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Open Access Article
1 - Historical Evolution of Qajar House of Baqeri in Gorgan
Behnam Qelichkhani -
Open Access Article
2 - A comparison of different heuristic, mathematical, and intelligent methods in urban landscape aesthetic evaluation (Case study: Gorgan city)
Sepideh Saeidi seyed hamed mirkarimi marjan mohamadzadeh abdoulrasoul salman mahiniIn today's era, human interventions have caused chaos in landscape patterns and degradation in landscape quality. Therefore, identifying landscape aesthetic beauty, and also fundamental planning and valuable areas, and proper planning and design in order to protect and MoreIn today's era, human interventions have caused chaos in landscape patterns and degradation in landscape quality. Therefore, identifying landscape aesthetic beauty, and also fundamental planning and valuable areas, and proper planning and design in order to protect and promote the aesthetic value seem to be necessary and unavoidable. In this research, the aim is to investigate the performance of various experimental methods (multi-criteria evaluation using weighted linear combination), mathematical (logistic regression), and intelligent (neural network)) in estimating the suitability of the aesthetic value of Gorgan city. After theoretical studies and determination of effective criteria, mapping and standardization of the criteria were done and finally, the map of aesthetic-value suitability was prepared based on the methods of weighted linear combination, neural network, and logistic regression. In order to evaluate the performance of different methods and choose the optimal method, ground control points and ROC validation methods were used. The results showed that in the map resulting from the weighted linear combination method, a large part of the data was lost as a result of the linear combination of layers and weighting, and the neural network method with intelligent performance and the ability to combine and analyze non-linearly compared to the weighted linear combination method and also performing back and forth analysis compared to the logistic regression method, better separates the value of the studied area. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that when there is little knowledge about the studied area and it is not possible to conduct field surveys to record valuable points of view, performing the weighted linear combination method can be a solution, but if it is possible to conduct field surveys to prepare a map of real educational samples as a dependent variable, more accurate results can be obtained with the help of the neural network method and logistic regression, more accurate results can be achieved, and in the meantime, the intelligent neural network method has a higher ability to distinguish the values of the environment image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Synoptic patterns of the flood rains of Gorgan River
بهلول Alijani طواق GholparnianIn order to study and identify the pressure patterns responsible for the floods of theGorgan River the dates of the sudden increase of daily discharge of the river wereextracted for each calendar month during the 1968-1998 period. For each calendarmonth one intensive an MoreIn order to study and identify the pressure patterns responsible for the floods of theGorgan River the dates of the sudden increase of daily discharge of the river wereextracted for each calendar month during the 1968-1998 period. For each calendarmonth one intensive and widespread flood was selected. The weather maps of thesedays at the surface and 500 hPa levels were analysed and the main pressure patternswere determined.The results showed four distinctive patterns: cyclonic, anticyclonic, warm front, andlocal cold front. The anticyclonic pattern was the most frequent one which is followedby the cyclonic pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Assessment of Geomorphologic parameters in physical development of Gorgan city
Somayeh Emadodin Fakhrodin NamjouMany cities of Iran are faced with Geomorphological constrains in Physical development trend .Gorgan city is located in the northern region of the country and it cannot be extended widely, because it is confront with physical constraints of urban development like approp MoreMany cities of Iran are faced with Geomorphological constrains in Physical development trend .Gorgan city is located in the northern region of the country and it cannot be extended widely, because it is confront with physical constraints of urban development like appropriate agricultural land, forests, rivers and hills on the margin of town. The purpose of this study is identifying effective variables of urban Physical development and presenting the model which locates future development of Gorgan with minimal damage to the natural environment. The results show that current status of Gorgan is restricted to the forest through South and other part by agricultural lands. For the physical development has two selection: 1- Urban development is possible with more building density to urban buildings.2- Suburban development in areas that are suitable for physical development of Gorgan.Therefore, the best places for future of Gorgan development are part of the east and west of Gorgan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Developing optimal scenarios of creative regeneration of gorgan city
kazem taghinejad saeed yazdani Ali Reza Sheikholeslami Abbas Malek HosseiniBackground and Objective: in order to address the problems and problems of city monuments, the urban knowledge is obliged to replace it in a creative and creative way to recreate it. Therefore, future futures studies have emerged as a new paradigm for long - term view o MoreBackground and Objective: in order to address the problems and problems of city monuments, the urban knowledge is obliged to replace it in a creative and creative way to recreate it. Therefore, future futures studies have emerged as a new paradigm for long - term view on issues facing cities, with the aim of responding to unpredictable problems, futures futures and desirable futures in recent decades. In this regard, the present study attempts to formulate the optimal scenarios of creative regeneration of the city of gorgan city.Material and Methodology: in this study, first with the environment scan and Delphi method, 40 primary factors are extracted in four different social - cultural fields, management and planning, physical factors and economic factors, and then by using the Delphi method. In the next step, using structural analysis in MICMAC software has been attempted to analyze the matrix.Findings: Based on the results of the Wizard Scenario, Scenario Nos. (2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16) are obtained as static or unbelievable scenarios. The historical context of Gorgan is imaginable.Discussion and Conclusion: Thus, in the short term (1404), the scenario of gradual decline in the quality of historical texture in Gorgan, with the short-term improvement of management factors and the decline of economic factors, is the most likely scenario, but in the long-term future, the cross-sectional improvement of management factors and policy inefficiencies may provide the opportunity to enhance economic factors. Do not allow this scenario to move to a disaster scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing of Urban Green Space Changes in Gorgan City Using Landscape Metrics
Bibi Sara Daz Ata Ghaffari Gilandeh Ali AziziBackground and Objective: Rapid urbanization and vast changes in land cover have disrupted the urban green patches environmental structure and functions. Identifying and understanding these changes is necessary to improve the urban green patches situation in any place. MoreBackground and Objective: Rapid urbanization and vast changes in land cover have disrupted the urban green patches environmental structure and functions. Identifying and understanding these changes is necessary to improve the urban green patches situation in any place. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of green patches of Gorgan City using landscape metrics, remote sensing and geographical information system techniques. Method: In this research, Landsat satellite images for 1987, 2001, and 2014 have been used to provide land use/cover maps of Gorgan City. After conducting the preprocessing, classification of the images was done using the supervised method and the maximum likelihood algorithm. Then the maps were reclassified in three classes namely built-up areas, green patches and other land uses. Afterwards, in order to investigate the changes in urban green patches, landscape metrics including Class Area, Number of Patch, Mean Patch Size, Mean Size Index and Edge Density was used. Findings: Findings show that from 1987 to 2014, green patches, especially agricultural and forest lands, has been decreased and built-up areas has been increased. During these 27 years, built-up areas have increased approximately 15/86 km2 and green patches have decreased approximately 6/53 Km2. Also, the analysis of landscape metrics shows a decrease in the number and size of green patches due to fragmentation and disintegration. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of 27 years’ green patches dynamic in Gorgan City show that the green patch of the city has been significantly reduced and fragmented. Therefore, studying urban green patch changes using new ecological approaches and methods, is necessary in any urban planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Change point analysis of discharge time series in some hydrometric stations in Golestan Province
