• List of Articles Landfill

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The application of geomorphic agents in locating urban waste (Case Study: Mahshahr)
        مریم ایلانلو
        Solid waste is an inevitable human life and production of these waste materials in the quantities and qualities of the greatest environmental problem of our time is different. To reduce the negative impacts of waste, use of tools and technology necessary to find a suita More
        Solid waste is an inevitable human life and production of these waste materials in the quantities and qualities of the greatest environmental problem of our time is different. To reduce the negative impacts of waste, use of tools and technology necessary to find a suitable place to bury it seems. The aim of this study was to locate waste Mahshahr is using fuzzy logic model. Nyaza to collect data about topographic maps, geological, hydrological and climatic Nasl aerial photograph and land types were used in landfill and such. Accordingly, the layers away from rivers, residential areas, roads, wind direction, slope, geomorphology, land use and ARC GIS 10.2 was prepared.was. And finally North East city of Mahshahr was considered the most appropriate municipal solid waste disposal area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Location of the suitable landfill site using geographic information system (case study of heer district of ardebil province)
        Mahsa Shahab Masoud Mahdavi
        ◌Due to the growing human population on one hand and increasing industrial developmenton the other hand waste production is unavoidable. The main purpose of this research isspatial analysis operation with using GIS technology in order to locate the optimal range forthe More
        ◌Due to the growing human population on one hand and increasing industrial developmenton the other hand waste production is unavoidable. The main purpose of this research isspatial analysis operation with using GIS technology in order to locate the optimal range forthe landfill of heer district of ardebil province. for this purpose, in the first stage, using 12information layers which includes 9 layers of natural information (environmental) and 3layers of social intelligence economics which related to case study enter the ARC GISsoftware and landfill databases was formed. In the second stage information layers based onexisting standard of four organization:Environmental protrction Agency, the organization ofwater, earth and weather preservation of Canada, management and planning organization ofiran and Iran department of Environment with Network analysis process (ANP) in superdecision software and expert opinion of expert and specialist was weighting, categorized andapplied on the current layers. checking the initial result showing that resulting model of ANPnot only select the landfill are but also, offer other areas Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Landfill site selection by using AHP method (Case studdy Abdanan city)
        عزت ا... Ghanavati Vali Sorkhi
        Landfill is the most important and vital problems in the populous sites spatially in themain and expanding cities. In this research with nine factors such as: geology, lithology, hydrogeology, distance to inhabit and populous area, distance to road, distance tofault, di More
        Landfill is the most important and vital problems in the populous sites spatially in themain and expanding cities. In this research with nine factors such as: geology, lithology, hydrogeology, distance to inhabit and populous area, distance to road, distance tofault, distance to drainage, rain, slope and distance to site produce vast material, weselected the suitable site to landfill for Abdanan city.In this research Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was calibrated accordingto the local and zonal factors. The data layers were providing overlaid andprocessed by using GIS, RS in ArcGIS environment. According to the geological, environmentaland economical factors, the map of the best site for landfill was produced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - A Survey on locating of solid waste inhume in GIS by linear programing (case study: khorasan razavi state area)
        Heydar Lofti Yousef Ali Ziari Babak Sadeghi
        Solid waste is the natural outcome of human societies. Nowadays in Iran, the treat of mismanagmentof solid wastes are the main problems, in addition to the various other environment issues such as air and water pollutions. According to the problems of solid waste disp More
        Solid waste is the natural outcome of human societies. Nowadays in Iran, the treat of mismanagmentof solid wastes are the main problems, in addition to the various other environment issues such as air and water pollutions. According to the problems of solid waste disposal management in the county of Mashad. It is needed to select a site for land filling or in huming in a suitable place. For site selection, application of geographical information system(GIS) software is the scientific method. Factors and criteria such as topography ,slope,soil type, geology, hydrologhy, distance from surface water, ground water table, population centers and access road, sources of solid waste production and others are the base data for laying the maps are used in the GIS. This paper based on several maps 2 suitable and 2 very suitable sites were been found. All of the selected lands were acceptable for land filling. The municipality of mashad can choose each of the sites with respect to the cost of the financial badget.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Environmental Design of Civic Wastes Location, with Emphasis on Ecological Landscape Design (Case study: Kahrizak landfill of Tehran)
        seyed fazel ghazavi fereshteh habib Sara Nahibi
        10.30495/jest.2019.47021.4809
        Background and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a fra More
        Background and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a framework for reducing environmental degradation by adapting municipal solid waste management to environmental processes is expanding widely. Ecological design strives to maximize comfort by minimizing damage to the environment and natural processes while enhancing people's quality of life. Ecological design strives to adapt to nature through the use of natural materials as well as environmental considerations.Method: In the present study, according to the definition of sustainable design and understanding its applications, in order to achieve the best, most complete and practical design for the site in question, existing maps of the area, including aerial maps, topography , GIS, vegetation, upstream maps, site development plans, survey of active sites in Landfill, survey of contaminant types, study of COD and BOD indices of the site have been studied, as well as review and identification of existing status           (Environmental, Physical, Climatic, Landscape, Land Use, Transportation, Biological) through observation, photography and interviewing strategic design of this area is provided with ecological-based approach by site staff and residents of neighboring neighborhoods in accordance with the principles and principles governing the design of industrial environments.Findings: The existing plan prevents contamination of groundwater levels and prevents contaminated surrounding urban areas and agricultural lands. Restoration of damaged parts of the landfill, reduction of the risk of contamination by animals and noise pollution and unpleasant odors and its release into the atmosphere. The landfill is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the country through biogas production from landfill gas collection and reduction of fossil fuel use. By collecting and using Landfill gases as fuel and power generation, the rate of emissions to the atmosphere is reduced. Maximum use of biogas is due to the greater use of digesters.Discussion & Conclusion: Design criteria are mainly based on existing constraints and needs and make the designer's policy clearer and significantly help in locating applications. Applying these criteria will help to enhance opportunities and take advantage of existing opportunities and make the project less threatening. After developing the strategies, designing from different perspectives is done to finally select the best plan for implementation by reviewing the concepts and comparing them with each other and in accordance with international standards. At the end of the study, the three concepts are finally selected and after examining these three concepts together, the winning concept is selected for the execution phase. Landfill is an inevitable step in waste management. In today's growing population, landfill has become an integral part of communities, but landfills should not be used as a last resort, but rather as a mean to create new uses for it. Converting landfills to recreational uses while also providing a pleasant place to meet the recreational and sporting needs of the area's inhabitants. Human landfill contaminates the area and destroys many animals and causes major disturbance in nature. Brings to enhance the quality of the landfills and with as the landfill site becomes more prone to disruption, it is necessary to look at the area as a demolished mosaic and take steps to repair it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Modern Membrane Bio Reactors Investigation in biodegrading of municipal landfills leachate
        Mohammad Etemadi Morteza Shokri
        10.30495/jest.2021.9525
        Background and Objective: This article, demonstrate uses of Membrane Bio Reactors in municipal landfills. Because of daily increasing sweeping amounts and no balance between generation and recycling of them in the most part of the world, type of management and gathering More
        Background and Objective: This article, demonstrate uses of Membrane Bio Reactors in municipal landfills. Because of daily increasing sweeping amounts and no balance between generation and recycling of them in the most part of the world, type of management and gathering of sweeping has challenged. Thus hygienic burial method for generated sweeping is one of the applied methods in many countries. Hence, monitoring and management of productive leachate of municipal landfills to prevent underground water and soil from pollutant is obligatory. Material and Methodology: In this study, some modern Membrane Bio Reactors in municipal landfill were investigated. Then, advantages, defects, and application of each ones have been considered. Therefore, recent articles and researches about biodegrading of leachate were studied. Findings: Among the various methods of biological treatment, complex system method is one of the effective and strong approaches to treatment and biodegrading of wastewaters. Finally, to showing active carbon action for prevention of membranes fouling, two aerobic pilots with equal conditions were compared. Also, clearing the important parameters of wastewater contaminants such as COD and NH3-N in the presence of granular activated carbon was compared. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to treatment of municipal landfills leachate lots of methods with strengths and weaknesses is used. With investigation and Feasibility of municipal landfill site, the most efficient and effective method in terms of performance and cost based on need can be selected. . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Investigation and Feasibility of Reclamation and Remediation of Old and Abandoned Landfills (Case study: Babaheydar Landfill)
        Mohammad Sadegh Niknam Mahdi Jalili Ghazizade
        10.22034/jest.2020.27146.3620
        Background and Objective: One of the problems in the old landfills in the world is the side environmental pollution. Babaheydar landfill is in the vicinity of the Babaheydar’s dam reservoir and located three kilometers away from the city of the same name in the Ch More
        Background and Objective: One of the problems in the old landfills in the world is the side environmental pollution. Babaheydar landfill is in the vicinity of the Babaheydar’s dam reservoir and located three kilometers away from the city of the same name in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and municipal solid waste of Babaheydar city and some surrounding villages is being imported and dumped to this landfill. Since one of the main objectives of Babaheydar’s dam is supplying drinking water and the presence of these landfill can contaminate the dam reservoir water. Therefore, in this study existing methods for facing with this type of landfills was investigating technically, economically and environmentally. Method: In order to select the best option for facing with the landfill, at first, all of the available methods were studied. Then feasible methods such as landfill capping, landfill mining, treatment with soil washing and subsurface cut-off walls were investigated. Findings: Comparison results according to technical, economic and environmental aspects show that soil washing technique in terms of technology and need for special equipment, specialized management, need for water, materials and chemicals, investment and management costs require specific conditions that make the implementation of this method difficult. In opposite, excavation and transfer to a new landfill in terms of above parameters has most potential to execute. The methods of landfill capping and enclosing with subsurface cut-off walls are between two mentioned methods. Discussion and Conclusion: With investigation, feasibility and Comparison of potential executable methods for reclamation and remediation of landfill, it was found that the method of excavation and transfer to a new landfill compared to other methods is more suitable technically, economically and environmentally. Thus, applying of this method is recommended for Babaheydar landfill.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Investigating the concentration of heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc, nickel) in the municipal solid waste landfill of Sarayan using pollution indices
        mahdi kargar Ghasem Zolfaghari
        Background and Objective: Ways to produced urban wastes is concern in most urban areas of Iran. Increasing population density, industrialization and the amount of waste produced are of great importance. The introduction of heavy metals through urban wastewater into natu More
