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Open Access Article
1 - The Determining Degree of Maturity and Effectiveness of Human Capital Management in Mobarakeh Steel Company
I. SoltaniToday human capital management is an important factor in competitive advantage, because people cantransfer knowledge to product and service needed by customer.Organizations should step toward optimizing efficiency of human capital. It is possible to predicthuman resourc MoreToday human capital management is an important factor in competitive advantage, because people cantransfer knowledge to product and service needed by customer.Organizations should step toward optimizing efficiency of human capital. It is possible to predicthuman resource performance by determining maturity level and effectiveness of system related tohuman capital, and also step toward improvement. Hence and considering importance of humancapital. This study was conducted in order to determine maturity level and effectiveness of humancapital, management in Mobarakeh Steel Company. So, using formula of estimation of samplevolume, 240 employees were selected randomly that 237 questionnaires were returned. The researchtool for data gathering was human capital five driver questionire designed by bassi and Mc Murrer.Examining reliability and internal consistency of test showed that reliability was α=0/92 and by splithalf was 0/87, after data gathering, information was analyzed by spss-13, descriptive statistics,fridmen two – sentence test and analysis of variance. The results showed that maturity level andeffectiveness of human capital management in Mobarakeh Steel Company was 64.5% examining fivedrive of human capital showed the following means respectively: Mean 3/41 for learning capacity,mean 3/28 for availability of knowledge, mean 3/24 for people participation mean 3/21 for optimizingwork force, mean 3/08 for leadership practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Examination of relationship between solvency ratios with productivity indexes
Kamran leilipoorIn this research, the relationship between productivity indexes with solvency ratios and manner of the relationship has been studied; in order to make use of solvency ratios as replacement of productivity indexes. Among 372 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, 10 MoreIn this research, the relationship between productivity indexes with solvency ratios and manner of the relationship has been studied; in order to make use of solvency ratios as replacement of productivity indexes. Among 372 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, 100 companies were chosen at random manner, and the hypothesis were tested in a period of 7 years time, between 1380 and the end of 1386. In this research, among financial indexes, solvency ratios (which include debt ratio, interest coverage ratio, debt on stockholders equity ratio and debt on market value stock ratio) and among productivity indexes, labor and capital productivity were chosen. The research proved that among solvency rations just interest coverage ratio is of meaningful relation with productivity indexes, but an appropriate statistical model was not found to replace solvency ratios instead of productivity indexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی اثرات شوک های ناشی از منابع تولید بر روی بهره وری انرژی بخش کشاورزی ایران
سحر اسکندری یعقوب زراعت کیش رضا مقدسی جعفر عزیزی -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی تأثیر سن بازنشستگی بر نرخ مشارکت نیروی کار در کشورهای OECD
مریم ابراهیمی مجید نصیری -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی اثر سرمایه انسانی بر بهره وری در دو استان زنجان و قزوین
سیده الهام صدیقی یداله رجائی اشکان رحیم‌زاده -
Open Access Article
6 - Examining the Instability and Asymmetry Model of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Iran
کامبیز هژبر کیانی محمدرضا ناهیدیIn the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the leve MoreIn the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the level of FDI have been considered as an important factor in achieving their objective. In this study, the impact of some macro-economic variables on FDI is examined in detail in Iran. The period selected is 1352-1388 years and the econometric technique used in this article is the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity(GARCH) for evaluating the conditions of instability and Power Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (PGARCH) for the conditions of asymmetry. The estimated results of the model show that under conditions of instability, increasing the exchange rate has a negative impact on FDI, whereas raising labor productivity, protecting investment security and keeping the degree of openness of the economy has a positive effect on attracting FDI. The estimated outcomes obtained under the unstable conditions, due to the type of impact that the explanatory variables may put on the dependent ones, are similar with those under the stable short-run and long-run model with different effective coefficients[1] and that on the other hand they show a positive effect of the shock caused under the unstable conditions on net decrease in FDI. In sum, the results show the asymmetric effects of the shocks on net FDI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effects of E-commerce on Labor-force productivity (a case study of Industrial sector in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran)
N. Moradhasel F. HosseinzadehThe goal of this paper is to examine the impacts of E-commerce and the level of human capital on labor productivity in industrial units with ten or more employees. Our sample is made of 39 factories with four digit ISCI codes. Using Cobb-Douglas production framework a MoreThe goal of this paper is to examine the impacts of E-commerce and the level of human capital on labor productivity in industrial units with ten or more employees. Our sample is made of 39 factories with four digit ISCI codes. Using Cobb-Douglas production framework and the accelerator principle, we estimated the labor productivity from 2006 to 2010 and found that electronic purchases have a significant negative effect on labor productivity, while electronic sales have no effects. Human capital was also shown to be positively related to labor productivity. کار درصنایع کارخانه­ایاستان آذربایجان شرقیبا استفاده از تابع تولید کاب داگلاسوموجودی سرمایه در صنایع این استان با استفاده از اصل شتاب محاسبه شده است. نتایج حاکی از این است که خرید الکترونیکی در صنایع استان اثری منفی ومعنادار بر بهره‌وری نیروی کار دارد، اما فروش الکترونیکی اثر معناداری بر بهره‌وری نیروی کار ندارد و سرمایه انسانی بر بهره‌وری نیروی کار اثری مثبت و معنادار دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of the two-way Relationship between Health and Labor Productivity in Iran
roya aleemran seyed ali aleemranIntroduction: Increasing the quality of labor is one of the most important factors in improving labor productivity. Also, improving the quality of labor can be achieved through improving the labor health. Accordingly, this study examines the two-way relationship between MoreIntroduction: Increasing the quality of labor is one of the most important factors in improving labor productivity. Also, improving the quality of labor can be achieved through improving the labor health. Accordingly, this study examines the two-way relationship between health and labor productivity in Iran. Methods: This research is doing a causal-analysis by using Toda - Yamamoto and Johansen-Juselius methods over the period of first quarter of 1996 to fourth quarter of 2016 for the country of Iran. Also, the level of significant is 5 percent. Results: There is a two-way relationship between health and labor productivity. Also, one percent increase in privet health expenditure, increases the labor productivity by 0.67 percent. Accordingly one percent increase in the labor productivity lead to 1.48 percent increase in privet health expenditure. Conclusion: Given the significant cross positive impact of health on labor productivity and vice versa, it is recommended that policy makers with increase health, improve labor productivity and also, with increase labor productivity, improve laber health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - رابطه استراتژی چابکی، سازمان چابک و نیروی کار چابک در اورژانس بیمارستان‌های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
شادی ادیبی فرد حسین وظیفه دوست -
Open Access Article
10 - An Evaluation of Jurisprudence-legal Feasibility of the Workforce Ability as Property in Insolvency Claims
Mohammad Hassan Siadat Mobin Kordi (corresponding author) Mohammad Reza ShirbandiThere is no consensus among jurists regarding the ability to work by a free person and whether this ability is considered as real property or not. In this regard, from the point of view of some jurists, the mere ability to work in terms of physical and mental health lea MoreThere is no consensus among jurists regarding the ability to work by a free person and whether this ability is considered as real property or not. In this regard, from the point of view of some jurists, the mere ability to work in terms of physical and mental health leads the person not to be considered as insolvency, even if he lacks wealth in terms of tangible property and religious demand. On the other hand, some others do not accept such a view. Because they believe that the ability of a free person to work in a potential way is not considered a property that can be attributed a benefit to its potential physical strength. This view seems to be more acceptable; because the first view considers the ability to work as a property, but, for example, a lawyer who has a lawyer's license, no cases are referred to him for representation, and as a result, he has no income, can this potential ability be considered property? Therefore, this study seeks to identify the best viewpoint in order to implement justice as best as possible, according to the analysis of the above viewpoints in an analytical and descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The investigation of relationship between labor value added and accrual and cash performance measures of companies in drug industry