Ebrahim Asgari Raoof Mostafazadeh Khadije HajiBackground and Objective: Change point analysis technique is an important method to detect potential change in time series. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine and analysis of change points in the annual discharge of Golestan Province over 20 MoreBackground and Objective: Change point analysis technique is an important method to detect potential change in time series. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine and analysis of change points in the annual discharge of Golestan Province over 20 hydrometric stations in a 34-years period. Methodology: Time and magnitude of change points have been defined and the results have been analysed along with variations of temperature and precipitation through the study area. According to the results, a significant positive correlation is exist between discharge and precipitation (p<0.001). While, the correlation between discharge and temperature had a negative non-significant correlation. Findings: The results showed that the dominance of change points are decreasing over the study area along with some increasing and no change cases. The number of significant decreasing points were significantly higher than increasing changes and the major changes had occurred in the 1994, 1995, and 1998 years in 4, 5, and 3 stations, respectively (the decreasing points happened over 1994-1998-time span). The highest observed changes was related to Lazoureh station in 1980 and 2011 years which the values of changes in discharge were 3.01 and 0.9 cubic meter per seconds, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the number and amount of changes in water discharge can be determined by the change point analysis technique. Understanding the trends decrease or increase in watershed rainfall and discharge have an important role in water resources management and water-related issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparison of Procedure of Artificial Neural Networks, Logistic Regression and Similarity Weighted Instance-Based Learning in Modeling and Predicting the Destruction of the Forest (Case Study: Gorgan-Rood Watershed- Golestan Province)
zeynab moradi Ali Reza Mikaeili-TBackground and Objective: The change in forest cover plays a vital role in ecosystem services, atmospheric carbon balance and thus climate change. The goal of this study is comparison of three procedure of Artificial Neural Network, Logistic regression and Similarity we MoreBackground and Objective: The change in forest cover plays a vital role in ecosystem services, atmospheric carbon balance and thus climate change. The goal of this study is comparison of three procedure of Artificial Neural Network, Logistic regression and Similarity weighted Instance-based Learning (SIM Weight) to predict spatial trend of forest cover change. Method: In this study, land use maps for the periods 1984 and 2012 derived from Landsat TM satellite imagery, was used. Transition potential modeling using artificial neural network, Logistic regression and Similarity weighted Instance-based Learning and prediction based on the best model using Markov chain model was performed. In order to assess the accuracy of modeling, statistics of relative performance characteristic (ROC), ratio Hits/False Alarms and figure of merit was used. Findings: The results show the accuracy of artificial neural network with the ROC equal to 0.975, the ratio Hits/False Alarms equal to 63 percent and the figure of merit is equal to 12 percent. Discussion and Conclusions: Artificial Neural Networks in comparison with Logistic Regression and Similarity weighted Instance-based Learning has higher accuracy and less error in modeling and predicting of forest changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Choice of Location of Underground Dams Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods TOPSIS and GIS in the Eastern Part of the Watershed of Gorganroud
Mohammad Reza Dahmardeh Ghaleno Ghasem Mirzaei Ehsan AlvandiBackground and Objective: Groundwater dams are structures that have the ability to block subcortical water, retain water in local aquifers or divert water to adjacent aquifers, raise groundwater levels, store and make available groundwater. Taking into account the envir MoreBackground and Objective: Groundwater dams are structures that have the ability to block subcortical water, retain water in local aquifers or divert water to adjacent aquifers, raise groundwater levels, store and make available groundwater. Taking into account the environmental and socio-economic benefits of underground dams, proper location is the first step in the construction of these dams. New and innovative methods for correct location reduce the risks associated with improper location and construction of underground dams. For this purpose, in this research, through the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods along with the high capabilities of ArcGIS software, suitable location of underground dams in the eastern part of Gorganrood watershed in Golestan province has been done. Method: Criteria were considered including slope, drainage, geology, topography, land use, fault, soil texture, and positions of village. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to weighting the criteria. Then the TOPSIS technique is used to integrate criteria maps and locating underground dams. Findings: A consistency rate of 0.03, showed a relatively high accuracy of weighting process. Considering the normal weights, slope and positions of village were found to be the most and the least effective criteria, respectively. The results showed that the study area is classified into four categories for constructing underground dams: very suitable, suitable, partly suitable and unsuitable. The unsuitable category has the highest percentage of the surface area (76.7 percent) and the very suitable category has the lowest percentage of the surface area (2.1 percent). Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, with considering high capacities of multiple-criteria decision-making methods and GIS in locating underground dams, as expert opinions are more accurate and data are newer and it is more possible to get better results from these techniques and tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Monitoring and modelling of forest changes in Gorgan area using Geomod
Somayeh Galdavi Marjan Mohammadzadeh rassoul Mahiny Ali Najafi NejadBackground and Objective: Each year, a wide range of forests change to the other uses such as agricultural and residential lands. Forests in northern Iran are no exception, and this decrease has been seen nearly everywhere. Therefore, the research was conducted with the MoreBackground and Objective: Each year, a wide range of forests change to the other uses such as agricultural and residential lands. Forests in northern Iran are no exception, and this decrease has been seen nearly everywhere. Therefore, the research was conducted with the aim of forest changes modeling in Gorgan area using Geomod model. Material and Methodology: In the present study, forest changes occurred in Gorgan area was detected during 20 years. Then, forest change modeling was performed using Geomod. To do this, land use maps for the study time period were prepared using satellite imagery. Then, change detection process was performed by post-classification comparison technique. The Geomod was run to simulate forest changes in this area. Findings: Forest change detection and its modelling showed the reduction of forest area in the region. Also, modeling results were validated using kappa indices which resulted in more than 0.99 and indicated model capability in the depicted forest changes in this area. Then, the future condition of forest areas were predicted using the model. Discussion and Conclusions: Results showed that forest areas have been decreased in this time period that development of residential areas and agricultural lands are the main reason for this. So, managerial and protectoral programs such as determining agricultural lands' boundaries, preventing their expansion, preventing rural expansion, and restricting accessible to forest areas were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Modeling of Possible Dredging Effects of Khozeini Channel on the Water Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay, Southeast of tmj nhe Caspian Sea
saeed sharbaty Sorena NasimiBackground and Objective: Water renewal time, one of the important indicators, is considered for estimation of health status of marine ecosystem. The Khozeini channel has been the second communicative ways of the Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea which is blocked by decre MoreBackground and Objective: Water renewal time, one of the important indicators, is considered for estimation of health status of marine ecosystem. The Khozeini channel has been the second communicative ways of the Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea which is blocked by decreasing of sea water level and sedimentation in recent years. In this investigation, in order to considering of Khozeini channel possible dredging effects on the Water Renewal Time in the Gorgan Bay, the Hydrodynamic and Advection-Dispersion modules of two-dimensional Mike21 FM model were coupled simultaneously. Method: The modeling on two triangular unstructured meshes and under two different open boundary conditions by including wind stress, water fluctuations in the mouth of Bandartorkaman-Ashoradeh and Khozeini channel, rivers input, evaporation and precipitation during index year were done. To determine the amount of dispersion coefficient in the Gorgan Bay, salinity modeling using Advection-Dispersion module of MIKE 21 FM were developed. Findings: The results two-dimensional salinity modeling showed that the best of dispersion coefficients are 350 m2/s in Gorgan Bay. The results of calculating of the Integral Water Renewal amount under blocking Khozeini channel condition was 54 days and dredging channel condition a width of 170 m was 41 days. Discussion and Conclusion: The best time for Water Renewal Time modeling in Gorgan Bay is the beginning trend of intering annual water level rising in the Caspian Sea. Renewal Time values are depending on hydrodynamic regime and salinity dispersion coefficient in Gorgan Bay. According to the common counterclockwise water circulation pattern in Gorgan Bay, Khozeini channel dredging reduces Integral Renewal Time of up to 13 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Forecasting the Effect of Decreasing Long Time Trend of Caspian Sea Water Level on the Life of Gorgan Bay
