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Open Access Article
1 - Zoning of Earthquake Risk Zones in Kermanshah County Using FAHP Model
maryam bayatikhatibi Yosef AmiriyanEarthquake is one of the natural disasters on earth that causes a lot of economic and human losses every year. Although this natural hazard cannot be predicted with current science, use of technology and technological progress, makes it possible to plan properly to redu MoreEarthquake is one of the natural disasters on earth that causes a lot of economic and human losses every year. Although this natural hazard cannot be predicted with current science, use of technology and technological progress, makes it possible to plan properly to reduce damages. These measures are the result of recognizing and examining the potential areas of the earth where there is a possibility of earthquake risk, and by taking advantage of it and analyzing them, the necessary preparation for earthquake prevention or control can be obtained. In this purpose, the geographic information system plays a significant role in the integration of related maps. In this research, the impact of various factors on the occurrence of earthquakes and the zoning of earthquake risk in Kermanshah county has been investigated. In order to achieve this, the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to obtain the weight of each of the studied criteria and the degree of their impact, and by obtaining the small values of the weight of each criterion, a fuzzy weight map of the criteria was prepared and finally a risk map. The acceptability of different areas of Kermanshah county has been obtained. The results show that 15.6% of Kermanshah county is at risk of earthquake with "high" degree and 16.7% with "very high" degree. Also, 18.2 percent of the villages in Kermanshah county are at risk of earthquake with "very high" degree and 17.7 percent with "high" degree, and in the urban area of Kermanshah, the risk of earthquake with "very high" degree is equal to 6.3%. And it covers 18.1% of the area of Kermanshah city with "high" grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Locating Areas Prone to Ecotourism in Fars Province Using Geographic Information System (Case Study: Arsanjan City)
Saeed Mohtashamnia Hossein gharehdaghiIntroduction: One of the most important forms of the tourism industry is natural tourism. Fars province has always been the focus of domestic and foreign tourists due to its high tourism potential. Arsanjan with its natural and historical tourism aspects, is the aim of MoreIntroduction: One of the most important forms of the tourism industry is natural tourism. Fars province has always been the focus of domestic and foreign tourists due to its high tourism potential. Arsanjan with its natural and historical tourism aspects, is the aim of the current research to determine the suitable areas for tourism activities by integrating the Makhdoom ecological model(2006) and GIS. Materials and Methods: Arsanjan is located in the northeast of Fars province with an area of 1439 ha and the present research is based on the ecological model of ecotourism development proposed by Makhdoom in the form of evaluation of ecological power, it includes three parts: identification of ecological resources, analysis and summarization of resources, and finally evaluation of ecological power was done using GIS. Results and Discussion: The results h showed according to the variables in the Makhdoom model and applying the required changes, slope, density and vegetation percentage were the most factors affected classifying of Arsanjan county into three susceptible classes(first class), semi-susceptible(second class) and unsuitable class. Conclusion: So, according to the location of the county on the communication road to the east of the country and the proximity to the Shiraz-Tehran highway and to historical monuments such as Passargad, Nagsh-e- Rostam and the Persepolise, along with scattered historical monuments in the county, it is recommended to use proper management and the establishment of welfare centers in the natural resources area and supporting the private sector in developing ecotourism residences and sport tourism in Tashk wetland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of water resources threats in GIS with passive defense approach
مرضیه عبدالهی Zahra AziziWater shortage is one of the most important and fundamental crises in the country, which in addition to environmental problems, has also occurred in the social and security fields. Investigating the water crisis in different areas is necessary to predict the defensive m MoreWater shortage is one of the most important and fundamental crises in the country, which in addition to environmental problems, has also occurred in the social and security fields. Investigating the water crisis in different areas is necessary to predict the defensive measures needed in management and to prevent social consequences. The present study was conducted using GIS and participatory analysis of factors affecting the creation and intensification of water crisis in Boenzahra city. For this purpose, first information layers including drought, soil categories, rate of evapotranspiration, average annual rainfall, surface geological outcrops, distance from permanent rivers, discharge rate or discharge of deep wells The user was prepared and standardized using a triangular fuzzy function, and the final layer of water crisis areas was generated using a linear weighted integration function. The results showed that the three main components of water discharge through deep wells, evapotranspiration and population density in the city are the most important factors involved in creating and exacerbating the water shortage crisis. Also, three water crisis floors were identified in the city, the middle risk class including the northern parts of Boenzahra city (area of 1016 square kilometers and about 34% of the total area of the city), the second floor or critical areas of water resources Which covers most of the eastern and central areas of Boenzahra city (39% of the city area, which is equal to 1155 square kilometers) and the third floor or areas in crisis (its area is about 830 square kilometers and 27% of the city area). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - مکانیابی مناطق مستعد توسعه طبیعتگردی منطقه حفاظت شده سهند با استفاده از تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی
ساناهین تاروردیانس امید رفیعیان -
Open Access Article
5 - تهیه نقشه پارامترهای خاک در مطالعات علوم محیطی بر اساس اصول ژئوپدولوژی با کاربرد سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی
ناصر احمدی ثانی ساسان باباییکفاکی -
Open Access Article
6 - طبقهبندی شایستگی مراتع جهت چرای گوسفند در مراتع منطقه نیمه استپی ترناس
اسحاق امیدوار سعید محتشم نیا -
Open Access Article
7 - Determination of susceptible areas for field hospitals using a fuzzy AHP model in GIS environment with passive defense approach
hassan atashgahi Esmaeel YazdaniOne of the important issues of defense against air and ground attacks is to protect the lives of troops and reduce casualties, have proper medical facilities and adequate hospitals in places where inappropriate defense principles and location considerations are taken in MoreOne of the important issues of defense against air and ground attacks is to protect the lives of troops and reduce casualties, have proper medical facilities and adequate hospitals in places where inappropriate defense principles and location considerations are taken into considerationThe present study was conducted as a descriptive-analytic barometric applied research and used by military experts to optimize the location of hospitals by using one of the multi-criteria decision making methods (FUZZYAHP) in the GIS. The end of the research indicated that susceptible places for the establishment of field hospitals in the Nasrabad area were identified. In this research, criteria such as elevation, gradient, access to roads, land cover, distance from the position of forces and artillery enemy style, visibility, access to suitable helicopter landing sites and distance from the waterways are considered. Then the weighting criteria were performed based on the experts'' opinions and the zoning plan of the appropriate places for the construction of the hospital was prepared.The results of the locating show that about 95 hectares of land in the region, which accounts for approximately 5percent of the total area, is the most suitable area for the deployment of these units according to the criteria considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Landslide feasibility of using GIS in watershed Gelalrood
فتح الله نادریOne of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. Contain of the Gelalrood watershed of Ilam was reas MoreOne of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. Contain of the Gelalrood watershed of Ilam was reason have conditions climatically and Litho logy. Pro identifying locations landslide prone, first, known effective parameters in occurs that phenomena include soil and rock mettle, geology structure, hillside form, land use, relative elevation and groundwater. Then, for preparation information layers and evolution each parameters and composition there and upshot prepare landslide mapping utilize in geography information system. Using for weigh at yardsticks pro mountainous region in Anbalagan method. Yardstick weigh exist ingredient for every layer according to maximum role be which inner that layer and at landslide effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Ecological capability assessment to determine areas suitable for development in the range of the Rayen, the city of Kerman, based on ecotourism zoning by GIS and AHP
Farideh Asadian Majid Asadi Marjan Javadian NaminiEco-tourism (ecological tourism) is naturally close relationship with the environment, Theenvironmental assessment be done properly if it leads to the development of rural areas of thecity. Environmental protection strategy, especially in less developed regions where th MoreEco-tourism (ecological tourism) is naturally close relationship with the environment, Theenvironmental assessment be done properly if it leads to the development of rural areas of thecity. Environmental protection strategy, especially in less developed regions where thedevelopment could be based on tourism, is more important. Rhine historical and tourist city inKerman Province in the mountain range that has thousands of good weather and the potentialfor eco-tourism (ecological tourism), which is examined in this study. Applied research anddevelopment research method is descriptive. The main objective of this study was to evaluatethe ecological zoning for the development of ecotourism based on GIS and AHP inidentifying the rural town of Rhine is examined. After weighting variables AHP hierarchywere using GIS to overlay zoning, resulting in the development of eco-tourism for the regionRhine in three separate classification was developed 3/27% Rayen area on the first floorprioritized for development User tourist 7/6% second priority area, which if necessary can beused to develop tourism. Also, 66% of the Rayen area of tourism, ecological tourism in thearea is poor management and political strategies that contribute to the development of theRayen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Survey of finding locations for fire fighting stations in semnan by utillzation geography information system
yousef Ali ZiariFire fighting stations and their locations in helping and rescuing people areconsidered to be very important in cities. fire fighters can have an important role inproviding comfort and security for their citizens and economy of the cities.So, giving proper and on time S MoreFire fighting stations and their locations in helping and rescuing people areconsidered to be very important in cities. fire fighters can have an important role inproviding comfort and security for their citizens and economy of the cities.So, giving proper and on time Services via fire fighting stations requires them to bestationed at good locations.The main purpose of establishing fire fightings stations isto provide part of the security in cities for the purposes mentioned above. For reachingthis goal, unified systematic view function in cities ingredient in micro level anddirection cities structure in the macro level is importan whieh is achieved more eventin geographical information system .In this reserch,the main goal is to find the bestlocation for fire fighting in semnan, or to transfare some of the stations from theirpresent locations if neccessary.In this research,attempts have beenmade to find themost appropriate places for the fire fighters to be stationed at new places. Therefore,inorder to find scientific and exact places a combination of geographical informationsystem GIS and AHP has been used .After priamcary studies and gathering useful datafor setslaction in the fire fighting .The effective criteria were dividied in to six groupsand , then by means of analytical hierarchy process the weight of each criteria wasdetermind and finally was mixed by means of index overlay .The results with highflexibility were offered in six forms. After putting together the plans obtained,firstproper initial restrictions were proposed. Then the exact position of each proposedstation within this boundary was determind in a way that they are able to cover themaximum area and give services. At the end, a part from the existing stations twomore were added and five new stations were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Optimal spatial management using of fuzzy membership and overlaying functions and AHP model in GIS environment to clinics and hospitals site selection in Bandar Abbas
Jafari Fatemeh Ali Akbar Jamali Seyed Ali AlmodaresiIntrudoction and aim: In most cities, the lack of appropriate space allocation and optimal allocation of city services, especially clinics (hospitals) and the number of factors affecting the positioning of these centers, increasing urban problems and citizens to follow. MoreIntrudoction and aim: In most cities, the lack of appropriate space allocation and optimal allocation of city services, especially clinics (hospitals) and the number of factors affecting the positioning of these centers, increasing urban problems and citizens to follow. Therefore, this necessitates the use of effective methods and computer systems to optimize the positioning of these centers is increasingly apparent. The aim of this research is using fuzzy techniques and a comparison of the GIS to locate hospitals of Bandar Abbas has been optimized. Research Methodology: Using GIS capabilities and data analysis using Fuzzy Model for Optimal Positioning urban spaces to build hospitals in the city. Next the fuzzy membership small, large factors was performed. To weight the criteria are fuzzy, AHP method was performed. 30 questionnaires completed by architect experts and the weight of each of the layers was calculated. Finally, the overlaying layers to the overlap of fuzzy gamma 0.9, was used to analyze it. Results: Optimal sites to build new hospitals were identified on the map. By analyzing the decision and taking into account other aspects of a place in the semi-structural issues of the proposed locations was selected five place. Conclusion: It was found that the land use is suitable for construction of new hospitals. The land in areas with high population density and close to population centers, green spaces and main streets and away from existing health centers Vaqand the multi-criteria fuzzy technology is a powerful tool for urban management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Presenting an optimum model to locate urban greenbelt using geographical information system (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Processing (AHP) model