        Background and Objective: Ways to produced urban wastes is concern in most urban areas of Iran. Increasing population density, industrialization and the amount of waste produced are of great importance. The introduction of heavy metals through urban wastewater into natural ecosystems, especially soils, is one of the most important environmental concerns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc, nickel) in the soil of landfill site of Sarayan. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, 20 soil samples were collected from urban landfills and analyzed in a laboratory using Contraa 700 atomic absorption spectrophotometer and then analyzed by statistical techniques and Excel and IBM SPSS statistical software version 25. Finding: To determine the contamination of the studied area, contamination factors (CF) and land accumulation (Igeo) were used and the results showed that the highest amount of contamination was related to surface-level chromium and the lowest was related to surface water and the amount of earthquake index Igeo) was found for chromium metal between 1 and 3. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the study, the chromium metal in the slightly infected and highly infected classes and other samples collected in non-infected classes of metals were slightly contaminated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Landfill site selection for urban wastes using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Leopold matrix methods (Case Study: Malekan city)
        Ghodrat Barzegari Alireza Esmaeili Ebrahim Asghari Kaljahi
        10.22034/jest.2019.32338.4030
        Background and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion in country cause to increasing of waste production in the cities and became to an important issue despite the progress of science and technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select a suitable loc More
        Background and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion in country cause to increasing of waste production in the cities and became to an important issue despite the progress of science and technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select a suitable location for landfill in Malekan city. Method: In this study, the required criteria including lithology, land use, vegetation, soil characteristics, topography (slope), distances from urban areas and away from the main road, the main and secondary canals, residential areas, wells and aqueducts, faults have been identified and collected. To form a pair wise comparison matrix and the weight of information layers determined by using of the Expert Choice 11 software and analytic hierarchy process. Then the appropriate zones have been modeled by overlaying of different layers in GIS media. Findings: It was found that the current waste disposal site of Malekan city does not have sufficient conditions for waste disposal and in order to select a suitable location, in addition to addressing the impact of the included criteria, it is necessary to use field visits and environmental assessments to finally select the most suitable place for landfilling. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, 8 zones have been selected that 4 of them were eliminated based on field visits. Finally in order to planning of the studied area waste, the candidate zones were evaluated by the Leopold matrix and finally the zone number 4 located on the east of Qalejogh village has been selected as a best location for landfill of Malekan urban waste. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Landfill Site Selection of Construction and Demolition Wastes Using GIS and AHP Method (A Case Study of Hamedan City)
        Fateme Jafari Nobakht Mehrdad Cheraghi Bahareh Lorestani
        10.22034/jest.2018.12897.2151
        Background and Objectives: Population growth, urban development, and increased human activities will bring various outcomes, including the production and accumulation of waste, followed by environmental pollution. In developing countries, construction waste accounts for More
        Background and Objectives: Population growth, urban development, and increased human activities will bring various outcomes, including the production and accumulation of waste, followed by environmental pollution. In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large proportion of municipal waste, which in addition to the high cost of disposal, also has adverse effects on the environment. Because construction debris takes up a lot of space due to its bulk, disposing of it in landfills reduces the useful life of these areas and it is necessary to find a new place to bury construction debris. Method: Searching for a new landfill is a complex and time consuming process and requires a capable and efficient system, as using GIS and combining different layers of information and considering environmental, social and economic criteria, the most suitable landfill can be found. Located a building. In the present study, 16 criteria (slope, land use, residential, commercial and industrial centers, villages, roads (including 3 layers of highways, main roads and side roads), water (including 6 layers of wells, springs, aqueducts, Rivers, dams and waterways), antiquities, airport runways and mines) are involved in the location process, so that privacy and distance maps are prepared first ,then, in order to achieve more reliability, scoring the classes or parameter intervals was done in three ways. Criteria were weighted using Expert Choice software and hierarchical analysis (AHP). Findings: The results of the three types of scoring to multi-criteria analysis showed that there were significant differences in the results of different methods of scoring. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of combining 16 parameters involved in site selection in software Arc GIS9.3 showed that the appropriate zones for construction and demolition wastes buried in Hamadan, often are located in a 90-degree slice. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Investigation and evaluation of methane production using standard mathematical models by municipal solid waste
        Seyed Ali Asghar Shariat Hosseini Kazem Bashirnezhad Peyman Bashi Shahabi
        10.30495/jest.2022.58175.5281
        Background and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating More
        Background and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating methane gas and Energy production, a study based on the use of mathematical models to estimate the methane gas produced at the Mashhad landfill. Material and Methodology: This research was conducted in 1398 in Mashhad. The method used in this study is based on the use of IPCC mathematical models developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Findings: According to mass balance and stoichiometric calculations performed for two categories of fast biodegradable and slow biodegradable materials, about 53.89% of the total landfill gases are methane and 46.11% are carbon dioxide. According to the calculations, the potential for methane production capacity is 115.33 cubic meters of methane per megagram of waste and the methane production rate is 0.021 per year. The data were analyzed in Landgem software. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results obtained in 1414, the maximum volumetric flow of methane produced is 2.6×107 cubic meters per year. Also, the high and low thermal values of landfill gas are 21.484 and 19.361 megajoules per cubic meter, respectively. In case of direct use of landfill gas in power generators, in 1414, the highest net output power with high and low thermal value of landfill gas can be obtained 11503.633 kw and 10366.83 kw, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Capacity of nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) in adsorption of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Ni) from Tonekabon landfill leachate
        Khashayar Sharifi Aptin Rahnavard keivan saeb Farid Gholamreza Fahimi Ahmad Tavana
        10.22034/jest.2021.62010.5451
        Background and Objective: Landfill leachate contains heavy metals that cause toxic effects on water and soil near landfills. Phytoremediation is one of the control methods in which native plants with accumulation ability are used. The aim of this study was to evaluate t More
        Background and Objective: Landfill leachate contains heavy metals that cause toxic effects on water and soil near landfills. Phytoremediation is one of the control methods in which native plants with accumulation ability are used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation strength of heavy metals by nettle from leachate. Material and Methodology: In the present study, after collecting nettle seeds from Tonekabon landfill, they were planted in 16 pots and after the 6-leaf stage, placed under four concentrations of fresh leachate (0, 30, 60 and 100%) and after the growth period, the amount of metals Heavy (by atomic absorption spectrometer) and morphological traits were measured. Findings: The result showed that with increasing leachate concentration, the amount of heavy metals in all organs increased (Ni> Pb > Cd> Ar) and the aerial parts were more absorbed. In parallel with this result, dry weight factors of stem and leaf, root and leaf area index also decreased. Calculation of TF> 1 in nettle organs showed its ability to be more accumulative in the face of leachate. Discussion and Conclusion: Bioremediation with using of native plants and accumulators to remove heavy metals is a low cost and environmentally friendly method. Nettle is a native and wild plant that grows in landfills in the north of the country and due to its accumulative power, it is a suitable species for clearing the soil of heavy metals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Evaluation of the environmental effects of "Khakab" construction waste recycling plant using the Iranian Leopold matrix method in EIA+ software (Case study: debris recycling plant in Abali landfill)
        Sally Salehi Farid Gholamreza Fahimi Masoud Kiadaliri Ahmad Tavana Keivan Saeb
        Background & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling facto More
        Background & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling factories. Material and Methodology: The two phases of operation and implementation of the factory construction plan were considered as the main phases of the current research. Therefore, 13 micro-activities and 23 environmental parameters were identified and the results were analyzed in EIA+ software using the Iranian Leopold matrix method and discussed based on the results. Findings: Three micro-activities include washing fine sand through a washing machine with a score of -3.6, converting concrete pieces and large boulders into smaller pieces and transferring them to a jaw crusher with a score of -2.8 and transferring the remaining The sewage produced by the washing machine has had the most negative effects on the depot pond with a score of -2.7. The three micro-activities of creating green spaces with a score of +2.2, selling products with a score of +0.9, and hiring employees with a score of +0.5 have the most positive effects on the environment. Discussion and conclusion: Considering the positive effect on the economy, increasing the green space in the region, job creation, and also reducing the increasing amount of scum accumulated in Abali pit, the construction and operation of the factory is evaluated as a positive activity, but considering the destructive effects of the environment. its biological, it is necessary to consider alternative solutions to adjust its environmental effects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Application of GMDH and genetic algorithm in fraction in biogas from landfill modeling
        Mohammad Javad Zoqi Mohammad Ghamgosar Mohammad Ghamgosar Saeed Fallahi
        10.22034/jest.2016.9534
        Background and Objective: In this study, The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type neural networks whit genetic algorithm was applied to estimate the methane fraction in landfill gas originating from Lab-scale landfill bioreactors. In this study, to predict the meth More
        Background and Objective: In this study, The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type neural networks whit genetic algorithm was applied to estimate the methane fraction in landfill gas originating from Lab-scale landfill bioreactors. In this study, to predict the methane fraction in landfill gas as a final product of anaerobic digestion, we used input parameters such as pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand, NH4+-N and waste temperature. Method: To this Purpose, two different systems were applied for neural network’s data obtained. In system I (C1), the leachate generated from a fresh-waste reactor was drained to recirculation tank, and recycled every two days. In System II (C2), the leachate generated from a fresh waste landfill reactor was fed through a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor, and at the same time, the leachate generated from a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor recycled to a fresh waste landfill reactor. leachate and landfill gas components were monitored for 132 days. Findings: The study results indicate that GMDH is able to predict the methane fraction in landfill gas. The correlation between the observed and predicted values for the training data is 0.98 and for the testing data, it is 0.99. Discussion and Conclusion:  The proposed method can significantly predict the methane fraction in landfill gas originating and, consequently, GMDH can be use to optimize the dimensions of a plant using biogas for energy (i.e. heat and/or electricity) recovery and monitoring system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Investigating the potential for RDF production from reclaimed landfill in Iran (case study Arad Kooh landfill in Tehran)
        Seyed Amir Naser Harati Reza Abdollahzade Reza Jolous Jamshidi
        Protecting the Environment is becoming one of the most important concerns of the developed and developing countries. Reclamation of MSW landfills, which are sources of many pollutants including leachate and greenhouse gases, would be very valuable in saving the resource More
        Protecting the Environment is becoming one of the most important concerns of the developed and developing countries. Reclamation of MSW landfills, which are sources of many pollutants including leachate and greenhouse gases, would be very valuable in saving the resources and reducing the pollution scale. In the current article the potential for use of reclaimed waste in RDF production has been investigated. At the end of the article the optimized RDF production cycle for Iran has been suggested and compared with data from other countries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Feasibility of Common Landfill Establishment in Khomeynishahr City and its Adjacent Cities Using Fuzzy Logic and AHP
        Afsaneh Afzali Ali Faghihi-Zarandi
        10.22034/jest.2018.13752
        Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, landfill method is used as the last strategy in the integrated solid waste management hierarchy. It is more common and has lower costs than other sanitary disposal methods. Selecting the suitable landfill site can prevent the More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, landfill method is used as the last strategy in the integrated solid waste management hierarchy. It is more common and has lower costs than other sanitary disposal methods. Selecting the suitable landfill site can prevent the inappropriate ecological and socio-economical effects. Landfill site selection requires the analysis of spatial data, regulations and accepted criteria. The main objective of this study is to determine the suitable common municipal solid waste landfill site for Khomeynishahr and its 6 adjacent cities. For this purpose, the multi criteria evaluation method, GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to evaluate the suitability of appropriate landfill site by emphasizing on regional vision. Method: Different information layers related to the maps of the study area were provided and superposed using both the Boolean and fuzzy methods (classification of suitable areas in the valued range of 0 to 255) in the GIS environment. The AHP was used for weighing the information layers. Findings: After the necessary analysis, the proposed suitable landfill sites with an area of less than 1% were defined in 5 regions and in central parts of the study area. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study can be used as the first priority to help the decision makers in suitable landfill site selection.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Landfill Leaching-Contaminated Groundwater Remediation by Permeable Reactive Barrier
        Mohammad Beheshtian Ardakani Taghi Ebadi
        Background and Objective: Collection and treatment of landfill leaching is one of the most important challenges in the operation of municipal solid waste landfills. Since the most parts of Iran, due to the arid and semi-arid climate, are faced with the limited water res More
        Background and Objective: Collection and treatment of landfill leaching is one of the most important challenges in the operation of municipal solid waste landfills. Since the most parts of Iran, due to the arid and semi-arid climate, are faced with the limited water resources, the study of landfill leaching-contaminated groundwater remediation is also very important. In recent decades, extensive work has been done regarding the development and implementation of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) but application of this method needs more investigations for landfill leaching-contaminated groundwater remediation. For this purpose, the groundwater remediation method by permeable reactive barriers was investigated in this paper. In addition, the granular activated carbon and natural zeolite were studied as a common media for the removal of organic pollutants in water. Method: For the experiment, leaching-contaminated water with a COD of 690, 1910 and 3100 (mg/l) was passed from the experimental model of permeable reactive barrier, filled with washed sand, granular activated carbon and natural zeolite, and COD removal rate was calculated in each condition. Findings: The highest COD removal was obtained by granular activated carbon and the best performance was in the 690 (mg/l) concentration pollutants. Also, significant differences were not observed in the rate of COD removal efficiency by zeolite compare to sand. Discussion and Conclusions: Therefore, in order to optimize the use of reactive media, the system must be arranged with layers of zeolite and activated carbon respectively and in a suitable distance from pollution source so that removal of pollutants by the soil can be used in addition to the proper removal of pollutants by each layer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Evaluation of Karaj Solid Waste Landfill with Regional and Local Screening Method
        ُSeyed Masoud monavari Ghasemali Omrani Fatemeh Aliowsati
        In regarding to the adverse impacts of solid waste landfilling in improper places, selection of propersites according to the criteria and rules has great importance.In this study Karaj solid waste landfill is evaluated with regional and local screening method. Forevalua More
        In regarding to the adverse impacts of solid waste landfilling in improper places, selection of propersites according to the criteria and rules has great importance.In this study Karaj solid waste landfill is evaluated with regional and local screening method. Forevaluating this site in regional scale 22 km radius from the center of Karaj city was selected. Thenregional criteria including distance from surface water, distance from residential centers, water grounddepth, geology, etc were studied with producing different layers in geographical information system.In order to inspect these criteria in regional studies; maps were produced from related organizationsand centers. After production of basic maps in order to product the final suitability map in regionalscale according to the pattern, layers were reclassified with three proper, average and improper class.In the end, final reclassified map was produced. According to this map the mensuration of impropersites is 142915/8 hectare, the mensuration of average sites is 5089/3 hectare and the mensuration ofimproper sites is 4046/9 hectare and also the landfill suitability is evaluated as improper.For evaluating needed land for studied solid waste landfill, factors like population growth rate, theamount of yearly solid waste, shape and height of the landfill were studied and the mensuration of thesite was evaluated as improper.Then the landfill was studied in local scale and the criteria like soil depth, natural land cover of thesite and landscape of the site, etc were studied with weight and point method and its suitability wasevaluated as average Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Solid Waste Management Systems Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
        Mohammad Javad Zoghi Ariayaman Ghavidel Mohsen Saeedi
        10.22034/jest.2016.9804
        Background and Objective: Municipal solid waste treatment is one of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions sources. Waste management systems can affect GHG emissions from these sources. This study evaluates the current and other three patterns of integrated waste management More
        Background and Objective: Municipal solid waste treatment is one of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions sources. Waste management systems can affect GHG emissions from these sources. This study evaluates the current and other three patterns of integrated waste management systems (IWMSs) with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, using life cycle assessment (LCA), based on the Lavandevil case. Method: System 1 represents the current MSW management in Lavandevil, including collection, transport and landfilling. Other three IWMSs along with collection, transport, landfilling and incineration include recycling (system 2), anaerobic digestion (system 3) and recycling and anaerobic digestion (system 4). Results: The results show that global warming potential (GWP) from system 1 amounts to 840 Kg CO2 eq, whereas GWP from system 4 reduces to 474 Kg CO2 eq for each ton of Lavandevil’s MSW. Considering the results obtained from this study, in all management systems (system S1-S4), lanfilling has the highest share in GWP increasing. GWP from landfilling can be reduced by power generation from landfill gas (LFG). Therefore, in this study, all management systems (system S1-S4) are assumed under two different methods (landfilling with and without energy recovery). By assumption, 75% recovery of landfill gas results in a GWP reduction of nearly 36% by GWP of landfilling. Conclusion: The results show that source separation and use of separate waste in recycling and anaerobic decomposition processes have the highest impact in GWP reducing. Therefore, this study suhhests that source separation of waste, recycling and anaerobic decomposition treatment should be increased in the country’s waste management systems. On condition that both treatment systems could not be founded together, recycling is favorable over anaerobic digestion. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Investigation on Quality of Leachate from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and Compost plant (Case Study: Mashhad city)
        Alireza Shokooh Edvin Safari Hossein Hashemin
        The leachate quality of Mashhad landfill and receiving and fermentation units of its composting plantwas studied. Samples were taken during spring and summer, 2006. BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NO3-N¯,NH4-N+, PO43-, Cl¯, pH, as well 10heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, H More
        The leachate quality of Mashhad landfill and receiving and fermentation units of its composting plantwas studied. Samples were taken during spring and summer, 2006. BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NO3-N¯,NH4-N+, PO43-, Cl¯, pH, as well 10heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn analysisin the samples. Mean COD, NO3¯N¯, and NH4-N+ in landfill, receiving and fermentation units sampleswere obtained 17418, 50512, 91168 mg COD/l and 2.34, 25.40, 25.97 mg NO3-N¯/l, and 658.78,570.89, 633.89 mg NH4-N+/l, respectively. The quality of leachate samples compared with Leachateof Tehran landfill and landfills in USA, Germany, Spain, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Kuwait. Theresults showed the leachate of Tehran and Mashhad landfills and the composting plant have moreorganic materials than the other countries. BOD5/COD that shows biodegradability of organic matterswas 0.44, 0.51, and 0.55 in the leachate of landfill, receiving and fermentation units, respectively. Itmeans biological treatment can be useful for all of them. Heavy metals concentrations were undernational effluent standard in the landfill leachate. But the concentration of Fe, Zn and Mn were abovethe standard in the leachate of receiving and fermentation units. The results showed that it is possibleto meet the national standard by using a combination of physical- chemical and biological treatmentmethods. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill, Semnan, Iran
        Niloofar Abedinzadeh Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Tooba Abedi
        AbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective me More
        AbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective method for municipal solid wastedisposal is sanitary landfill. This method is a specific engineering operation which is done by solidwaste disposal with minimal health and environmental risks using daily soil cover, creatingimpenetrable layer on the bottom of Landfill to prevent leakage of Leachate and contamination ofgroundwater, leachate collection system and use of layer of sand to control the methane gas. The areaunder study includes total Semnan city with 2291 km2 area. It is located between geographicalcoordinates 34 degrees, 14 minutes and 36 degrees, 11 minutes of north latitudes and 52 degrees, 46minutes and 54 degrees, 11 minutes of east longitudes. The proposed location for construction ofsanitary landfill of Semnan is 25 acres of land which is located 20 km southeast of Semnan.Material and methodIn this paper environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste sanitary - Engineering landfillof Semnan city and comparing it with not to execute alternative (current landfill) by using a fastmatrix has been done and Parameters have been evaluated on the basis of defined criteria.ResultsResults show that adverse effects resulting from construction activities and operation are in low andvery low level and the positive consequences are at low and medium groups. Soil and air pollution arethe most important environmental problems and creating green spaces, employment, increasingincome, satisfaction of local communities, increasing health indicators are the most desirableenvironmental factors of project. According to the results, sanitary landfill of solid waste in Semnan atthe proposed site with regards to high potential design to solve the health problems in accordance withthe reform options in order to protect air and soil and it is evaluated totally as positive action and willbe permitted. Manuscript profile
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        22 - An approach towards designing a new sanitary landfill system for treatment of emissions from decomposition in urban gas network
        mohammad javad zoqi Mohammad Reza Doosti
        10.22034/jest.2018.13260
        Background and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed fo More
        Background and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed for landfilling to reduce landfill gas emissions and to prevent entry of air into the landfill. Method: This paper presents a new landfill design and system for air ingress prevention and landfill gas containment. In addition, in this paper Aspen Hysyssoftware was used for the dynamic simulation of separation of CO2 from landfill gas by adsorption process in the ethanolamine solution. Findings: The new system proffers more control over the biogas extraction and processes of anaerobic digestion than conventional landfills. In the new system, the landfill gas purification process becomes cheaper due to reduction of air ingress. Conclusion: The new system can be applied on tipycal landfills. Using this new system, biogas purification and exploitation will become economical in more landfills, and the increased use of biogas will result in greater use of renewable energy sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Impact Assessment of Candidate Landfill Sites for Zanjan City Using Improved RIAM Method
        Ghazal Monzavi Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Habibollah Yunesi
        Background and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high pot More
        Background and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high potential to pollute the environmentdue to the open air practice of waste disposal. Hence, it is urgent to select a site for this purpose fromamongst the proposed ones.Unsuitable landfill sites may have many negative impacts. Using environmental impact assessmentcan highly help mitigate the negative effects and arrive at a sound environmental management plan.RIAM is an approach that guarantees a sound and at the same time fast and clear evaluation of themain environmental impacts of development projects. This approach has many advantages and somedisadvantages, and of the latter the subjectivity has been targeted in this research.We used the RIAM that was upgraded with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to lower thesubjectivity implicit in the scoring of the impacts and introduce more objectivity to the process.Method of study: We used suggested landfill sites in Zanjan City and assessed their environmentalimpacts through integration of AHP and RIAM methods. Comparing the effects of each of theselandfills on the environment helped us in selecting the least impacting one.Results: In the process, we integrated the RIAM with the AHP and found the present landfill site stillholds some edge over other suggested sites. The possibility of improving the original RIAM methodwith the AHP was also shown to be applicable and promising.Discussion and conclusion: This study shows that RIAM method can be upgraded throughintegration with the AHP method. The integration transformed challenging ideas on the scoring of theimpacts and provided an opportunity for inclusion of expert opinion and greatly enhancedachievement of a unified impact score. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Study of Landfill leachate pollution of Rasht City