Saeed Sharbaty Abdolazim GhanghermehIntroduction: Gorgan Bay is a semi enclosed water body which currently has only a permanent connection with the Caspian Sea through mouth of Ashouradeh-Bandartorkaman. Decreasing trend of the Caspian Sea water level in past 19 years caused to adverse effects by land pro MoreIntroduction: Gorgan Bay is a semi enclosed water body which currently has only a permanent connection with the Caspian Sea through mouth of Ashouradeh-Bandartorkaman. Decreasing trend of the Caspian Sea water level in past 19 years caused to adverse effects by land production in shallow coasts of Gorgan Bay and it is threatening that limited connection of Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea will cause disconnection totally. Material and Methods: In this research, the effects of decreasing trend of the Caspian Sea water level on the connection status of Gorgan Bay were modeled under two scenarios of decreasing mean water level collections of the Caspian Sea. In first set of scenarios, the average of 5.2 cm and in set of second scenarios the average of 10.5 cm of decreasing water level in the Caspian Sea were used to topography position modeling in the Gorgan Bay. Results and Discussion: Under the first set of scenarios, the results of modeling show that, the connection of the Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea will be cut off permanently in Chapaghly area affected by decreasing in negative level in 27.6 meter in water year of 1410 – 1411. Under the second set of scenarios, the results of modeling show that the connection of the Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea will be cut off permanently in Chapaghly area affected by decreasing in negative level in 27.6 meter in water year of 1402 – 1403. Therefore it suggests that all the projects and the strategic programs of the government in southern coasts of the Caspian Sea including Gorgan Bay, engineering and operational program to be operated according to Amenagement Territoire scheme regarding to the approach of decreasing the level of the Caspian Sea and probable scenarios Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Impacts of Khozeini Canal Reopening on General Current Pattern in Gorgan Bay (South East of the Caspian Sea)
Saeed Sharbaty Ali ShabaniBackground and Objective: Khozeini canal is the second permanent connection way of Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea which has been blocked as a result of water level decreases and sedimentation in recent years. Methods: In this investigation, 2D modeling results of curr MoreBackground and Objective: Khozeini canal is the second permanent connection way of Gorgan Bay with the Caspian Sea which has been blocked as a result of water level decreases and sedimentation in recent years. Methods: In this investigation, 2D modeling results of current pattern using MIKE 21 FM model for investigating the impacts of Khozeini canal reopening on the general current pattern in Gorgan bay under 24 different scenarios were compared. Modeling was implemented on two types of unstructured meshes for 5 hours, 50 minutes and with 30 seconds time steps. In all modelings, the mean annual precipitation, evaporation and 13 rivers input to the bay as well as the effect of dominant eastern wind with 6 different speeds were used. The effects of components of the wave radiation induced by dominant wind were included by implementation of the wave model of MIKE 21 NSW in the 6 distinct considered in the hydrodynamic model of MIKE 21 FM. In order to include boundary conditions at the open boundaries, the mean maximum discharges of inlet and outlet in the Ashoradeh-Bandartorkaman spans and Khozeini canal were used. Results: Simulation results represented that the current pattern in Gorgan Bay is influenced by the inlet and outlet discharges at the spans of Ashoradeh-Bandartorkaman and prevailing wind. Conclusion: Reopening of the Khozeini canal has no significant effect on the general circulation current pattern of the bay and only in areas very close to the canal changes the local current pattern to be North-South. In stormy times, the maximum current velocity of 0.23 meters per second was observed in areas close to the canal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Two Dimensional Modeling of Net Water Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay
saeed sharbaty Hamed Kolangi MiandarehBackground and Objective: Net Renewal Time is one of the most important indicators for water quality analysis in the water bodies. In this study, in order to investigate the Net water Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay, two modules from two dimensional Mike21FM model including MoreBackground and Objective: Net Renewal Time is one of the most important indicators for water quality analysis in the water bodies. In this study, in order to investigate the Net water Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay, two modules from two dimensional Mike21FM model including Advection-Dispersion and Hydrodynamic were coupled. Method: Modeling was performed under 4 different scenarios with inclusion of some factors such as wind stress, river input, precipitation, evaporation and water fluctuations in spans of Ashoradeh-Bandaretorkaman. Findings: The modeling results showed that integral Net Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay was 0.0181 per days. Variations in the amounts of Net Renewal Time were strongly influenced by prevailing hydrodynamic regime in Gorgan Bay. Net Renewal Time in distance of 1 km from the input spans was less than one day. This time index rate decreases by moving along longitudinal axis of the bay from east to west. Net Renewal Time in northeastern area was more than the corresponding areas in southeastern part. There was no significant difference in the Net Renewal Time for southern and northern parts of the west area. The modeling results in the four seasons showed that the Renewal amounts in winter and spring were more than those in summer and fall, and these results were consistent with increasing and decreasing inter-annual water level trend in the Caspian Sea, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the low water Net Renewal Time in Gorgan Bay, it can be concluded that the water flushing system has very low speed in this water body and any use of it must be done with further studies and arrangements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Relation of Social Capital and Tendency Towards Modernity (Case of Study: Grogan’s Citizens)
Fereshteh Badi Gholamreza Khosh Far Alireza Esmaili Sedigeh AminianSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity MoreSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity in Gorgan. The research method was survey, the data were collected by field method, the population included citizens living in Gorgan, 401 of whom were selected and studied by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by its face validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.879). To test the hypotheses, advanced statistical techniques and methods appropriate to the level of measurement of variables were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of social capital and the tendency towards modernity among the citizens of Gorgan. Also, the impact of social capital on the tendency towards modernity is greater than economic capital. Coherence is the most important component in social capital and Relationship instead of rules is the most important dimension in modernity. There is a significant relationship between social capital and its components (trust, participation, security, cohesion) and the tendency towards modernity. The variable of participation has an inverse effect on modernity, there is a significant relationship between the types of social capital (cognitive and structural) and the tendency to modernity, and structural social capital is a more important factor in the changes of modernity. There is also a significant relationship between the variables of gender (men), level of education, ethnicity and occupation with the tendency towards modernity, while there is no significant relationship between religion and the tendency towards modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparison of analytic network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in land use planning based on multi objective land allocation (MOLA) method