Saeed Maleki Ali Shojaeean Abdolrahman NozariIntroduction and Objective: Regarding scant capitation and inappropriate distribution of greenbelt in Shooshtar, using a descriptive-analytical method, the focus of the present study is applied issues. Applying the geographical information system (GIS) and Analytical Hi MoreIntroduction and Objective: Regarding scant capitation and inappropriate distribution of greenbelt in Shooshtar, using a descriptive-analytical method, the focus of the present study is applied issues. Applying the geographical information system (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Processing (AHP), this study tries to present an appropriate model for optimum distribution of greenbelt based on location criteria and population needs. Methods: To carry out this, the spatial data gathered for each criterion were turned into convertible format for GIS to apply the model and conduct the spatial analyses through forming the database and new information layers. Finally, for modeling each of the criteria based on their importance in locating greenbelt, each information layer was given an appropriate differentia in Expert Choice Software. Results: The results of the synthesis of weighed layers prioritized the lands of the studied area to develop greenbelt based on the importance of each layer in locating the greenbelt. Conclusions: Then, these lands were compared with the control map and it was found that the rich and good lands were located near the residential areas, cultural, religious, and educational centers. These lands were far from the operations of available parks. In addition, those lands having good or average quality were located on the way to contact networks, near the administrative centers and the river. These lands are also away from the available parks. Since these lands are state possessions, it is not difficult to change their usages. Another type of lands suitable for greenbelt use is those of low degree of appropriateness. However, these lands are not suggested for greenbelt due to their long distance from residential areas, being located in bumpy areas in the suburbs of the city and their private possessions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Potential assessment of suitable lands for walnut cultivation in Tehran province using fuzzy AHP method
Masoud Soleimani Saeid Hamzeh Ramin PapiAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return MoreAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return. Walnut trees are highly sensitive to the climate conditions. Therefore, before Cultivation of this product, which requires a relatively high initial investment, it is necessary to take certain measures to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut trees. Therefore, this study aims to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut in the entire of Tehran province that would result in a desirable production efficiency. For this purpose, this study uses climatic parameters (including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) from 12 synoptic stations within Tehran Province and 8 stations from adjacent provinces for an 11-year statistical period (from 2004 to 2014), topography, and land use for site selection and zoning of suitable regions for cultivation of Persian walnut. First, raster data layers were generated using all the parameters under study. Then, through a review of literature and expert views on physiological properties and growth requirements of walnut, the desirable and undesirable thresholds for its cultivation were determined. Next, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to calculate the effectiveness and priority of each parameter. Furthermore, a fuzzy membership function was used to normalize the data layers. Finally, the final zoning map was prepared and extracted using fuzzy overlay tools in ArcGIS. According to this map, an area of 243882.9562 hectares, equal to 17.82% of the entire area of Tehran Province proved very suitable for cultivation of Persian walnut. Moreover, the findings indicate that the three parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and aspect have a special significance and effect on the growth of walnut trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessing the stability of maximum entropy prediction for rill erosion modelling
maryam pournader sadat feiznia hasan ahmadi haji karimi hamidreza peirovanSoil erosion management requires providing appropriate solutions that can be achieved with knowing soil erosion situation. The aim of this study, modeling rill erosion potentially by using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and investigation of its robustness to knowing about ril MoreSoil erosion management requires providing appropriate solutions that can be achieved with knowing soil erosion situation. The aim of this study, modeling rill erosion potentially by using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and investigation of its robustness to knowing about rill erosion susceptibility in the Golgol watershed, Ilam province. To this purpose, different geo-environmental factors were selected to be employed in the modeling process. In addition, 157 rill erosion events were recorded by a global positioning system (GPS). These events were then classified into two classes of training and validation with a ratio of 70:30. To evaluate model robustness, these classifications were repeated three times, and therefore, three sample datasets (D1, D2, and D3), were prepared. The area under receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve was used for evaluating the performance of the model. Regarding the robustness results, all of the datasets obtained good AUC values and all of them were robust for both the goodness-of-fit (RAUC =1.3) and prediction performance (RAUC =3.1). In other words, the results demonstrated that the model remained quite stable when the calibration and validation data were changed. In addition, we found that the MaxEnt model is capable to produce rill erosion susceptibility map. Furthermore, based on the sensitivity analysis, it found that the most important components in rill erosion susceptibility modeling are lithology and distance from stream. The adopted methodology can be useful as an efficient approach for land use planning and erosion risk management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Location of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Case Study: Hidaj City (Zanjan Province) Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Location of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Case Study: Hidaj City (Zanjan Province) Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Location of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Case Study: Hidaj City (Zanjan Province)
Younes Khosravi Abdolhossein Parizanganeh Mi Ali Asgha Mokhtari Khadije SalehiBackground and Objective: The high rapid urbanization, unappropriated patterns of consumption, changes in living standards and diversity of productions are the main factors of increasing of waste generation and changes in the composition of wastes that cause many proble MoreBackground and Objective: The high rapid urbanization, unappropriated patterns of consumption, changes in living standards and diversity of productions are the main factors of increasing of waste generation and changes in the composition of wastes that cause many problems in the environment. Accordingly, selecting a suitable site for landfill can prevent their adverse environmental impacts. Materials and Methods: This investigation is an applied research using descriptive-analytical methods and was aimed to determine appropriate location for waste landfilling of Hidaj city in Zanjan province. For this purpose, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used. Accordingly, and given the required parameters for choosing the optimum site that have an important role in site selection, weighting using hierarchical method was performed and thereafter the layers were overlaid and the optimum sites were identified. Results: According to the results, the suitable area for landfill was diagnosed in the eastern part of the Hidaj city. The required area of land for landfill was determined based on the average rate of population growth, density of generated waste, volume of waste mass, and the average per capita of waste generation in the study area. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the selected area likely has high potential for landfilling of municipal solid wastes of Hidaj for the next 20-year period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of Ecological Capability of Ahar, Kalibar and Varzeghan Cities for Urban Development
Nafiseh Rezapoor Andabili mehrdad mirsanjariBackground and Objective: Evaluation of ecological capability is a process which attempts to establish an appropriate and balanced development between human and nature through adjusting their relationship. The aim of this study is to evaluate ecological capability of ur MoreBackground and Objective: Evaluation of ecological capability is a process which attempts to establish an appropriate and balanced development between human and nature through adjusting their relationship. The aim of this study is to evaluate ecological capability of urban development landuse in Ahar, Kalibar and Varzeghan cities. Method: Evaluation process of ecological capability of current study involves three main parts: the ecological capability of the underlying studied area was determined after identification of ecological resources, data analysis and conclusion. Information layers used in this study involved: soil, climate, plant cover and land shape. Findings: Ahar, Kalibar and Varzaghan cities are located in the northwest of East Azarbaijan province with a total of 930214 hectares. The surveys show that about 300,000 are in the first floor, about 293,000 are in the second floor and about 141,000 are in the third category of urban development. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that the integration of information layer using GIS has the high ability to evaluate the urban development landuse. According to the result and findings and the three mentioned cities have good potential for urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Determination of Ecoregions of Iran’s Southern Coasts as a Basis to Determine Coastal-Marine Protected Areas Using GIS System
Bahareh Samadi Kuchaksaraei Seyed Mohammadreza Fatemi Afshin Danehkar Seyed Ali Jozi Ehsan Ramezani FardBackground and Objective: In recent years, there is an increasing attention to homogenous representative areas to develop a network of coastal-marine protected areas. One of the current common systems is an ecoregion approach. The aim of this study was to determine ecor MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, there is an increasing attention to homogenous representative areas to develop a network of coastal-marine protected areas. One of the current common systems is an ecoregion approach. The aim of this study was to determine ecoregions of southern coasts of Iran as a basis and prerequisite to develop coastal-marine protected areas according to global new procedures. Materials and methods: A survey to recognize the ecoregions of southern coastlines of Iran in Persian Gulf, strait of Hormoz and Oman Sea was done according to international valid and common criteria. Criteria used in this study were determined in the field of biogeography according to the related literatures in this field, and three criteria of surface sea temperature, depth and surface currents were set as the base criteria. The maps of determined criteria were overlapped with the help of ArcGIS. After that, identified areas were controlled with country divisions, and then final boundaries and limitations of southern coast’s ecoregions were separated. Results: Results showed that, in Iran’s southern coast, five ecoregions can be recognized. Discussion: This classification, which is the first one in Iran, can be a basis and a step to select coastal-marine protected areas and a model for ecological surveys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Ardabil Alluvial Plain Aquifer Vulnerability Zoning Using a Combination of GIS and DRASTIC Method
Hojatollah Mardan Bahman YargholiBackground and Objective: Groundwater resources are the second largest fresh water resources in the world and almost one third of the world population depend on these resources. These resources that are accessible through wells, canals and springs are utilized for diffe MoreBackground and Objective: Groundwater resources are the second largest fresh water resources in the world and almost one third of the world population depend on these resources. These resources that are accessible through wells, canals and springs are utilized for different uses and in return they receive ample amount of domestic, industrial and agricultural waste waters. Assessment of aquifer vulnerability is very useful in land uses management and development, groundwater quality monitoring and prevention of water resources pollution. Method: In current study, DRASTIC model in conjunction with GIS is used for zoning Ardabil plain vulnerability and aquifer quality data processing and analysis is performed accordingly by these tools. It also uses the measurement results of nitrate in groundwater, DRASTIC model is calibrated to the Ardabil plain. Findings: The results of the drastic model show that the vulnerability of the Ardabil plain aquifer is more in the moderate vulnerability group. According to the findings of this study, moderate vulnerability is 39.3%, low vulnerability is 32.4% and high vulnerability is 21.1%, very low vulnerability is 6% and very high vulnerability is 1.1%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The level of contaminations of Ardabil aquifer was observed to be high and the result of this research revealed that its potential to be polluted is high. Therefore, given the importance of the groundwater resources in the region, it is necessary to establish a management plan to optimize the usage of this valuable resource. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Determination of the Most Appropriate Recommended Route Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Forest Road Network Evaluation Criteria in Geographical Information System (GIS)
Aidin Parsakhoo Mehrsa YazdaniBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount MoreBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount of passage from land classes, openness percentage and surface distribution and modified tone-kilometer.Method: The map of land suitability for passage was produced. Then, two variants were designed on this map using PEGGER and the amount of passage from land classes was estimated. Openness percentage and dead zones was determined by the calculating road density and skidding line and creating buffer. In Surface distribution algorithm, the distance from geometrical center of compartments to roads was measured. Tone-kilometer of variants was calculated according to skidding correction factor and conversion coefficient of volume to weight. The best variant was chosen based on AHP. Findings: Results showed that existing road has passed from more suitability land as compared to other variants. Mean distance from geometric centers of compartment to first, second and existing variants were respectively 476.9, 480.3 and 428.8 m which indicates that existing road has better distribution. Maximum was recorded for first variant with amount of 82.3%. In tone-kilometer algorithm, each kilometer of existing road should bear 149.96 tones for extraction of woods from compartment. Existing road was better than two variants in terms of passage from suitability land, dead zone, surface distribution and ton-kilometer; so that after calculating the final weight it was determined that existing road is the best.Discussion and Conclusion: Besides considering all the criteria in evaluation of forest road network leads to more accurate understanding of the performance of each variant and choice the best one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Ecological Capability for Forest Development Using AHP (Arangeh Watershed, Alborz Town (