        Masoud Monavari Ghasemali Omrani Fatemeh Ghanbari
        Background and Objective: Study of landfill of urban solid wastes is important because of its different kind of pollution. The most important pollutants of landfill, is leachate of the resulting from solid wastes. Solid waste leachate may penetrate into surface and unde More
        Background and Objective: Study of landfill of urban solid wastes is important because of its different kind of pollution. The most important pollutants of landfill, is leachate of the resulting from solid wastes. Solid waste leachate may penetrate into surface and underground water and pollute these resources. This place is located near one of Siahroud River branch. And is named Zarjoub. This river evacuates the pollution resulting from solid waste leachate with other urban, industrial and agricultural pollutants at Anzali wetland. Methods: In this research, the qualification of Rasht landfill and Kacha River were studied for leachate contamination. For purpose BOD, DO, PH, TP and COD parameters were studied in two humid and arid seasons. Findings:  The averages of COD, BOD, Do and TP in river are 3862.5 and 1326.25, 0.3 and 6/5 Mg/L. Also the average of pH is 7.01. Discussion and Counclusion: The results show that observed amounts are higher than the standards of environmental protection organization. Furthermore, the pollution resulting from leachate showed remarkable increase in comparison with the results of experiments of 1997. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Fabrication and Evaluation of anaerobic baffle reactor for leachate treatment of Sari province
        Amin Arvin majid peyravi Mohsen Jahanshahi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11076
        Background and Objective: Landfill leachate has been identified as a potential source of ground and surface waters contamination due to the generation of leachate. Further, landfill leachate may percolate through soils and cause the large pollution of streams, creeks an More
        Background and Objective: Landfill leachate has been identified as a potential source of ground and surface waters contamination due to the generation of leachate. Further, landfill leachate may percolate through soils and cause the large pollution of streams, creeks and water. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a laboratory-scale ABR in different COD concentrations and hydraulic retention time for COD removal. Method: In this research, an anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) was used for biological landfill leachate treatment. The ABR was 10 cm wide, 60 cm long, and 10 cm depth and was constructed from Perspex with an effective volume of 6 L. The ABR was seeded with anaerobically digested sewage sludge taken from an anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant in Qaemshahr city. Landfill leachate used in this study was collected from a landfill leachate waste municipal site located in Kiasar, Sari. The experiments used in this study were chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, suspended solids (SS) and alkalinity. Findings: The anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) has been have an appropriate performance for COD removal of landfill leachate. Also, the results showed that this reactor presented an acceptable capability of pH control and acidogenic microorganism separation from others. On the other hands, the results demonstrated that an alkalinity remained at the desirable level in the reactor and it is not necessary to add chemical materials to control it. Moreover, the suspended solids were significantly removed in this reactor. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the highest COD removal (86%) was achieved at the HRT of 2 days where the COD concentration of 2700 mg/L was reduced to 380 mg/L. Furthermore, the system performance at lower hydraulic retention time was decreased. At the COD concentration of 2700 mg/L, 70% decrement of the reactor efficiency was observed by decreasing hydraulic retention time to 12 hr. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Environmental Evaluation of Existing Solid Waste landfill of Semnan in the basis of Site Selection Criteria
        Niloofar Abedinzadeh Fatemeh Ghanbari
        Introduction: Today by increasing the urbanization in bid cities and increasing solid waste percapita for industrialization of societies, waste collection and disposal have hanged to one of the most important issues in municipal solid waste management. Solid waste landf More
        Introduction: Today by increasing the urbanization in bid cities and increasing solid waste percapita for industrialization of societies, waste collection and disposal have hanged to one of the most important issues in municipal solid waste management. Solid waste landfills have adverse impacts on environment. These impacts will intensify more when landfill sites have chosen without any site selection processes. Therefore it is essential usage of current evaluation techniques for identification of adverse impacts and offer approaches in order to diminishing negative impacts. Methods and materials: Many difference parameters and criteria are used for site selecting and evaluating of landfills. In this study, the landfill of  Semnan have been evaluated by using data from slope, topography, land use, soil type and ground water maps  via three current methods of evaluating of landfills. Results: This site is classified in good category in Oleckno method, acceptable category by using Monavari method and it is placed in better score range by applying Drastic method. Conclousion: Despite this site has chosen without site selection process, it locates in suitable position. According to this study, it is necessary to attend engineering action and design and landfill management. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Necessity of selecting the optimum model for urban landfills site selection in line with land use planning and sustainable development
        Talieh Abdolkhani Nejhad Seyed Mosood Monavvari Saeed Zareie
        10.22034/jest.2017.11306
        Background and Objective: Landfill site selection is essential in urban development plans. Sustainable development can mean the identification of the unique characteristics and assets of a region which highlights the advantages of each region and leads the regional bene More
        Background and Objective: Landfill site selection is essential in urban development plans. Sustainable development can mean the identification of the unique characteristics and assets of a region which highlights the advantages of each region and leads the regional beneficiaries and resources to the perspective emerging from land use planning. Therefore, the environmental baseline studies based on GIS technology and other models related to spatial data analysis for identification of  the area, could be seriously addressed. Natural landscape referes to usefulness of human activities in the nature, especially in the areas which are covered with plants or artificially drawn, On the other hand study of urban landfills from natural landscape view has a very important effect on landfill site selection, This seeks to find the optimum model for urban landfill site selection in line with land use and sustainable development. Methods: In this study, the landfill in Bushehr was visted and features such as the spacing of wells, residential communities, industrial facilities, access roads, airports, historical and religious centers, areas of biological importance, hunting and habitat zones for birds, geographic coordinates, wind, topography, geology, land use, soil, watercourse, groundwater depth, floodplain, surface water and slope were studied. After the necessary processing using the software area maps were prepared. The obtained map was transferred to Arc GIS software. The maps with Clip functions related to the intended zone were extracted for all the digital files. The basic maps in, 9/2 Arc GIS were determined in the study area using Buffer function, after classification and finally overlaying each maps, the finalized, was obtained. The final map was prepared according to the classification table with three values of poor, average and good. Results: The results showed that the study area is 57% suitable, 40% poor and 3 % average in terms of spatial planning and sustainable development criteria. According to population growth in Bushehr city, the amount of waste production in a 20-year horizon (2009-2026) of the area required for sanitry landfilling in the study area was calculated 1176261/2 hectare. Knowing landfill has an area of 2 hectare, it was revealed that the place does not meet the needs for 20 years. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Landfill sites site selection using fuzzy logic in GIS and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Model (FAHP)(case study: minoodasht city)
        Mohamad Javad Amiri Vahid Nikzad Yasser Moarab Negar Foroughi
        Background and Aim: An appropriate urban landfill site selection prevents environmental issues in cities. The study aimed to identify suitable sites for landfill site selection based on an estimated population of 20 years and the area required for landfill sites in Mino More
        Background and Aim: An appropriate urban landfill site selection prevents environmental issues in cities. The study aimed to identify suitable sites for landfill site selection based on an estimated population of 20 years and the area required for landfill sites in Minoodasht city by using Fuzzy logic model in GIS and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical (FAHP) . Methods: Selecting a suitable site for landfill requires several factors which using spatial data and its integration with other planning and management activities is necessary  according to the complexity of affecting factors in site selection. For this purpose deployment of the integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS)and multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) are the perfect tools for landfill site selection.  Findings: The present study focuses on using many data layers  including ; Distance from roads، elevation، slope، land use، precipitation، distance from faults، distance from surface waters، distance from protected areas، geology and Distance from city and villages for an appropriate landfill sites site selection of minoodasht city. the maps of each data layer ، standardized in IDRISI software and were prepared in the form of Fuzzy Then، in order to integrate the layers، Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and GIS were applied. Result: Ultimately the final maps performed by applying 5 operators of fuzzy Gamma، Fuzzy Product، Fuzzy AND ، Fuzzy OR and Fuzzy SUM. Then، suitable landfill site selection maps were chosen and each of them classified to four categories of: suitable، average، weak and very weak. And suitable category became dappling. Methods which their Spots area were less than required area of landfill were excluded. Finally (AND)، (GAMMA) methods with 0.9 number، determined a suitable landfill site for a period of 20-years. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Potential prediction of Methane production from landfill in Iranian metropolises (Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, Esfahan, Karaj)
        Narges Mohseni Ghasem Ali Omrani Seyed Amir Naser Harati
        Energy recovery from waste is an important and appropriate method for reduction of electrical energy generated from fossil fuel and nonrenewable source of energy. Assessment and prediction of production and emission gas from landfill is important to design of this sites More
        Energy recovery from waste is an important and appropriate method for reduction of electrical energy generated from fossil fuel and nonrenewable source of energy. Assessment and prediction of production and emission gas from landfill is important to design of this sites and successful use for Methane as a sources of energy. In this study is used from LandGEM v302 software and it is applied volume percentage 61% Methane and it is calculated 164 m3/Mg  constant of potential production of landfill Gas for Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, Esfahan, Karaj cities and rate constant of methane production 0,06 and considered gas emission and pollutants in those sites. At last, sensitive analyze with different k (distract rate) showed that rate of methane and carbon dioxide from these 5 landfills are 11.15× 107, 8.25×107 m3/year. Also in Tehran landfill 934554 tone Co2 will produce and in Shiraz and Karaj 1.5×106CH4, 9.6×10 5 Co2 m3/year and in Esfahan site 8.46×106 CH4 m3/year and in Mashhad site 3.37×107CH4, 1.72×107CO2 was estimated. Pollutants consist of Vinil colored, Botan, Carbon di sulfide, Choloro di feleoro methane, Banzen, Di choro di feleoro methane, Di choro feleoro methane, Pentane, Hexane,Xylen were over limited standard. Attention to high rate of methane in Iran’s Landfills and piping operations for gas extraction in these sites, will be best alternative for eliminating of this greenhouse gas with applied used from this gas with treatment of it.   Manuscript profile
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        30 - Studying the Method of Upcycling of Landfills of Joan Valley Landscape (Garaf)
        keyvan kiani mehdi khakzand
        Nowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is More
        Nowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is between 25 and 30. In recent decades, the revitalization of these sites has attracted worldwide attention, and we are witnessing many successful projects around the world. Unfortunately, the landfill policy in Iran is still neglected. The purpose of this article is to learn from the experiences of projects carried out worldwide in order to use these experiences in the management of Iranian cities by selecting the landfill of the Xuan Valley (Garaf) as a case study and a successful project (selected 8 architectural competitions worldwide), This project has been reviewed and analyzed by reviewing the texts and interviewing the project design company. At the beginning, using the measures and strategies adopted in this project, according to the existing challenges of the site and high-level policies, the strengths and weaknesses of the project have been expertly analyzed, and finally, important factors in the project's approach to modeling have been explained. Similar projects have been discussed with regard to the current problems of Tehran in the development of landfills and the use of other cities in Iran.   Manuscript profile
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        31 - Presenting a decision–making model for landfill site selection geology using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) emphacis (case study : landfill of Semnan Industrial Town)