Hadi Rahimi Abdolrasoul Salman Mahini Hamid Reza KamyabManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad citi MoreManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad cities in eight major Land-uses. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) and the experts’ experiences were used for weighting the three main factors including ecological, economic and social factors. Compare zoning based on two ways AHP and ANP weighting also was evaluated. The results showed that the integration of applications based on AHP and ANP different weighting methods. According to the results of the integration of applications based on ANP method compared to the AHP with respect to slope, height, density of vegetation, rainfall and erosion ability in general is more appropriate. The results showed that according to total Kappa values (0.9151), spatial Kappa (0.9524), standard Kappa (0.9323), and chance agreement (0.1111), MOLA based zoning based on AHP and ANP weights had a similarity A lot. But the difference in the use of the AHP and ANP was 88663 pixels (7979 ha). For this purpose, statistical data on slope, height, vegetation density, precipitation and erodibility were extracted based on the weight of the two methods of AHP and ANP. According to the results, the placement of land use based on the ANP method in comparison with AHP is more appropriate in general. This means that the method has better performance in the ANP have been weighted to land-uses. The results of this study, the relationship and the importance of all aspects of ecological, economic and social planning and land use planning notes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Tempo-spatial patterns of landscape changes and urban development (Case study: Gorgan)
Hamid Reza Kamyab Abdol-Rasoul Salman MahiniLandscape includes a mosaic of landscape elements in a context of a major land use/cover. Much emphasis has been placed on developing methods to quantify landscape patterns in recent years. Landscape elements include various types, including urban areas and patches, whi MoreLandscape includes a mosaic of landscape elements in a context of a major land use/cover. Much emphasis has been placed on developing methods to quantify landscape patterns in recent years. Landscape elements include various types, including urban areas and patches, which were used for change's identification in the current study. Any urban area has been considered a landscape patch and their patterns for the Gorgan city between the years 1987 and 2001 have been compared in this study. Number, shape and neighborhood metrics was the major groups of metrics calculated. To do so, urban areas were fed to Fargstats Software as patches. Comparison showed that development pattern in Gorgan city has led to the creation of larger and simpler patches with and less fractal dimension during the 14-years period of our study. In fact, urban growth was shown to be adhering to the previous urban patches. This is also visible to the spatial investigation of the largest patches (a complex of continues areas), such that, for example, two large patches in 1987 had been joined because of infill. Despite the tendency of urban growth around previous urban patches and in their vicinity, patches did not show a uniform distribution in the area, rather, they were irregular. This result is confirmed by the fact that the urban area has increased 2.1 times during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Simulation of surface runoff using GIS-based model of Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM)
Roya Jafari Vahed Berdi Sheikh Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Hassan Rezaei MoghadamSimulation of runoff resulted from any significant rainfall events can help to estimate the severity of floods. To protect watersheds, application of a model which is able to predict runoff at certain times and places is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to simulat MoreSimulation of runoff resulted from any significant rainfall events can help to estimate the severity of floods. To protect watersheds, application of a model which is able to predict runoff at certain times and places is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate runoff generation in upstream catchments of the Shahrake Behzisti as well as assessing the effect of implementation of vegetation management scenarios, using three relatively intense rainfall events occurred in recent years. The model of physically based Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM) within PCRaster GIS and programming language was applied in this study. In order to run the LISEM model, four basic raster maps of digital elevation model, landuse, soil texture and roads (impervious areas) were prepared. Digital elevation model map of the catchment was extracted from the Ultracam image of 1 m resolution within the ArcGIS environment. During this study, only two events on 2/11/2014 and 16/9/2015 led to runoff generation. Thus, the first event was used for calibration and the second one for validation of the model. Statistical comparison of the simulated and observed hydrographs of the rain events on 2/11/2014 and 16/9/2015 showed the correlation coefficients of 0.80 and 0.76 and Nash-Sutcliffe criteria of 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. The results of the simulation showed that the model was able to predict total runoff, peak discharge, runoff initiation time and time to peak discharge with relatively good performance. The results of the application of the LISEM model showed that runoff volume and peak discharge significantly decreased by implementation of vegetation management scenarios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Faunistic study of planthoppers infraorder Fulgoromorpha (Hem., Auchenorrhyncha) in different climatic regions of Gorgan, Iran
M. Lashkari G. Nouri Ganbalani F. Mozaffarian Kh. Ghorbani A. FathiPlanthoppers of Infraorder Fulgoromorpha are polyphagous insects that feed on the phloem of roots, torque and stems of herbaceous and sometimes phloem of leaves of woody plants. Many of these planthoppers can seriously damage crops in high population. Gorgan region has MorePlanthoppers of Infraorder Fulgoromorpha are polyphagous insects that feed on the phloem of roots, torque and stems of herbaceous and sometimes phloem of leaves of woody plants. Many of these planthoppers can seriously damage crops in high population. Gorgan region has six various climates: arid, semi arid, Mediterranean, semi humid, humid and very humid. In this research, the distribution of planthoppers was studied in different climatic regions of Gorgan. The specimens were collected from 17 sites with different climatic condition during years 2008 and 2009 in different seasons. The collected specimens were recognized in 4 families Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Issidae, Tettigometridae, 12 genera and 14 species that were: Hyalesthes obsoletus, Thachycixius sp., Oliarus fulvus, Asirica clavicrnis, Laodelphax striatellus, Toya propinqua, Sogatella frucifera, Sogatella vibix, Kelisia praecox, Javesell sp., Mycteodus krameri, Tettigometra costulata, Tettigometra virescens, Muirodelphax aubei.The following genera and species have not been recorded from Golestan province previously and this is the first record of them: Thachycixius sp., Oliarus fulvus, Sogatella frucifera, Sogatella vibix, Kelisia praecox, Javesell sp., Mycteodus krameri, Tettigometra costulata, Muirodelphax aubei. Sogatella frucifera is new record from Iran. The distribution maps of the collected species were delineated by software Arc GIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study on diversity of rove beetles (Staphylinidae, Col.) in Golestan Province, Iran
N. Fathpour R. Vafaei-Shoushtari M. Yazdanian S. SerriDuring 2011 and 2013 an elementary study on the rove beetles of Gorgan (Golestan province in north of Iran) and adjutant areas was carried out. The specimens were collected by Berlese funnel, aspirator and also sifters in 14 collecting sites. As a result, 3 genera of Ox MoreDuring 2011 and 2013 an elementary study on the rove beetles of Gorgan (Golestan province in north of Iran) and adjutant areas was carried out. The specimens were collected by Berlese funnel, aspirator and also sifters in 14 collecting sites. As a result, 3 genera of Oxytelinae, 6 species of Steninae and one species and one genus of Tachyporinae were identified. Out of which, S. similis and S. piscator are the first record for the fauna of Golestan province. The name of genera and species are presented here: Subfamily Oxytelinae Fleming, 1821: Bledius Leach, 1819 Platystethus Mannerheim, 1830 Subfamily Steninae Macleay, 1825 Stenus caspius Puthz, 1972 Stenus machulkei Hromadka, 1977 Stenus lenkoranus Puthz, 1970 Stenus piscator Saulcy, 1865 Stenus similis Herbst, 1784 Stenus turk Puthz, 1972 Subfamily Tachyporinae Macleay, 1825: Tachyporus hypnorum Fabricius, 1775 Sepedophilus Gistel, 1856 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils in South Gorgan, North of Iran
Morteza Taherpour Khalil Abad Elham MojtahedinA calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide techniq MoreA calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide technique. Thirty seven calcareous nannofossils species were identified and used to make biostratigraphic zonations and dating of the strata. The distribution of the calcareous nannofossils enabled the establishment of five zones: Quadrum trifidum (CC22),Tranolithus phacelosus (CC23), Reinhardtites levis (CC24), Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis (CC25) and Nephrolithus frequens (CC26) belonging to late Late Campanian – late Late Maastrichtian following standard zonation schemes of previous workers. The zones were based on the first and last occurrences of marker species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Geological and engineering geological characteristics of surface alluviums in the Gorgan city
Rasool Yazarloo ماشالله خامه چیان محمدرضا نیکودل -
Open Access Article
23 - how Khwarazm was captured by Gaznavids and why?