Shadi Sharifian mohammad rezvani faeahnaz rashidiBackground and Objective: Due to the natural forests degradation rate, increasing human population and increasing need to ecosystem services, forest development and afforestation process will be unavoidable. In this respect, before any implementation of afforestation pr MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the natural forests degradation rate, increasing human population and increasing need to ecosystem services, forest development and afforestation process will be unavoidable. In this respect, before any implementation of afforestation project, site selection of suitable areas and evaluation of ecological potential should be considered. This research has been done with the aim of evaluating the ecological potential of Arangeh watershed located in Alborz province and locating suitable areas for afforestation. Methods: According to the purpose of the study, in order to evaluate the ecological potential, effective environmental criteria including physical factors (physiography, climate and soil) and biological factors (vegetation) were identified. Then, area information was collected, including reports and data, as well as maps were produced. In the next step, by stacking and combining the information layers, homogeneous units were produced. Using Boolean logic, lands with absolute and permanent constraints were removed from the evaluation process and finally 108 unrestricted units were identified for evaluation. Then, the weights of the main indicators were determined using the AHP method (pairwise comparisons) and expert opinions. Qualitative values The main indices were converted to quantitative scale using the bipolar distance method and then the final value of each homogeneous unit was calculated by the SAW method. Results: In this study, land potentials for afforestation in three categories including: excellent (9/5 ha), good (1015/9 ha), and average (578/5 ha) were determined and finally an ecological potential map for the development of forest was produced. Discussion & conclusion: It can be concluded that, in 15% of the area, there is potential for afforestation, that ecological potential has relatively suitable conditions in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - An Assessment of the Groundwater Quality Using the AqQA Model and Determination of the Most Suitable Method for Their Zoning (Case Study: Rafsanjan City, The Province of Kerman)
Ali Neshat razieh gholamrazaiBackground and Objective: Water quality determination is one of the basins management principles and one of the most important environmental and social issues in the world. In this study, in order to evaluate the water quality of Rafsanjan plain.Material and Method MoreBackground and Objective: Water quality determination is one of the basins management principles and one of the most important environmental and social issues in the world. In this study, in order to evaluate the water quality of Rafsanjan plain.Material and Methodology: Water quality data collected by Regional Water Company of Kerman from 33 wells of the region between 2002 and 2016, were analyzed by AqQA software. They were analyzed using Piper, Schoeller, Wilcox, Durov and Stiff graphs.Findings: Then the most appropriate interpolation method for water quality zoning was selected by the Geographic Information System (GIS) among Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) with powers of 1, 2 & 3 and Radial Basis Functions (RBF), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI) and Kriging Method.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of water quality analysis based on Piper diagram showed that the study area has Na-Cl profile that belongs to the saline water group. The interpretation of Durov curve indicated that the amount of water soluble minerals in the water of area was more than 1000 mg/l that indicates there are high level of minerals in the water of area. The results also showed that salinity was very high in the study area due to the dominance of sodium and chloride ions in the water of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Physicochemical Pollution of Water Wells in the Villages around Damavand by Using the Geographic Information System
Mohadeseh Hadadi Maryam Rafati Mojtaba SayyadiBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the best methods to help managers for optimization their decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the pollution and qualitative changes in water well in villages around Damavand city by using GIS. Material and Methodology: Eleven water wells were sampled in the villages of Masha, Chenar Sharghi, Luman, Wadan, Zan, Ayneh Varzan, Jaban, Sarbandan, Aro, Seyedabad, and Islamabad during wet and drought periods. Then, using IDW interpolation methods, the water well information, which is in the form of points, was generalized to the surface and map was prepared. Findings: The results showed that the water in the wells of the studied area is good for drinking and agriculture purposes. According to GIS maps, the most polluted well is located in the village of Vadan, where EC and sodium levels are above the standard level due to the geological structure of the south of the city and the improper water abstraction of this well. In terms of the GWQI index, it was found that the villages of Aynevarzan, Zan and Seyedabad in both periods of study, due to having a quality number of less than 20, are more suitable than other areas for drilling wells in the future. Discussion and Conclusion: Since Damavand has a lot of agricultural and orchards lands that are sprayed periodically and the use of chemical fertilizers are high, it is possible that in the future, the condition of these wells will exceed the standard threshold. However, based on the results of this study at the sampling time, the condition of these wells was suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Presentation of Environmental Risk Assessment Pattern for Gas Pipeline Project by Using of Indexing System and AHP Methods (Case Study: Transportation Pipelines 24 inches, Tasuj-Salmas Project)
Sahar Rezaian Mahdi Irankhahi Seyed Ali JoziGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and MoreGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and benefiting stage. In this study,for purpose of environmental risk assessment for gas transportation pipelines the indexing systemmethod and Analytical Hierarchy Process were combined. Indexing System is a compulsive andapplicable method that was based at the basis of characterizing index effect and ranking. By using thismethod, we can classify, quantify and prefering types of environmental risk in pipelines according tothe determined criteria’s and typical. In the mentioned method, typical of dangers, show the possibilityof danger occurrence and effects of typical show the effect intensity. Final grade for environmentalrisk in this method produce via possibility of danger occurrence multiply with effect intensity.According to that efficiency scale for whole of criteria are not equal in the final level of risk.In addition for the purpose of weighting the criteria’s, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used andfor the purpose of weighting the digital layers of information related to the criteria Ordered WeightAnalysis method was used. For the purpose of examination results of this research, environmental riskassessment of gas transportation pipelines 24 inches for Tasuj-Salmas with approximate length about42 kilometer as a case study was exerted. Via usage of Geographic Information Systems abilities, theidentified risks and risk zonation in the path of pipelines were considered. Results showed that 46% ofgas pipeline path of Tasuj-Salmas, has a high risk level (5467- 6054 grade), 48% of it, has a mediumrisk level (6055- 6641 grade), 2% of it, has a low level of risk (6642-7228 grade) and 4% of it, has alittle risk (7228< grade). Adjacency of southern zone of pipelines path with Orumieh lake nationalpark, is an important ecological sensitivity that is under investigation. 15 kilometer of pipeline path(kilometer 18+220 to 33+220) is aligned with 5 kilometer of biosphere reserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Applying ANN and GIS for estimation of effective parameters in determination of plant pattern (Case Study: Nahavand City)
Hossein Banejad Hamid Mohebzadeh Ehsan OlyaieAbstractOne of the most important issues in irrigated agriculture is determination of optimum plant pattern.Therefore, estimation of effective parameters in quality and quantity of available water is significantand is one of the most important components in adoption of MoreAbstractOne of the most important issues in irrigated agriculture is determination of optimum plant pattern.Therefore, estimation of effective parameters in quality and quantity of available water is significantand is one of the most important components in adoption of management decisions in development ofsustainable agriculture. In this study, Artificial Neural Networks technique has been used forestimation of piezometer wells water level and also effective factors for water quality used inagriculture (EC, SAR). For this purpose, monthly recorded data for piezometer wells water levelduring a seven year and data related with water quality during a four years period in Nahavand plainwere used. Also, a groundwater level in Nahavand in year of 1385-86 was drawn. Efficiency of modelwas evaluated by statistical criteria including coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error(RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The derived results showed that R2 value for estimation ofpiezometer wells water level is 0.98 and for SAR and EC is 0.991 and 0.990 respectively. The aboveresults indicated the appropriate ability of Artificial Neural Networks as superior technique forsimulation of effective quality and quantity parameters in determination of plant pattern. Also theresults from spatial drowning of groundwater level by Geographic Information System indicated theshortage of water resource in this region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - 5
جعفر نوری سید علی جوزی -
Open Access Article
26 - 6
پژمان رودگرمی نعمت الله خراسانی سیدمسعود منوری جعفر نوری -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of Environmental Capability of Varjin Protected area for Implementation of Tourism by Using Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation Method (SMCEM)
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar Rezaian Kaveh AghamiriVarjin Protected area is an estimated 26907 hectares of mountainous terrain located in Lavasanat and Roodbar Ghasran, districts in the Northeast of Tehran. Owing to its spectacular nature and its proximity to Tehran, Varjin protected area is considered to be an area wit MoreVarjin Protected area is an estimated 26907 hectares of mountainous terrain located in Lavasanat and Roodbar Ghasran, districts in the Northeast of Tehran. Owing to its spectacular nature and its proximity to Tehran, Varjin protected area is considered to be an area with rich potentials for implementation of Tourism. The present study was an attempt to carefully examine the environmental capability of the area to further its extensive and centralized applicability. To do so, after detecting the ecological resources of the protected area (scale 1/100000) the obtained data was introduced to Arc GIS 9.2 software. Since implementation and applicability of outdoor recreation necessitated synchronized evaluation of numerous criteria or variables, the study utilized spatial multi criteria evaluation method (SMCEM). And therefore, the initial attempts focused on preparation and standardization of the criteria maps. Fuzzy expert system and s-shaped functions were used for the purpose of the study. Overall, data were obtained through sixteen layers as criteria maps for extensive outdoor recreation capability evaluation and seventeen layers for spatial evaluation of centralized outdoor recreation. Using Expert Choice software, analytical hierarchy process was conducted to load the criteria in relation to the type of applications. Then, the mathematical relationship of the extensive and centralized outdoor recreation was extracted. To analyze land proportion for the development of the expected applications, combined loaded linear method was utilized and the final map of extensive versus centralized applications were represented on the criteria maps data. The results show that nearly 4641.46 hectares (approximately %17.25) of Varjin protected area has suitable extensive outdoor recreation implementation, while nearly 1915.78 hectares (approximately %7.12) has the ideal conditions for centralized outdoor recreation development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Comparison Ability Between FAO and Iran Ecological Models to Estimate of Capability Ecological land for Using Pasture
Zeinab Radan Mahmood Shariat Amad Landi Nematolah Jafarzade Nooshin Sanjarani poorBackground and Objective: Ecological capability evaluation is for identity to ability potential land for executable usage and expected. Method: Meydavood region is located in Baghmalek town in Khuzestan province and include various features such as: mountain, plai MoreBackground and Objective: Ecological capability evaluation is for identity to ability potential land for executable usage and expected. Method: Meydavood region is located in Baghmalek town in Khuzestan province and include various features such as: mountain, plains, low land, forest land and pastures. The most part of the study area is belong to pastures, and the researching has been trying to potential capability land for using of pasture with using of two models FAO and makhdoom with helping GIS application. Finally potential pastures unit has been recognized based on pastures ecological model in Iran and using searching language in geographical information. Findings: Based on FAO model 5 unit has been recognized suitable for pasture from 8 unit land, and remainder is unsuitable. Based on Makhdoom model 238 unit has been located in third floor and 71 unit has been located in fourth floor of pasture. Discussion and Counclusion: comparison between 2 models has been shown that environmental units are more in number and lower in area than FAO model; In the other hand FAO model with present using has been shown high proportion. With due attention to shortage of suitable pasture land in Iran, Makhdoom model is not suitable with performance and management plans of country in Meydavood and FAO model is preference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A new model for evaluation of Iran’s ecological capabilities to establish service and civil development application (case study: district 22 of Tehran