Zohreh HajihaIn recent years, value added and labor value added variables in presentation andmeasurement of companies performance have been vastly used. From another aspect,predicting financial situation of companies has become a concern of professionalistsand academicians. To conne MoreIn recent years, value added and labor value added variables in presentation andmeasurement of companies performance have been vastly used. From another aspect,predicting financial situation of companies has become a concern of professionalistsand academicians. To connect between these two phenomena can cover some gaps inboth fields. Therefore, in this research labor value added variables were calculated inthree groups of Economic Structure Ratios, Productivity Ratios and ManagerialEfficiency Ratios. Each of these ratios also were calculated for three groups of directlabor, indirect labor and non manufacturing labor. Research period was 7 years from2001 to 2007 and companies active in drug industry accepted in Tehran StockExchange were analyzed. There are a variety of ratios, so an average of ratios for sixyears was calculated for each ratio. Bankruptcy prediction model that was used todifferentiate between bankrupt and non bankrupt companies for the research, is SprinGate (1978) model. Based on the model that was applied in 2007( last year of theresearch), sample companies were categorized into two groups of bankrupt and nonbankrupt and by value added ratios of these companies.Discriminant function is including ten ratios from two groups of EconomicStructure Ratios, Productivity Ratios and Managerial Efficiency Ratios. From tenratios that are discriminant ratios, six are related to indirect and non manufacturinglabor value added and only 4 variables are related to manufacturing direct labor valueadded. In the mean time, they are not the strongest discriminant ratios. This result isinteresting since it presents the importance indirect labor and non manufacturinglabor to create value added. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Factors affecting productivity of human resources working in the city center of financial and administrative department
Mohammadreza AstanIntroduction and Objective:In today's competitive world, if we want to increase the productivity of work place, we must have more production with less manpower, less money, less time, less space and generally with fewer resources . This study aimed to assess facto MoreIntroduction and Objective:In today's competitive world, if we want to increase the productivity of work place, we must have more production with less manpower, less money, less time, less space and generally with fewer resources . This study aimed to assess factors affecting productivity of human resources working in the Municipal Center Administration and Finance department has been calculated. Method:In this study combination of documentary and survey method has been used and necessary information has been gathered using a questionnaire with 79 questions. statistical society is municipality employers in fund and economical department (center of Tabriz municipality) which are 100 persons. Data is analyzed by SPSS. Results:The results indicate that variables include, efficient use of resources, creativity and innovation, organizational commitment and environmental factors with the mean score of 3.6, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.1 of the 5 have highest values among independent variables in this study. The lowest score among independent variables is owned by the feedback sensing variable, with an average score of 2.7 from 5. Conclusion: The correlation test used between variables in order to assess the effectiveness of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable .Results of this test showed strong and significant correlation between independent variables such as Job satisfaction, creativity and innovation, legitimacy in terms of staff management, efficient use of resources, organizational support, feedback measurement and environmental conditions on productivity of labor force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effectiveness test of customer concentration on cash holdings adjustment speed in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Amin RastegarAccording to the managerial entrenchment hypothesis, uncertainty about government policies (such as taxation and labor laws) is expected to increase significantly during the years of national elections in companies with a larger workforce, which ultimately affects ineff MoreAccording to the managerial entrenchment hypothesis, uncertainty about government policies (such as taxation and labor laws) is expected to increase significantly during the years of national elections in companies with a larger workforce, which ultimately affects inefficiency. Labor investment will be. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political uncertainty on the labor investment inefficiency in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, 140 companies (980 year-company observation) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2018 have been reviewed. In order to test the research hypotheses, the multiple linear regression model was used using panel data. The results of this study show that during the years of national elections, the labor investment inefficiency has increased. In other words, there is a significant negative relationship between political uncertainty and labor investment inefficiency. These results indicate the importance and effectiveness of political uncertainty in labor investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study of the Correlation between Cost Layoff and Cost Stickiness
Mohammad Hosein Vadeei Noghani Seyed Mohsen Salehi VaziriPurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the correlation between layoff cost and asymmetric cost behavior or cost stickiness.Methods: The number of workers and legal claim costs for searching layoff costs were chosen as 2 criteria in this research. The sam MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the correlation between layoff cost and asymmetric cost behavior or cost stickiness.Methods: The number of workers and legal claim costs for searching layoff costs were chosen as 2 criteria in this research. The sample under study included 108 corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2016-2021.Results: An increase in the number of workers leads to more labor cost stickiness and if their number declines, labor cost stickiness decreases too. As for legal claims, if a corporation has more legal claims, labor cost stickiness goes up and if it has less legal claims, labor cost stickiness comes down too.Conclusions: Layoff costs play a main role in moderating cost behavior models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating the impact of leadership ability on audit quality considering the diversity of auditors' leadership
Ahmad Hemati Dehaghani Hamzeh Mohammadi Khoshoei Rahman Saedisince the work in the audit profession is a team work and group, the audit team leading ability is effective by partners and managers to improve the audit quality. also according to work force diversity theory, audit leadership diversity from the perspective of combinat Moresince the work in the audit profession is a team work and group, the audit team leading ability is effective by partners and managers to improve the audit quality. also according to work force diversity theory, audit leadership diversity from the perspective of combination of different features such as age, experience and race has a significant role in increasing the quality of audit. therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of auditors ' leadership ability on audit quality by considering the diversity of auditors ' leadership . this research is an applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method is descriptive survey by structural equation modeling. the statistical population of this research is all partners and managers working in the audit organization or private audit institutions in iran during the year 2022 AH. That According to the statistics announced on the website of the official accountants society of Iran, the number of these members is 1781. also according to cochran formula 316 people were selected as the sample and were selected by random sampling. a standard questionnaire with 46 questions and 5 level likert scale was used to collect data. for descriptive and inferential analysis of data collected and testing hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) with SPSS and PLS software is used.after conducting the validation tests, the results of hypothesis test indicate that the influence of auditor leadership ability on audit quality is positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Presenting the human resources productivity management system model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country