aboualhasan mobinGhaznavids during the thirty two years of sultan Mahmouds rule (388-421A.H) Followed an expansionism policy. Many campain and incursion that conducted under name of Gazveh and Jihad brought them a lot of wealth and trophies. These materials and trophies all together bro MoreGhaznavids during the thirty two years of sultan Mahmouds rule (388-421A.H) Followed an expansionism policy. Many campain and incursion that conducted under name of Gazveh and Jihad brought them a lot of wealth and trophies. These materials and trophies all together brought them more power and reputation and credibility. Accordingly they were known as largest Islamic empire in the East of Islamic caliphate. One of the most important and wealthy territory in Khorasan which after its conguest provided them more reputation income and wealth was kharzam , that in this time was ruled by Al-mannids this region came under control of ghaznavids in 408 AH. Since the eapture of the province was one of the most important events of Sultan Mahmud Kingdom, this article based on sources that period, it is going to review the political and economic reasons that Mahmud campained againt Kharazm and how he could captured it and what was the result of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effects of the first Pahlavi's actions on the course of social developments and changes in the municipality system in old Estarabad
Ahmad Sardarzadeh Amir Akbari rajabali vosoghiKnowledge and awareness of the changes and transformations that occurred in the old Astarabad (currently Gorgan) is necessary for any planning for the changes that have occurred, because all the economic, social and cultural aspects of a society are linked with its popu MoreKnowledge and awareness of the changes and transformations that occurred in the old Astarabad (currently Gorgan) is necessary for any planning for the changes that have occurred, because all the economic, social and cultural aspects of a society are linked with its population and structural features. Iran's nomadic community, which played a decisive role in the social and political situation of the country until the beginning of the current century (A.H.), has lost its former importance and has gradually been marginalized following some political events, including the nomad settlement policy by Reza Shah. . In the upcoming research, after examining the information obtained from oral sources and supplementing it with other available sources, we will comprehensively understand the effects of Pahlavi's first measures with descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results of this research, the effects of the first Pahlavi's actions on the course of social developments and changes in the municipality system in the old Estrabad, including the cities of Gorgan and Bandar Turkmen. In written documents and sources, less attention has been paid to the mentality of people about the events around them. Therefore, oral sources play an important role in reaching the conclusion of this research. Therefore, one of the important measures in the first Pahlavi period was the construction of streets in small and large cities of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - How Khwarazm was captured by Gaznavids and why?
Abulhassa MobayenGhaznavids during the thirty two years of sultan Mahmouds rule (388-421A.H) Followed an expansionism policy. Many campain and incursion that conducted under name of Gazveh and Jihad brought them a lot of wealth and trophies. These materials and trophies all together bro MoreGhaznavids during the thirty two years of sultan Mahmouds rule (388-421A.H) Followed an expansionism policy. Many campain and incursion that conducted under name of Gazveh and Jihad brought them a lot of wealth and trophies. These materials and trophies all together brought them more power and reputation and credibility. Accordingly they were known as largest Islamic empire in the East of Islamic caliphate. One of the most important and wealthy territory in Khorasan which after its conguest provided them more reputation income and wealth was kharzam , that in this time was ruled by Al-mannids this region came under control of ghaznavids in 408 AH. Since the eapture of the province was one of the most important events of Sultan Mahmud Kingdom, this article based on sources that period, it is going to review the political and economic reasons that Mahmud campained againt Kharazm and how he could captured it and what was the result of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Gorgan Bay plankton flourishing status in the field of Miankale death in February 2020
taher poursufiAbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The res MoreAbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The results showed that a total of 44 species of phytoplankton were identified. 4 species equal to 12.5% and Euglenophyta branch with the lowest number with 2 species equal to 7.7% of the total species. The highest mortality was observed in Changar species and a few flamingos were observed. No algal blooms were observed during sampling. The density of cyanophytes was the lowest. Therefore, the cause of death of birds cannot be density or planktonic secretions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of knowledge and attitude towards food safety among university students in Gorgan city
آمنه Avarand احمد Abedi-Sarvestani Food hygiene is considered as an indication of community health. For this reason, consumers need to have enough information about the safe methods of providing, storage and preparation of foods. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards More Food hygiene is considered as an indication of community health. For this reason, consumers need to have enough information about the safe methods of providing, storage and preparation of foods. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards food safety among university students. The survey research was used to study 400 students at the four universities of Gorgan city during 2013. The universities included Gorgan Azad University, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan Medical University and Golestan University. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were verified by face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The results showed that for the university students, families and TV programs are the main sources for gaining information about food safety. Furthermore, knowledge and attitude of students towards food safety was determined as "fairly good" and "good" respectively. Female students had more knowledge and favorable attitudes towards food safety than male students. Based on results, food safety knowledge was not related to age, place of birth and residence and the type of housing; however it is associated to the level of parents' education and occupation. Attitude towards food safety also was found to be associated with birthplace and studying degree. It was concluded that it is necessary to deliver the educational programs about food safety for the university students along with the installation of food borne disease surveillance system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - بررسی نقش رسانه ملی (تلویزیون) در توسعه فرهنگ کارآفرینی در بین جوانان (مطالعه موردی: شهرگرگان)
علیرضا اسماعیلی مریم ساریخانیهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش رسانه ملی (تلویزیون) بر توسعه فرهنگ کارآفرینی جوانان، شهر گرگان میباشد. روش تحقیق این پژوهش پیمایشی، از نوع تحلیلی میباشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه جوانان شهر گرگان است، روش نمونهگیری طبقهای و حجم نمونه 400 نفر از جوانان گرگان میباشد Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش رسانه ملی (تلویزیون) بر توسعه فرهنگ کارآفرینی جوانان، شهر گرگان میباشد. روش تحقیق این پژوهش پیمایشی، از نوع تحلیلی میباشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه جوانان شهر گرگان است، روش نمونهگیری طبقهای و حجم نمونه 400 نفر از جوانان گرگان میباشد و دادهها از طریق ابزار اصلی (پرسشنامه) با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به منظور بررسی فرضیات تحقیق از شاخصهای آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده شد. یافتههای پژوهش مؤید این عقیده است که رسانه ملی (تلویزیون) عامل مؤثری بر توسعه فرهنگ کارآفرینی محسوب میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Identification of Areas Prone to Construction of High-Rise Structures Using AHP and GIS Models, a Case Study of Gorgan
Seyed Kambiz Latif Aghili Jafar Mir Katoli Gholamreza Janbaz GhobadiThe rise of modernism in architecture and urban planning, along with the growing population of the city, restrictions on land and services, demand for housing and economic and environmental constraints, high-rise construction in major cities and the location of these bu MoreThe rise of modernism in architecture and urban planning, along with the growing population of the city, restrictions on land and services, demand for housing and economic and environmental constraints, high-rise construction in major cities and the location of these buildings in urban spaces became very important. And it became a good way to control the physical growth of cities and it was necessary to identify suitable areas for the construction of high-rises. The main purpose of this study is to identify suitable areas for the construction of high-rise buildings in Gorgan. This research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by documentary and survey methods with a statistical population of 10 people as a sample of municipal urban planning specialists and managers. After examining the influential factors, criteria were determined in four dimensions including physical, social and cultural, environmental and economic. Weighting was performed according to the AHP model and the layers were superimposed using the GIS system. Findings show that areas in the east, west, southwest and center of Gorgan, have a good capacity for the construction of high-rise buildings; In such a way that high-rise construction in these zones leads to proportional distribution and appropriate building density and population in the city , and in the end after prioritizing the zones; Based on the findings, suggestions were made for the establishment of high-rises in suitable areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - An Analysis of High-Rise Buildings in Gorgan from Location to the Benefit of Social Justice