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianAbstract Ecological capability evaluation is to realize the potentialities of a land in the form of expected and achievable applications. This study is aimed to design a new model for service and civil development application to be employed in the evaluation of the coun MoreAbstract Ecological capability evaluation is to realize the potentialities of a land in the form of expected and achievable applications. This study is aimed to design a new model for service and civil development application to be employed in the evaluation of the country’s ecological capability studies. To this end, first the frequency of sustainable and unsustainable ecological factors inIranwas identified. Then, theDelphimethod which is a branch of phase theory methods was used. Prioritization of effective ecological factors and assessment of the frequency value of each factor were made by completing 750 questionnaires for desired branches (Delphigroup). The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0. After being designed, the model was introduced to the geographical information system using Arc info program. The model’s sensitivity analysis test was done with the purpose of determining the extent to which favorable responses are affected by certain changes in the target function through Simplex method using lingo software. This model is used in the evaluation of ecological capability at the time of analyzing the ecological resources of the field under examination and after preparing the map of environmental units. In fact, environmental units map is considered as the fundamental map in ecological capability evaluation studies. To asses the capabilities of the new method, ecological capability of District 22 in the city ofTehranwas evaluated as a case study and the service and civil development application map was prepared using Arc view GIS 3.2a program. The results of the study show that the points given to environmental units vary from zero to sixty-five. Such restricting factors as the existence of some environmental units along the river bank, fold passages, and hilly areas prevent these units from being allocated to service and civil development applicati Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of the Relationship between Landuse Change and Topographic Parameters in Mashhad in GIS Environment
Mehdi Gholamalifard Iman Fatehi Hamed Bidel Bahareh GhafouriBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their MoreBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their relation with topographic conditions were investigated using the Landsat images of 1987, 2001 and 2014. Method: Landuse map was created using visual interpretation method with six classes including bare lands, dry lands, forest, irrigated farming lands, range lands and urban lands. Finally, the relation of landuse changes with topographic components (elevation, slope, and aspect) was studied. Findings: Results showed that area of urban, forest and bare landuses is increased and area of dry, irrigated farming and range landuses is decreased during the study period. Greatest landuse change was from irrigated farming to dry farming lands, which was about 37702.75 ha. Mashhad urban area has been expanded about 16754 ha in the studied 27-year period, most which happened in locations with 800-1600 m of elevation, 8-12% slope and located in northern and eastern aspects. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used as a useful mean for managing the regions disposed to landuse change and provide the planners with suitable view to manage the landuse and future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Prioritize Depot Wood Locations in Forest Using Hierarchical Analysis
Zahra Azizi Hamdolah SadeghiBackground and Objective: One of the challenges facing the managers and planners of forest selection and prioritization of suitable locations for various uses. The purpose of this study was prioritized the appropriate places in the timber depot of the Lireh Sar basin of MoreBackground and Objective: One of the challenges facing the managers and planners of forest selection and prioritization of suitable locations for various uses. The purpose of this study was prioritized the appropriate places in the timber depot of the Lireh Sar basin of Mazandaran province. Method: For this purpose, the options were chosen with at least the requirements for timber depot. In the second step of the selection criteria were specified for timber landing. These criteria include: slope, stand type and the canopy density. In the third step weighting was performed criteria using the analytic hierarchy process and expert opinion. Finally, the rate of adjustment of regions of interest was prioritized. Results: The study measures the standing volume of forest stands adjacent to the depot highest weights (0/575) have been allocated. Among the 6 choice, choices 3 with a standing volume of 300- 400, crown density slope at the depot 50-25% and 10.5% were identified as the best option to construction landing. Conclusion: The results of the weighting of the criteria showed the volume of the forest stands near the depot is the most important. Harvesting of forest stands with high volume requires the existence of wood depots and warehouses in the closest point to the forest stands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Zoning of the apt area for tourism and ecotourism development in Fars Province
Elham Asrari Masoud MasoudiThis study identifies the apt area for ecotourism development in Fars Province by developed Dr. Majeed Makhdoum model. Every given parameters in the model including slope, herbaceous, petrology, Geology ,conserved areas, continental situation and water are separat MoreThis study identifies the apt area for ecotourism development in Fars Province by developed Dr. Majeed Makhdoum model. Every given parameters in the model including slope, herbaceous, petrology, Geology ,conserved areas, continental situation and water are separately evaluated and digital maps were prepared. Data analysis and evaluation of data were performed by using Geographical Information System. Finally maps of apt area for ecotourism development have been prepared. This maps showed below class. Condensed apt ecotourism zones, extended apt ecotourism zones and other jaunt zones (ancient, historical, national and pilgrimage place) by considering these maps about 1% belongs to condensed ecotourism zones class I and about 5% belong to class II. Other zones in the Province are unsuitable for this usage (more than 90%). 25% proportionate to extended ecotourism zone class I, 67% proportionate to extended ecotourism zone class II and 8% not proportionate for this usage. According to the available information the most and the least visited religious visiting zones are Mamasani and Estahban, respectively. Neyriz has the largest number of primeval visiting zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Determination of Tourism Climate Index of Gian Springhead using GIS
Seyed Milad Jafari Soheil Sobhanardakani Sajad AstaniToday there is competitions between countries for obtain more income from tourism industry. GianSpringhead is the most important and valuable Springhead in Hamedan Province. This regionsurrounded with Northern Zagros Forests belonging to world hot spots in Iran and Anat MoreToday there is competitions between countries for obtain more income from tourism industry. GianSpringhead is the most important and valuable Springhead in Hamedan Province. This regionsurrounded with Northern Zagros Forests belonging to world hot spots in Iran and Anatoly. The aim ofthis study was determination of Tourism Climate Index of Gian Springhead using GIS in 2012.For determination of suitable time for tourist visit the Gian Springhead we use the climatic dataobtaining from the nearest synoptic and climatology stations of study area and prepared the zoningmaps using ArcGIS 10.Results showed that because of TCI have a high value in September and December, therefore thesemonth are suitable situations for tourist visit the Gian Springhead.In addition for achieve to sustainable development in the tourism industry, improve and developmentthe tourism substructure recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی و ارزیابی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهر قائمشهر با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهوارهای
مهدی مدیری -
Open Access Article
35 - مکانیابی صنایع کارخانهای با روش (AHP) و مدل منطق فازی در شهرستان سبزوار
قاسم کیخسروی حسن لشکری مجتبی بقایی مهدی نهالدانی -
Open Access Article
36 - Preparation of distribution maps and biodiversity assessment of weeds in canola agroecosystems using geographic information system (GIS) (Case study of Sorkhankalateh region, Gorgan County)
Razeyeh Shahi Hossein Kazemi Behnam Kamkar Ahmad Nadimi Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Hasan YeganehAwareness of the existence of specific weeds in an area can be better decided and planned about their control methods. Otherwise, applying different control methods will not have the desired effect. In this study, in order to identify and prepare maps of weed distributi MoreAwareness of the existence of specific weeds in an area can be better decided and planned about their control methods. Otherwise, applying different control methods will not have the desired effect. In this study, in order to identify and prepare maps of weed distribution in canola fields of Sorkhankalateh region of Gorgan county, 50 fields were selected and sampled based on W pattern in two stages. Then, using current formulas, frequency, relative frequency, species uniformity and biodiversity indices were calculated. We were recorded the geographical coordinates and altitude of the sampling location by a GPS, Garmin touch model for each field. The obtained information was processed using Arc GIS software (var. 10.3) and the distribution maps of all weeds in canola fields were prepared. The results showed that 41 weed species (20 species in the pre-spraying stage and 21 species in the post-spraying stage) from 14 plant families were present in surveyed fields of Sorkhankalateh region, which Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae were the most important plant family. In the pre-spraying stage, the share of annual, perennial and biennial species was 75, 15 and 10%, and in the post-spraying stage, their share was as 66.66, 23.80 and 9.52, respectively. In terms of growth form, in the pre- and post-spraying stages, 8 and 76.19% species were belonged to dicotyledonous and 20 and 23.80% were as monocotyledonous, respectively. According to the results of biodiversity indices, weeds in the post-spraying stage had more diversity than the pre-spraying stage. Also, the results related to weed distribution maps showed that most of the dominant weeds were distributed in the Eastern and southern parts of the studied region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Potential maps of prone defense centers in western forest of Ilam-Iran by using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
Mohammad Fallah Zazuli Reza Aghataher Mehrdad Zarafshar Mohsen JafariOak forest in west of Iran has been always considered by terrorists. So, site selection with emphasis to passive defense principal is really necessary in this area. This research aimed to site selection of defense installations and determine of suitable areas of its gen MoreOak forest in west of Iran has been always considered by terrorists. So, site selection with emphasis to passive defense principal is really necessary in this area. This research aimed to site selection of defense installations and determine of suitable areas of its generation in the part of thin forests at Ilam province using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Geographic information system (GIS). By using defense expert opinions, and a literature review eight effective intelligence layer in determining the talented defensive centers (lithology, distance from urban, distance from rural, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from drainage and distance from road) were selected and their maps were digitized in ArcGIS®9.3 environment. Prioritizing factors were done using expert opinions in the Expert Choice (EC2000). The results by priority criteria by pairwise comparison method showed that distance from residential areas (urban and rural area), distance from roads and lithology 0.351, 0.222, 0.160, and 0.109 had the highest effects on defense site selection, respectively. In contrast, elevation (0.021) and distance from the river (0.030) had the lowest effects. Finally, the results showed that Cenozoic geology units, distance from city 10000-15000 m, distance from roads >6000 m, slope percentage (10-20%), eastern aspect, elevation (1000-1500 m), distance from river >3000 and distance from roads 3000-5000 m were the most important factors for presentation of potential maps for building of military centers in the western forest area of Ilam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Habitat potential modeling of Astragalus gossypinus using ecological niche factor analysis and logistic regression (Case study: summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour)
Farhad Borna Reza Tamartash Mohammadreza Tatian Vahid GholamiThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this o MoreThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this objective, environmental map variables were prepared with the help of ArcGIS®9.3 techniques in cell size of 10 × 10. Also, 80 site as well as the presence or absence of species was recorded by sampling classified-random. For each sampling site was recorded information about the presence or absence of species and environmental variables, and the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors was determined by using logistic regression and ecological niche factor analysis, and forecast maps the distribution of the Astragalus gossypinus was produced in the study area. According to LR results, Elevation, pH, organic carbon, average temperature of the wet season and average temperature during the dry season were the most important environmental factors influencing the distribution of the species. According to this model, variable aspect, sand Percent, TNV of soil, precipitation in the wet season and average temperature during the coldest season were used as influential environmental variables. Evaluate the correctness statistical models were performed by using the kappa coefficient and ROC area under the curve plots. Value indices, respectively 0.42 and 0.78 for the logistic regression model and 0.84 and 0.92 for the ecological niche factor analysis, which represents that profile model shows higher accuracy than the discrimination group models in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Using a hybrid model of 3D GIS and meta-heuristic methods for optimizing tree shade coverage