zhara yazdan panah Mohammad Salehi negin jabbary843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with More843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with a practical purpose and a mixed approach with an exploratory design. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured, and the quantitative part was used to collect data from the researcher-made questionnaire of human resources productivity with 4 main components (individual, organizational, economic and cultural factors) and efficient workforce recruitment with 3 main components. (Giving information to employees, delegation of authority and salary system) derived from the interview results were used in the qualitative section. The results showed that among the 57 available indicators, 7 main factors (dimensions) can be identified. The dimension of organizational factors with a factor load of 0.89 has the highest influence coefficient and the dimension of delegation of authority with a factor load of 0.51 has the lowest influence factor in the effective factors in the establishment of the human resources productivity management system to attract efficient staff in the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The impact of information and communication technology on the productivity of industries
سیده الهام صدیقی کامبیز هژبر کیانی یداله رجایی اشکان رحیم زادهAbstractThe industry sector is one of the most important and influential sectors in the economy ofany country. Information and communication technology can be effective on all types ofproductivity in industries through infrastructure channels. Iran, as a developing coun MoreAbstractThe industry sector is one of the most important and influential sectors in the economy ofany country. Information and communication technology can be effective on all types ofproductivity in industries through infrastructure channels. Iran, as a developing country,seeks to improve productivity due to its special conditions. In industries, in order to uselimited resources more and more efficiently, so that by increasing its competitive power,it can be successful in competing with global markets and international arenas. Therefore,the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of information and communicationtechnology on the productivity of all production factors.capital productivity and laborproductivity in factory industries of Zanjan and Qazvin provinces This research in termsof its practical purpose and its time period includes the years 2006-2016. The statisticalpopulation also includes factory industries with 10 workers and above in the two provincesof Zanjan and Qazvin. The relevant data is based on the latest published information ofthe four-digit isic codes of the industries. Factories with 10 or more workers in twoprovinces have been collected from the Iranian Statistics Center. The research hypotheseswere tested through panel data using the Cobb-Douglas production function and estimatedby Ols method by Eviews econometrics software. The results of this study show that Fawadoes not have a significant effect on capital productivity and labor productivity in twoprovinces, but it shows a negative and significant effect on the total productivity ofproduction factors in two provinces. Therefore, in order to increase the level of productionand improve productivity, different industries should include in their long-term plan bypreparing the necessary infrastructure for the introduction of technology suitable for theconditions and structure of the industry and providing new courses to prepare thespecialized workforce with new technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Workforce Agility
khadijeh Ahmadi gherache Hosein Sayadi Toranlo Zeynab Bakhtiyari Farahnaz AhangAgility is a new model that enables the organization to respond to unexpected changes.Organizations should have agile employees to achieve agility. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to behaviors that affect the agility of the workforce. the researchers are goi MoreAgility is a new model that enables the organization to respond to unexpected changes.Organizations should have agile employees to achieve agility. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to behaviors that affect the agility of the workforce. the researchers are going to examine the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the agility of the workforce. he statistical population of the study was 400 employees in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 196 people. 200 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the staff and 166 questionnaires were collected. This research based on its purpose is applied research and in terms of data collection method, a descriptive survey is a survey. To assess organizational citizenship behavior, the questionnaire of Pendikov et al. (1990) was used and to measure the agility of the workforce, using the standard questionnaire of Go & et al. 2002. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate their reliability that obtained result for the citizenship behavior questionnaire was 0.732 and for the agility of the staffs it was 0.960. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics method and SPSS and Amos software was used. The results of research model showed that organizational citizenship behavior in workforce agility had a significant and positive effect of 0.6. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Presenting a Suitable Model for Strategic Human Resource Management with Approach of Organizational Knowledge Creation Capability in Iranian Public Organizations
Mokhtar Ranjbar Masood PourkiaeeStrategic human resource management is a relatively new field of research that seeks to examine human resource practices from a macro perspective, examining the effects of HR practices on variables of organizational levels performance instead of individual level outcome MoreStrategic human resource management is a relatively new field of research that seeks to examine human resource practices from a macro perspective, examining the effects of HR practices on variables of organizational levels performance instead of individual level outcomes. This article focused on the antecedents of outcomes of capability of organizational knowledge creation. Specifically, this study focuses on how strategic human resource management in Iranian public organizations can be drawn on to build and support organizational knowledge capability and how this capability is related to organizational innovation. Finally based on the results of this research, we developed the suitable model for Iranian public organization. The results showed that four configurations of SHRM were significantly related to three workforce characteristics (human capital, employee motivation and employee turnover). Also the workforce characteristics were significantly related to capability of organizational knowledge creation. Finally results showed that organizational knowledge creation capability is significantly related to organizational innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Survey on the Impact of HPWS on Labor Productivity in Service SMEs: Mediating Role of Social Capital and Knowledge Exchange and Combination
Iman Hakimi Morteza Moradi Abbas ShoulThe present study aimed at opening up the black box on how high-performance work systems affect labor productivity by investigating the mediating role of social capital and knowledge exchange and combination. The statistical population consisted of managers and employee MoreThe present study aimed at opening up the black box on how high-performance work systems affect labor productivity by investigating the mediating role of social capital and knowledge exchange and combination. The statistical population consisted of managers and employees of professional services companies in Tehran metropolis in 2018. To collect the data, 800 standard questionnaires were distributed directly or via email among the sample who were recruited through random sampling, out of which 461 completed questionnaires (57.6%) were received. After confirming the validity and reliability of the collected data, the research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling using SPSS and SmartPLS2 softwares. The findings show that a high-performance work system has a positive effect on labor productivity. In addition, the mediating roles of social capital (with the impact intensity of 0.48) and knowledge exchange (with the impact intensity of 0.22) in the relationship between high performance work systems and labor productivity were confirmed. It can also be argued that social capital has a positive and significant effect on the development of the process capabilities of knowledge exchange and combination in the organizations studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Effect of Promotion Tournament on Organizational Labor Productivity Enhancement: The Case of Kale Company
razieh kardgar Ghahraman Abdoli ءMohammad Hossein Dehghani FirouzabadiThe theory of tournament which seeks a way of enhancing labour motivation and promote their performance through structuring remunerations might be one of the most common strategies to promote employees’ effort and eliminate employers’ asymmetric learning. Th MoreThe theory of tournament which seeks a way of enhancing labour motivation and promote their performance through structuring remunerations might be one of the most common strategies to promote employees’ effort and eliminate employers’ asymmetric learning. The structure of the reward is designed in such a way that upon observing the production level, the amount of reward is proportionate to varying amount of effort different laborers invest. The purpose of this research was to consider the extent to which the tournament theory might be employed to promote Iranian employees’ motivation and increase their performance, and thereby, that of national organizations. The research data were collected from a sample of employees at Kalleh Company in 2016. The research questions were answered using Multiperson Tournament with N employees and N reward. The findings indicated that keeping the reward constant, the tournament size could not significantly impact the effort level nor could the amount of reward. Hence, neither of these might be considered as motivation promoting devices to optimize performance. On the other hand, firms prefer larger tournaments with regard to the constant cost required for executing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Model of Corporate Social Responsibility in a Competitive Environment based on Improving Labor Productivity in Food Industry
