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Open Access Article
1 - Conceptualization of dwarfism; emphasizing the dark side of succession
maryam razmjou jafar beikzadOne of the styles about which the studies done are not rich enough is dwarf breeding. This style is the dark edge of succession; Because in our country, the discussion of surrogacy has always been used, but it has not been continuously developed in our system. One of th MoreOne of the styles about which the studies done are not rich enough is dwarf breeding. This style is the dark edge of succession; Because in our country, the discussion of surrogacy has always been used, but it has not been continuously developed in our system. One of their destructive and dysfunctional aspects is dwarfism. In fact, dwarfism is one of the factors indicating the basic problem in the administrative health of government organizations. On the other hand, despite the existence of various metaphors in the field of organizational pathology, if we consider the emergence of destructive phenomena in organizations, dwarfism can play a destructive role in the organization, which should be fully investigated. Based on this, the present research is important and necessary because of the conceptualization of dwarfism, our ways of thinking, seeing and understanding about the complex phenomenon of dwarfism will change. Also, the conceptualization of dwarfism provides an important capacity to the stakeholders of the organization; A capacity that indicates the ability to use the perception of disease in humans to help understand the organization and develop organizational knowledge in the face of problems, so that based on this, the audience can deepen their knowledge about dwarfism both objectively and subjectively. and give more wealth and also public sector managers get a better understanding of the process of dwarfism that if they see signs of the phenomenon of dwarfism in their organizations, while diagnosing dwarfism, they can prevent, correct and treat it . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of Immigration to Tehran Using Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
Aliollah GhanbariTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, hea MoreTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, health, and disaster preparedness issues. However, the activities have been performed to prevent Tehran population growth, failed to achieve success and in spite of all these activities, the problem of Tehran population and immigration growth still exists.In this paper, causal layered analysis (CLA) as a futures study method is used for splitting and analyzing the several layers leading to the issue of Tehran immigration growth, and different scenarios are considered for the future. In this regard, based on analysis of the under layers and due to the uncertainty and importance, "development model" and "cultural orientation" are identified as its drivers and the scenarios are designed according to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Explaining the role of metaphor and analogy techniques in the architectural design process: Problem-understanding and Problem-solving
Maryam Nouri Shadi Azizi Mohammad Yaser MousapourResearchers in the field of Design-Process have focused on effective techniques to enhance creativity in the design of many studies. This leads to a focus on the effects of two techniques: metaphor and analogy. This research has challenged us to take consideration about MoreResearchers in the field of Design-Process have focused on effective techniques to enhance creativity in the design of many studies. This leads to a focus on the effects of two techniques: metaphor and analogy. This research has challenged us to take consideration about: "Is the effectiveness of these techniques in all the activities of the design process to the same extent? Whichever metaphor and analogy techniques play a more meaningful role in which part of the design process?Nowadays, skills in innovation and methods that improve the knowledge of the design-problem have emerged as main features for designers. Metaphor is frequently expressed as a key role for enhancing creative design. Few empirical researches have been performed on how junior designers can use it within their performances.A metaphor is a figure of speech for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide clarity or identify ambiguous similarities between two ideas. A metaphor also is containing an implied comparison and allows us to understand one concept in terms of another, enriching our mental imagery and imbuing concepts with meaningful attributes. Reasoning embraces the retrieval of a known concept and its application to an unfamiliar situation.The analogy is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. This means that the analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, in which at least one of the premises, or the conclusion is general rather than particular nature. It can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. As a result, two kinds of knowledge would be attained deep knowledge of the design problem, and deep knowledge of many other kinds of natural and artificial objects from/to which one may analogize.The purpose of this article is to study the research related to analogy and metaphor. Moreover, research related to the design process or its parts, in order to positioning each of these two techniques in teaching the design path. The methodology of this research