Mohsen Ghods Hossein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Alireza GharagozloBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases th MoreBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases the value of houses, and creates a proper visual effect and a sense of well-being and vitality. Although economically, the amount of savings due to shade and cooling of the air for a tree during its lifetime in different climatic regions is different and depends on the type of tree, the amount of shade during the day and in different seasons of the year, but its effect on energy savings and costs are definite. The subject of the present study is strategic planning to increase the shade coverage of trees in urban residential areas. A simple way to create plenty of shade is to plant numerous trees around buildings. However, this method is impractical in many areas that face water shortages due to its high costs. In addition, the presence of additional shadows on the rooftop of the buildings will reduce the ability to be exposed to sunlight and the potential of using solar panels to generate electricity. So the main challenge is using a method that can provide maximum shade coverage on the facade surface and minimum shadow coverage on the rooftop with a few trees in optimal locations. The issue of locating trees with the aim of optimizing shade coverage, i.e. maximizing shade coverage on facades and opening components, and minimizing shadow coverage on the rooftop, is a Non-deterministic Polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem and has no exact solution. Therefore, the 3D Geographic Information System and the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm have been used for this purpose. Previous studies have often examined the effects of tree canopy shade on a single building. But in most cities in Iran, buildings are connected together and form a building block. So, instead of a single building, a building block is examined. In addition, in most previous studies, the effect of shade coverage of a maximum of two trees on the building has been investigated; while in this study, we examine the effect of shade coverage of 15 trees on the building block. None of the studies on optimizing the shade of trees on the facade of the building has used the meta-heuristic optimization methods and its combination with GIS. In this study, a hybrid model of GIS in a three-dimensional environment and ACO is used for maximizing the shade of trees on the facade and opening components of buildings, and minimizing the shade of trees on the rooftop.Materials and Methods Two types of data are required to perform the analysis; The building block properties, for example, dimensions, position, and size of the facade, rooftop, and opening components, and the tree properties (height and position). 3D GIS and ACO algorithms have been used to model tree shade coverage optimization. 3D GIS provides abilities for storing, analyzing, and creating 3D topologies, and ACO is used to summarize real-world conditions in a mathematical problem. GIS and trigonometric rules have been used to store geographical information and spatial topology. After storing the position, composition, and description information of 2D and 3D objects by topological data, Duffie and Beckman relations (2013) is used to extract the position of the shadow. Then, according to Church and Revelle, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is defined. For the following 3 reasons, ACO has been used for three-dimensional optimization; 1) The complex trigonometric rules in calculating the shadow coverage on buildings, 2) There is no deterministic solution for optimization problems because of nonlinear constraints including trigonometric functions, 3) The existence of continuous space around the building block that It is possible to place a tree in any position. The details of the steps are; 1) Define the set of possible locations for the tree based on the height, diameter of the canopy, and around space of the building block, 2) Use a method to place the first tree in all possible places around the building block during hot hours on certain days of the summer and calculate the maximum shade coverage on the building block based on the weight of the building components, 3) Remove the places that may be done in the tree canopy to prevent overlapping of tree canopies, 4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 to place the next trees in the possible places around the building block until the number of trees reaches the desired number of trees to create shade. Considering the infinite possible positions, a simplification step is required to limit the number of available positions. Therefore, the constant space is reduced to possible positions for locating Ni trees with two-meter spacing in the N-S and E-W directions. Further, the possible tree positions in front of the opening components are eliminated to make daylight available, have an outlook from the building, and comment through the doors. The minimum spacing of two meters between the trees and the building is set to prevent unnecessary shading on the rooftop.Results and Discussion MATLAB environment is used to optimize the shade coverage of trees using the ACO algorithm. For this purpose, properties of the buildings block such as length, width, height, are modeled in a struct in MATLAB. This struct has separate matrices for the north, east, south, and west views of the building block. Another matrix is also used to model the rooftop. Each element of the mentioned matrices is equal to 10× 10 cm from the surface of the building block and has a value of zero. To model the dimensions and location of doors and windows in each facade, another struct includes separate matrices for each facade is used. In these matrices, the amount of elements in the location of doors and windows is one. The characteristics of the sun in the study area are used, including azimuth and altitude of the sun on the studied days in 15-minute intervals from 9 to 15 hours. The shadow is created on building components, by placing the tree in any of the possible locations, and movement of the sun. The elements of the matrices equivalent to the shaded building components change from zero to one. The sum of the values of the matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created by the tree on each component of the building. The sum of the point multiplication of the door/window matrix elements in the facade matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created on the doors/windows. The objective function is defined and the ACO algorithm is used to maximize the shadow coverage of trees on the facade, doors/windows, and minimize the shadow coverage on the rooftop. The results of the ACO show that the optimal shade coverage on the buildings block, which creates the most shade on the facade and doors and windows and the least shade on the roof, depends on the number of trees and the position of the doors and windows in buildings block. In general, as the number of trees increases, the amount of shadow created on the building block components increases.Conclusion The results of the ACO showed that for buildings, in the northern hemisphere, the trees in the north of the buildings have no effect on casting shadows on the components of the building. Due to the fact that in arid and tropical regions there are restrictions on planting trees, finding a suitable position for trees plays an important role in optimizing the shade coverage. Due to the high heat transfer through the doors and windows compared to the facade and rooftop, the higher weight is considered for these components in the objective function. Finding the optimal position of the trees depends a lot on the position of the doors and windows in the building to create the most shadow on these components. For a buildings block with the number and dimensions of buildings assumed in the research and according to the dimensions and position of doors and windows, planting a tree in one of the positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 creates the most optimal shade. These positions are 2 meters from south of the buildings and in the middle of two windows. On average, this tree provides 7.48, 9.22, and 0.85% shade respectively on the facade, doors /windows, and rooftop from 9 to 15 o'clock in four days studied. In the case of planting two trees, two positions from positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 still provide the optimal shade. On average, these two trees provide 13.88%, 18.64%, and 1.69% of shade respectively on the whole facade, doors /windows, and rooftop at 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In the case of three trees, positions K8, K18, and K22, in the case of four trees, positions K14, K20, K26, and K32, in the case of five trees, positions K8, K14, K20, K26, and K32 create the optimal shadow. Shading coverage in the case of three trees, is 21.07, 28.54, and 2.54%, respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop, in the case of four trees, is 24.96, 35.36 and 3.39% respectively on the façade, doors/windows, and rooftop and in the case of five trees is 33.26, 44.70 and 3.95% respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. By planting five trees, more than 88% of the south façade and more than 90% of the south façade doors/windows of the building will be covered with shade. However, due to the goal of optimizing the shadow on the building and the greater weight of the doors and windows, the ACO has optimized the position of the trees in such a way that more surfaces of the doors and windows are exposed to the shadows. Due to the fact that in the case of five trees, 90% of the southern facade is in the shade of trees, in the case of six trees, in addition to the southern facade, the eastern and western facades are also considered for planting trees. So that the positions K8, K14, K20, and K30 are chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the south and the position of H2 is chosen in the distance f 2 meters from the west, and the position of H36 is chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the east. On average, these trees provide 33.95%, 42.29%, and 3.64% shade respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Land suitability assessment model for urban development using Multi-Criteria decision-making approach and Geographic Information System (Case study: Bam)
Pooya Farhani Sahar Rezayan Mojgan Zaeimdar Seyed Ali JoziBackground and Objective In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of migration to cities, the physical structure of cities has undergone extensive changes. To implement these changes, regardless of the ecological capacities and requirement MoreBackground and Objective In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of migration to cities, the physical structure of cities has undergone extensive changes. To implement these changes, regardless of the ecological capacities and requirements of sustainable urban development, cities are facing many challenges. One of these challenges is determining the appropriate areas for the physical expansion of the city for the establishment of urban development. One of the most reliable methods to determine the appropriate directions and areas for urban development by considering environmental conditions and characteristics is the land suitability assessment. Such an assessment greatly contributes to sustainable land use and solving environmental problems caused by rapid urban development. Land suitability assessment aims to identify the most appropriate spatial pattern for future land uses considering the ecological potential of the area. Since many criteria need to be considered and analyzed in the selection of appropriate lands for urban development, it is necessary to use the most effective techniques to identify the best locations for future urban expansion. The Geographic Information System is such a technique, having its most useful application in the land suitability assessment method. In setting the importance of the criteria used and computing the weights of factors, GIS tools must be integrated with other methods to improve the results. Given that, the present study attempted to evaluate the land suitability to determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development of Bam city through the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System.Materials and Methods To achieve the objectives of this study, with the help of a group of experts, and an extensive review of the related literature, all the criteria and sub-criteria essential to the establishment of urban development were identified as the first step. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the group of experts and they were asked to express their opinions on the identified criteria and sub-criteria. To determine the required sample size and population, Morgan’s sampling table was employed. Consequently, 9 criteria and 13 sub-criteria were selected for the land suitability assessment in this study. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method and Expert-Choice software were used to compare and weigh the previously determined criteria and sub-criteria. As the next step, all the data layers were standardized by the fuzzy logic method using ArcGIS software. The scale of the maps used in this research is 1:100000 and the resolution of digital layers is 90×90 meters. After assigning calculated weights to each data layer, they were overlaid using the Weighted Linear Combination method and fuzzy sum technique.Results and Discussion The results from MCDM analysis revealed that three sub-criteria namely distance from major faults, distance from drinking water wells, and soil texture had the highest weights among other factors at 0.235, 0.117, and 0.114, respectively. The inconsistency calculated for the pairwise comparison in this study was 0.07, which is below the 0.1 thresholds. Analysis of the final raster suitability map, resulting from overlaying data layers, showed that the highest and the lowest pixel values were 0.481 and 0.07, respectively. To perform a more accurate analysis, the final suitability map was classified into four suitability classes (medium, low, very low, and undevelopable) indicating that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares, categorized as having medium suitability, 34% low equivalent to 268854.3 hectares, 22% very low equivalent to 178695.7 hectares, and 20% undevelopable equivalent to 160762/3 hectares for the establishment of urban development. The medium suitable areas are mainly located in the east, northwest, and to a lesser extent in the center, mostly away from the major fault lines, while the areas of very low suitability and undevelopable are mainly located in the west and south of the area studied. Due to their proximity to protected areas, mountainous, fault lines, and hills, these areas do not demonstrate the appropriate suitability for the establishment of urban development.Conclusion This study was conducted to identify and determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development in Bam city using a combination of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Geographic Information System, and Fuzzy Logic technique. All the criteria and sub-criteria, used to conduct this study, have been determined using a questionnaire and considering the environmental conditions and socio-economic characteristics of the studied area. As a result, 9 criteria including water resources, climate, topography, geology, soil, areas under the Department of Environment Management, roads, population centers, and land use, and 13 sub-criteria including distance from surface and groundwater resources, climate, wind speed, slope, altitude, distance from the main faults, geology, soil texture, distance from protected areas, distance from roads, distance from built-up urban areas and land use were selected for this study. Expert Choice and ArcGIS software were employed for pairwise comparison and standardization and overlaying data layers. It was found that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares can be categorized as medium suitability for the establishment of urban development. Based on the final results, it is concluded that the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System can provide sufficient tools to determine the areas suitable for urban development and present a detailed analysis of these areas according to the characteristics of the area for future planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Land use change detection using post classification comparison LandSat satellite images (Case study: land of Tehran)