Vahide Hajihassani Hassan Rangriz Babak HajikarimiThe present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targ MoreThe present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targeted and snowball sampling methods and were interviewed. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews and analysed according to the grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin ‘s systematic approach. The results based on the grounded theory approach revealed that there were 161 open codes, 46 axial codes and 20 selective codes. According to the results of the study, the use of the model would result in improved customer experience, brand reputation and economic independence, which, in the current situation of the country that is under economic sanctions, is an effective factor in reducing Iran's dependence on other countries. Moreover, it was found that labour productivity can be improved through the cleanliness and neatness of the work environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the effective Factors on Labor Force Productivity in Production Function Frame Work (With an emphasis on entrepreneurship
Zahra Najafi Karim AzarbaiejaniNowadays, the entrepreneurship is the least necessity needed for a country to increase its ability to compete effectively with other countries. Along with globalization, all the countries in order to have an effective competition should move forward to the new technolog MoreNowadays, the entrepreneurship is the least necessity needed for a country to increase its ability to compete effectively with other countries. Along with globalization, all the countries in order to have an effective competition should move forward to the new technologies and innovation. In this regard the Vector auto-regressive (VAR) with the help of (Eviews8) software was used. To investigate the causal relationship between the variables, the parallel Granger causality test was used. The obtained results showed that there was a causal relationship between the labor Force productivity and entrepreneurship. The result of stimulation reaction indicated that the variables have the most effects on their past values. At the end of shock period, the most effect was on net capital and entrepreneurship logarithms respectively. The results of variance analysis of prediction error also showed that the fluctuations of entrepreneurship in the short term are mainly as high as 99.5 percent. Then in the fifth period, the share of the remaining variables reaches about 42 percent and the logarithm of net capital and logarithm of labor productivity respectively have the highest and the lowest shares in explaining this variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - To Study the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Iran Productive Industries
Mohammadreza Tabibi Arezoo Vahebi Vahid NoornejadSuccessful companies have realized that investment on intellectual capital to create valuable products and services is essential. Moreover, in unsafe situations for new investment, enterprise has no choice except optimal use of available resources, Productivity is defin MoreSuccessful companies have realized that investment on intellectual capital to create valuable products and services is essential. Moreover, in unsafe situations for new investment, enterprise has no choice except optimal use of available resources, Productivity is defined as an efficient and effective use of resources for production. The importance of this research is in highlighting the role of intellectual capital in the productivity of materials and chemical products industry. Firstly, in this study the value of intellectual capital investment companies based on the method applied and also the value of productivity based on productivity indicators presented by national Iranian productivity organization for a period of 10 years from 1379 to 1388 calculated and next the relationship between intellectual capital and the productivity of investment companies in Tehran stock exchange of material and chemical products has been assessed. The statistical method used to analyze data is GLS. General purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital and company productivity. The important finding of this research is a positive relation between human capital efficiency and labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Relationship between Productivity and Quality of Work Life by Using MCP/PMT Technique: A Case Study
Majid Bager zadeh Mohammad reza EtebariThe results of economic experiments in the world show that if any country wants to be a pioneer in economy and not to lag behind in the competition, it has to have experienced, skillful, motivated, innovative and creative manpower. We wouldn’t expect any improveme MoreThe results of economic experiments in the world show that if any country wants to be a pioneer in economy and not to lag behind in the competition, it has to have experienced, skillful, motivated, innovative and creative manpower. We wouldn’t expect any improvement in productivity if we couldn’t meet welfare and living needs of the personnel and if we couldn’t attain a competency- oriented system, equity and justice through comprehensive performance evaluation system. The term "quality of work life" has repeatedly been used as a criterion of human experience quality at work. Managers increasingly expect that the productivity of an organization should create facilities which maintain employees' quality of work life. The concept of quality of work life indicates the importance of people at work and the respect for them. In this paper the relationship between productivity and quality of work life has been evaluated. These two terms are part of the seven overall performance measurement criteria for any organization that needs to assess and measure. Initially, some definitions have been presented about productivity and the quality of work life, and then the correlation of them has been evaluated using a case study on a manufacturing firm. The results of this study show the meaningful relation between the overall productivity, labor productivity and the quality of work life in the firm under study and demonstrate the amount of correlation between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Impressibility of Wages from Labor Force Productivity in Iran (Application of Johansen-Juselius Method)
Roya Aleemran Seyyed Ali AleemranWage and labor productivity are two key variables of labor market and are of interest to the economics connoisseurs on two levels – micro and macro – from the viewpoint of economic logic and policy-making. These two variables are related, on the one hand, to MoreWage and labor productivity are two key variables of labor market and are of interest to the economics connoisseurs on two levels – micro and macro – from the viewpoint of economic logic and policy-making. These two variables are related, on the one hand, to the efficacy of the economic secrots’ decisions and on the other, to the economic growth, development, and welfare. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the impressibility of wages from the labor productivity in Iran during the period from 1978 to 2012. For the theoretical analysis of the subject, Johansen - Juselius method has been used. The results obtained from the research indicate that the impact of the variable coefficients accorded with the theoretical foundations and were statistically significant. The results show that the increase in each variable – average productivity of labor, minimum wage, educational level of the labor force, and the rate of labor force employment – causes the increase in average wage. Also, the results of vector error correction model indicate that in each period, 0.79 of short run imbalances are adjusted to achieve long run balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Designing a Teleworking Contingency Model Compatible with Organizational Culture: A Solution to Improve Productivity of Senior Executives and Executive of Telework in the Public Sector
Gholamreza Kashani Reza Najafbagy Naser MirsepassiBased the results of previous research studies, four types of teleworking were proposed that were assumed to be compatible with the four organizational cultures. Via a rich literature review, the factors involved in the formation of teleworking were added to the concept MoreBased the results of previous research studies, four types of teleworking were proposed that were assumed to be compatible with the four organizational cultures. Via a rich literature review, the factors involved in the formation of teleworking were added to the conceptual model and their congruence with the Iranian organizations were measured through two stages of pragmatic and scientific talent via the Delphi technique. The telework industry indicators were determined via a questionnaire that was administered to a snowball sample selected from the population of experienced teleworkers, teleworker managers, and the scientific community that is normally associated with teleworking. Comparison of the similarity of each aspect of the factors with types of organizational cultures supported the similarity among them. The research data were analyzed using SPSS software and the Multidimensional Scaling Technology rendering four types of teleworking based on the distance matrix and determining the coordinates of each of the indicators on the dimensions of the model of competitive values model (control dimension - flexibility and focus on intraocularization outside the organization). The results showed that organizational culture significantly influences the way teleworking works, and that teleworking is a multi-dimensional structure whose precise execution depends on the context. This implies the necessity of telecommunication modalities to be implemented in order to take advantage of the organization from an ecological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The relation between hygiene and labor productivity Developing Countries
