the research: to investigate the effect of urban management on the level of responsibility compliance by tourists. Method: The current research is descriptive in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of research method. To obtain the theoretical literature of the research, a descriptive and documentary method was used by reviewing the literature related to the concepts of urban management, responsibility and urban tourism. In order to collect data, the method of library and field studies was used with the questionnaire tool based on the Likert scale, and the statistical population of the research was formed by the tourists of Mashhad city. Findings: The general results showed that the averages of urban management and its dimensions in relation to the activities of the tourism service sector are medium to high, and the dimensions of social responsibility also have high averages. Research results: In general, it was found that urban management in Mashhad has a direct and significant effect on the amount and level of responsibility of tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Studying of natural opportunities and limitations of district 9 of Mashhad city to improve the green space by using SWOT technique
مریم ابراهیمپور رقیه رمضانزاده مهدیس فرقانیانIntroduction: Urban green spaces are an important element in structure of cities. From these spaces can be named as the urban breathing lungs that they have various functions such as: City beautification, environmental modulators and leisure. Also green space is as impo MoreIntroduction: Urban green spaces are an important element in structure of cities. From these spaces can be named as the urban breathing lungs that they have various functions such as: City beautification, environmental modulators and leisure. Also green space is as important and valuable criterion due to environmental, social, cultural and economic functions. Now days is panned, regardless of urban natural potential that we are seeing their effects in our cities. Studding of natural – environmental criterion is one of the basic steps for planning of green space that is led to sustainable city. Method: This research is applied and the research method is analysis – descriptive. Also data collected is documents – field. Generally we use from quantitative and environmental criteria. Then by helping them, we considering 9 district of Mashhad City. Also we use GIS software .at finally we use SWOT technique with determine Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and was provided Operational strategies to improve the green space . Finding: Studies about potential and limitations of District 9 in Mashhad, showed That the special position and having the potential. This area of green space, the region is poor. This city officials may require attention and consideration. Results : In order to improve the green space in District 9 in Mashhad, structural reforms should be considered. So, this reform could further improve green space And reinforce good norms, to ensure sustainability of the environment And on the other hand, the green level of development through the cultivation Of grass to the tree (with respect to the issue of cost and water supply), the long term, needs to be green space area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Urban Flood Hazard Zoning Using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (Emam Ali town, Mashhad city)
Mohammad Rostami Khalaj Dana Hesami Hossein salmani Teymor TymoriyanBackground and Objective: Inundation in urban areas due to dens storm has created many problems for all cities thorough the world. Urban flood hazard zoning may provide useful information for dealing with contingency and alleviating risk and loss of life and property.The MoreBackground and Objective: Inundation in urban areas due to dens storm has created many problems for all cities thorough the world. Urban flood hazard zoning may provide useful information for dealing with contingency and alleviating risk and loss of life and property.Therefore, in order to manage urban areas, take relief measures and prioritize areas to solve the problem of floods, the areas that are most affected should be identified. Method: Vulnerability of urban areas often includes multicriteria that are associated with flooding. One of the methods that are sufficiently accurate and available which can identify flood hazard zoning, is using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) that in this study was used to determine the potential of flood risk in urban area. Six variables include: distance to the main channel, slopes, land use, drainage density, slope of the main channel and elevation was used. After determining paired comparison matrix, layers weight was determined by using the knowledge of experts and experts in the region and finally the map of urban flood hazard were identified. Findings: Hazard Potential Map showed that 8.2% of the areas near to the outlet and located around the main channel are at highest hazard potential. Discussion and Conclusion: The results and field investigation showed multicriteria decision analysis is accurate and appropriate method for urban flood hazard zoning and using this method can identify areas with a greater flooding risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation and Analysis of Urban Parks and Eco-tourism Industry and Provided Strategic Plan by SWOT (Case study: Khorshid Park in Mashhad)
Mohammad Hossein Jahangir Mohammad FakurBackground and Purpose:In the past several decades, the ecotourism industry has a special place in the community nature and the environment, sustainable development and local revenues with significant growth. In this article, because of natural landscapes and pristine, MoreBackground and Purpose:In the past several decades, the ecotourism industry has a special place in the community nature and the environment, sustainable development and local revenues with significant growth. In this article, because of natural landscapes and pristine, and also because of the elevated area of clean air and a beautiful view of the city of Mashhad in the evening, the Khorshid forest park has a high potential for tourists attracting. Due to the large area and the local environment, this area has the visitors and tourists such as climbers during much of the year. Used methods:The aim of this paper is to examine the current situation of tourism and ecotourism area from