Peyman Heydarian Kazem Rangzan Saeid Maleki Ayoub TaghizadehKnowing the ratio of landuse and how this ratio change over the time is a significant factor in landuse planning and management. By knowing how landuses change over time, we can predict future changes and do preventive and appropriate actions. The aim of this study is d MoreKnowing the ratio of landuse and how this ratio change over the time is a significant factor in landuse planning and management. By knowing how landuses change over time, we can predict future changes and do preventive and appropriate actions. The aim of this study is detecting the landuse changes in the Tehran city in period of (1995-2005). Landuse maps for the mentioned years were derived from LandSat imagery and improved using AutoCAD data produced by the National Cartographic Center (NCC) and available maps. For verification produced maps, using the error matrix approach, a Kappa coefficient of 88% was achieved and after classification, change detection was carried out using comparison approach. The results of change detection with a Kappa coefficient of 91% and Cramer’s V of 88% show that the greatest increases were in built up area (4603.68 ha), parks (650.7 ha) and water level (22.32 ha) and in contrast, the greatest decreases were in open land (4561.47 ha) and vegetation cover (715.23 ha). In addition, according to the results the most changes of built up area has been occurring in the west part of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Wind farm site selection based on geospatial multi-criteria and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (Case study: Bushehr province)
Tayebeh Tabatabaei Fazel AmiriThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental MoreThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental (distance from protected areas, landuse, distance from the river), and geological (distance from the earthquake, distance to faults) in a geographic information systems (GIS) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the Bushehr province. According to the role and influence of these criteria, preferences site map is implemented in ArcGIS®10.1 software. Weight of criteria and alternative are determined using AHP in ExpertChoice2000 software. For modeling, spatial analysis and integration layers ArcGIS®10.1 setting was used and the zoning map was obtained at four different classes (very high, high, moderate and low). The results of the site suitability assessment by AHP showed that site NE located at Bushehr province was the most suitable area for locating the wind farm, with covers area of 566218 ha, 24.8% of the total area. Furthermore, the map provides the foundation for decision makers in develop the wind farm location. Finally, the results indicate that GIS as a decision support system, can also prepare the data and the model priorities and expert opinions in relation to various factors in selecting an appropriate location and design is very efficient will help to build power plants. The results indicate that the AHP than other methods of high flexibility in modeling the geospatial data on site selection of wind farm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Assessment of municipal solid waste landfill sites using GIS (Case study: west of Mazandaran province)
Mohadese Yazdani Seyed Masoud Monavari Ghasem Ali Omrani Mahmoud Shariat Seyed Mohsen HosseiniSeveral factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill site MoreSeveral factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill sites in the west area of Mazandaran province, located in north of Iran, and the south coast of the Caspian Sea. In order to carry out this assessment, 3 guidelines such as United States Environmental Protection Agency, management and planning organization of Iran and Iran department of environment are used. After reviewing all the specified criteria in each of the guidelines with Arc GIS software and visit the field, the authenticity of each deposit site of the study area and the entire area also was examined; and eventually the appropriate areas were identified. As a result, all of the 10 landfill sites were unsuitable with the Iran department of the environment, according to the management and planning organization of Iran only Marzan abad site was suitable and according to USEPA criteria Noor, Noshahr and Kelar abad were suitable and other site were unsuitable. In the entire studied area 20%, according to the Iran department of environment, 48.5%, according to the management and planning organization of Iran and 77.9% of the study area according to the guideline of USEPA were suitable for landfill siting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Forage production suitability modeling in Sarab Sefid rangeland of Borujerd by Geographic Information System (GIS)
Ali Ariapour Moslem Hadidi Fazel Amiri Ali Hossein BiranvandForage production suitability is one of the most factors to the sustainable utilization of natural potential by rangeland grazing suitability. To determine this factor in short time, low cost and height accuracy is most challenges of expertise and ranchers. Using a suit MoreForage production suitability is one of the most factors to the sustainable utilization of natural potential by rangeland grazing suitability. To determine this factor in short time, low cost and height accuracy is most challenges of expertise and ranchers. Using a suitable technique for this subject can be sustainable utilization comprising from rangeland ecosystems, according to its degradation and heavy grazing. This research was conducted in Borujerd Sarab Sefid rangeland from 2001 to 2012. Slope, aspect and height maps provided by using satellite imagery, basic information and analog maps and digitized maps such as; topographic and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Also measurement of field conducted by using clipping and weighting method for estimation of forage, four factors method to range condition, trend balance to range condition trend and physiognomy to typing. Forage production, range condition, ranges condition, trend and typing maps integrated with obtaining and digitized field data in ARCGIS®9.3 software. At least to become changed to final forage production, sustainability this maps in software by using unity command. Result show that from 16 types, 4 types were in non sustainable, 8 types in class III, 2 types in class II and 2 types in class I of sustainability. As a final conclusion this research and other research show that uses RS and GIS can useful for sustainable management of rangeland ecosystems with height accuracy and speed and low cost if considered standards and criteria of using GIS and RS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect prediction of rangeland condition changes on runoff by HEC-HMS model in Sarab-Sefid basin of Borujerd
Ali Ariapour Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh Mojtaba Nasaji Naghmeh PirooziAssessment of Watershed management practices is one of the main subjects for future planning of natural resources management and restoration projects. In terms of, there are no tools for assessment of watershed management practices in many basins of the country, and the MoreAssessment of Watershed management practices is one of the main subjects for future planning of natural resources management and restoration projects. In terms of, there are no tools for assessment of watershed management practices in many basins of the country, and then distributed hydrological models can be used this purpose. The purpose of this study was evaluation of cover changes and it effect on runoff in Sarab Sefid basin in Borujerd county-Lorestan Province by HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System). For this purpose, based on the rainfall-runoff observed events, HEC-HMS model was optimized and calibrated. Then, to determination of rangeland condition changes, concentration time was measured after each scenario. Inputs of model were determined by SCS method and simulated runoff for available data from climatology stations. Criteria's such as runoff pick and amount of flow determined for evaluation and measured in two situations of before and after land use. Results show that this model (HEC-HMS) is suitable for predicting and simulating of sun off in basin according to acceptable accuracy. Because of decreasing of Curve Number (CN) cause of plant cover increasing, the best scenarios to decreasing runoff are exclusion, available management of rangelands, conflagration and heavy grazing respectively. Therefore to decreasing of runoff must increase plant cover by any management tools even exclusion which it is the last way. Because of forestalling of natural hazardous and land degradation, orchards, built places beside of river and beside of Borujerd city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation of land use classification algorithms using images fusion techniques (Case study: Beheshtabad Sub-basin)
Arash Fazeli Farsani Reza Ghazavi Mohammad Reza FarzanehIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and i MoreIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and intensify of data. The main aim of this study was investigated of land use classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine Background, Neural Net, and Maximum Likelihood) using a fusion of OLI remote sensing data using Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the results, Gram-Schmidt method had the best punctuality for taking of the firstly data and rebuilding of images. The results showed that Maximum likelihood method increased accuracy of PC_Sharpened and Gram-Schmidt algorithms. A significant accuracy in land use classification was observed via combination techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Determination potential habitats of Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS (Case study: Chatrod region, Kerman)
Amir Saadatfar Iraj Tavassolian Samira Hossein JafariSustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess MoreSustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess ecological resources and finally, make feasibility studies for specific aims applying agricultural and ecological models. The present study aimed to identify effective climatological, topographic, and physical-chemical properties of soil on the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb, and zoning of suitable areas for cropping of these crops by means of Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Chatrod region of Kerman province. In the first step, the ecological requirements of Ferula assafoetida identified for determining scientific resources and thus, classified to provide thematic maps. Thematic maps also prepared and categorized by sampling the soil from the surface area at 14 points. The examined parameters included precipitation, temperature, altitude, sand, silt, clay, lime, pH, electrical conductivity, potassium, saturation, phosphorus, organic matter, and nitrogen. Finally, by integrating and matching the weighted maps in GIS software, the zoning of the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida extracted. The results of the zoning showed that Ferula assafoetida was in four zones (very suitable, suitable, moderate and poor) in terms of land suitability. Approximately 4826 hectares (16.9%) of the Chatrod region had highly suitable for growing the Ferula assafoetida herb. It is because of the specific characteristics of this area, such as low electrical conductivity, low acidity, high organic matter, and the height of 1900 to 2500 meters was. However, approximately 6819.6 hectares (23.8%) of the area of land evaluated as unsuitable zones because of low rainfall, high altitude and organic matter to grow of Ferula assafoetida. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Determination of Population Indices and Distribution Map of Weeds in Rainfed Wheat Fields of Kermanshah Province
Mozhgan Veisi Mahdi Minbashi Peyman Sabeti Abdolreza MohammadiIn order to identify and determine weeds distribution in rainfed wheat fields of Kermanshah province, 58 fields in 7 counties were investgated during 2001 and 2009. After weed survey the charsterictics of weed species were evaluated. Then density, frequency, uniformity, MoreIn order to identify and determine weeds distribution in rainfed wheat fields of Kermanshah province, 58 fields in 7 counties were investgated during 2001 and 2009. After weed survey the charsterictics of weed species were evaluated. Then density, frequency, uniformity, mean density, abundance index, Shannon- Weaver diversity index and Simpson index were determined. In rainfed wheat fields of Kermakshah province 91 weed species were identified out of which 15 species belong to grass weed and 53 species belong to broadleaf weed. Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Rubiaceae were the most important families with, 57, 35.5, 34.6 and 18 percent of FIV, respectively. Based on the result of this study Galium tricornatum, Vicia hyrcanica, Vaccaria pyramidata and Anthemis cotula were the dominant broadleaved weeds. Avena ludoviciana, Hordeum spontaneum and Bromus tectorum were the most important grass weeds. In addition the most important troubeling preharvest weeds were Convolvulus arvensis, Carthamus oxyacanthus and Glycyrrhiza glabra in rainfed wheat fields. Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed the highest species diversity were in Kermanshah with 2.67 and the lowest species diversity in Songhor and Sarpolezohab were with 1.8 and 1.9, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - بررسی آسیب شناسی امنیت شهری بر مبنای ماتریس فرآیند سلسله مراتبی (AHP) در کلان شهر مشهد
ابوالفضل بهنیافر محمدرضا منصوری دانشور -
Open Access Article
50 - Feasibility of implementing the spatial representation of resources using GIS components in general libraries of Guilan province
Mitra Ghiasi Hamidreza Tamadon Seyed Ali Asghar RazaviDue to technological developments, access to remote resources in libraries is a necessity and should be considered as requirements. For public libraries with regard to their mission it is particularly important. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibi MoreDue to technological developments, access to remote resources in libraries is a necessity and should be considered as requirements. For public libraries with regard to their mission it is particularly important. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing spatial representation of resources in Guilan public libraries by GIS. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-survey data collection. All public libraries of Guilan province with 83 items were considered as statistical population. Statistical population included library managers (81 persons) and librarians (67970 persons). The sampling method for the managers and librarians was census and systematic random stratified for members. The sample size for the managers was equal to the statistical population and for members were 382 persons by using the Cochran formula. The research instrument consisted of three types of questionnaires (effectiveness, efficiency and comfort). The validity of the questionnaires was checked by referring to the GIS experts. The reliability of the instruments with using Cronbach's alpha for effectiveness questionnaire was 0.71, Comfort = 0.73 and Efficiency 0.88, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics has been used for data analysis by SPSS software. The results showed that there is no significant difference between present and expected conditions in effectiveness (0.933) and efficiency (0.460) but there is significant difference in the comfort (0.000). Thus, the libraries under study have no problem in terms of effectiveness and technology efficiency, and if the software is properly designed the users could remotely locate the resources of the library. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The efficiency of the geographic information system in preparing the erosion map And provide erosion control methods