Alireza jor jor zadeh Shaghayegh Khari Azad Mehdi BasiratInvestment in human resources and improving its quality play eassential role in increasing productivity and accelerating economic growth. In this regard, one of the ways of increasing human capital is promoting the level of hygiene and health of the work-force. The effe MoreInvestment in human resources and improving its quality play eassential role in increasing productivity and accelerating economic growth. In this regard, one of the ways of increasing human capital is promoting the level of hygiene and health of the work-force. The effect of this study, the impact of adult male mortality rate and health expenditures are considered and examined as health indicators that affect the labor productivity. The findings of the research using panel data for 17 developing countries during the period between 1992 and 2012 show that the mortality rate of adult men has negative impact on health expenditure and a positive impact on labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effects of Human Development on Labor Productivity in Selected OECD Countries
Monere Dezaji Arash Ketabforosh BadriOne of the basic issues in the field of development is rational utilization of the abilities and talents of the manpower in the community. Increasing productivity is the only way that will promote the economic development and welfare of a nation. The miraculous changes MoreOne of the basic issues in the field of development is rational utilization of the abilities and talents of the manpower in the community. Increasing productivity is the only way that will promote the economic development and welfare of a nation. The miraculous changes in short-term economic growth and development in many countries are the result of increased productivity and the optimum, efficient and effective use of human and physical resources they have. In this regard, this study tries to investigate the effects of the Human Development Index on labor productivity in 32 selected OECD countries by using panel data model in the period 2002-2009. The results show that Human Development Index had a significant and positive effect on labor productivity in the countries studied. Also, openness, value added production, health expenditures and physical capital have positive and significant effects on labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Nonlinear Effects of Urbanization and Human Capital on Energy Consumption in Different Sectors of Economy in Iran
Monere Dezaji Arash Ketabforoush BadriScrutiny of energy consumption behavioural patterns in various economic sectors represent an essential step in energy consumption planning and management. Delineation of determinants of energy demand is highly significant in Iran which is a country with rich energy reso MoreScrutiny of energy consumption behavioural patterns in various economic sectors represent an essential step in energy consumption planning and management. Delineation of determinants of energy demand is highly significant in Iran which is a country with rich energy resources, abundant oil and gas supplies, heavy minerals and potential resources. Therefore, using Panel Data Methods, this study explored the effects of urbanization and human capital on energy consumption in Iranian agriculture, industry and services sectors over a 17-year period between 1996 and 2016. The results showed that human capital, workforce productivity, interactive effect of human capital on workforce productivity and the squared value of economic sectors had negative effects while the added value had positive impacts on energy consumption during the specified period. The results of the analyses indicated that human capital and workforce productivity in economic sectors had negative significant interactive effects on energy consumption at the critical value of .01 implying that an increase in human capital and corresponding workforce enhancement will facilitate economizing on energy consumption. Moreover, the estimated coefficients of added value and squared added value of economic activities revealed an inverse U-shaped relationship between added values of economic sectors and energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of Labor Productivity, Investment Security, Exchange Rate, and Economic Openness on Foreign Direct Investment in Iran under Stable and Nonstable Conditions
Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Mohammadreza NahidiThe main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) MoreThe main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) models, and the study of nonstable conditions is based on Hitrosidacity group (GARCH) models. The study examines the effect of Positive and negative shocks on the net foreign direct investment under nonstable conditions. The results indicate the positive effects of labor productivity, economic openness and investment security, and the negative effect of the exchange rate on the net foreign direct investment under stable and nonstable conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effects of Total Factor Productivity on Employment in Iranian Manufacturing Industries
shima sangsari mohammadgholi yousefy hamid amadehThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three gro MoreThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three groups of low-technology, Medium Low Technology, and Medium High Technology industries. The results show a significant and negative impact of total factor productivity on employment in Total industries and Medium High Technology industries that means meaning that the increase in total productivity factors in short and long term reduces total employment of Medium High Technology industries. In addition, total factor productivity has a negative effect on employment in low Technology and Medium Low Technology, meaning that increasing productivity in both the short and long run reduces employment in low-tech and medium-low industries. According to the results, increasing the skill and Workforce expertise and new Machinery can lead to increased productivity in the employment of Iranian industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Analysis the Effect of Inefficiency in Labor Investment on Tax Avoidance in a Selection of Export Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
shahryar zaroki Mohamad Abdi Seyyedkolaee sudabe BararjaniTax avoidance reduces the outflow of cash from the company to the government, which from the past to the present is considered a value for shareholders. Therefore, considering such a necessity, the present study, in order to help tax administrators, examines the effects MoreTax avoidance reduces the outflow of cash from the company to the government, which from the past to the present is considered a value for shareholders. Therefore, considering such a necessity, the present study, in order to help tax administrators, examines the effects of investment inefficiency in the labor force on corporate tax avoidance activities for a sample of 64 export companies in Iran during the period of 2009 to 2019. For this purpose, in two stages, Dynamic Panel Data method and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator were used; in this way, first, the inefficiency of investment in labor was estimated and then its effect on corporate tax avoidance was estimated. The results of estimating the research model indicate the direct effect of investment inefficiency in the workforce on corporate tax avoidance. In addition, the results showed that the market value and size of the company are associated with a direct and inverse effect on tax avoidance, respectively. Thus, increasing ambiguity, a weaker control environment, and a reduction in expected cash flows due to inefficient investment in the workforce provide opportunities for the company's manager to increase tax avoidance, and tax policymakers need to pay special attention to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Labor Market Equilibrium in Profit-sharing Model Emphasizing on Islamic Approach