Seyed Kambiz Latif Aghili Jafar Mir ali Katoli Gholamreza Janbaz GhobadiHigh-rise and spatial development at the height of the product of population growth and urbanization, as well as lack of land for construction, in recent decades and is one of the most important trends in human habitation, which has turned into the dominant form of hous MoreHigh-rise and spatial development at the height of the product of population growth and urbanization, as well as lack of land for construction, in recent decades and is one of the most important trends in human habitation, which has turned into the dominant form of housing in cities after World War II and it is a good way to control the growth of the body of cities. It is necessary to identify the suitable areas for the construction of high-rises based on the principles of location, Because the lack of optimal location leads to unbalanced distribution and distances itself from social justice in cities, which includes concepts such as proportional distribution of functions and services, proper access to service and activity centers.This research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical.Data collection was done by two methods of documentation and survey with a statistical population of 10 people as an example of urban planning experts.After reviewing, criteria was selected in four dimensions of physical, social and cultural, environmental and economic and weighting of indicators based on AHP has been done.In the other section, with the statistical sample of 322 people, the benefit of high-rise structures available with SPSS software was analyzed.he research area of Gorgan city with an area of 3567 hectares is the center of Golestan province.Findings of the research showed that the high-rise structures in Gorgan do not have a good location and social justice in them is not at an acceptable level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Zoning and Analyzing of Weathering Processes in GharesoGorgan Basin
Mohammad Mehdi Hossein Zadeh Somayeh Emadadin Fakhradin NamgoThe results showed that among nine weathering models in Peltier model, three models happened in the climatic conditions of gharasou basin. Northern part of the study area is savanna area. The dominant features of the savanna are Current water activity with extreme inten MoreThe results showed that among nine weathering models in Peltier model, three models happened in the climatic conditions of gharasou basin. Northern part of the study area is savanna area. The dominant features of the savanna are Current water activity with extreme intensity to low and the average impact of prevailing winds in the region. Southern part of the study area due to high temperature and low precipitations are located in arid regions and the most important Geomorphodinamic characteristic of these areas are the effects of wind, Current water activity and weak mass movement. Also result shows in mountainous regions there is weak mechanical weathering. In north of case study due to heavy precipitations and high temperature, Chemical weathering is more moderate type. While weathering in most parts of the study area is mostly chemical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Presenting an urban branding model with the approach of developing the urban tourism ecosystem in Gorgan
nafise varkiani poor mahmood reza cheragh aliUrban brand is an important asset for sustainable urban development and the difference between cities. Urban branding is a phenomenon that cities need to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the age of globalization and pave the way for entrepreneurship. The m MoreUrban brand is an important asset for sustainable urban development and the difference between cities. Urban branding is a phenomenon that cities need to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the age of globalization and pave the way for entrepreneurship. The main purpose of this study is to design an urban branding model for the development of urban tourism ecosystem in Gorgan. The research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting qualitative information and has been done using the data theory theory method. In this study, using targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods, with 21 faculty members in the fields of urban management, marketing management, executive management, government and cultural management, and municipal managers and people with experience In-depth urban management interviews were conducted and then the data obtained from them were analyzed through open, centralized and selective coding. Paradigm model of branding from causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening variables, strategies and consequences of branding (development of urban tourism ecosystem, development of social capital, attraction and development of investment and tourism, and rural development And reduced migration) for that city are the results of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigation and comparison of the essential oil compositions of Thymus daenensis accessions cultivated in the lowland area: case study in Gorgan
محمد علی درّی Ibrahim Sharifi-Ashourabadi Mahdi MirzaIn order to investigate the quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus daenesis Celak., an experiment was conducted. The essential oil characteristics recognition is important to economical development in Thymus accessions. For This purpose, flowering shoots of eig MoreIn order to investigate the quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus daenesis Celak., an experiment was conducted. The essential oil characteristics recognition is important to economical development in Thymus accessions. For This purpose, flowering shoots of eight accessions of T. daenesis were harvested at 50% of flowering stage. They cultivated under field condition at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan and Studied during 2011-2012. The samples were dried in shadow and grinded. Essential oil extraction was carried out by hydro distillation method for three hours. Chemical compounds were identified with GC and GC-MS. Results showed that essential oil yield was between 0.22%- 3.6% that the highest essential oil yield belongs to accession 60 (Markazi1). In this study, main chemotypes were consisting of linalool, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and 1, 8-cineole. According to results, the highest percentage of thymol (72%) and carvacrol (43%) were identified in accession 60 (Markazi1) and accession 49 (Isfahan2) respectively. Therefore, according to results of study could be recommended these accessions due to high content thymol and carvacrol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from local dairy products of Gorgan township with the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens
hadi koohsari Zeinab Rashti Shohre ArabIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township MoreIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township of Gorgan which had the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens. In order to isolate lactic acid bacteria, cheeses samples were sub-cultured on media cultures of MRS agar, M17 Agar , KAA and MRS+Vancomycin. Then, isolates were identified based on general morphological characteristics, biochemical and sugar fermentation tests. Using agar well diffusion, the antibacterial activity of culture supernatant of lactic acid bacteria was tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Among 24 samples of local cheeses and dooghs and 4 industrial samples, a total of 73 isolates were identified in which Lactobacillus casei was the most frequent isolate with with 34.24%. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from sheep's dough and sheep's cheese and Lactobacillus delbrucki and Lactobacillus ramenosus isolated from sheep's dough showed significant antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria studied, namely, E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and C. freundii. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria isolated from industrial samples showed less antibacterial activity compared to isolates of local samples. Overall according to antagonistic effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from of Gorgan’s local dairy products, it is recommended to evaluate their use as probiotic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigating the role of cultural capital in the participation of citizens in the reconstruction of the worn-out urban fabric (Case Study: Gorgan-Gonbad)
hasan mirhosseini Abolghasem Heidarabadi seyfollah farzanehParticipation in the reconstruction of worn-out structures is influenced by various factors, of which cultural capital is one of the most important prerequisites. Cultural capital; It is a new concept that has attracted the attention of social science thinkers and espec MoreParticipation in the reconstruction of worn-out structures is influenced by various factors, of which cultural capital is one of the most important prerequisites. Cultural capital; It is a new concept that has attracted the attention of social science thinkers and especially sociologists during the last two decades. This capital may have various functions and consequences. In general, cultural capital is viewed as a collective good; because cultural capital, as a product of social and cultural relations, is beneficial and beneficial to others. In this way, it is not possible to limit the points of cultural capital. Participation in the renovation of worn-out fabric is influenced by various factors, of which cultural capital is one of the most important prerequisites. The current research aimed at investigating the role of cultural capital on citizens' participation in the renovation of the worn-out fabric of Gorgan-Gonbad seeks to answer this question, despite the emphasis on participation in renovation programs; is this participation weak in the desired context? The theoretical framework of the research is mainly based on Putnam's theories; Coleman and Bourdieu. Research method; Survey and data collection tool is a questionnaire. Sampling is done by cluster method and the sample size is 382 people from the residents of it. The findings show that cultural capital has had a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Objectified cultural capital index; institutionalized cultural capital; embodied cultural capital that became components; they have had the greatest impact on the residents' participation in the reconstruction of the worn-out fabric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - On the Analysis of the Role of Capacity Making in Reducing the Risk of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes) in Rural Areas (Case Study: Anjirab Rural District. Gorgan County)