Ebrahim Yousefi MobarhanToday soil erosion is considered a danger to human and life. In areas where erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility, so it is necessary to study the issue of erosion. According to a study conducted in the Masouleh watershed, there are t MoreToday soil erosion is considered a danger to human and life. In areas where erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility, so it is necessary to study the issue of erosion. According to a study conducted in the Masouleh watershed, there are two types of erosion intensity called type 3 or moderate erosion with an area of 28.15 km2, type 4 or high erosion with an area of 13.79 km2. The predominant forms of erosion in the region include mechanical, surface erosion, furrows, waterways and deposits. According to this study, the average amount of erosion based on Mpsiac method in this field is 4.81 tons per hectare per year, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) is 74.3 and the average amount of sediment in this field is 3.85 tons per hectare per year. It indicates moderate erosion and sedimentation in the whole area and high in some sub-fields. To control erosion and reduce production sediment in this area, various programs include holding training courses for people in dealing with nature, implementing management programs (including applying grazing systems, balancing livestock and pastures, development and medicinal plants), and conducting biological operations ( It has been suggested for rangelanding in the form of sowing, sowing, mulching and planting in a non-productive way) and mechanical operations (including the construction of mortar stone dams, gabions, dry land, etc.) have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Explaining the Relationship between Thermal Islands and a Number of Morphological Factors of the City Using Remote Sensing and GIS (Case Study: Ahvaz)
Elaheh Azimi Reza Akbari Mohsen ArminIn this research, land use map was prepared by maximum likelihood method in 8 areas of Ahvaz city and altitude and slope maps were prepared. To evaluate the classification accuracy of the land use map, the error of the classified image was compared with a reference imag MoreIn this research, land use map was prepared by maximum likelihood method in 8 areas of Ahvaz city and altitude and slope maps were prepared. To evaluate the classification accuracy of the land use map, the error of the classified image was compared with a reference image containing a number of ground control points. The map of urban thermal islands was prepared using a separate window algorithm on the Landsat 8 satellite data set in the ENVI software environment. The results showed that the prepared land use map has an kappa coefficient of 86% and good accuracy and credit. The relationship between land use and thermal islands, the results indicate that the eight cities of Ahvaz with an average temperature of 43.3 and the fourth region with an average temperature of 32.6 had the highest and lowest temperatures, respectively. By comparing the percentage of land use classes in the eight and four districts of Ahvaz, it can be said that industrial land use will increase the average temperature of urban areas and space land use will reduce the average temperature of urban areas. Areas with a slope of zero to 1.5 percent have an average temperature of 34 degrees and areas with a slope of 10 to 37 percent have an average temperature of 41 degrees Celsius. In urban areas with altitudes below sea level and urban areas with an altitude of 64 to 80 meters above sea level, the average temperature is 34 and 41 degrees Celsius, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - پهنهبندی توانمندیهای استان قزوین بهمنظور کشت انگور
صیاد اصغری سرسکانرود مهدی بلواسی بتول زینالی سعیده صاحبی وایقان -
Open Access Article
54 - ارزیابی و تحلیل پیوستگی چشمانداز، رویکردی نوین در برنامه ریزی محیطی مطالعه موردی: ناحیه کاشان- آران
امیر کرم شیلا حجه فروش نیا حمیدرضا حکیمی -
Open Access Article
55 - مکان یابی مناطق مستعد توسعه گردشگری در شهرستان همدان
گلنار مخفی نسیم رونیاسی سهیل سبحان اردکانی علی اکبر یالپانیان -
Open Access Article
56 - برنامهریزی مکانی و امکانسنجی نواحی مستعد طبیعتگردی با نگرش آمایش سرزمین (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سلیمانتنگه شهرستان ساری)
اسدا... دیوسالار مرتضی شعبانی سید صادق حمیدی -
Open Access Article
57 - ارزیابی و پهنه بندی خطر وقوع زمین لغزش با استفاده از مدل ویکور، در حوضه آبریز حاجیلرچای
سید اسد اله حجازی شهرام روستایی مریم رنجبریان شادبادزمین لغزش ها از جمله مخاطرات طبیعی هستند که همه ساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی زیاد،به ویژه در نواحی کوهستانی می شوند. محدوده مورد مطالعه موسوم به حوضه آبریز حاجیلر چای با وسعتی معادل 94/1158 کیلومتر مربع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، شهرستان ورزقان و بخش های از جلفا و مرند وا Moreزمین لغزش ها از جمله مخاطرات طبیعی هستند که همه ساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی زیاد،به ویژه در نواحی کوهستانی می شوند. محدوده مورد مطالعه موسوم به حوضه آبریز حاجیلر چای با وسعتی معادل 94/1158 کیلومتر مربع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، شهرستان ورزقان و بخش های از جلفا و مرند واقع شده است. این حوضه با مختصات جغرافیایی 38 درجه و 27 دقیقه تا 38 درجه و 52 دقیقه عرض شمالی و 46 درجه و 1 دقیقه تا 46 درجه و 36 دقیقه طول شرقی واقع گردیده است. حوضه آبریز حاجیلرچای با داشتن چهره کوهستانی و با توجه به وضعیت زمین شناسی،لیتولوژی و اقلیمی عمده شرایط لازم جهت شکل گیری حرکات لغزشی را دارد. بنابراین هدف تحقیق حاضر ،پهنه بندی حوضه حاجیلرچای از لحاظ خطر زمین لغزش می باشد. برای بررسی و پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش در این حوضه، ابتدا نقشه ها و لایه های اطلاعاتی عوامل اصلی موثر در رخداد این پدیده از قبیل قبیل شیب، جهت شیب، بارش، لیتولوژی، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از آبراهه و طبقات ارتفاعی در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) تهیه گردید و سپس با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای و عملیات میدانی زمین لغزش های موجود در منطقه شناسایی شد. تحلیل و مدلسازی نهایی ،با استفاده از مدل ویکور به عنوان یکی از روش های تحلیل تصمیم گیری چند معیاره، انجام شد. در نهایت نقشه پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش، در پنج رده با خطر بسیار کم تا بسیار زیاد طبقه بندی گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان دهنده این است که در حدود 22/20 درصد از مساحت حوضه حاجیلرچای، احتمال وقوع زمین لغزش خیلی زیاد بوده، همچنین 38/25 درصد احتمال وقوع زیاد، 67/18 درصد احتمال وقوع متوسط، 25/20 درصد احتمال وقوع کم و در 45/15 درصد احتمال وقوع خیلی کم می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the vulnerability of Khanj plain aquifer - Larestan fissure using drastic model
Abdolrasool GhanbariGroundwater is the second largest source of fresh water in the world. About a third of the world's population depends on this resource. Existence of important sources of diffuse and point pollutants, due to human activities on the ground and the penetration of these pol MoreGroundwater is the second largest source of fresh water in the world. About a third of the world's population depends on this resource. Existence of important sources of diffuse and point pollutants, due to human activities on the ground and the penetration of these pollutants into the aquifer, reduces the quality of groundwater. Vulnerability assessment is a low-cost method in identifying areas prone to pollution that plays a key role in the management of water resources. It is a suitable management tool to prevent groundwater pollution. For this research, the hydrogeological parameters of the drastic model include water depth, net nutrition, aquifer environment, soil environment, topography, effects of unsaturated area and hydraulic conductance, stinging pain. Larestan fissure, located in the south of Fars province, was studied. Arc GIS software was used to prepare vulnerability maps by overlapping hydrogeological layers. According to the findings of this study, the groundwater of the study plain is at high risk of contamination, so that about 62% of the area is in moderate to high vulnerability. These areas are generally located downstream and in the center of the plain. Considering that groundwater is the most important water source in the region, prevention of pollutants entering groundwater by creating quality protection zones around water sources and observing the rules of discharging pollutants to receiving sources, is an effective solution. To maintain the quality of these resources. Important management tools such as vulnerability maps and quality privacy are important for planning for proper deployment of land uses and their management on the aquifer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
Einollah Rouhi Moghaddam حلیمه جلورو هادی معماریانAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitabil MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan, that has been performed using FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability show that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped at S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % at N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
halime joloroo عین اله rouhi moghaddam Hadi memarianAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan that has been performed using the FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors, including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability shows that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped in the S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % of N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Monitoring compatibility with land use planning of industries in Geospatial Information System (Case Stady: Citi of sari)
Reza LahmianPlanning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and def MorePlanning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and deforestation, destruction of natural vegetation and pasture land, water and air pollution caused by industrial activities from the past to the present, the life cycle home common to all living creatures, the earth is in danger. One of the problems is increased abnormalities in industry and industrial activities Due to lack of effective factors in determining industrial capabilities, especially planning and Taking the necessary measures before the activities associated with it is. The present study also aims to plan and finding optimal locations for industrial activities carried out in the city of Sari. For this purpose, the powerful multi-criteria decision system and its integration with GIS is used. First, criteria and data layers with expert guidance as well as investigations were made in the past. The most important factor in environmental decision-making criteria were identified, weighing 0.7. Afterassigning weights to the criteria by AHP and its integration software environment Arc GIS10.3 final map was obtained. At the end of about 169 780 hectares of land, 17% of the entire city was identified with the interpretation fit perfectly Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - بررسی و ارزیابی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهر قائمشهر با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهوارهای
مهدی مدیری -
Open Access Article
63 - مکانیابی صنایع کارخانهای با روش (AHP) و مدل منطق فازی در شهرستان سبزوار
قاسم کیخسروی حسن لشکری مجتبی بقایی مهدی نهالدانی -
Open Access Article
64 - Landfill site selection Using Analytic hierarchical Process and fuzzy method (case study city of Susa)
amir foroghian hossein eslami ehsan derikvandOne of the important environmental problems is finding a place suitable for municipal solid waste disposal (Landfill). Choose the wrong place causing damage to the environment, human health and pollution of surface and groundwater. Several factors affect landfill site s MoreOne of the important environmental problems is finding a place suitable for municipal solid waste disposal (Landfill). Choose the wrong place causing damage to the environment, human health and pollution of surface and groundwater. Several factors affect landfill site selection and there are different ways to this issue. In this paper, GIS and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have been used to identify suitable locations for landfill in the city of Susa. For this purpose, four main factors selected that have a substantial impact on the landfill site selection consisting of technical and operational criteria, ecological and biological, socioeconomic and physical. According to these criteria, 15 information layers prepared. The final score of the parameters were calculated by using the paired comparison. After combining 15 data layer using fuzzy analysis and AHP method and helping ARC GIS software, the final map was prepared for Solid Waste. Based on the results, western parts of the city of Susa were proposed for landfill. Because of the great distance from the city of Susa and lack of proper access road, this section has been ignored as the best place appropriate waste disposal. A closer look at the result, 3 regions, with the suitable level of value, range and access road, were determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Assessment of Ecological Competence of urbun Expansion through ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in GIS (Case Study: Baharestan new town (Esfahan))
Anvar Amanolapour Hossein Nazmfar Atta Ghaffari GilandehThe reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is oblig MoreThe reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is obligatory to utilize nature as it less harms environment and at the same time it benefits human more. Therefore, the main objective of this research, to assess the ecological capacity for surface expansion of town based on principles of reclamation of land, Baharestan new town in Esfahan Province was studied through geographical information system (GIS). At first, the basic studies were done and the theme maps of the area were prepared and then numerated. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was produced in Arc gis 10.2 using topographic map. Then, the ecological resources Urban development map were produced by overlying the maps of elevation, slope, aspect, soil types, soil texture, soil depth, vegetation cover, geology, landuse, climate and distance to fault with ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in Arcgis 10.2. According to the obtained results, the total development zone with an area of 3264/068 hectares located in the south-east and north baharstan which make these areas and the lack of consideration in connection with the provision of suitable land areas that do not improve performance, 2800/717 hectare area around the planned future development of the city is considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The analysis of Ecotourism potential in Boujagh wetland with AHP method