        saeid Kamyabi babak ghotbooie Morteza hasanabadi
        The various criteria and parameters are involved in site selection of landfill that whichever have particular importance and cause restrictions in the selection. The final goal of these criteria are choosing the most suitable site that has the least environmental advers More
        The various criteria and parameters are involved in site selection of landfill that whichever have particular importance and cause restrictions in the selection. The final goal of these criteria are choosing the most suitable site that has the least environmental adverse impacts. Thus, applying managerial decision making methods such as multiple criteria techniques can be useful in this regard .In this paper ,design and present  a decision making model using group analytical hierarchy process in order to selection the best site for landfill .The model of this paper applied in the real world in order to landfill site selection of Semnan Industrial Town. The results of this  paper  indicate that applying this technique in the  proposed model can consider experts idea in  ranking the candidate sites and selection the best site of landfill of SemnanIndustrialTown and significantly decrease the costs reluctant unsuitable site selection . Manuscript profile
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        32 - Study of pollution resulting from leachate in Rasht solid waste land fill
        Masoud Monavari Ghasemali Omrani Fatemeh Ghanbari
        Study of environmental and sanitary environment of landfill of urban solid wastes is of high importance due to creation of different pollutions. The most important pollutant, is leachate of the resulting from solid wastes. Solid waste leachate may penetrate into surface More
        Study of environmental and sanitary environment of landfill of urban solid wastes is of high importance due to creation of different pollutions. The most important pollutant, is leachate of the resulting from solid wastes. Solid waste leachate may penetrate into surface and underground water and pollute these resources. Rasht solid waste landfill has been located in 15 Km Rasht at Saravan area. This place near one of the sources of SiahroudRiver,namely KachaRiver.KachaRiver joins SiahroudRiver, and is named Zarjoub. Then it joins  GoharroudRiver in Pirbazar area and enters eastern part of Anzali wetland. This river evacuates the pollution resulting from solid waste leachate together with other urban, industrial and agricultural pollutants that it receives within its route at Anzali wetland. In this research conducted in the year 2006-2007 , the status of Rasht city , and also KachaRiver was studied regarding the pollution due to leachate. For this purpose , parameters BOD, DO , PH , TP and COD were studied in two seasons of winter and summer. The results of this research show that all parameters under our study exceed the mounts authorized by Environmental Protection Organization. Furthermore ,the pollution resulting from leachate showed remarkable increase in comparison with the results of experiments of 1997. Manuscript profile
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        33 - The effective factors on gas produced in landfill
        Yaser Salar Faramarz moatar Mostafa Khezri
        Nowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disa More
        Nowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disaster in human societies in recent years which is considered as one of the major challenges facing humanity. In recent years, especial equipment is used to collect, manage and transfer gas in landfills. Collecting landfill gas (biogas) have different benefits in environmental fields, economic and , the most important, energy. The biogas produced by urban Landfill has a high proportion of volatile organic methane that damages the ozone layer. Landfill gases are produced through a collection of biochemical reactions on biodegradable organic matter present in the waste in anaerobic conditions. These gases include methane, carbon dioxide hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds and so on. Assessment and prediction of production rates and factors affecting gas emissions from landfill are critical for landfill designing and successful utilization of the gases as an energy source. Thus, the present paper has studied these matters.   Manuscript profile
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        34 - Use of Decision Support Tools in Municipal Solid Waste Management (Case Study: Landfill Site Selection of Alborz Province)
        Marzeyeh Mahtabi Oghani Akbar Najafi Habibollah Yunesi Mazaher Moeinaddini
        Waste is natural consequence of living human communities and environmental hazards caused by environmental mismanagement of solid waste, one of the fundamental problems. In the past decades, exponential growth of urban population in developing countries and speed of urb More
        Waste is natural consequence of living human communities and environmental hazards caused by environmental mismanagement of solid waste, one of the fundamental problems. In the past decades, exponential growth of urban population in developing countries and speed of urbanization phenomenon, necessity of sustainable environmental development and efficient management of waste has been established. The main goal of the current study is applying various spatial analyses, with use of geographic information system in order to optimum site selection with minimal environmental adverse effects for urban waste burial. Therefore, in first step, effective data Layers in determining of landfill of Karaj ( like land use, streams, wetlands, roads,  morphology, ground waters, demography, wildlife parks, soil) from data bases and organization was prepared. The second step, data layers (digital maps) was entered to soft ware of Arc GIS9.2 and data base was created. In the third step, according to limitations, suitable areas, was extracted with using of GIS. Then these data was applied as appropriate options ( input data) for AHP. In the next step for determination priorities of the remaining landfill options according to criteria is used by AHP. The results of this study are evidence that GIS and AHP provide performance tools for selection and priority of optimal landfill. Also in this study land slope and ground water have more important than other criteria and option 3 is most appropriate for landfill. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Landfill Site Selection in Bandarabbas by Analytical Hierarchy Process Model
        Hamideh Samari Jahromi Hassan Hosseinzadehasl
        One of the main parts of management in the urban solid wastes is finding an appropriate place in order to dispose the wastes. Difference criteria should be paid attention in site selection, so using of special methods are necessary to assimilate the criteria. This study More
        One of the main parts of management in the urban solid wastes is finding an appropriate place in order to dispose the wastes. Difference criteria should be paid attention in site selection, so using of special methods are necessary to assimilate the criteria. This study was done to locate the appropriate landfills in the city of Bandarabbas through using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for offering the optimal alternatives for site selection. In present study, in order to select sites for dispose of urban waste of Bandarabbas, the following data layers and maps  have been utilized; the maps of land use, road network, water source, and the layers related to the distance from city center. In next step, each layer(criteria) weights are calculated by using the AHP. Through field visits, four locations for comparison and evaluation through hierarchical analysis process were selected and ultimately by doing closer studies on the selected locations and exerting appropriate weights on each of the locations, the final location will be selected. Finally, an appropriate location for landfill, North West Bastak was selected. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Integration of population forecasting in providing decision support system for municipal solid waste landfill siting (Case study: Qazvin province)
        Zahra Asadolahi Naghmeh Mobarghei Mostafa Keshtkar
        10.30495/girs.2020.675967
        Background and ObjectiveRapid urban expansion along with population growth, has significantly amplified the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) in recent years. Despite the importance of burying solid waste as one of the most efficient ways in waste management cyc More
        Background and ObjectiveRapid urban expansion along with population growth, has significantly amplified the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) in recent years. Despite the importance of burying solid waste as one of the most efficient ways in waste management cycle, its basic standards have been neglected in many parts of Iran. Recently, the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been recognized as a suitable tool in landfill site selection studies. In addition, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) has been introduced as a well-known technique to investigate complex decision-making issues such as landfill selection, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the well-known methods of MCDM.  In general, landfill siting based on GIS has two main screening steps including first, removing unsuitable land areas and then ranking remaining areas. Additionally, waste landfill siting mainly depends on information availability related to population characteristics. In this way, it is needed to forecast population in the future. Qazvin as a province in the central part of Iran, is facing a population growth in the recent decade. Comparing the population in 2011 and 2016, it showed an increase of about 1.17 percent of average annual growth in Qazvin's population. Therefore, with regard to the increasing population in this newly established province, it is considered critical to conduct a landfill site selection procedure. To achieve the aim, the present research intended to establish a landfill site regarding environmental factors and using integrated GIS-AHP approach which incorporated into the population forecasting in Qazvin province.Materials and Methods The present study was conducted in three main steps include; initial waste Landfill siting using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), determination of the required landfill area based on population forecasting up to 2046 and final locating of waste landfills using Single Objective Land Allocation (SOLA) in TerrSet software. In the first step, the initial Landfill siting was conducted by the integrated GIS-AHP approach during the process of identifying and selecting the criteria, weighting the criteria, standardizing the criteria and finally integrating the criteria with the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. In the second step, the area required for waste disposal sites was estimated based on population growth rate, per capita waste generation (kg per day) and average groundwater depth. In order to forecast the population growth up to 2046, reports of Iran's Plan and Budget Organization was used.  In the third step, the final sitting of the municipal solid waste was determined with a SOLA in TerrSet software. The initial suitability map was entered into the model as the base input. Also, the estimated area from the second step. In this study, two scenarios were implemented.  In the first scenario, in order to select the appropriate locations, the condition of having the highest value of the map was applied, and in the second scenario, in addition to the mentioned condition, the need to have a 10 km buffer for each of the selected options was considered.Results and Discussion According to the expert's opinions and environmental standards, seven ecological and socio-economic criteria were suggested that each criterion consists of several sub-criteria. Then by implementing the AHP method on the experts’ judgment, the final weight of each criterion and sub-criterion was obtained. After preparing the GIS layers, each of the invoice layers was standardized according to the functions in the fuzzy membership tool and was classified with a range of numbers from 0 to 255. The results showed that in the study area the combination of AHP and GIS for landfill siting is significantly compatible with field observations. GIS is a very powerful tool that could provide a quick assessment of the study area to determine the appropriate location for landfill. The selection of criteria was one of the most important steps in this research. The environmental factors should be considered along with economic factors in choosing a landfill site. Therefore, the eight main criteria of distance from the road, elevation, slope, distance from residential areas, distance from surface waters, distance from protected areas, geology, hydrology and land use were used in their research. The criteria were divided into three parts; morphological, environmental and socio-economic. In this research, in addition to the mentioned criteria, various natural and human parameters such as distance from energy transmission lines, distance from industrial towns and railways, etc. were also used to double the comprehensiveness of the present study. By integrating standardized GIS layers with WLC method, the initial map indicating the distribution of suitability of different sites to waste disposal location in Qazvin province was prepared. By implementing the AHP method into each criterion and combining in GIS, the waste disposal areas in the study area were classified into four classes. According to this classification, the initial map was divided into very good, appropriate, inappropriate and very poor areas.  According to the initial suitability map, the cities of Takestan, Abik and Buin Zahra, with an area of 50.15, 14.55 and 54.48 km2, respectively, had a good condition for landfill location. The suitable places for landfill were the flat territories near the urban and had the advantage of the appropriate access path. Then, using land use allocation algorithm, the best landfill site was identified in two scenarios and three location options for each scenario. In the first scenario, the maximum map value was applied to select the location options. In the second scenario, in addition to the mentioned condition, a 10 km buffer was considered for each location option. Finally, site number one of the first and second scenarios and site number three of the second scenario were identified as priorities. Site number one was selected in the range of Buin Zahra city and near the village of Elahabad. While site number three was located 15 km away from the waste management department of Qazvin city and near the Zinabad village.Conclusion It should be noted that not only the final location of municipal solid waste landfills has not been determined in recent years, but also a comprehensive program in the field of reducing waste production and implementation of waste separation plans from the source in the studied cities has not been implemented.Formation of a future forecasting section on the organizational structure of landfill waste management systems can not only reduce environmental risks but also bring sustainability to economic and social resources. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Application of multi-criteria decision-making methods in land use evaluation to determine municipal waste landfills location