hosein mosazadeh teymur Amar mehdi khodadadRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and tec MoreRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and technology compared to other human settlements against natural hazards are more vulnerable. For this reason, use of the potential of rural areas to reduce vulnerability is imperative. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creating capacity in the Anjirab rural district to reduce the amount of possible damages caused by earthquake. The purpose has been used descriptive - analytical method and field surveys. The study population was Anjirab rural district at Gorgan city which 4 populated village of this rural district, including Mohammadabad, Akbarabad, Zangian and Sadabad is selected and 200 heads of households were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaire was distributed randomly between them. Results obtained using the Friedman test and Spearman Spss software represent Anjirab rural district high capacity in physical- spatial and institutional dimensions. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The Role of Industrial Districts on Cultural-Social Development of Rural Areas of Manufacturing (Case Study: Industrial Districts Gorgan 2)
خدیجه بوذرجمهری نسیم یوسفیFor economic and social development in developing countries, industrialization is a fateful decision. In rural areas, the establishment of industrial cities makes populations stabilize, creating jobs and increasing incomes for the villagers. Accordingly, in the past two MoreFor economic and social development in developing countries, industrialization is a fateful decision. In rural areas, the establishment of industrial cities makes populations stabilize, creating jobs and increasing incomes for the villagers. Accordingly, in the past two decades, planners have established industrial town in rural towns to achieve rural development. As of the end of 1389, District 335 was passed in the country. This trend has created a major change in villages. The purpose of this research, assess the impact of the creation of industrial estates in rural social and cultural development. To achieve this objective, the village workers Hyderabad and neighboring villages were selected randomly. The method used in this research is applied, and the method used is descriptive- analytic in nature. Data were obtained through library research and field studies. Statistical community was 113 inquiry rural workers employed in 12 manufacturing units (50 percent) in the second industrial city of Gorgan city. The population of the study consisted of two groups: the first group included 45 workers living in villages around Hyderabad, and daily come to the town. The second group are 68 workers residing in Hyderabad. Both groups were questioned. The results showed that the established industrial estate led to increase employment and reduce rural migration in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Performance Analysis of participation in Community Development & Skeletal DhyaryRural AreasGorganTown Ship (Case Studi:VillagesAstrabadshomaly)
hamid barghi roghayeh tazikiDhyary of new institutions in rural development in the last decades has created the Office of Management and Rural Development. If the development is done based on the needs of the people, would be more appropriate and correct that the local level is done by Dhyary. How MoreDhyary of new institutions in rural development in the last decades has created the Office of Management and Rural Development. If the development is done based on the needs of the people, would be more appropriate and correct that the local level is done by Dhyary. However Dhyary as government representative in the villages and local people and institutions play an important role in resolving the problems of the rural population . The purpose of this study in rural district of northern Astarābād of Gorgancitywas to examine the influence of dhyaran's partnership & operation in the social development & Skeletal of villages To achieve this objective, descriptive - analytical study is used. The study population consisted of four villages with active Dhyary in the district with 595 Family on the basis of the Cochran formula, 210 samples were selected. Research tool,was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by the group of experts and for determining the reliability measure of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire (86/0) was used. Data were analyzed using spss software. In analyzing the data to examine the relationship between the significant Dhyary's operation and social and cultural development & physical rurals was used single-sample t-test and t-test voice. And to determine the level of development rurals in the fields of social and physical before and after Partnership & Operation of dhyaran the Friedman test was used. The results of study show the level of development rurals in the fields of social and physical after Partnership & Operation of dhyaran is over. In both indicators, as well as social and physical-biological environment, rural development, with the participation of Dhyary has significant relation at the level of 99 percent. The indicators of physical - biological environment after Partnership of dhyaranappropriated averaging 5/12 the highest rated at the Development of Partnership & Operation dhyaran. Manuscript profile -
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40 - بهسازی منظر پارک های شهری براساس نیاز شهروندان (مطالعه موردی پارک های گرگان)
منیره معروف عبدالله حاتم زاده همایون کاوه پارکها و فضاهای سبز شهری همچون سایر فضاهای شهری، دچار فرسایش شده و نیازمند مرمت میباشند تا خدمات محیطزیستی و اجتماعی آنها تدوام یابد. در بهسازی فضاهای سبز شهری بایستی اولویتهای شهروندان مطالعه شود. هدف این تحقیق، شناخت اولویتها و نیازهای شهروندان در خصوص بهس More پارکها و فضاهای سبز شهری همچون سایر فضاهای شهری، دچار فرسایش شده و نیازمند مرمت میباشند تا خدمات محیطزیستی و اجتماعی آنها تدوام یابد. در بهسازی فضاهای سبز شهری بایستی اولویتهای شهروندان مطالعه شود. هدف این تحقیق، شناخت اولویتها و نیازهای شهروندان در خصوص بهسازی پارکها و فضاهای سبز عمومی شهر گرگان است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت اسنادی- تحلیلی و پیمایشی است که بخش اعظم اطلاعات از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه بین ساکنان شهر گرگان اخذ شده و تحلیل نهایی بر روی آن صورت گرفته است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که اولویتهای شهروندان مختلف با توجه به متغیرهای جمعیتشناختی و ویژگیهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی آنان در برخی زمینهها کاملا متفاوت بوده و هر قشر نیازهای خاص خویش را دارد. اما، در یک نگاه کلی و بر اساس نظر شهروندان، گونههای گیاهی پارکها و فضاهای سبز شهر گرگان، نیاز به تنوعبخشی داشته و این امر باید با استفاده از همه انواع گیاهان (پهنبرگان، سوزنیبرگان و گیاهان پوششی و فصلی) تحقق یابد. بیشتر مردم بهبود سرویسهای بهداشتی، آب­خوریها و وسایل بازی کودکان را در اولویت میدانند. همچنین، توجه به نیازهای معلولین در بهسازی پارکها، بیشترین اولویت را و پیادهروهای سنگی، بیشترین طرفدار را داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Factors affecting of religion (A case study of married women living in Gorgan)
غلامرضا خوش فر محبوبه ایلواریThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this re MoreThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this research, descriptive survey method has been used. The population included 144406 married women who live in the city of Gorgan. The sample size consisted of 360 married women who were determined by using Cochran formula. Multi-stage random sampling method was used for the study. For the first selection, 36 randomly selected neighborhoods were chosen, then in every process, in proportion to the number of settled households and using systematic random sampling, 10 married women were selected and studied the questionnaires of Lock Wallace religiosity was the tool of measurement in this study. To analyze the results, pearson correlationand path analysis were used in addition to the methods of descriptive statistics. The results showed that there is not a significant relationship between social trust, media consumption and religiusity.Whilethere is a significant relationship between age, education, duration of marriage, total children, socio-economic status andreligiosity. The results of path analysis indicated that the highest total greatly affectsmarried women̓s religiosity.Also in the present study women̓s religious differ significantly depending on whether they were born in cities or villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A survey on the amount of usage of the information technology in university libraries of Gorgan and the barriers of applying them in the libraries
zohreh mirhoseini Behrang safariObjective: the present research aims to determine the amount of usage and problems of using the information technology in university libraries of Gorgan. Methodology: the descriptive survey is used. Statistical society includes 14 university libraries attached to 6 med MoreObjective: the present research aims to determine the amount of usage and problems of using the information technology in university libraries of Gorgan. Methodology: the descriptive survey is used. Statistical society includes 14 university libraries attached to 6 medical science university, Golestan, Agricultural science and natural resources, Islamic Azad, Payame Nour &Teacher’s training of Gorgan The librarians work in these libraries were 73. Findings: The amount of using IT is high and very high. Librarians declared that the most important problem of using different kinds of IT is lack of enough education, lack of recognition and acquiring resources, and not being fluent in English. Conclusion: On the whole the most important barrier of IT usage is declared not having written policy (95.9%) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Distribution, frequency and biomass of macrobenthos of Gorgan Bay and south east of Caspian Sea, Golestan Province