is based on library studies and logical reasoning. In the first step, studies related to the design process, banner design training in Iran, and metaphor and analogy are collected and classified. This is followed by reviewing the content of these studies, the focus of each one on the different parts of the design process is identified and their final result reached with the same sensitivity. The most important result of this study is that metaphor and analogy are considered as effective techniques in creative design education. Metaphors in the stages of analysis and synthesis (understanding the design and concept production) and analogy in the stages of synthesis and evaluation (solving and promoting the problem or Concept Development) is more effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Design Process (Decoding “Analogy” as a Major Method of Form and Space Producing)
Mahmud Rezaei Focusing on producing urban and architectural form and space, this article explores the design process. It reviews several methods of design and narrows them all down to a major method known as “Analogy”. In fact, the article concludes that “Anal More Focusing on producing urban and architectural form and space, this article explores the design process. It reviews several methods of design and narrows them all down to a major method known as “Analogy”. In fact, the article concludes that “Analogy” has been one of the main methods of design for designers. They have mostly tried to find an “Analogy” between the outcome and elements of design including the “site”, “program”, “case studies” and “themes” of the project. This way of design, based on “Analogy”, may vary from direct and objective to indirect and subjective techniques and almost covers all other methods discussed by theoreticians. Researches around design process are mainly emphasized not later than 1945. Encouraged from new scientific methods on one hand, movements emerged through a series of seminars in England during 1960s and 1970s and expansion of creativity techniques on the other hand; the design procedures underwent serious studies. Since creativity is a genuine and better way (Faruque 1984) and a power to find an unconventional and perfect solution for an issue as well as a new look at the realities and a process for breaking pre-assumptions (Guilford, 1967), the subjects expressed in the design method have either faced criticism and/or, the writings in this area are usually presented in a generalize form in order to escape from the cliché making and conventionalism criticism. Even though in the view of some, death knocked the door of design process in 1970s; however, in 1980s, it was revived especially in engineering and industrial design fields. Thus, in order to study the process of producing forms and spaces, first the design procedure and its general dual stages; that is analysis and compositions have been studied and reviewed through the above mentioned backgrounds. In continuation, those methods have been compared in the views of some theorists and successful works of some contemporary architects as well as their design methods have been criticized with the above-mentioned methods and subsequently, the design and architecture form production is revised. The main findings of this research show that “Analogy” as evaluation and assessment of final form (composition) with the analytical categories (analysis stage) is one of the main stages and factors in architecture form production, and based on imagination and image of the designer, it could be used in the design procedures directly and objectively or indirectly and subjectively. As an “Analogy” has internal and external degrees, the analysis categories could be distinguished from inner degree (plan and site) to external degrees (case studies and phenomena). In another word, the “Analogy”, in this study, is demonstrated to be Meta-method or one of the main methods of design and other techniques can be easily classified into different levels of “Analogy”, from direct/objective to indirect/subjective ways of “Analogy”. For instance, discussed methods of design in this article such as pragmatic, programmatic, and essence techniques can also be known as direct and objective methods of “Analogy” while canonic, ideal, metaphor methods might be considered as indirect and objective “Analogies”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Cognitive Perspective and Linguistic Metaphors in Iran’s Contemporary Architecture
Ali Mohammadi Ali AsgharzadehPerspective is not necessarily a representive instrument of drawing, but it is emerged our comprehensive and cognitive-linguistic framework. In fact perspective creation in art is interweaved with our linguistic view toward our surrounding environment. Perspective is a MorePerspective is not necessarily a representive instrument of drawing, but it is emerged our comprehensive and cognitive-linguistic framework. In fact perspective creation in art is interweaved with our linguistic view toward our surrounding environment. Perspective is a schema to transform the concepts and make metaphors as the linguistic aspect because it metaphorically demonstrates our prediction and conception towards the time and the reference frames toward place, whenever our frames of reference would be changed in language, our perspectives would be changed in art. Three linguistics reference frames (absolute, relative and intrinsic) have been used and matched with three human positions toward horizon line (below, same level and upper horizon line) to create a model. This model expanded to review philosophy and architecture in three periods (Tradition, Renaissance and Information age) Emphasizing on the subject or subjectivism could turn the modern epistemology in philosophy in renaissance period. This movement which determined the configuration of knowledge in an exact place and prediction of events in an exact time, recreated perspective in painting and architecture. As this movement is wholly organized on human point of view, it is called relative perspective. In tradition era, which ontological and holistic cognition govern on thought, perception of space and ordering of events have achieved not only by human point of view but also by their inherent placement. In Iranian perspective, architect or painter do not see objects in human view. Instead, imagine him or herself in infinite position or everywhere and each scene or event is placed simultaneously beside each other based of its inherent value therefore when objects go father they become wider, contrary to western perspective in painting and architecture which objects become smaller when they go farther. Because of this comprehensive point of view, this perspective is called intrinsic perspective. Human mind has sunk in simultaneous information in the electronic revolution and its affected virtualization, which simultaneity is replaced with the sequentiality, smoothness and two dimensional spaces are replaced with three dimensional spaces. In this age, we have multi surfaces of consciousness and multi perspectives that occur simultaneously. As we have multi layers of consciousness based of multi point of view of different observers, our perspective is nonlinear relative perspective. An analogy between imaginative and paradoxical spaces have been done in Iranian miniature and cyber space in network world based on our cognitive linguistic achievements. In order to illustrate our analogy, the perspective of two different case studies have been compared: Auditorium of Seattle library (Designed by Rem Koolhaas) and central pavilion of Kashan Fin Garden. At the end, the comparative table and analogical model achieved that help to explain the structure of the perspective for Iran contemporary architecture in the virtual era. As a conclusion, there is a double pattern, intrinsic-relative perspective, in which interface with two different scales: On the one hand, hyper realization when someone zoom on objects and on the other hand, simultaneous imagination when someone go far of the events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Micro Investors' Perceptual Models exposing Capital Market of Iran using Zaltman's Mental Metaphors technique (Case study: Micro Investors of Tehran Stock Exchange (MITSE) residing Khuzestan Province)
hasan shahtalei maryam darvishi jabber Mohammad MoosaeThe study aimed to review and analyze cognitive structures for MITSE by a qualitative interview-based approach using Zimet technique. Accordingly, a semi-structured interview applied on 13 MITSE residing Khuzestan province and micro investors' mental (perceptual) map ex MoreThe study aimed to review and analyze cognitive structures for MITSE by a qualitative interview-based approach using Zimet technique. Accordingly, a semi-structured interview applied on 13 MITSE residing Khuzestan province and micro investors' mental (perceptual) map extracted. Six main extracted categories included in attributes of financial markets, types of financial markets, attributes and applications of capital market, governments' roles on capital markets, society and capital market and main players of capital market. Micro investors in sub-categories sector revealed that the main factor for the country's economic growth means investment and savings has increasingly been tarnished by a dramatic decrease of the public trust and the private sector toward the government and central bank policies. Ahead of this negative influence, the country's development of financial markets (DFM) will undesirably be ineffective. DFM considered as the most important and effective strategy in the developed countries. One may claims that the biggest mental perception for micro investors would be to ignore the most important advantages and attributes of capital markets and investment on stock exchange (e.g. transparency and security on investment, risk control on asset withdrawal and micro investments of long-term projects). This will ultimately lead to a severe reduction in economic growth, inflation, depreciation of the national currency and decreasing quality of the public's level of living in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Black Swan's Metaphorical Theory to the Study of the Effect of Forensic Accounting on Integrated Reporting Quality