different directions (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) which has created a mechanism to improve the situation. Studies in this paper based on the SWOT matrix analysis and analytic hierarchy process AHP have been done. Findings: According to the scores obtained from the final sum of internal factors, weights of strengths (with a final weight of 3.96) were found to be greater than the weaknesses, which indicates that the strengths of the park were greater than its weaknesses, as well as the existing opportunities, the threats are more that using the opportunities and strengths available to improve the current situation, park tried to provide the satisfaction of tourists more than ever. Discussion and Conclusion:According to calculations made and matrix analysis of SWOT, the Khorshid forest park showed the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the development of ecotourism are more. As a result, the park has a high potential to develop an ecotourism industry that requires planning and management to attract tourists and the nature of the ecological range of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comprehensive study of microbial contamination of drinking water in Mashhad
Farahnaz Molavi Ali Qaraee Najafabadi Negar Azani Zeinab Javanshir Mohadese Eslahi AmirHosein Alizade Faeze Gholami BaharObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality o MoreObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality of drinking water in MashhadMaterials and methods: This is a field research and a cross-sectional study. Sampling locations were determined by systematic sampling method. The drinking water of 15 selected stations was studied during 10 months from February 2019 to the end of December 2011. Each station was sampled 4 times in 4 different seasons. The samples were studied in three parts of bacterial, fungal and protozoan contamination assessment, according to existing standards.Findings: The microbial quality of Mashhad's drinking water supply sources was very favorable in terms of total and faecal coliform contamination and was in line with the national standard. From a total of 220 fungal colonies grown, 7 different genera of fungi were identified. In general, the average CFU of isolated fungi for samplesper 100 ml of water was 6.2.The most common isolated fungus was Aspergillus (40.45%) and the least isolated colony was related to Fusarium (1.3%). No samples of protozoans or cysts related to protozoans were observed in any station.Conclusion: According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization in 2006 for evaluating the microbial health of water, the drinking water quality of Mashhad was in accordance with the national standard. Mashhad's drinking water also contains various fungi. Therefore, it is suggested that in the regular monitoring of the urban water system in terms of microbial contamination, fungi should also be investigated as one of the important microorganisms. Regarding contamination with protozoa, no contamination was observed. In order to maintain the desirability of drinking water in Mashhad city, it is suggested that the water and sewage company continuously monitor the quality of drinking water sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the Relationship between the Perception of Safety and Security in Urban Sports Tourism and Its Effect on the Intention to Return to the Destination
Majid Amini Bagher Morsal Ali Fahiminejad Seyed Mostafa Tayebi SaniThe purpose of this research is to understand the safety and security in urban tourism and its effect on the intention to return to the destination, which was done case by case in the city of Mashhad. This research is applied and the method is descriptive-correlation. T MoreThe purpose of this research is to understand the safety and security in urban tourism and its effect on the intention to return to the destination, which was done case by case in the city of Mashhad. This research is applied and the method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research includes all tourists of recreational and sports places in Mashhad. The statistical sample based on Cochran's formula (with an error of 0.05) was considered equal to 384 people. The results showed that the highest average related to the component "If I travel to this region in the future, I will visit this tourist destination" with 4.10 and the lowest average related to the component "This destination will be my first choice in the future" with 88. It is 3. The results of the box test showed that the effect of gender among the respondents on the subscales of the perception of sports tourists in terms of safety and security of the destination is not significant. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANVA) in the group of sports tourists showed that age has a significant effect on some variables, and as a result, the research hypothesis is accepted. Also, the factor of the number of visits could not affect all the variables at the same time. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in the group of sports tourists showed that the number of visits has no significant effect on their perception of the safety and security of the tourist destination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Recognizing Cohesion’s components of the urban central Context with the connectivity approach in around area of Holly shrine of Imam Reza- mashhad city
Toktam Hanaee Fahime Jameie Seyed Jalal-Al-din Hosseini VaezThe speed of growth and development of cities in today's modern and postmodern world has caused confusion in spatial organization, the reduction of the value of urban spaces, the loss of human scale, the disruption of hierarchies between spaces, and identity problems in MoreThe speed of growth and development of cities in today's modern and postmodern world has caused confusion in spatial organization, the reduction of the value of urban spaces, the loss of human scale, the disruption of hierarchies between spaces, and identity problems in the central fabric of cities, While the urban context is a wide and interconnected area of different morphologies during the life of the city within the city limits in connection with the city. Therefore, the cohesion and continuity of the city are considered to indicate the way of formation and location of the important elements and parts of the city and their relationship with each other. In fact, the structure