M. Saghali R. Bagherov R. Patimar S. A. Hosseini N. M. MakhtomiIn present research biomass, frequency and distribution of macrobenthos in Gorgan Bay was studied in 8 stations in 4 seasons in 2009. Sampling was done by Van Ven Grab in 3 replicates in each station. Identified macrobenthos belonged to 13 families. The most abundant fa MoreIn present research biomass, frequency and distribution of macrobenthos in Gorgan Bay was studied in 8 stations in 4 seasons in 2009. Sampling was done by Van Ven Grab in 3 replicates in each station. Identified macrobenthos belonged to 13 families. The most abundant family was Ampharetidae (76%) compared to total population of macrobenthos. Balanidae (10%), Cardiidae (6%) and Nereidae (4%) had the next abundance. Maximum biomass of macrobebthos was observed in Cardiidae (45%), Balanidae (44.78%), Nereidae (5.8%) and Tubificidae (5.27%), respectively. The greatest frequency of macrobenthos was found in spring with 4110/m2 and the least was in winter with 29.25/m2. Maximum and minimum of biomass was observed in spring (33.568 g/m2) and winter (.080 g/m2) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Using SWAT Model to Investigate the Impact of Rangeland Management Practices on Water Conservation (Case Study: Gorganroud Watershed, Golestan, Iran)
Mohadeseh Zadsar Mojgansadat Azimi -
Open Access Article
45 - Survey the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth-grade students in Gorgan city
sadraddin sattari mahdi mirakizadehThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of par MoreThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of parents of male students studying in the fifth elementary school of Gorgan, which was 2950 according to the statistics of the education department of Gorgan. From this statistical population, 320 people were selected by using the krejcie and Morgan sampling table and by cluster random sampling method. The data required for parents' participation variable was collected using Margaret standard questionnaire. The student's average was also considered as an indicator of academic achievement. The formal & content validity of the parents' participation questionnaire was approved by the experts, and the reliability of questionnaire by using Cronbach's alpha was obtained 0/93. The collective Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (single group T test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis). The results show that the significant & positive relationship between parents' participation with students academic achievement. Also, Parents' Supervision and educational' relation can predict students' academic achievement, but the Parents' Expectations component cannot predict academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Biological Study of the Persian Salamander Larva, Paradactylodon gorganensis in Forested Elevations of Southern part of Gorgan
نرگس عسکری زیارتی حاجی قلی کمی هومن شجیعیPersian salamander Paradactylodon gorganensis is endemic, unique andvaluable genetic pool of Iranian Amphibians that exists in forests of Golestsn province. In this research, for the investigation of biological aspects of this species, for the first time natural habitat MorePersian salamander Paradactylodon gorganensis is endemic, unique andvaluable genetic pool of Iranian Amphibians that exists in forests of Golestsn province. In this research, for the investigation of biological aspects of this species, for the first time natural habitats include Odaneh, Req and Gorgloo springs have been recognized in forested area of Ziarat village in south of Gorgan in 1250-1600m elevation above the sea level. We studied these localities 12 times from August 2009 to September 2010. Also, geographical position, climate, substrate, fauna, flora were investigated. In every time characters of larvae were studied. Results, shows that larvae are active at all time of the year, even when the habitat covered with snow and air temperature is -3anddeg;C. The larvae were seen with different sizes and ages in a same time, Therefore, it seems that they donandrsquo;t transform during the first year. There was cannibalism relationship in larvae. Also some of larvae may be eaten by crabs (Potamon sp). Although larvae have 4 fingers and toes in the limbs but some specimens were seen without, 3 and 5 fingers and toes. It seems that the air and water temperature do not have serious effect on growth and metamorphosis in larvae. Habitat destruction by farmers and animals, pH changes, water shortage are the most important and threating factors for population of this endemic species that live in specific habitats with limited distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Study the Ultrastructure of the Male Sexual Gonads in Cave Salamander, Paradactylodon gorganensis
میترا حیدری نصرآبادیCave Salamander, Paradactylodon gorganensisis a native species of Iran and only found in the Shir-abad cave of Gorgan. In this study, the gonads of male animals have been studied by electron microscopy. In order to fulfill this purpose, five Paradactylodon gorganensisSa MoreCave Salamander, Paradactylodon gorganensisis a native species of Iran and only found in the Shir-abad cave of Gorgan. In this study, the gonads of male animals have been studied by electron microscopy. In order to fulfill this purpose, five Paradactylodon gorganensisSalamander collected from May to September from Shir-abad cave and were transported to the laboratory. After reviewing the anatomy and morphology of the animals, they were anesthetized and dissected. Testicles cut into small pieces and fixed in Glutaraldehyde fixative. With using standard procedure, histological grade composite was prepared for microscopic study. Animal studies showed that this species have not two sex. A pair of testicles and a cream-colored cylindrical are in the abdominal cavity and all attached to the kidney also, yellow fat bodies were seen.Gonads are sectional, marginal lobes are large and multifaceted but central lobes are small and round. Spermatogenesis have cystic pattern and testicular spermatogenesis in active testis groups of cells in different stages are seen in different lobes, were seen in a sexual but in one lobe most of cells are synchronized. Spermatozoa were drawn, but the core of the acrosome was not observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Study of histology and morphology of Urogenital system of (Paradactylodon gorganensis) (Amphibian – Urodella – Hynobiida)
نعیمه رضاپور میترا حیدری نصرآبادی حاجی قلی کمیParadactylodon gorganensisfrom the family Hynobiidae as a rare species is endemic of Iran.This species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57and#39; N, 55 01and#39; E), in the eastern part of the Elburz Mountains, MoreParadactylodon gorganensisfrom the family Hynobiidae as a rare species is endemic of Iran.This species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57and#39; N, 55 01and#39; E), in the eastern part of the Elburz Mountains, in the Golestan Province, northern Iran. The cave is at an elevation of 310 meters above sea level. In this research we aimed to study the morphological and histological structure of Urogenital system in this species .in order to fulfill this purpose 16 specimens of this salamanders were captured and transferred to laboratory. Afterwards, we examined and measured morphometric characters before dissecting out the reproductive and urinary systems which were then processed for histological examinations.5-6 micron sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylen-Eosin. Morphological and histological studies showed that ,in this species testis is ampular and spermatogenesis occurs in cysts which develop within seminiferous lobules. The kidneys are elongate and there is no obvious sexual dimorphism in shape. In other salamanders the kidneys are proportionately shorter and those in males are narrow anteriorly .Average length and diameter of active testis were 32/76 mm and 4/77mm and in the non active gonad were 17/98 mm and 1/64 mm respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Morphological and Histological Observations on the Testes of Paradactylodon gorganensis
N. Rezapour H.G. Kami M. Heydari-NasrabadiIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells e MoreIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells enveloping germ cells at synchronous stages. Moreover, in numerous species, germ cell progression lasts a year, defining the sexual cycle. Due to the above quoted features, research on factors regulating germ cell progression in amphibians may reach greater insight compared to the mammalian animal models. In the present research, stages in spermatogenesis in Paradactylodon are identified and structurally described for the first time. To this end, 16 specimens of Paradactylodon gorganensis were captured and transferred to laboratory. The species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57' N, 55 01' E), in the eastern part of Alborz Mountains, in Golestan Province, northern Iran. After macroscopic analyses and obtaining the testicular fragments, the material was submitted to the histological routine to be included in paraffin and staining with haematoxylin/eosin. Anatomical studies showed that, in this species testis is slender and milk-white; and average length and diameter of active testis were 32.76 mm and 4.77 mm, respectively. Microscopic analyses studies showed that, in this species testis is ampullar and spermatogenesis occurs in cysts developed within seminiferous lobules. Each of these units clusters cells in the same stage of differentiation and with a synchronism development, common characteristic in the amphibians. In the germ tissue, the primary spermatocytes (mean 5.511 ± 0.537 μm) are the biggest spermatogenetic cells. With the cellular differentiation and proliferation, succeeded the other cellular types (spermatogonia, spermatocytes II, spermatids I and II, and spermatozoa) with a cystic organization, that is, groups of cells associated with Sertoli cells, forming the spermatogenetic cysts or spermatocysts. The spermatogenetic lineage cells were differentiated and identified according to the cellular and cystic morphology. Manuscript profile
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