Mohammad Asadi Chaharborj Farhad Dehdar mohammadreza AbdoliAccounting today goes beyond one-dimensional and positivist approaches, multidimensional maps in the social sphere; economical; it has culturally and legally institutionalized itself with the aim of creating a level of transparency and respecting the rights of stakehold MoreAccounting today goes beyond one-dimensional and positivist approaches, multidimensional maps in the social sphere; economical; it has culturally and legally institutionalized itself with the aim of creating a level of transparency and respecting the rights of stakeholders. Forensic accounting is considered as one of these changed roles of accounting which can help balance information and decision-making in the capital market and improve the quality of integrated reporting. The purpose of this study is to apply Black Swan metaphor theory to investigate the effect of forensic accounting on strengthening the implications of integrated reporting quality. The present study is applied in terms of research purpose and descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. Also, in terms of reasoning method, it is deductive-inductive, and due to the study of data related to a specific time period, the data analysis method is cross-sectional and based on the path analysis method. Research data from compact discs of Tehran Stock Exchange website and data related to the consequences of the quality of integrated reporting of companies through the integrated reporting score index which consists of 5 main elements. Were integrated to measure the publicity and quality of reporting disclosure, measured by screening reports accompanying financial statements. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) was also used to fit the model. The results showed that forensic accounting has a positive effect on strengthening the implications of the quality of integrated reporting of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Status of the Accounting Profession in the Public mind by Metaphors available
Ahmad Goudarzi Hoda Hemmati Marzeae Rafiei SheshvanMetaphor, is the most important tool literary language that the application will increase the scope of its meaning metaphors are part of our lives and use it to penetrate deeply in our lives. Through metaphors, think My¬Knym thought ¬Knym, we communicate, we eve MoreMetaphor, is the most important tool literary language that the application will increase the scope of its meaning metaphors are part of our lives and use it to penetrate deeply in our lives. Through metaphors, think My¬Knym thought ¬Knym, we communicate, we even dream. The authors and researchers in the fields of accounting and finance and accounting concepts refer to the phenomenon as a metaphor to metaphor in accounting are important because they affect the understanding of the phenomena and accounting concepts Gzarnddr this study, the role of the accounting profession in public opinion will be based on existing metaphors. A literature review of 34 studies were selected metaphor as a measure of assumptions 6's research and questionnaire with questions about any of metaphors was set. Respondents consisted of 7 groups of 30 would-be a total of 210 questionnaires were collected. The results of the study hypothesis that self-educated accountant and has knowledge that moral principles Payandan and host factors is the management. Accountant job and is able to meet uniform dedicate themselves only. The results showed that the accountant can yourinstitution compassionate leadership and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of Mental Metaphors on Professional Skepticism Auditors on Fraud Risk Assessment and Audit Quality
Morteza Shafati Hasan Valiyan Mohammadreza AbdoliMetaphor is one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of operations and business functions in society can be, because it creates a positive mindset for an increase in commitment and job responsibilities, particularly in the auditing profession. Metaphorization in aud MoreMetaphor is one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of operations and business functions in society can be, because it creates a positive mindset for an increase in commitment and job responsibilities, particularly in the auditing profession. Metaphorization in auditing can lead to auditors' professional skepticism to perform quality work and to examine all aspects of the performance of the clients. The purpose of this research is The effect of Mental Metaphors on Professional Skepticism Auditors on Fraud Risk Assessment and Audit Quality. In this research, two metaphors were used based on the researches of Parlee et al. (2014), Mubako & O'Donnell (2017) to better understand the suspicions of auditors in assessing the risk of fraud in the financial statements and the quality of the audit. Data were collected by questionnaire and for analyzing the hypothesis of the research, multivariate Manua multivariate tests, repeated variance analysis and follow-up tests were used to compare the time. The results of the research showed that auditors' differences in terms of their perceptions of audit metaphors increase the risk of corporate fraud and audit quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of the Train Metaphor in Ana Karenina Novel Based on the Model of Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphors
Parisa Changizi Hoseinali NozariPhilosophers and historians of science believe in a particular metaphor for every century in the history of science. Meanwhile, the nineteenth century is under the metaphor of the train, which is the embodiment of the steam engine. On the other hand, at the same time, t MorePhilosophers and historians of science believe in a particular metaphor for every century in the history of science. Meanwhile, the nineteenth century is under the metaphor of the train, which is the embodiment of the steam engine. On the other hand, at the same time, the metaphor of the train plays a decisive role in nineteenth-century literature and it becomes one of the factors on which the plot of the story is based. So in the nineteenth century, the metaphor of the train, which is a tangible form of the steam engine for people, spread everywhere and it found a decisive role in the nineteenth-century literature. This metaphor becomes one of the factors on which the plot of the story is based. After introducing the train metaphor as the dominant metaphor in nineteenth-century science and literature, the paper analyzes the metaphor in Anna Karenina's novel by theme analysis strategy and based on the theory of Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Study of the Word “dharaʼ” in the Qur’ān and the Sacred Jewish -Christian Texts