of every city represents the coordination of the physical space of the city with the mentioned conditions and factors on the one hand, and on the other hand, the connection and continuity between these factors, with this approach, the anchor and intermediate spaces around the important urban elements that connect and They play a central role in the city, become important. Therefore, this article seeks to measure the components of the central fabric's coherence with a connecting approach in the detailed area around Imam Reza's shrine. This research is quantitative in nature, in terms of the method of carrying out survey work and with an applied purpose, which was estimated with a sample size of 374 people using Cochran's formula, and factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the findings. Finally, the results of this article show that there is a significant and direct relationship between the level of coherence of the central area of Mashhad and the values of contextual, physical, and spatial interaction with the central index element, Imam Reza Shrine. In this order, the change in the value of the mentioned three interactive indicators can have a positive or negative effect on the increase or decrease of the cohesion of the central area of Mashhad city and cause structuring and breaking of its cohesion and integration.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In today's modern world and the rapid development of cities confuse the spatial organization, devalue places, neglect the human scale, disrupt the hierarchy between spaces and identity problems in the central context of cities and cohesion in the structure, in addition to the city Meaning most is a continuous combination of urban spaces that, relying on the importance of physical-spatial integration in the central area of cities, it is necessary to create a hierarchy between urban life to achieve a religious arena. This paper implies a unifying and connecting quality, especially in the articulated and anchorage tissue, so the connection between the elements must be logically functional to expect a coherent and understandable structure from it. In order to respond to the intended objectives and evaluate the role of the degree of connection and logical communication of the physical components of the tissue structure in an integrated context, this paper has used the factor analysis method with a practical approach.Methodology: The research method of this paper is quantitative, which has interpreted the degree of correlation and the extent to which the indicators affect each other with a practical purpose in the field of texture structure coherence. The sample size is estimated using Cochran's formula with a sampling error of 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%, and according to the statistical population in the central area of Mashhad, which is equal to13868 people, the sample size is estimated at 374 people. Relying on the main purpose of this paper, which is to evaluate and measure the correlation between the effect and degree of effect of role characteristics and articular nature of tissue on the degree of structure cohesion, first with factor analysis method The coherence of the mentioned structure, that this process has been done by examining and classifying the indices of articular tissue and the four physical elements of the urban texture structure based on the paired factor loads of each, so the focus of the measurement should be considered criteria taken from the texture. After recognizing the inherent existence of the target tissue, a correlation was assessed through a questionnaire.Results and discussion:According to the results of this paper, the importance of the functional-physical component and communication network can be understood. According to the above findings, the role of the components of the texture structure in the perimeter of the shrine of Imam Reza can be evaluated by maintaining a detailed role of four basic qualities that explain the nature of the connection in this space. Cohesive and communicative-simultaneos, is the flexibility of inclusiveness and inseparability. Perceptual and triple interactions derived from the studied context including contextual interactions, physical interactions, and spatial interactions is described.Conclusion: Based on the results of this article, all indicators related to the cohesion and cohesion of urban texture can be classified into four groups: "physical-spatial elements, communication network elements, visual and perceptual elements, and social (dynamic) function", which are described in the findings section. Results of this study show that there is a significant and direct relationship between the degree of texture cohesion in the central area of Mashhad and the values of contextual, physical, and spatial interaction with the central index element, namely the shrine of Imam Reza. Thus, the change in the value of these three indicators can increase or decrease the cohesion of the central basin of Mashhad and have a positive or negative effect and cause structuralization or rupture of its coherence and continuity. Generally, The relationship between the physical-functional component and the communication network can be considered as one of the most important interactive and cohesive factors in the field of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effective Factors on the Distribution of Income from Religious Orientation (Case Study: Shahid Moshhad)
Rostam Saberifar Mahnaz Esmaeily -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation and Evaluation of the Ecological Architecture Components from the Perspective of Designers and Special Users in Multi-Functional Buildings Case Study: Padideh Complex of Mashhad City
Hamid HamedSardar saeid Tizghalam Zonouzi Shooka Khoshbakht Bahramani -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of urban sprawl phenomenon using F’ANP model