yadollah dadgar Iraj Totonchian mohammadreza armanmehrProfit-sharing of the workers is a fairly way for the workforce which plays a vital role in efficiency and sustainable economic growth. Studying this subject by Islamic approach can be a new step. The supply and demand balance in the Profit-Sharing model will be analyze MoreProfit-sharing of the workers is a fairly way for the workforce which plays a vital role in efficiency and sustainable economic growth. Studying this subject by Islamic approach can be a new step. The supply and demand balance in the Profit-Sharing model will be analyzed from the perspective of Islam. In this paper, the data will be collected in libraries and the documentation analyzed by using content analysis. In addition, depended on Islamic economical principles, geometrical and mathematical means are used to explain the matter more reasonably. To investigate the equilibrium of labor share in the economy, firstly, the labor market equilibrium rent is investigated. Then, the effect of Profit-sharing model of Islamic Economics will be studied on the balance of labor supply and demand. The stability of the economy equilibrium in profit-Sharing will be expressed based on Islamic teachings. Finally, some results of profit-Sharing Model are described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The effect of internal factors on sales performance with the mediating role of idea transfer, creativity and sales force innovation: Emphasis on the role of self-efficacy moderator
Reza Baloo Elnaz Mehran Farzad Asayesh Alireza RoustaThe growing trend of competition in the sale of products and services has led organizations to pay special attention to the sale of their products and services, and as a result, good planning and investment in the use of sales forces to develop the level of sales perfor MoreThe growing trend of competition in the sale of products and services has led organizations to pay special attention to the sale of their products and services, and as a result, good planning and investment in the use of sales forces to develop the level of sales performance.Do it yourself. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of intra-organizational factors(regulatory knowledge, adaptability of new workforce and investment in team social capital) on sales performance with emphasis on the mediating role of idea transfer, new workforce creativity and sales innovation.To.This study also examines the role of self-efficacy modulator on the impact of intra-organizational factors on sales performance. The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers and senior managers of food production companies that 138 people were selected as the research sample using stratified-random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using a questionnaire by structural equation modeling with a partial least squares approach using Smart-Pas software.The findings of this study showed that the adaptability of new workforce and investment in team social capital, idea transfer and sales innovation had a significant effect on sales performance. This study also showed that self-efficacy only modulates the effect of new sales force adaptability on sales performance and its moderating role in relation to the effect of regulatory knowledge and investment in team social capital on sales performance was not confirmedKeywords: regulatory knowledge; New workforce adaptability; Investing in team social capital; Idea transfer; New workforce creativity;Sales innovation;Self Efficacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Understanding the social determinants of labor migration to Canada during the period 1386 to 1391
سیدرضا معینی هاجر کلاهدوزان مصطفی مختاریThis study is based on questionnaires completed by people who have conditions apply for immigration through career counseling offices and international agencies licensed by the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare have been conducted That's why it i MoreThis study is based on questionnaires completed by people who have conditions apply for immigration through career counseling offices and international agencies licensed by the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare have been conducted That's why it is very detailed and accurate information is extracted and it is the strength and specificity of this research. The findings of this study, based on secondary analysis of career counseling offices and international agencies that has been the basis for analysis. This study has tried to take advantage of library procedures and questionnaire, collect the information required and the data entry software SPSS, data analyzed and evaluated. In analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics and factor analysis were used. The results and findings of the research show that the most important factor for immigration to Canada, and the lack of jobs and income and the lack of decent jobs, along with issues such as job security and social constraints inhibiting factors in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - برداشت کارآمد زعفران با استفاده از برنامه ریزی عدد صحیح
سیامک خیبری امیر بکاییان سید علی ناجی نصرآبادی یزداز بین محصولات مختلف کشاورزی، زعفران نقش عمده­ای در تولید ناخالص داخلی و رشد درآمد سرانه ایران دارد. با توجه به کمبود نیروی کار و مدت زمان محدود در دسترس برای برداشت، مناطق زیر کشت زعفران در ایران در سال­های آینده کاهش خواهد یافت. بنابراین، برنامه­ریزی مناسب Moreاز بین محصولات مختلف کشاورزی، زعفران نقش عمده­ای در تولید ناخالص داخلی و رشد درآمد سرانه ایران دارد. با توجه به کمبود نیروی کار و مدت زمان محدود در دسترس برای برداشت، مناطق زیر کشت زعفران در ایران در سال­های آینده کاهش خواهد یافت. بنابراین، برنامه­ریزی مناسب برای استفاده بهینه از نیروی کار یکی از مهم ترین روش­ها برای کشت کارا و بهینه زعفران است. در همین راستا، برای حل مشکل مذکور در این مقاله یک مدل برنامه نویسی عدد صحیح ارائه شده است. در مدل پیشنهادی، با هدف حداقل کردن مجموع هزینه­های نیروی کار و با توجه به محدودیت­هایی شامل ساعات کار نیروی انسانی در هر شیفت، سرعت کار، تعداد زمین­هایی که در یک روز باید مورد برداشت قرار گیرند و ارتباط بین ساعات کاری هر کارگر و هزینه آن، میزان بهینه متغیرهای تصمیم از جمله تعداد شیفت کاری و میزان ساعات کاری در هر شیفت تعیین شدند. برای ارزیابی مدل پیشنهادی، اطلاعات در مورد زمین­هایی در مناطق مختلف شهر قاین، واقع در استان خراسان جنوبی ایران جمع آوری شد. با مقایسه خروجی مدل پیشنهادی با وضعیت واقعی، توانایی مدل تأیید قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج ارائه شده در این مطالعه، استفاده از مدل پیشنهادی افزایش حجم زعفران برداشت شده با استفاده از حداقل تعداد نیروی کار را در برداشت. در نهایت، نتایج مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفت و پیشنهاداتی برای تحقیقات آینده ارائه شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - تجزیه و تحلیل بهره وری نیروی کار در میان کشاورزان خرده پا کاساوا برای امنیت غذایی و توانمندسازی در ماداگاسکار مرکزی
بی.سی اوکویه آ. عباس بی. بچونکیزی جی. آسوموقا بی. آلنکه آر. راناوسون ان. رابمانانتسوا آی. رالیمانانابهرهوری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر می‌گذارد، اما بررسی منابع تجربی نشان می‌دهد که تحقیقات اندکی روی اندازه‌گیری این رابطه انجام گرفته است. بانک اطلاعات ماداگاسکار مرکزی اقدام به بررسی تأثیر بهره‌وری نیروی کار و متغیرهای مربوطه بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی کشاورزان کاساوا ک Moreبهره‌وری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر می‌گذارد، اما بررسی منابع تجربی نشان می‌دهد که تحقیقات اندکی روی اندازه‌گیری این رابطه انجام گرفته است. بانک اطلاعات ماداگاسکار مرکزی اقدام به بررسی تأثیر بهره‌وری نیروی کار و متغیرهای مربوطه بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی کشاورزان کاساوا کرده است. در این مقاله با تکیه بر شواهد نظری و تجربی بحث می‌شود که در حال حاضر، در تحلیل‌های خط مشی غالباً به اثرات بنیادی پیوندهای میان بهره‌وری نیروی کار و امنیت غذایی توجه نمی‌شود. در این مطالعه از رگرسیون پروبیت برای توضیح تأثیر بهره‌وری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی 180 کشاورز کاساوای خرده‌مالک در مالاگاسی استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به کمک نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شده بودند. نتایج نشان داد که 25 درصد کشاورزان با مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بهره‌وری نیروی کار به همراه عضویت در شرکت‌های تعاونی و اندازة مزرعه رابطة مستقیم با امنیت غذایی کشاورزان در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشتند. مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی در میان کشاورزان مسن‌تر در سطح احتمال 10 درصد شدیدتر از کشاورزان جوان‌تر بود. در میان کشاورزان نمونه، خانواده‌هایی که نسبت وابستگی و نیروی کار خانوادگی بالاتر داشتند به ترتیب در سطح احتمال یک و 10 درصد با مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بنابراین، نتایج حاکی از نیاز به سیاست‌های بازتوزیع زمین و اصلاح ارضی با هدف تشویق کشاورزان جوان‌تر است تا این کشاورزان که ظاهراً بهره‌وری کار بالاتری دارند زمین بیشتری (در قالب شرکت تعاونی) دریافت کنند و با افزایش کشت کاساوا به بهبود امنیت غذایی کمک کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Relationship between diversity of Workforce and Employees' Performance in Zanjan University
OMolbanin Hassanloo PARVANEH GELARDThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of labor force diversity on employees' performance at Zanjan University of Higher Education. Various legal measures have been taken by the government to shape the workforce in organizations. However, these legal me MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of labor force diversity on employees' performance at Zanjan University of Higher Education. Various legal measures have been taken by the government to shape the workforce in organizations. However, these legal measures explicitly focus on forcing organizations to accept diversity, and therefore do not take into account the business's need for it and how it affects employees' behavioral outcomes, such as employee performance. For this reason, this study examines the effects of labor diversity on employees' performance at the university. The study population consisted of all technical and humanitarian faculty members (N = 199). According to the research objectives, 91 non-native professors were selected as purposeful and accessible non-probability sampling. In this study, the labor force diversity questionnaire and the questionnaire Employee performance has been used. The results showed that the predictive effect of age variability was higher than other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Designing a Model of Judicial Human Resources (Judges) Productivity: Grounded Theory