mahmood makvand Elham shirmohammadiThe present article, based on a comparative view, has studied the word "dharaʼ" in the Qur’ān and Sacred Jewish-Christian Texts and, with a historical approach has focused on the etymology of this word in Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac and Aramaic. An etymological investi MoreThe present article, based on a comparative view, has studied the word "dharaʼ" in the Qur’ān and Sacred Jewish-Christian Texts and, with a historical approach has focused on the etymology of this word in Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac and Aramaic. An etymological investigation is useful in explaining some of the patterns governing the consonantal substitution and phonological phenomena between the aforementioned languages. Based on such an investigation, the connection between the forms "dharʼ" and "dharw" as well as the consonantal substitution of the Hebrew «ה» (he) with the consonants Hamza and Waw in Arabic has been explained. According to this study, the conceptual metaphor of "people are harvest" is used in the Qur’ān and the Sacred Jewish-Christian texts. In this conceptual metaphor, the target domain is harvest and the source domain is people. Also, the highlighted aspect is consisting of two pure and impure or valuable and worthless parts. This research shows that the aforementioned sacred texts following the worldview of their first audiences have used metaphorical language to efficiently express those educational and cultural teachings that are related to the abstract matters. Not paying attention to this language and its features can confuse the commentators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Comparative Study of Semantic Abnormality in the Poems of Zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman
zeinab khatiri Seyed Fazlullah Razavipour Arash MushfeghiAbnormality is one of the literary theories and one of the most effective methods in literary highlighting that has a lot of feedback in the field of poetry. Formalist theory holds that man is always associated with two kinds of language. The first is ordinary language, MoreAbnormality is one of the literary theories and one of the most effective methods in literary highlighting that has a lot of feedback in the field of poetry. Formalist theory holds that man is always associated with two kinds of language. The first is ordinary language, which conveys everyday messages, and literary language, which is used in the realm of art and literature and has its own delicacy. De-familiarization always establishes literary pleasures for the audience and improves the power of the human senses. The present study intends to deal with the category of semantic aberration and its different types with descriptive-analytical methods and relying on the poems of zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman and to answer the question of what semantic aberration is. And how is the bedrock of this norm used in the poems of zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman despite the commonalities and differences? Findings of the research through library search show that zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman have both benefited from imaginary forms and spiritual arrays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Great Metaphor of Knowledge: A Comparative Study of the Poems of Shirko Bikas and Abbas Yamini Sharif
Samad Ali Aghaei Vahid Gholami Sadegh Mohammadi Bolbolan Abad Adel Dast GoshadehOne of the newest approaches to literary criticism is the cognitive approach. The macro metaphors that are needed to understand literary works use the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors in this view. In this article, relying on the cognitive concept of metaphor, the aut MoreOne of the newest approaches to literary criticism is the cognitive approach. The macro metaphors that are needed to understand literary works use the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors in this view. In this article, relying on the cognitive concept of metaphor, the authors intend to comparatively examine the macro metaphor of knowledge in the poems of Bikas and Yamini Sharif. The research data is the poem "Book" from the collection of poems "Inak Dokhtari Sarzamine Man Ast" (2011), composed by Bikas and the poem "Good Book" written by Yamini Sharif. The main questions of the research are how the concept of knowledge is reflected in these poems and how micro-conceptual metaphors are integrated in the superstructure of these poems by the macro metaphor of knowledge. The present study is based on the theories of Likoff and Johnson (1980) and Kuchsh (2010), and is conducted qualitatively. The research findings show that the micro metaphors used in the superstructure of these poems have a basic infrastructure called macro knowledge metaphor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Poetry as a Fuzzy Domain: How Metaphor and Ambiguity Make Poetry Fuzzy?