Sousan Shirvani Moghadam sanaz Saeedi mofradUrban development process has always been paid attention by different scholars and solving city problems has led to providing some views considering cities development. Urban sprawl is one of the city growth phases that have entered to urbanism literature from the secon MoreUrban development process has always been paid attention by different scholars and solving city problems has led to providing some views considering cities development. Urban sprawl is one of the city growth phases that have entered to urbanism literature from the second half of the twentieth century and nowadays it is one of the most important debates in the world. This study deals with urban sprawl measurement in Mashhad city. To measure this phenomenon based on F’ANP model, sprawl indicators have measured for 43 districts in Mashhad. The model results show that the five factors centering, density, mix use, acting space and accessibility influence the rate of sprawl in different districts of the city. The results show that the districts near to CBD have the least rate of sprawl. As the distance from the CBD increase, the sprawl intensifies, so that sprawl has occurred the most in the East, North East, North West and in the South. As one of the main reason, we can point to formation of big city blocks with industrial and military land uses and informal settlements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Investigation of the Criteria Affecting the Regeneration of Public Spaces with Emphasis on Citizens' Social Life (A Case Study of Midwest Zone of Mashhad)
Narjes Sadat Fatemi Manouchehr TabiybianUrban public spaces which are unfortunately forgotten are of the essential factors of life in cities. In this situation, one of the best ways is to revive these spaces and concentrate on the regeneration and rehabilitation of these spaces. The success of public spaces i MoreUrban public spaces which are unfortunately forgotten are of the essential factors of life in cities. In this situation, one of the best ways is to revive these spaces and concentrate on the regeneration and rehabilitation of these spaces. The success of public spaces is proportional to the rate of using public space and the presence of man and social life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effective criteria on regeneration of public space and social life in the streets. Therefore, various variables such as diversity of activity, flexibility, socialization, public spaces, dynamics, and the influence of behavioral patterns have been studied. The present study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. On the other hand, a researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection and the SPSS software was used for data analysis. A sample of 400 members of all residents and users of Mashhad, Ahmadabad, Sajjad, Kuhsangi and Shahid Ghanani streets were selected according to the Cochran formula. The results of the research indicated that functional components had a direct impact on recreation of public spaces, and among physical and functional components, functional component and its related indicators were proved to have the most significant impact on the recreation of public space and social life. In the understudy area; on the other hand, Sajjad street had the highest rating in all three criteria of behavior, body and performance. Ahmadabad then ranked the second, Kohsangi and Shahid Qarani streets ranked the third and fourth respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Actions of Mohammad Bager Pirnia during the governorship period in Mashhad
Hamzeh Kavosi Monirh kazemirashed Seyyed Hossein Raeis al-Sadat Sharzad SasanpurMashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical deve MoreMashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical development of the city is a continuous process during which the physical boundaries of the city and its physical spaces expand in longitudinal and transverse directions in terms of quantity and quality. The physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the annexation and integration of villages into cities and as a result the physical development of cities. The components of the development of Mashhad are: 1- How to spread new civilizational institutions in the city, 2- The arrival of new thoughts and ideas in relation to urban planning, 3- The existence of Razavi Shrine in order to accept immigrants and pilgrims and to settle it. in Mashhad. In this article, the examples of the physical development of Mashhad city and its surrounding issues are described and analyzed, and therefore, based on the nature of the subject, this research is presented in a descriptive and analytical method and based on library and documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Prioritization of tourist attractions with the aim of tourism development (Study area: Mashhad)
SEDIGHEH ZAKERI Tahereh SadeghlooTourism industry with direct and indirect employment and as a result, Make money for tourist destinations, Plays an important role in the region economy. To achieve this income, The tourist must first be attracted And in order to enjoy the benefits of tourism, Prioritiz MoreTourism industry with direct and indirect employment and as a result, Make money for tourist destinations, Plays an important role in the region economy. To achieve this income, The tourist must first be attracted And in order to enjoy the benefits of tourism, Prioritize tourists in choosing tourist destinations. So, considering that most tourists in Iran are domestic tourists because of limited foreign tourism And many domestic travels in Iran are also religious visits to holy places such as Mashhad and Qom; the purpose of this investigation, identification of priority of tourism attractions in Mashhad using entropy technique is VICOR and SPSS. The motivation for studying this research is to examine the welcome of tourists to all kinds of new and old attractions in this city. The results showed that in total, Imam Reza's port is the first priority of tourism attraction among tourists and officials studied and other tourist attractions are in the forefront. So the city of Mashhad has not been successful with the new attractions created for the development of tourism in this city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the factors affecting the formation of environmental citizenship(case study, the topic of non-separation of waste in Mashhad city)