        Khadijhe Safari Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar Rezaian
        10.30495/girs.2023.686158
        Background and Objective Recently, the use of GIS in urban planning has been developed with the rapid expansion of cities and the dramatic increase in the amount of information that must be processed for urban management. This study investigates the best landfill site f More
        Background and Objective Recently, the use of GIS in urban planning has been developed with the rapid expansion of cities and the dramatic increase in the amount of information that must be processed for urban management. This study investigates the best landfill site for Zahedan city using the performance of decision support tools, Network analysis process (ANP) and Weighted linear combination (WLC) for weighting criteria, and map standardization methods based on Boolean and Fuzzy logic in the form of multi-criteria decision-making. Indeed, based on the variables' impacts in locating the waste landfill in Zahedan city, using multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) to weigh and prioritize and evaluate the effective factors are considered to identify the optimal location regarding the ecological potential of the region. The proposed model indicates the priorities of creating different types of decision-making during the evaluation analysis of the development capabilities of the study area.Materials and Methods Developing a multi-criteria evaluation method in a GIS environment to determine and estimate the capability of desirable landfills in Zahedan city is considered. Thus, by preparing a questionnaire by the Delphi method, 18 sub-criteria in two groups of criteria: 1. ecological criteria (Slope, altitude, soil, erosion, fault, precipitation, wind, direction, surface water, groundwater, vegetation, land use, and geology); 2. Socio-economic criteria (Distance from city, village, mine, airport, and road) is determined, and regarding expert's perceptions and using Network Analysis Process (ANP) in super decision software, weights of each criterion were calculated; and in the next step, the layers of criteria were evaluated in a database based on ArcGIS and stored as benchmark maps; and finally using the WLC method were considered to combine all layers to extract the map of a suitable landfill site in Zahedan city.Results and Discussion By fuzzifying 18 layers (criteria) with fuzzy logic and also applying constraints with Boolean logic, 18-layer maps are prepared and by merging layers with one of the common methods of weight linear composition in Multi-criteria decision, the final landfill location map has been explored. In terms of the spatial distribution of suitable landfills in Zahedan city, according to 5 categories of classification, it was found that the highest level of the region is categorized as the low capable class (99.76%) and suitable areas for landfilling in total is around 0.231, also no part of the Zahedan city has a very high or high capability for using as the landfill location, while around the city of Nusratabad, areas with very high and high capability are observed. It was also found that mainly lands with both low and medium capability, are located in the suburban areas of Zahedan and Nusratabad, with 22 units for the city of Zahedan and 35 units for the city of Nusratabad.Conclusion Reviewing the research literature shows the strengths of using a multi-criteria decision-making method to locate landfills, enabling the use of a robust set of interactive tools to regulate compensability between criteria, which allows a quick assessment of the relationship between the criteria. Other strengths of this method include the ability to integrate homogeneous data sets such as qualitative and quantitative criteria using specialized knowledge, the flexibility to select specific criteria for different study areas or various issues, to implement one or more decision-making groups, the flexibility to change the level of criterion importance and different choices for acceptable levels of decision-making risks. By comparing the final outputs related to other areas, it can be concluded that the final results are close and the method is suitable for landfill locations everywhere. Therefore, it is suggested that for other areas, the evaluation of land capability should be examined with the proposed method in this research. However, since the location of landfills by different criteria and the influence of public opinion depends on scientific analysis, we assume that this method has significant potential to support the decision-making complexities of real-world applications. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Assessment of municipal solid waste landfill sites using GIS (Case study: west of Mazandaran province)
        Mohadese Yazdani Seyed Masoud Monavari Ghasem Ali Omrani Mahmoud Shariat Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
        Several factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill site More
        Several factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill sites in the west area of Mazandaran province, located in north of Iran, and the south coast of the Caspian Sea. In order to carry out this assessment, 3 guidelines such as United States Environmental Protection Agency, management and planning organization of Iran and Iran department of environment are used. After reviewing all the specified criteria in each of the guidelines with Arc GIS software and visit the field, the authenticity of each deposit site of the study area and the entire area also was examined; and eventually the appropriate areas were identified. As a result, all of the 10 landfill sites were unsuitable with the Iran department of the environment, according to the management and planning organization of Iran only Marzan abad site was suitable and according to USEPA criteria Noor, Noshahr and Kelar abad were suitable and other site were unsuitable. In the entire studied area 20%, according to the Iran department of environment, 48.5%, according to the management and planning organization of Iran and 77.9% of the study area according to the guideline of USEPA were suitable for landfill siting. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Application of GIS and AHP in Waste Disposal Site Selection (Case Study: Chqabl City)
        Siamak Baharvand Salman Soori
        Waste disposal site selection is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of its enormous impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region. Waste disposal site selection process aims to locate the areas that will minimize hazards More
        Waste disposal site selection is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of its enormous impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region. Waste disposal site selection process aims to locate the areas that will minimize hazards to the environment and public health. The purpose of this study was to determine suitable waste disposal site selection by using the geographical information system and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the study area. In this study first, with using related equations was calculated adequate area to burial chghabale solid waste for 20 years then by using of many data layers such as lithology, land use, soil, road, groundwater and … by using GIS and AHP model was attempted to choice the best location for burial waste of chghabale. According to the results obtained from the map for the site selection of landfill, 15.36%, 20.34%, 27.56%, 29.08% and 7.62% of the site area are located in the very unsuitable, unsuitable, moderate, suitable and the best suitable area, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Effects of clay nanoparticles added to the bonab landfill soil to reduce the permeability and control of leachate
        Mohammad Azar-Afza ابراهیم Asghari-Koljahi M.R Mashrafifar
        Solid waste excretion is one of the problems of urbanization. The last element obligated the waste managementsystem and the final destiny all wastes should be discarded is bury. Engineering buried sanitary landfill methodof waste disposal in land, is to prevent harm to More
        Solid waste excretion is one of the problems of urbanization. The last element obligated the waste managementsystem and the final destiny all wastes should be discarded is bury. Engineering buried sanitary landfill methodof waste disposal in land, is to prevent harm to the environment. Landfills in the case of non-compliance withengineering principles, the ability to create very high pollution in the environment, groundwater, surface waterand soil. that is have concerned authorities and the public. One of the major landfill pollution, the infecting iscaused by the movement of leachate and groundwater contamination. In the design and management of landfills,leachate control, body construction, drainage channels design, is one of the most important factors. Control andreduce the permeability of the landfill is critical environmental factors. To reduce the permeability of the landfillbody used geomembranes, clay layers and other impermeable materials.In this study, the effects of added nanoparticles of clay to landfill body soil to reduced permeability has beeninvestigated. This study located in the Bonab city of East Azarbaijan. The results show that adding 3% to 9%clay nanoparticles caused a significant reduction in soil permeability of landfill body. So that the soilpermeability reduced from 3.25×10-6 to 4.22× 10-7 centimeter per second in normal leachate conditions. In acidicleachate conditions soil permeability reduced from 3.83×10-6 to 7.20× 10-7 centimeter per second and in alkalineor basic leachate conditions from 2.76×10-6 to 2.02× 10-7 centimeter per second. Thus, the addition of clay andclay nanoparticles significantly reduce the permeability of landfill body to passing leachate. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Landfil location in Quchan city using the integration of the GIS system and the MCDA method
        Zakieh Ghauor Morteza Razmara
        Solid waste burying is the last option in solid waste management. In this regard, the main objective is the safe and long-term disposal of solid waste with consideration of environmental and health aspects. Various variables should be considered in the location. Therefo More
        Solid waste burying is the last option in solid waste management. In this regard, the main objective is the safe and long-term disposal of solid waste with consideration of environmental and health aspects. Various variables should be considered in the location. Therefore, identification of ways to achieve this goal is necessary and necessary. The present research was carried out to determine the environmental location of urban waste landfills in Quchan city using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy model, GIS (Geographical Information System (GIS)) using Expert Choice software. . In this research, the layers necessary for the location of 12 layers including geological maps, soil study, land use, slope of the area, topography, the location of villages, urban areas, surface water and underground waters, direction The dominant winds, roads and faults were collected and then, based on landfill landfill criteria, the layers were scored and weighed. The maps after the final weighting obtained from the hierarchical process were combined and the final map was extracted. Based on the final map of the fuzzy logic model and hierarchical analysis, 46% are in prohibited areas, 8% have inappropriate conditions, 24% have moderate conditions, 14% have good conditions, and 8% have very good conditions. Two Its area is suitable and very suitable and is located in the southwest. In these areas, the groundwater level is low and the lithology of the area is tuff dacity and latite. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Cutting waste landfill zoning using AHP Fuzzy (Case study: Khorram Bid Township)
        hamidreza amiri Tahereh Erfanmannesh Sanaz Falah
        Current industrial cities in terms of mining, ore crushing and production units located in that area could be contaminated with particulate matter, especially heavy metals such as lead, nickel -Zinc, copper, cadmium, etc. are various forms. On the other hand disrupt the More
        Current industrial cities in terms of mining, ore crushing and production units located in that area could be contaminated with particulate matter, especially heavy metals such as lead, nickel -Zinc, copper, cadmium, etc. are various forms. On the other hand disrupt the daily lives of those residents near waste disposal sites are essential to prevent the need for waste disposal location. The researcher sought the appropriate location for solid waste landfill Khorram Bid Township in the province is using GIS. To achieve this objective, criteria such as slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use, lines of communication, distance from the settlement, distance from the wells and aqueducts, distance from surface water is used. Then, for each of the factors at zoning cutting waste landfill was prepared in GIS data layers and each layer was weighted. Then, to modeling, to each of the data layers based on their importance in landfill zoning stonework using AHP model is assigned an appropriate weight. The following layers were normalized using fuzzy functions. The results of layers lands on the information to select suitable sites for landfill classified into five classesThus, according to research that the final map, the north and northeast of the city for which it is intended. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Investigating the Pollution of Heavy Metals at the Bottom of Solid Waste Landfill in Yazd
        sara gilvari Ali Reza Mazloumi Bajestani Syed Abolfazl Kashfi Hamid Reza Rahim Del
        In today's growing world that explosive population growth it has an endemic growth of residual and its specific contamination, the environmentalists' minds are concerned about the extent to which the material can endanger the environment, water, soil and More