Ali Jamali NesariPoetry as a Fuzzy Domain: How Metaphor and Ambiguity Make Poetry Fuzzy?AbstractFuzzy logic is, in all likelihood, an ancient domain known probably even to Aristotle's predecessors. However, it was not until 1965 when professor Lotfizade published his article ''Fuzzy Set MorePoetry as a Fuzzy Domain: How Metaphor and Ambiguity Make Poetry Fuzzy?AbstractFuzzy logic is, in all likelihood, an ancient domain known probably even to Aristotle's predecessors. However, it was not until 1965 when professor Lotfizade published his article ''Fuzzy Sets'' that it was systematized into a decent field of study. Fuzzy Logic challenges Aristotelian logic on many grounds, rejecting its rigid division of the world phenomena into binary oppositions, its certainty and its ignorance of the grey ground in between. Little work is done in Iran on the implications of fuzzy logic for literature and especially poetry. Far from being a first step, this study is an attempt to answer the call, posing such questions as the following. Is literature a fuzzy phenomenon? How? Can metaphoricity be graded? What about ambiguity? How does metaphor and ambiguity make poetry a fuzzy domain, introducing the concept of continuum and blurring the previously-held boundaries?Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Literature, Poetry, Metaphor, Ambiguity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Study and Analysis of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite Relationships in "Istanbul, Memories and City" Novel by Orhan Pamuk
Ameneh Hashemi Siamak PanahiTranstextualite is a literary approach that allows critics to investigate the links between literary works in a scientific and systematic way. Gérard Genette is one of the most important theorists of this approach who plays a key role in its application. This art MoreTranstextualite is a literary approach that allows critics to investigate the links between literary works in a scientific and systematic way. Gérard Genette is one of the most important theorists of this approach who plays a key role in its application. This article has been formed with the aim of establishing a relationship between the theory of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite and "Istanbul, Memories and City" novel by Orhan Pamuk. And it has been tried to be analyzed based on the divisions of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite of urban space and architecture of Istanbul in the novel. The research is conducted based on deductive research method, based on the data collected by documentary studies and data analysis based on comparison and comparison. In the mentioned novel, Orhan Pamuk has been able to place the roots of previous artistic works of texts such as literary texts, prose, poetry and painting in various ways in his text and establish a close relationship with the theory of Gérard Genette's transtextualite, especially in the field of transtextualiteand hypertexuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Comparative Study of Conceptual Metaphor of Wrath in “Lady Ahu’s Husband” and “Never Leave Me Alone”
Sanaz Taghipouri Hajebi Kamran Pashayi fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehConceptualmetaphoris the most important achievement of modern linguistics in which abstract ideas are objectively and experimentally conceptualized. Conceptual metaphor was initially introduced by Lackoff and Johnson in a book titled “Metaphors We live by”. MoreConceptualmetaphoris the most important achievement of modern linguistics in which abstract ideas are objectively and experimentally conceptualized. Conceptual metaphor was initially introduced by Lackoff and Johnson in a book titled “Metaphors We live by”. Based on this theory, conceptual metaphor is a mental and imaginary issue revealed metaphorically in a language. Most studies concerning conceptual metaphors are limited to speech and writing; however, emotional metaphors can help conceptual metaphor patterns develop. The present study aims to analyze the conceptual metaphor of wrath in Afghani’s “lady Ahu’s Husband” and Ishiguro’s “Never Leave Me Alone” (winner of Literature Noble prize in 2017). Date were collected from phrases and expressions related to wrath in these two novels. The researchers are to analyze those parts in which wrath is presented as a conceptual metaphor to explain the most frequent metaphors and their origin. مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی، سال دوازدهم، شماره 48، زمستان 1397؛ صص 55- 80 Manuscript profile -
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17 - A Study on Apparent Conception from Religious Concepts in Shamloo and Qabbani's Poetries
Abdolkarim Albooqabish Mohammad Javad Ismael Qanemi Masoud abbasi AramPoetry is an arena for thoughts and dreams. Imageries play the most important role; terms and phrases go beyond the apparent meanings which understanding (them) needs being familiar with figures of speech and the poet's character. Some poetries by two mentioned poets ar MorePoetry is an arena for thoughts and dreams. Imageries play the most important role; terms and phrases go beyond the apparent meanings which understanding (them) needs being familiar with figures of speech and the poet's character. Some poetries by two mentioned poets are represented in polytheism wich need to be surveyed and studied. The present article creates a subject – based group of Ahmad Shamloo and Nizar Tawfiq Qabbani (with common concepts and meanings) in six categories including same status for God and human being, application of Divine adjectives for others, ignorance of destiny and fate, ignorance of Doom's Day, ignorance of patience and Jesus Crucifixion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Objective commonality in some of Keats’ poetries and Sepehri