Rostam SaberifarIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and soci MoreIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and social problems will be created, one of the most important of them is environmental pollution and the presence of garbage collectors in the city. This research was done in a descriptive and analytical way and in the form of an integrated approach of value, belief and Stern's norm. Its purpose was to determine the status of environmental citizenship in the field of participation in urban waste management based on the criteria of waste segregation in Mashhad city. To collect data, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used. The statistical population was the residents of Mashhad. Based on this, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 385 people. The results of the research showed that environmental citizenship in this city was not formed at least based on the criterion of waste segregation and its timely delivery. Therefore, non-participation in waste separation is related to various factors, some of which include: Negative attitude towards waste, belief in human superiority, weak knowledge and understanding, little collective supervision, avoidance of responsibility, selfishness, inappropriate personal behavior, villa housing, inappropriate access to urban facilities and infrastructure and marginalization. The final analysis showed that the variables included in the model explain almost half of the changes in the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Strategies for Realizing Smart Tourism in Mashhad City With a Scenario Writing Approach
Mahsa GhafourianMashhad, as one of the most important tourist destinations in the country, needs access to affordable accommodation centers, suitable parking places, information about weather conditions, shopping centers and souvenirs, and visiting tourist attractions. In this re MoreMashhad, as one of the most important tourist destinations in the country, needs access to affordable accommodation centers, suitable parking places, information about weather conditions, shopping centers and souvenirs, and visiting tourist attractions. In this regard, the aim of the research is to identify possible scenarios and strategies for the realization of smart tourism in Mashhad until the horizon of 1410. In the way of conducting the research, the primary variables have been discussed among ten experts through targeted non-random sampling using the Delphi method. In this way, effective factors and variables have been collected. Then, coding and definition of the primary variables have been done in Mic Mac software, and the cross effects matrix table has been obtained and given to 5 elite people for scoring in the range of 0 to 3. In the following, after analyzing the amount of direct influence, variables with high influence have been obtained, and according to expert opinions, among the variables with high uncertainty, the main drivers have been selected. Then, based on the snowball interviews with five experts, five descriptors and fifteen different situations, it was entered into the Wizad scenario software, and the raw interaction matrix was provided to the elites for scoring in the range of -3 to +3. Is. According to the comments, the standardized matrix and compatible scenarios have been extracted from the scenario wizard. Next, two critical drivers from scenarios compatible with high uncertainty were paired together and formed the logic of the scenario, and in line with the interviews conducted with 5 experts, the scenarios were described and interpreted in three situations: favorable scenario, continuation of the process, and disaster. has taken. Finally, according to the review of the current situation, strategies are presented with the SWOT model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Explaining the evolution of the use of moqrans in the architecture of Khorasan with the approach of investigation in the religious buildings of Mashhad
majid AziziThe use of moqrans as a decorative symbol has long been intertwined with the architecture of this land in Iran, and the architect has decorated the roof of the building using various methods of using moqrans and decorated the sky with the use of moqrans. The use of regu MoreThe use of moqrans as a decorative symbol has long been intertwined with the architecture of this land in Iran, and the architect has decorated the roof of the building using various methods of using moqrans and decorated the sky with the use of moqrans. The use of regular geometry, which is the essence of Iranian architecture, is an important principle in the use of moqrans and its execution, and the proportions used in the implementation of moqrans express nothing but the use of the special principles of traditional architecture of this land. Throughout the history, like other decorative arts, moqransazi has evolved in terms of the number of uses and the addition of materials. With the beginning of the building of mosques and schools of religious sciences in new and unique forms, this decoration opened a precious place for itself, and gained great importance. The architecture of Khorasan, due to its ancient history, is a testimony to the architect's skill in using types of moqrans in the traditional buildings of this country. Muqrans in different periods and also the diversity of its use in this city have been discussed From the point of view of the amount of usage, the Safavid and Timurid periods have the most use of moqrans, and from the perspective of the variety of use, the hanging moqrans has the highest amount of use in different historical periods, and the front moqrans has been used to a considerable extent in the Qajar era Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Wayfinding Behavior in Women and Men with Emphasis on Emotional Intelligence
shima abedi toktam hanaeewayfinding behavior in the urban space under the influence of information received from the environment, including location identification in terms of position and correct perception of spatial relationships between environmental elements, makes it easier to determine t Morewayfinding behavior in the urban space under the influence of information received from the environment, including location identification in terms of position and correct perception of spatial relationships between environmental elements, makes it easier to determine the route. Different people use different strategies in wayfinding according to environmental conditions and individual characteristics, and also the wayfinding behavior of women and men in urban space is different. It is also effective in the perception process of how to recognize the environment, and different cognitive factors influence the wayfinding behavior of men and women. Emotional intelligence is one of the influential factors in the field of psychology and can be related to factors