        In today's growing world that explosive population growth it has an endemic growth of residual and its specific contamination, the environmentalists' minds are concerned about the extent to which the material can endanger the environment, water, soil and air. The unhealthy disposal of solid waste on different organisms at different concentrations and pollution intensities will produce different effects. The purpose of this study, environmental assessment Yazd solid waste landfill for this purpose, environmental sampling of the environmental elements of the current landfill site and determine the composition of municipal solid waste was done. The results of the well water analysis showed a slightly higher concentration of some of the investigated elements in the lower reaches of the burial site than the World Health Organization's (2008) standard for drinking. Soil analysis results showed a slight increase in the concentration of some elements in and near the landfill (in the direction of the slope of the layers), compared to the Canadian standard (2004) for agriculture. The analysis of the well water in the control and sample samples was lower (far from the burial site), and the concentration of the elements was close to the normal range. In relation to the analysis of leachate, the parameters are not consistent with the irrigation and agricultural standards of the Water Pollution Control Agency (2011). Finally, it can be said that the results of the analyzes did not show the widespread and critical effects of burial on the environment, especially the urban environment. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Landfill Site Selection Using Geographic Information System(Case study: Javanrood City)
        hazhir karimi Sadri Seifi Saeed Nouri
        Determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it is necessary to consider different factors and criteria in the landfill sitting process. In this study, in order to consider all parameters, a combination of Geographic Information More
        Determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it is necessary to consider different factors and criteria in the landfill sitting process. In this study, in order to consider all parameters, a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) was used for landfill site selection in Javanrood County. For the purpose of making decisions in landfill site selection different parameters have been identified, including distance to groundwater, distance to surface water, land cover, distance to urban and rural areas, land uses, distance to roads, slope, distance to faults and geology type. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and mapped by GIS. Then, the layer was standardized and the relative importance of criteria to each other was determined by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method was applied to evaluate the land suitability. Data were assorted into four suitability classes within the study area, i.e., high, moderate, low and very low suitability areas. Based on the results, 15% was determined to be suitable for a landfill site. Finally, two candidate sites were determined after field investigation Manuscript profile
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        45 - Analysis of geological evaluation of urban landfill in GIS
        talieh abdolkhani nezhad seyid masoud monavari morteza siyavashi saeeid zareei
        The main purpose of the analysis and final evaluation of urban geology landfill in geographic information systems to identify and locate the major projects of urban landfill in the city of Bushehr, access to the necessary information and accurate they primarily based on More
        The main purpose of the analysis and final evaluation of urban geology landfill in geographic information systems to identify and locate the major projects of urban landfill in the city of Bushehr, access to the necessary information and accurate they primarily based on studies with selection options grand designs of city landfill in the province introduced And another group has performed detailed studies on the specification of the preferred option in this study is considered expansion and rehabilitation of to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakes and low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classification erosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. The results showed current landfill Bushehr flood facies in the study area expansion is moderate. Gas permeability of 4-10 cm per second permeability is relatively good. Categorizing erosion in the study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. Quaternary deposits Heights area of ​​erosion formations and carry it by its flood flows. These deposits are widely distributed in the study area. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Landfill Location construction waste Yazd using Analytical Hierarchy Methods
        Javad Ghanei Ardakani Seyyed Abolfazl Kashfi
        The growth of urban population, thus continuing the upward trend in production and waste discharge into the environment, humans and the environment surrounding the multiple problems stems. Including concern due to the increasing population and development in the city, a More
        The growth of urban population, thus continuing the upward trend in production and waste discharge into the environment, humans and the environment surrounding the multiple problems stems. Including concern due to the increasing population and development in the city, a certain type of proper management of waste, construction waste and reducing pollution caused by it is the environmental. Hence the proper management of construction waste, locating the perfect place for burial in landfill construction will be necessary. Determine the location of the tomb optimal health and favorable requirements engineering methods and processes that optimize the performance of each of them affect the final result. the natural environment surrounding landfill is investigated. Despite multiple parameters in the landfill, better managing time, cost and complexity of design, powerful tools of GIS have been used. By collecting and combining data layers required to determine suitable areas for construction waste landfill Yazd hierarchical analysis method was used. Information relevant weighting of each layer and the substrate and the final map using layers of privacy, forbidden zones removed. 4 The final map of area was perfectly fit in the category. Due to the impact of the prevailing wind direction is ultimately the best place for landfill was diagnosed two regions. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Compare spatial analysis Minnesota Pollution Control Agency of landfill in Bushehr and the Environmental Protection Agency's
        طلیعه Abdolkhani nejhad S.M Monavari سعید Zarei
        Development of land in the area of natural resources and human threats to the environment from various sourcesis imported. This study aimed to compare the results of the Minnesota Pollution Control method Bushehr landfillsite selection and environmental protection organ More
        Development of land in the area of natural resources and human threats to the environment from various sourcesis imported. This study aimed to compare the results of the Minnesota Pollution Control method Bushehr landfillsite selection and environmental protection organizations in the GIS were studied. Methods Minnesota PollutionControl consists of two groups of factors. The first group of six playoff factor and the second group of sevensecondary condition factor, failure to meet the six primary factor in eliminating the desired location.Environmental criteria are examined and the distance from surface water, airport, away from roads andhighways, are wells, wetlands, and sensitive earthquake-prone areas, terrain, annual waste deep undergroundwater, land use, erosion, cover Plant and primary and secondary factors were determined in Minnesota with theuse of GIS. The results showed landfill in Bushehr current zoning and distance from the aqueduct and Jshmhhaymost studied area in Minnesota inappropriate criteria in categories B, a secondary index. According to theEnvironmental Protection Agency, landfills% 43.75% 56.25 appropriate and inappropriate. This limiting factor,distance from surface water, exposure to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakesand low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classificationerosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. Manuscript profile
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        48 - The Need for Environmental Assessment and Field Surveys in Landfill Location Studies (Case Study: Yazd City)
        sara gilvari alireza Mazloumi Bajestanib Syed Abolfazl kashfi alireza sarsangi aliabad
        The need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each More
        The need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each project is needed. The purpose of the environmental impact assessment is to ensure that managers and experts meet the goals set in a project in accordance with government and environmental regulations. The first step towards achieving this goal will be exploring the study area. In this research, the Leopold matrix was used for environmental assessment of landfill location in Yazd. Environmental assessment was done on the problems resulting from landfill on the environment and living organisms of the area in the environmental assessment area by visiting the field of the current landfill site of Yazd. The total score of the results of the Leopold Environmental Assessment Matrix related to the current landfill site was -214. Therefore, it is possible to carry out management solutions to improve the status of the current landfill. By performing location studies using the hierarchical analysis method, zone one was designated as a suitable landfill site. The soil permeability gradient curve of the selected region was prepared and the soil type of this region was clayey silt. Which will be suitable for landfill. Manuscript profile
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        49 - The Geomorphological RoleIn TheManagement and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal By Using The GIS in the city of Evaz
        Mohmmad Ebrahim Afifi
        The Geomorphological RoleIn TheManagement and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal By Using The GIS in the city of EvazPlanning and urban management requires a systematic and comprehensive approach to the various aspects of the city. One of the aspects of the city th More
        The Geomorphological RoleIn TheManagement and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal By Using The GIS in the city of EvazPlanning and urban management requires a systematic and comprehensive approach to the various aspects of the city. One of the aspects of the city that if not managed properly can cause disruptions in the geographic area is the Management and Location of Urban waste disposal. the most important issues in the discussion of Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal, are the Geomorphologic factors contributing to this proces. The aim of the present study, management and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal of Evaz, The assessment of landfill sites for the Locational acceptance of Geomorphologic factors.According to the characteristics of the study area and the survey of experts, 10 effective factor in determining the site of the landfill in Evaz. Method of study, is the Descriptive analysis using geographic information systems. The results show that Current site of the landfill From the perspective of geomorphologically, Ecological conditions of the region, And standards of the world in the best possible site is located And problems in the field, associated to The method of collection, transport and disposal of wasteKey words: results city ،GIS، Site rubbish، Process hierarchical ( AHP) Manuscript profile
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        50 - Landfill Site Selection in Haftkel County (Khuzestan Province) using GIS techniques based on Fuzzy-AHP
        Akram Keramat Mohammad Sadegh Zangeneh
        Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in different parts of the world. This problem is more severe in developing countries, which contain a large part of the world's population. The current research is to locate the landfill site selection More
        Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in different parts of the world. This problem is more severe in developing countries, which contain a large part of the world's population. The current research is to locate the landfill site selection in Haftkal county, Khuzestan. In this study, three main morphological, environmental and socio-economic criteria were considered. Sub-criteria include slope, elevation, geology, distance from faults, distance from water wells, distance from water surface, distance from roads, distance from oil and gas pipelines, distance from high voltage power transmission lines, distance from residential areas, distance from protected areas and landuse. According to the conditions of the city and with the help of experts' opinion, the main morphological criterion with 0.443 was assigned the most points and importance among the main criteria .Also among the sub-criteria slope, geology, distance from underground water wells and distance from roads got the most points. In this study, Geographic Information System techniques such as Weighted Sum, Fuzzy Overlay and Boolean was used and among the used Fuzzy Sum and Weighted Sum methods introduced the most suitable lands for the construction of a landfill site and the methods of Fuzzy Gamma 0.3 and Fuzzy Product were the most strict functions and they identified 171.14 square kilometers and 124.01 square kilometers of land in Haftkal as suitable for the construction of a landfill site. According to Boolean's logic the current landfill site of Haftkal is located in an inappropriate place and in the other of the studied methods it is in the average range. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Location of municipal landfills Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) In GIS environment (Case study of Qazvin city)
        Mojtaba Ebrahim beiki keshmarzi
        Solid waste is an integral part of human life and the production of its types in different quantities and qualities is one of the most important environmental problems of the present age. To prevent environmental pollution in the community, waste must be disposed of hyg More
        Solid waste is an integral part of human life and the production of its types in different quantities and qualities is one of the most important environmental problems of the present age. To prevent environmental pollution in the community, waste must be disposed of hygienically and engineeringly. One of the methods of waste disposal is engineering waste disposal method. In this study, our emphasis is on the impact of ecological factors on the location of urban solid waste landfills in Qazvin city using spatial analysis in GIS environment for optimal location of municipal landfills. For this purpose, the required digital data was collected and then transferred to the ArcGIS environment. After creating the database, multi-criteria analytical decision-making models were implemented, the reliable method of AHP hierarchical analysis. As a result, by using the AHP method, hierarchical criteria have been used to locate a suitable sanitary place for landfilling of generated waste in Qazon city, and the most optimal place has been selected from 4 proposed places for sanitary landfilling of waste. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Solid Waste positioning using a combination of ANP-DEMATEL in GIS (Case Study city Boyerahmad)