Naser Maleki Maryam NavidiObjective commonality is the indirect method of expressing the feelings and emotions. In other words, the poet pictures his feelings reactions and events chain by using figures of speech (such as metaphor, simile, and allegory) and objects in specific sit MoreObjective commonality is the indirect method of expressing the feelings and emotions. In other words, the poet pictures his feelings reactions and events chain by using figures of speech (such as metaphor, simile, and allegory) and objects in specific situations and puts the reader in the poetry scene. The present article attempts to study the technique of objective commonality of John Keats and Sepehri’s poetries. On first looking into chapman’s Homer, Endymion, Ode to a nightingale, on death, Ode to Autumn, Ode on a Grecian Urn are some of Keats’ poetries and the passenger, forever, and how much lonely, a message on way, oasis in moment are some of Sepehri’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Conceptual Metaphors in New Categorization in Ali Mohammad Afghani and Kazuo Ishiguro's Novels
Sanaz Taqi Poori Hajebi Kamran pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehLinguists know metaphors as one of the instruments of human's structuralism formers which plays a vital role in human's understanding of facts and conceptualization. Studying conceptual metaphor based on Lakoff and Johnson's categorization may cause some difficulties; b MoreLinguists know metaphors as one of the instruments of human's structuralism formers which plays a vital role in human's understanding of facts and conceptualization. Studying conceptual metaphor based on Lakoff and Johnson's categorization may cause some difficulties; because there are some cases in which a noun would place in both structural metaphors and ontological mataphors (categories). This made the author to analyze conceptual metaphors in Afghani and Kazuo Ishiguro's Novels by citing samples from Persian and Spanish languages. In the present article some changes in conceptual metaphors happened and witnesses are introduced in three other categorizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparison of rhetorical elements - Metaphor in Khaqani and Abu Foras Habsiyyat
seyyed mohammad razi mostafavi niya mehdi jabbari danalouiRumiyat of Abu Foras - forth century poet is of eternal fame in Arabic literature undoubtedly. According to the researcher's studies during history, Rumiyat of Abu F oras has been studied by many poets and literary men and had impact on their literary works consciously MoreRumiyat of Abu Foras - forth century poet is of eternal fame in Arabic literature undoubtedly. According to the researcher's studies during history, Rumiyat of Abu F oras has been studied by many poets and literary men and had impact on their literary works consciously or funconsciously. One of these literary works which has been affected by Rumiyat of Abu Foras is Habsiyayat (Prison poets) of Khaqani shervani - fatuous poet of sixth century. The present article studies both Habsiyayat (Prison poets) of both poets as well as their metaphors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Semantics of the Metaphors in the First and Twentieth Chapters of Holy Quran
Maryam Amin Ashar Masoud Akbari Zadeh Mahdi Mohammadi NiaMetaphor is studied from various aspects that one of the important aspects of which is the study of metaphor from a conceptual point of view, which is called "conceptual metaphor". Many people in the early days of Islam converted to Islam due to the eloquence and rhetor MoreMetaphor is studied from various aspects that one of the important aspects of which is the study of metaphor from a conceptual point of view, which is called "conceptual metaphor". Many people in the early days of Islam converted to Islam due to the eloquence and rhetoric of this Divine Words; Therefore, researching this precious heavenly book, in addition to discovering the truths, by applying the findings obtained from it in life, can lead to worldly and otherworldly happiness. It should be noted that the profit of a business is determined at the end, not the beginning and middle of it. Due to the beauty and great effect of conceptual metaphor, research has been limited to the study of conceptual metaphors in the first part and the twentieth chapters of Holy Quran. It also answers the question “What the function of metaphoric words in first and twentieth chapters of Holy Quran are and where the place of metaphor is in the eloquence and spiritual influence of Holy Quran while studying the abovementioned field. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Application of pictorial schemas and conceptual metaphors in poetry of degeneration relying on Quranic studies