ali mohammad hosseini Rashid Zolfaghari zafarani Sayyed Mahmoud HashemiThis study aims to identify the components of judge's productivity which play a crucial role in society and the structure of government, and were used grounded theory for this approach. The method is based on qualitative research and interview. Semi-structured interview MoreThis study aims to identify the components of judge's productivity which play a crucial role in society and the structure of government, and were used grounded theory for this approach. The method is based on qualitative research and interview. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect and gathering data. Data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was based on theoretical sampling method and was performed by Expected sample (judgmental techniques). In accordance with the systematic model of grounded theory, all judges of the judiciary were selected for Statistical Society. The results of analyzing obtained from the interviews during the open, central and selective coding process led to the creation of a judge's productivity model based on the grounded theory. Finally, a model for judicial productivity (judges) was identified. This study indicate that to increase productivity, managers should pay close attention to all categories and subcategories identified in this study and have the important and sufficient information about each of them. In addition, this study shows the need of paying attention to the judicial human resources productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Impact of the Internet on Labor Productivity in Selected MENA Countries
Ali Salmanpour Safar Farhang Mahnaz Shokouhi Fard Siamak Shokouhi FardThe importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in the nationaleconomy is apparent. ICT has positive outcomes in economy in various forms such as economicgrowth and total productivity, promoting trade of goods and services, reducing inflation andtransac MoreThe importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in the nationaleconomy is apparent. ICT has positive outcomes in economy in various forms such as economicgrowth and total productivity, promoting trade of goods and services, reducing inflation andtransactions costs. This study examines the effects of the internet on labor productivity byusing MENA selected countries data from 2000 to 2013 and dynamic panel data techniquesand by applying Arellano and Bond’s (1991) 1-step and 2-step GMM estimators. To this end,after testing variables stationary and existing co-integration between them, by Pedroni panelco-integration test, the final model was estimated by various estimators. The results of modelestimation by Arellano and Bond’s 2-step GMM estimator indicated that internet has positiveand statistically significant effects on labor productivity and in long term if other factors wereconstant, an increase in the number of internet users per 100 people, GDP per person employed,increases labor productivity 1.92$. Also, the impact of education and health expenditureson labor productivity are positive, but not statistically significant. Trade openness, GDP peremployed person in the previous period and capital formation has positive effects on the laborproductivity and are statistically significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Impact of Information and Communicatin Technology on Labor Productivity in Food Industry of Tehran Province
Farzaneh moradi Kambiz hojabr kianiThe Objective of This Paper is to Estimate the Impact of Information and Communication Tecnology (ICT) on Labor Prodctivity in Food Industry in Tehran Province. Using the Estimating Data we Have Estimated Labor Productivity Equation by Emplaying Cobb_Douglas Production MoreThe Objective of This Paper is to Estimate the Impact of Information and Communication Tecnology (ICT) on Labor Prodctivity in Food Industry in Tehran Province. Using the Estimating Data we Have Estimated Labor Productivity Equation by Emplaying Cobb_Douglas Production Function. our Sample of Balanced Panel Includes 16 Four Digits ISIC Codes of Food Manufacturing Industry for Five Years (2006_2010) We Used The number of Employer Using Internet as an Index ICT Usage. The Results of The Study Indicates That ISIC has a Significant Positive Impact on Labour Productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - بررسی اثر شوک مالیات‌های مستقیم بر تولید ناخالص داخلی و تورم در ایران در چارچوب یک مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی
سید نظام الدین مکیان حسین توکلیان سید محمد صالح نجفی فرا شاه -
Open Access Article
44 - The Minimum Wage Effects on Employment in Manufacturing Industry
Safura Javadi Hassan TaeeThis paper aims at investigating the effect of minimum wage on employment composition among Iran's manufacturing industries، using a microeconomic model which has been estimated by GLS and panel data collected from 1375 to 1384.Estimations show that an increase in minim MoreThis paper aims at investigating the effect of minimum wage on employment composition among Iran's manufacturing industries، using a microeconomic model which has been estimated by GLS and panel data collected from 1375 to 1384.Estimations show that an increase in minimum wage statistically has significant effect on the unskilled employment، and the employment rate of unskilled workers increases when the minimum wage is increased. An important implication of this research is that government requires reconsidering the criteria used for determining the minimum wage in Iran in order to diminish the imbalance in the current labor market. Economic development and level of productivity should be considered as two important criteria of determining the minimum wage Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on labor productivity: a case study of banking industry
Alireza Daghighi Asli Saleh Ghavidel Parima bahrami zonouzThis paper aims to study the impact of ICT on labor productivity in banking industry over the period of 2002-2007. Technique used in this paper is a combination of Cobb–Douglas production function, panel data and e-views software (version 6).The result of estima MoreThis paper aims to study the impact of ICT on labor productivity in banking industry over the period of 2002-2007. Technique used in this paper is a combination of Cobb–Douglas production function, panel data and e-views software (version 6).The result of estimation indicates that ICT has a positive effect on labor productivity in banking industry. Besides, both human and physical capital has shown to have a positive effect on labor productivity. In the light of our findings it is thus suggested that developing countries such as Iran should provide the enabling environment and facilitate investment in ICT, so that domestic and foreign investors are further encouraged investing in this new area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر اشتغال زایی صنایع کوچک در استان گلستان
بیژن باصری نوریه روشنی یساقی -
Open Access Article
47 - تحلیل عوامل موثر بر اشتغال بخش کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی استان ایلام، کردستان، کرمانشاه و همدان)
هادی محمدی نعمت فلیحی صمد باقر آبادی -
Open Access Article
48 - The Analysis of Social Security expenditure on labor productivity and Economic growth in Iran
Bijan Baseri Pouria EmadyThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the social security expenditure on labor productivity and economic growth in Iran. Social security's plays a crucial role in employment productivity and contributes to economic growth indirectly. This article concentrates MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the social security expenditure on labor productivity and economic growth in Iran. Social security's plays a crucial role in employment productivity and contributes to economic growth indirectly. This article concentrates on the measurement of social security expenditure effect on labor productivity and economic growth in Iran during 1975-2006. Based on ARDL methods, we found a positive and significant relation between per capita social security expenditure and labor productivity. The estimated coefficient In short run is tow percent (0.02) and in long run is five percent (0.05). The magnitudes of estimated coefficient are low level in two cases. Based this findings, the government should enhance quality of social security services in labor market to increase labor productivity and improve economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Comprehensive study on labor productivity growth in Iran , using meta-heuristic methods