        saeed maleki rahim akbarimehr
        municipal solid waste management under the sustainable management of regional and sustainable development is an imperative The main objective of this research location in the city Boyer Solid Waste and approach to the modeling and mapping. This study aimed to study the More
        municipal solid waste management under the sustainable management of regional and sustainable development is an imperative The main objective of this research location in the city Boyer Solid Waste and approach to the modeling and mapping. This study aimed to study the functional and cross-methodological point of view is that the study of literature in the field of theoretical basis of ten indicators were extracted. Given the pattern of impact and influence in the process of determining the best location for landfill techniques for modeling the combined Anp-Dematel View Ali in the form of indices, it is used to determine the weight and priority. And then using the Distance and Reclassify the Spatial Analyst Tools tool set privacy levels were appropriate based on existing standards Also suitable for mapping the spatial distribution of the means of FUZZY OVERLAY landfill from the set of tools available in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tools the software is used. The results at two levels, separated in the following thematic benchmark results are from surface water sources with the most influential impact index 0.145 And the criteria for protected areas with the most impact index was 0.72 impressionable The results revealed the location of 541,449 square kilometers, an area of 72,248 square kilometers, the city Boyer 34/13 percent The situation is quite appropriate, and suggested that the first level: Due to the proximity and distance operating costs and the avoidance of pollution Surface water was offered the right place. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Analysis of how to manage urban waste with the approach of strategic planning (Case Study: City Miandoab)
        Nobakht Sobhani Somayeh Mohammadi Majid Akbari Maryam Beyranvandzadeh
        Due to population growth and the development of increased consumption significantly increased the volume of municipal waste and disposal of this waste has a detailed process including site selection, preparation and operation of the site is Each of these steps requires More
        Due to population growth and the development of increased consumption significantly increased the volume of municipal waste and disposal of this waste has a detailed process including site selection, preparation and operation of the site is Each of these steps requires proper management of various aspects of environmental, social and economic harm to the bear minimum. The purpose of this article, the management of urban waste is the city mentioned. Type of research, and its applications as well as descriptive - analytical is and to collect information from field studies and library and SWOT model was used to analyze it. results show that Traditionally, without separation and recycling of waste with a score of (0.42), Improper disposal of waste by weight rating (0.34) and Low level of service facilities and equipment, The major obstacles to manage landfill are the city mentioned. On the other hand, the importance of recycling and Its economic potential and be mechanized garbage collection and an increase in the population covered by the civil service as the most important strengthsGovernment regulations and protect the environment And finally, the proximity of the landfill to rural areas, Garbage leachate flows on land and Increase environmental problems and Lack of attention to the recycling industry officials and city managers as the main threat facing the city mentioned in the management of waste were identified. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Assessment of land suitability for urban landfill site selection with an emphasis on natural factors (Case study:Joghatay City )
        Ebrahim Taghavimoghadam zahra porian mohamad ali zaganeh asadi ebrahim amiri
        Iran produces over 48,000 tons of waste per day (three times the global standard), which imposes huge costs on municipal spending every day. In terms of economic factors, land use, and access. In this research, Geodatabase database was created in ARC.Map .10.5 software More
        Iran produces over 48,000 tons of waste per day (three times the global standard), which imposes huge costs on municipal spending every day. In terms of economic factors, land use, and access. In this research, Geodatabase database was created in ARC.Map .10.5 software using topographic maps, geology, statistics and climatic and demographic and hydrological information and satellite images. 11 digital layers were made of factors affecting landfills in geomorphological, geological, hydro-climatic, environmental and access subdivisions. Then, appropriate and appropriate weights were given by surveying the experts and urban experts, and the criteria of the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) were proposed. The best areas for burying waste. Demonstrated population data analysis from 1985 to 1995, the population of Jaghtai will reach 1,730 in 1415, given the population growth rate and production will be 43,800 tons of waste, so a 2-hectare area is needed to bury the waste. The research results show that 43 square kilometers of the central part of Jaghtai is suitable for the creation of a landfill site; which is one of the options. It is also recommended to use the site of the southwestern marginal site of Jaghtai city suitable for temporary landfill, construction of waste separation unit or compost production unit due to excellent access. Manuscript profile
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        55 - locating landfill in urban areas by Analysis Network Process(ANP)
        Najmeh Vafadoost جواد میکانیکی
        It is essential to ensure that environmental regulations are observed and that sustainable development goals are taken into account as well to prevent environmental pollution. The location of waste landfill sites and the achievement of sustainable development goals must More
        It is essential to ensure that environmental regulations are observed and that sustainable development goals are taken into account as well to prevent environmental pollution. The location of waste landfill sites and the achievement of sustainable development goals must be supervised. The study area is Gonabad city in Khorasan Razavi province. It has three urban points (Gonabad-Kakhk-Bidokht) Which is burial of urban waste near two cities of Gonabad and Kakhk. The purpose of this research is to provide optimal and desirable locations for urban waste dumping in Gonabad city. The first stage of municipal waste management is their proper location. For this research, the most important indicators used for locating were: distance from water resources, vegetation, soil texture, elevation, gradient, distance from communication paths, distance from faults, and the distance from demographic points. Layers and data were weighed on the basis of ANP and using the GIS, suitable landfill locations for urban areas were identified. Then, the ANP model final map after the formation of the network and the calculation of weights were obtained by successive sum of standardized layers and the resulting map was classified in four zones (perfectly suitable, appropriate, relatively suitable and inappropriate). The method of research is based on the descriptive-analytical nature and based on the purpose of applied research. For collecting information, two methods of documentary and field-survey have been used. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        56 - Locality Evaluation of Urban Waste Landfill (Case Study: Andika Township)
        Ali mohamad emami
        Abstract One of the serious, potential and growing problems in many urban areas, especially in developing countries, is the management of waste and the selection of suitable sites for its disposal and burial. This issue is very important for our country, and especially More
        Abstract One of the serious, potential and growing problems in many urban areas, especially in developing countries, is the management of waste and the selection of suitable sites for its disposal and burial. This issue is very important for our country, and especially the Andika, due to issues and constraints, and most importantly the challenge of quantity and quality of water. Therefore, in this study, suitable locations for dumping landfills in the Andika city using the integration of GIS spatial knowledge and multi criteria decision analysis on hydrological factors, human factors and accessibility, geomorphology, geology and ecology were extracted and introduced. For this purpose, 15 layers of input map were prepared and analyzed in GIS environment. Effective factors were weighed, limitations were applied and places with high, moderate and low proportions in the Andika township were extracted and suggested. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        57 - An Investigation on Proper Location of Urban Waste Landfill (Case Study: Shooshtar)
        saleh torki zadeh Hossein Eslami
        Finding a suitable sanitation landfill is a complex process that depends on various factors and criteria. The purpose of this research is to select suitable location for sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste in Shushtar city based on environmental, health and econo More
        Finding a suitable sanitation landfill is a complex process that depends on various factors and criteria. The purpose of this research is to select suitable location for sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste in Shushtar city based on environmental, health and economic criteria. In this research, the capabilities and methods based on the GIS and the process of fuzzy hierarchy analysis have been used. In the first stage, the parameters affecting the landfill location include geology, groundwater maps, distance from wells, land use, faults, slope of land, river, flood areas, protected areas, distance maps from main roads, layers The distance was from rural urban centers and were selected. After the standard maps were prepared, standardization of the layers was performed. Then, using the fuzzy hierarchy process analysis, the weight of the criteria was calculated and after applying the weights in the corresponding layers, the overlaying of the layers was performed with the help of fuzzy functions. The result of the combination of layers indicates the proper places for burial, waste. The final landfill map was classified as waste landfill. The results showed that the areas around the villages of Abbagni, Baneh Kazem, Shirkishan and Abdol Amir are suitable as suitable areas for urban waste disposal. Keywords: location, waste landfill, fuzzy hierarchy analysis, geographic information system Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        58 - Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb ILam Province
        azim alishaei fariba hemmati
        Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welf More
        Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welfare of society, and accelerated social and economic developments in the countries have led to a rapid increase in waste production, and a change in the consumption pattern resulted in a change in the quality of solid waste.Research Aim: Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb.Methodology: In the present study, the required maps and information were collected from various resources and transformed into data layers to be used in the ArcGIS software environment with respect to the effective factors in site selection. AHP was employed as a decision-making technique due to its prevalent and effective application for assessing the suitability for landfill.Studied Areas: The city of Eyvan location falls at 33° 50' N, 46° 20'.Results: The Criteria for this study are as follows: Land use, soil type and land capability, quality and depth of groundwater, geology, the intensity of rainfall, heights, grading, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from power transition lines, distance from well and fountain, distance from protected areas.Conclusion: The most suitable location included 7.98% of the area of the region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        59 - Locational of Zahak municipal landfill, using Geographic Information System (GIS)
        Mohammadali Enayat Mojtaba Ansarifar Jafar Rahnamarad Kazem Shabani Goraji Amin Narouei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        60 - Experimental study of the nanoclays effects on soil permeability reduction to preparing Landfill liners vs leachate
        Bagher Jafari Karim Abbasian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - Application of nanoclay and nanofiber filters to reduce soil permeability and leachates from landfill liners: A Review
        Mahdi Nikbakht Fariba Behrooz Sarand Rouzbeh Dabiri Masoud Bonab
        10.30495/geotech.2022.693134
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        62 - Land suitability evaluation of Tabriz landfill by simple limitation method.
        Amir Yousefzadeh ebrahim Pazira mohammad hasan Masihabadi naser nazari maryam Dadgar forog Allahyaripour
           In this order to localization of sanitary landfills, the requirements of applying the studied site as a landfill were collected, and a table was designed according to FAO for determining the degree of land suitability for using as the sanitary landfill. The More
           In this order to localization of sanitary landfills, the requirements of applying the studied site as a landfill were collected, and a table was designed according to FAO for determining the degree of land suitability for using as the sanitary landfill. The data related to the quality of Tabriz’s landfill site were collected and after fitting them to the mentioned table, the degree of its suitability was specified. Based on the results of quality recognition of  the utilized site as the landfill of Tabriz, and its comparison with the necessary criteria for being sanitary (table 1), the suitability degree of the landfill of Tabriz was determined as S3 representing low suitability of the used site as Tabriz’s landfill. In conclution, the suggestions for preven surface and subterranean water resources pollution used for irrigation in agriculture using impermeable layers like geomembrane and geotextile, making  drainage system to collect the produced latex, and pumping it out of the landfill, using of evaporation ponds, separation hospitable and inhospitable wastes, separation of dry waste from wet waste in the source were recommended. Manuscript profile

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