such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and navigation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the wayfinding behavior of women and men with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and in this regard, field observations, questionnaires, and site visits were used to collect data. Based on the size of the community in Sajjad neighborhood, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 296 people, and the questionnaire was completed in the form of targeted sampling among men and women. Data analysis for the effect of emotional intelligence on routing has been done with inferential statistics tests in spss software, and after checking the normality of the data based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the correlation matrix of the variables, checking the correlation coefficient of the wayfinding variables of men and women, t-test analysis has been The results indicate that the wayfinding behavior of women and men is different and women use route and sign knowledge in wayfinding , women control less anxiety and worry in the wayfinding process and also have less self-awareness than men. Also, women feel more intimacy and empathy in communicating in wayfinding, but they have problems in managing stress and have low ability, and in contrast to men, they use the knowledge of coordinates and wayfinding in navigation. Also, men's stress management is high, and men's self-awareness and self-management are higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparative study of development levels in stable and unstable population villages
مریم قاسمیUndoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlemen MoreUndoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlements, the present research investigates the comparative aspects of development between two groups of stable and unstable villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The research tool is 380 household questionnaires in 41 sample villages in Mashhad city. Information was collected by documentary and survey methods. Sampling has been done by stratified method and the questionnaire contains questions that try to quantify the different dimensions of development in two groups of stable and unstable population villages in three dimensions and 62 indicators. Data analysis was done using inferential two-sample t and Yeoman-Whitney tests. The 20-year population balance of Mashhad city (65-85) shows that 74% of the rural settlements of the city with a negative population balance are immigrant-first and only 26% of the settlements with a positive population balance are receptive to immigration. A comparative study shows a higher level of development in the three economic, social and environmental dimensions in the population stable villages with 14.5, 21.4, 11.1 respectively compared to the demographically unstable villages with 13.3, 20.9, 9.1 respectively and in total the degree of development in the villages Stable population with 23.6 is higher than unstable population with 19.5. The results of this research can be used in development planning. Currently, most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) and efforts to improve the level of development in different dimensions in It reflects the low-population villages. most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) most of the rural areas and settlements of the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - An Investigation on the Suitable Features of Double-Skin Façade in Lines with Reducing Energy Consumption in Cold and Arid Climate: A Case Study of Mashhad City
Faranak Farhadi Nasab Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei Leila MirsaeediThis research deals with an efficient approach to achieve the optimization of energy consumption by emphasizing the selected and optimized features in the two-shell facade and in the form of a general question under the title that the application of two-shell facades in MoreThis research deals with an efficient approach to achieve the optimization of energy consumption by emphasizing the selected and optimized features in the two-shell facade and in the form of a general question under the title that the application of two-shell facades in towers How multipurpose can lead to reduction of energy consumption and thermal comfort in the cold and dry climate of Mashhad city. The crisis of energy is one of the greatest concerns that the world is facing today, especially in the area of building and architecture. Considering the limitations of determining the areas related to high-rise construction and compiling special construction rules in Mashhad city, in this dissertation, the researcher found the maximum height in the selected sample to be 150 meters with 34 floors as the first. and it is considered the tallest building in Mashhad city, in addition, according to the two tables and considering the most prominent tower in terms of being the tallest and also having the highest number of floors (on average), considering that Some of these towers are older in terms of age and have a lower height, and the towers under construction in Mashhad are on average taller than some of these towers, even though they are famous and prominent, and in addition One reason for choosing the tallest tower with the highest number of floors is that the effect of the variables investigated in this thesis increases with the increase in height, and in this thesis, solutions for the tallest towers are also supposed to be given. Accordingly, in order to investigate the function of double-skin facade and its effect in the climate of Mashhad City and to select a suitable option from amongst four types of double-skin facade, in the current study, first, four types of double-skin façade (multi-story, shaft-box, corridor, box-window) are considered in terms of energy in the climate of Mashhad City which is a cold and arid region, and the study is conducted on a multi-purpose and high-rise building in order to find the most optimal state for the region of Mashhad, and then the speed of wind and the air flow temperature in the façade shall be analyzed and the findings and conclusion of the study shall be presented The results of the study showed that the increase of the depth of middle hole leads to the improvement of the thermal function of the whole double-skin façade with an average of thermal comfort limit. Manuscript profile
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