فرخ نوروزی مسعود نو نژاد مهرزاد ابراهیمی جلیل خداپرستClearly, the main factor in the growth of production, living standards and human welfare, is the growth of productivity, and given the importance of the discussion of productivity in economies and its weak position in explaining the growth of production in Iran, this st MoreClearly, the main factor in the growth of production, living standards and human welfare, is the growth of productivity, and given the importance of the discussion of productivity in economies and its weak position in explaining the growth of production in Iran, this study examines what This issue is addressed. In order to achieve economic growth and development, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting productivity growth in the Iranian economy. A wide range of variables affecting productivity growth are introduced in various studies. However, in practice, due to the limitation of tools and issues such as endogenous economic variables and the unintended impact of change in these variables, it is necessary to consider the key factors influencing interest rate growth. Identify a problem and focus the policymaker on these factors in a specific way. Therefore, this study intends to first identify the factors affecting productivity growth by using feature selection logic, basis on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) then estimate the selective model using Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) for the period(1370-1395) and finally using the Garsen index to measure the sensitivity analysis of factors affecting labour productivity and capital productivity growth.Based on the results of the feature selection logic for the labor productivity model out of the twenty variables used, twelve variables were excluded from the model.The neural network model with predictive power 0/99 and minimum error 0/0017 of the model was selected as the best output Among the results of the Garsen Index, among them, human capital, labor wages and corruption control had the greatest impact on labor productivity growth and the variables of rule of law, R&D and physical capital accumulation had the least impact on labor productivity growth productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Nonlinear Effects of Financial Integration and Inflation on Labor Productivity in Selected Developing Countries: The Markov Switching Approach
Laleh Tabaghchi Akbari Mahmoud Babazadeh Ghasem Sameei Tahereh TaherehAkhundzadehYousefiAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies MoreAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies and relying more on market system and liberalization in its various dimensions can provide the basis for improving the productivity components. On the other hand, examining the impact of inflation on changes in growth rate of labor productivity is subject, which much attention in recent decades. Undoubtedly determination these effects can be helpful in adopting productivity policies. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear effects of financial integration and inflation on labor productivity in 15 selected developing countries at 2006 to 2019 with using of Markov Switching econometric technique. The results indicate that financial integration in both regimes, has a positive effect on labor productivity, but the intensity of this index impact is not very significant. There is also a Significant negative relationship about the effects of inflation on both regimes. Regarding the control variables, the business environment in first regime, has a negative effect and in second regime, it has a positive effect on labor productivity. Regarding the Institutional Factors Index, in the first regime has a positive relationship and in second regime has a negative relationship. Therefore, the need for new reform in these two areas is essential. So, it is necessary to make sustainable and cohesive planning to improve and development of financial integration indicators and also, control inflation in these societies, until from this way, to provide the grounds for promotion of labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Relationship between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies
Abbas Taleb Beydokhti Hassan GhiasiOil section provides 97 percentage of the country energy. The role and importance of the oil on the Iran's economy is no secret to any one, so every change in this section can affect on the Iran's economy. So investigation in this section is necessary. Income Statement MoreOil section provides 97 percentage of the country energy. The role and importance of the oil on the Iran's economy is no secret to any one, so every change in this section can affect on the Iran's economy. So investigation in this section is necessary. Income Statement has basic role in the financial reports and evaluation models.Relay on the Income Statement Indices is not sufficient for the evaluation of the firm performance. Productivity is one of the best criteria for the appraisal of performance and improvement of this is the important duty of the management. Therefore grouth and improvement of organization related to the attention of Productivity. In this paper it is tried to investigate whether there is any relation between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies of Tehran Stock Exchange or not? For this reason, some of the industries of Oil Companies are chosen as a statistical sample and community.Testing of these hypotheses was done by correlation method, regressions analyze & Curve Fit test. It was confirmed that there is a relation between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Happiness and Productivity of Labor in Iran: Econometric Method and Systems Dynamic Approaches
Nematollah Falihi-Pirbasti S. Rahbari-NezhadThehappiness economic subject, like human capital and environmental economics, is very important from micro and macroeconomic perspectives, and effective on economic growth and productivity. The goals of this research are the study of labor happiness economics and facto MoreThehappiness economic subject, like human capital and environmental economics, is very important from micro and macroeconomic perspectives, and effective on economic growth and productivity. The goals of this research are the study of labor happiness economics and factors affecting happiness economic index. Here the happiness is divided into the goods and intellectual happiness. The goods happiness was studied using literature, economic, and system dynamic model approaches whereas, intellectual happiness was analyzed using data collected by questionnaires. The effect of happiness on economic growth was analyzed, as well. In the system dynamic approach, such variables as pollution and householdexpenditure were usedan different general equilibrium scenarios were considered. The results showed that increase in the happiness caused increase in productivity of labor. Health, job satisfaction and feelings of job security caused positive impact on happiness feeling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - بهره وری نیروی کار و بیکاری طبیعی در اقتصاد ایران؛ یک مطالعه بر پایه منحنی فیلیپس
رضا موسوی محسنی مزدا معطری جلیل خداپرست شیرازی نهال صفوی مقدم چکیده: این مقاله به دنبال یافتن ارتباط بین بهره وری نیروی کار و بیکاری طبیعی در اقتصاد ایران می باشد . در ابتدا به بررسی اجمالی فیلتر کالمن می پردازیم. این فیلتر به علت قابلیت حفظ ساختار اطلاعات مربوط به سری های زمانی، دامنه محدودیت نوسانا More چکیده: این مقاله به دنبال یافتن ارتباط بین بهره وری نیروی کار و بیکاری طبیعی در اقتصاد ایران می باشد . در ابتدا به بررسی اجمالی فیلتر کالمن می پردازیم. این فیلتر به علت قابلیت حفظ ساختار اطلاعات مربوط به سری های زمانی، دامنه محدودیت نوسانات (انحراف معیار) سری واقعی ، حول مقادیر روند بلندمدت آن و نیز امکان پیش بینی های آتی روند بلندمدت سری زمانی ، بسیار مفید می باشد . سپس از طریق به کارگیری این فیلتر نرخ بیکاری طبیعی و نرخ رشد بهره وری نیروی کار در اقتصاد ایران را محاسبه کرده و به بررسی رابطة بین این دو متغیر طی سال های 1338-1383 پرداخته شده است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از بالا بودن نگران کننده ی نرخ بیکاری طبیعی و همچنین پایین بودن نرخ بهره وری نیروی کار در اقتصاد ایران می باشد. نتیجه دیگری که گرفته می شود، وجود یک رابطه معکوس بین این دو متغیر در اقتصاد ایران است. به عبارت دیگر جهت کاهش بیکاری در اقتصاد ایران باید بهبود بهره وری ، به عنوان اصلی ترین سیاست اقتصادی ، مدنظر قرار گیرد. جهت محاسبه توام ضرایب منحنی فیلیپس و بیکاری طبیعی به عنوان متغیر غیر قابل مشاهده ی ضمن تلفیق فیلتر کالمن به الگوریتم ژنتیک ، ساختار جدیدی برای محاسبات توأم مزبور ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Effective factors of unemployment of humanities graduatesyoung of Azad universities in the west of Mazandaran province.
flora radakbari Manouchehr Pahlavan Ali Asghar Abbasi EsfajirThe employment and unemployment of university graduates has been one ofthe most important issues in recent years. In this article, the workforce is the main capital of a country and the proper use of this human capital in a coherent system is required. The research me MoreThe employment and unemployment of university graduates has been one ofthe most important issues in recent years. In this article, the workforce is the main capital of a country and the proper use of this human capital in a coherent system is required. The research method of the research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study includes all undergraduate, graduate and doctoral graduates of humanities who graduated from Islamic Azad universities in the west of Mazandaran province in 2010-2020. Factors were identified in each of the items. The size of the study population was 22,234 graduates, of which 10,121 were boys and 12,113 were girls. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. The result of the formula was equal to 300 people, so we determined the sample size to be300 people. In the present study, the sampling method was two-stage cluster and randomly method. In order to collection statistics and information in the second chapter (literature and theoretical foundations), articles and books, Internet, were used. To obtain information for statistical analysis and measurement of research hypotheses, a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire with 75 questions to examine social, economic, personally, government policies were designed .to measure the components 13 general questions for descriptive statistics and 62 inferential statistics questions for data collection, which were considered for the specific factor of 14 items economic factor 3 items, educational agent 5 items, individual agent 8 items, government policy agent 5 items. .The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved by the professors and faculty members of the Department of Social Sciences and Sociology. Manuscript profile
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