بهمن رمضانی طیبه قائمی رادAnalysis of ecotourism potential can be the first step in identifying the potentials and limitations for the usage of deliberate and regional planning and tourism development of opportunities MoreAnalysis of ecotourism potential can be the first step in identifying the potentials and limitations for the usage of deliberate and regional planning and tourism development of opportunities to create good atmosphere and one of the best ways for preventing the destruction of natural environments and their conservation. Boujagh wetlands which is located in Guilan and in the estuaries of Sefidrud, due to its impressive variety of birds, beautiful landscapes, desirable climate, proximity to population centers and convenient access is hosted too many tourism annually. The research aims to identify opportunities and ecotourism potentials of Boujagh and using AHP for the development of widespread and centralized tourism and helping to preserve the environment. Method is based on hybrid methods, descriptive and analytical –and the AHP model. The results show that according to the criteria's preferences in the development of centralized ecotourism,714 hectares area equal to approximately 21% have desired power, 237 hectares, equivalent to approx. mately 7 percent have average power, and 2329 hectares, equivalent to approximately 67 percent have unfavorable power in order to development of centralized ecotourism. According to the index, the whole area study has extensive usability in order to development of widespread ecotourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The investigation of accuracy and precision of rocks erodibility map in providing erosion types map by GIS
ali mohamadi Torkashvand alireza eslami vahid shadparvarThe possibility using rocks erodibility as a model in providing erosion types map was investigated in downstream of Latian dam. Rocks erodibility layer was crossed by digitized ground truth maps of surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features and the accuracy, err MoreThe possibility using rocks erodibility as a model in providing erosion types map was investigated in downstream of Latian dam. Rocks erodibility layer was crossed by digitized ground truth maps of surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features and the accuracy, error and precision of this layer as a model in estimating each of erosion types was computed. Results showed that the rocks erodibility accuracy in providing surface, rill, gully erosions maps, and erosion features map was 59.1, 59.9, 71.9 and 42.9%, respectively. Rocks erodibility map can be used in providing gully erosion map with an error 28.1% and has a low accuracy in providing surface and rill erosion maps especially erosion features map, therefore, it couldn’t used in preparing erosion types maps as a working units map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of surface, rill and Gully erosions by Geographic Information System (GIS)
Ali Torkashvand MohammadiThe possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of different water erosion types was investigated in the downstream of Latin dam. The real maps of land units in each surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features were provided an MoreThe possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of different water erosion types was investigated in the downstream of Latin dam. The real maps of land units in each surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features were provided and the digitized layers of each along with crossed land units were given, the rate of accuracy, error, and precision of this layer as a model in estimating each of erosion types were computed. Results showed that the accuracy of land units in providing surface, rill, gully maps of erosions, and erosion features is 66.1, 66.6, 82.0 and 53.0 percent respectively. This map has a low accuracy in providing map of erosion features; therefore, it cannot be used in preparing map of erosion types as the map of working units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation and Site Selection of Public Parking's in Yazd City Central Tissue
mohamadhossein saraei rohollah ghanei bafghiIntroduction With rapid urbanization in recent decades and the increased use of motor vehicles, traffic on city streets has become one of the problems of big cities. In this regard, construction of public parking in the vicinity of urban streets in order to avo MoreIntroduction With rapid urbanization in recent decades and the increased use of motor vehicles, traffic on city streets has become one of the problems of big cities. In this regard, construction of public parking in the vicinity of urban streets in order to avoid long and about in parks, along streets, is one of effective measures to reduce traffic. The most appropriate location for parking, where parking is most needed to be .The car park will be resolved as well. The car park will be resolved as well. Within the scope of Yazd is based on studies of traffic and transport, including 12 regional and 140 district is that a large part of the important area of the parking problem in the takes. The context for the study of the central city of Yazd is an area that overlaps with a large range of choice is an area of 765 hectares and a population of about 50,000 people. Research Methodology Type of applied research - development of; and descriptive - analytical. Studies of tissue within the central city of Yazd is, for the purpose of parking places, in addition to documents, studies, data from research that were added to the field. After collecting data - field factors were required to locate. Weight each factor from the hierarchical analysis process and then using the GIS overlay of the weight factors combined together and the final map and location of spots that were identified as suitable. Results Identifying and tracking the factors that affect the location of, the most important steps are studied. The criteria used to locate parking can be expressed as follows: 1) trip for the absorption (K): are the centers where they travel to various reasons so that it will increase traffic on surrounding streets. 2) required parking space (N): a total of 50 public parking Yazd, only 34 parking within the central tissue or in the streets of this border area is located on Park Place in 1550 only provides for the collection of stationary traffic. 3) Access to the main street (R): parking in the nearby streets to encourage more people to use them and are less confused, and accessing them is easier and faster. 4) being ruined or Bayer (M): Given the historical context of the central city of Yazd, the destruction of some of the places is not possible to construct parking places that are selected are dilapidated, and Bayer. Conclusion The results of this study are as follows: 1.locate parking in a number of factors are involved in all aspects of the analysis is not possible with traditional methods. The other hand, neglect of these factors contributed to a significant waste of material resources and the environment and serious injuries to people and urban management will be imposed. Thus the use of information technology, particularly geographic information systems to analyze large volumes of data, is essential. 2. Given the high cost of land in central and commercial area of town is best, parking will be constructed in the class because despite the poor infrastructure, large parking space and also create economic justification of accept. 3.Use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geography information system (GIS) and combined it with logic overlap index (IO) in the optimal location is a high performance site. This allows for comparing and evaluating different locations can be optimized according to specific criteria. It should be added to this landuse. 4. Use of technology to manage a city when it is realized that the spatial and descriptive data with the accuracy needed to be there. So in order to retrieve and access information quickly, forming a centralized database is essential. GIS systems are able to manage large volumes of diverse data, with the lowest possible cost, reliable forecasts of the city managers are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Assessment of physical sensitivity of coastal fringe of Miankale Wetland based on Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
R. Nezakati B. Behrouzirad S. Malmasi F. EsmailiMiankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of MoreMiankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of economic development, especially oil activities in adjacent countries reveals the necessity of management and conservation of these coasts. The aim of this study is management of the coastal area by applying NOAA models and Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI). Physical sensitivity division of coasts has been done based on field surveys and using satellite images and Geographical Information System (GIS). The assessment of physical factors including wave energy, slope and bed substance in the region under study showed that the western parts of Miankale coasts are categorized in the forth class of NOAA classification and the central part of these coasts is regarded in 9B class. Gomishan, Khajeh Nafas, Chalasht and Gorgan Gulf2 are classified as 10D according to NOAA classification. The results of this study indicated that not only physical diversity, including geomorphologic characteristics and the bed substrate of these coasts, is low but also there are sensitive biological resources in the region. For these reasons, if oil pollution occurs, pollutants may remain in coastal areas for a long time. Therefore, more attention should be paid to manage the coastal areas in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Assessment of Ecological Potential of Bolhasan- e- Dezful Area For Tourism by using MCDM
S. A. Jozi N. Moradi Majd H. AbdolahiBolhasan forest region with 5725 hectare area lies in north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests and tourist areas in Dezful. This area of creates appropriate potential to develop tourism. Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the worl MoreBolhasan forest region with 5725 hectare area lies in north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests and tourist areas in Dezful. This area of creates appropriate potential to develop tourism. Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the world. در توسعه سریع صنعت توریسم، سریع ترین رشد در بخش اکوتوریسم بوده که بین 5/2 تا 7 درصد سریع تر از سایر بخش های توریسم توسعه یافته اسThe rapid development of tourism, the fastest growth in the ecotourism sector has been developed between 5.2 to 7 percent faster than other sectors.Tourism as a dynamic industrial development with characteristics expansionist plays important role in the world economy. Growth of this industry in each country requires effective strategy and program management. ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی مناطق در راستای کاربری توریسم به عنوان ابزاری برای حصول به این هدف شناخته شده است.Evaluation of ecological tourism potentials areas in order to register as a tool is known for achieving this goal. In this regard, and given the ecological specificity of Bolhasan area, evaluation of the conditions in the region was fulfilled by weighing the criteria with Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) in the Expert Choice soft ware. In this research, evaluation of the criteria, by AHP, Geographic data systems was followed by display of ecological power status by means of such method and transfer of the inputs on the map. Results of the research indicate that about 18.74% equivalent to 4419 hectares of area have been very desired for tourism, extensive, 21.18% equivalent to 1232 hectares of area with desired and 7.7% equivalent to 84 ha, with possible undesirable and 87.32% equivalent to 1881 hectares of area have be very desired for tourism focus, 6.15% equivalent to 882 ha area with desired and 61.51% equivalent to 2970 hectares with power is undesirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Study of the role of physiographic factors for planting Pisum Sativa in Golestan province
Mahdi Tarashi Ali Rahemi Karizaki Abbas Biabani Mohammad Salahi farahiThe development and preservation of ecological balance will be achieved when used from the land in accordance with its capabilities. Accordingly, identifying the capabilities of the land before loading various activities is very important. Otherwise, many of the investm MoreThe development and preservation of ecological balance will be achieved when used from the land in accordance with its capabilities. Accordingly, identifying the capabilities of the land before loading various activities is very important. Otherwise, many of the investments will be wasted. As a result, assessing the land use potential for planting different crops is the first strategic priority for increasing production and optimizing resource consumption. In order to study the role of physiographic factors in the ecological capability of Golestan province for the planting of peas, geographic information system and weighted linear combination method were used. Agricultural needs and geological variables including soil texture, elevation, slope and aspect are determined from the available scientific resources, grading and required maps were prepared. For data standardization, fuzzy logic was used and we used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to weigh the criteria. Finally, using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method in the TerrSet software environment, a potential mapping plan for peas was prepared. The results of the weighting of the criteria with the AHP method showed that the slope with the maximum of 0.2790 and the elevation had the lowest coefficients of 0.1038. Also, the results showed that a large part of the agricultural lands located in the province center (70.51%) has suitable conditions for the planting of peas and 6.08% of the total area of land is less suitable and 7.2% is half suitable, which includes lands Located in the mountainous and highlands of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigating the possibility of combining GIS with multivariate analysis techniques in separating vegetation society boundaries (Case study: Chah- Abbas Ali watershed basin, Arsanjan –Fars)
S. MohtashamniaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of combining ordination and classification techniques with GIS for separating boundaries of vegetation society. Chah –Abbas Ali watershed basin, near Arsanjan city covers about 1789.7 ha, has been studied MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of combining ordination and classification techniques with GIS for separating boundaries of vegetation society. Chah –Abbas Ali watershed basin, near Arsanjan city covers about 1789.7 ha, has been studied through field sampling of vegetation density, cover and soil profiles. Analysis of the samples has been done by PC-Ord software for ordination and classification and ILWIS software produce RS/GIS maps to estimate the number of soil profiles. Then by using satellite image of basin and field observations, the primary vegetation boundaries were extracted and compared with the results of ordination and classification data.Results showed the basin is consisted of five vegetation society including Acantholimon festucacemum-Amygdalus lycioides, Convolvolus acanthocladus-Artemisia sieberi,Artemisia sieberi – Acantholimon festucacemum,Ebenus stellata-Convolvolus acanthocladus,Amygdalus lycioides – Convolvolus acanthocladus which also overlap with vegetation classification through physiognomy –florestic method and grouping ones through satellite images that can be used in future for grouping vegetation because of considering relief and soil charachteristics along with vegetation parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluation habitant condaition of Amygdalus scoparia in Bolhasan Dezful using multiple criteria decision making method
S.A. Jozi N. Moradi Majd
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