Fereshteh Jamshidi Ali Akbar MohseniAmong the aesthetic forms of rhetoric, metaphor is one of the most eloquent and efficient tools that are used more for abstract concepts to make its understanding tangible and objective, and it constantly tries to attract the attention of the audience by creating a kind MoreAmong the aesthetic forms of rhetoric, metaphor is one of the most eloquent and efficient tools that are used more for abstract concepts to make its understanding tangible and objective, and it constantly tries to attract the attention of the audience by creating a kind of deconstruction in the meaning and words. In this way, it creates a conceptual and fundamental structure that is used to think about more abstract matters. These linguistic structures are the same as pictorial schemas. Schemas are a process of language cognitive structures created by human physical experiences in dealing with the outside world. In short, the mind is able to process the input data of the environment and to analyze and decode complex semantic concepts in the linguistic-speaking context. It is worth mentioning that in the structure of traditional ode and Quranic texts, epic poems and eloquent poems have a significant role in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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23 - A Survey of Manifestations of Artistic Illustration in the Blessed Surah of Taaha with an Emphasis on Allegory, Metaphor and Imagery
مالک عبدی Zohreh NoorMohammadNahalThe Holy Quran is a unique and unrepeatable masterpiece which has been under the care of researchers because of consisting magnificent meaning which in an unparalleled construction is available for everyone. All of the meanings of this Sacred Book are at the peak of flu MoreThe Holy Quran is a unique and unrepeatable masterpiece which has been under the care of researchers because of consisting magnificent meaning which in an unparalleled construction is available for everyone. All of the meanings of this Sacred Book are at the peak of fluency and eloquence, and one of its embellishment methods is artistic illustration for every event and hereby the addressee reaches to a better understanding and comprehension of the massage of The Quran. So it is necessary to study the Illustration of Quranic contents and explain the ways of applying these illustrations in instillation of its steering meanings. The present research with a descriptive-analytic approach intends to investigate, after explaining the general meaning of illustration and the characters of Quranic illustrations, the expressional modus operandy of artistic illustrations and structural elements in Surah Taaha as a one of instruments of describing human and moral doctrines. The results of our inquiry will show that the most eminent of constituents of the illustrations in this Surah consist of allegory, metaphor and imagery. The Holy Quran also makes the pure abstract meanings concrete by conceptual depicting so that they get more clarity in the mind of addressee and consequently his mutual reaction with the Holy Text becomes better and concrete. It must be mentioned that, in this direction, The Holy Quran doesn’t rely only on a specific kind of depicting but also uses different and various kinds of pictures which in the same context are in mutual reaction. Manuscript profile -
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24 - Aesthetics in the Thirtieth Part of the Holy Quran
Behrooz AfsharMetaphor is a simile of which one element is missed and transfers mind from one thing to an amazing one, This library research was conducted to understand the meanings of verses through expression of the eloquence of metaphor and the result shows that eight different ty MoreMetaphor is a simile of which one element is missed and transfers mind from one thing to an amazing one, This library research was conducted to understand the meanings of verses through expression of the eloquence of metaphor and the result shows that eight different types of metaphors are applied in the thirtieth part of the Holy Quran, including Mosarrahe, Maknieh, Morashahe, Tamsilieh, Tabaieh, Aslieh, Enadieh and Takhyiliyeh. Among these types of metaphor, Mosarrahe and Tamsilieh are most used in verses and Enadyyeh is least used. Among the twenty verses which have metaphors in this part, one verse has four metaphors, eleven verses have two metaphors and sixteen verses have one metaphor. Manuscript profile -
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25 - a
Omid Majd Fatemeh Aboohamzeh -
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26 - A Study on Aesthetics of Conceptual Metaphors of Nature in Najm & Qamar Surah
Hossein Goli Shahabeddin KarimiNajm (Star) & Qamar (Moon) Surah reflect and express splendid images of metaphoric aesthetic in the field of nature’s concepts; these beauties and attractions are combinations of objective patterns. Since ancestors considered classic metaphors in Quranic image MoreNajm (Star) & Qamar (Moon) Surah reflect and express splendid images of metaphoric aesthetic in the field of nature’s concepts; these beauties and attractions are combinations of objective patterns. Since ancestors considered classic metaphors in Quranic images, it is essential to consider metaphor from modern and up to date view point to clarify the various aspects of aesthetics. Thus we become familiar with two scholars in this field: George Lakoff and Johnson who attempted to express conceptual metaphors from other languages. Nevertheless we reached aesthetic notes in modern linguistics by studying Najm and Qamar Surah. Thus the research method is set based on descriptive – analytical – applied framework. Manuscript profile -
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27 - The Costumes Under The Cover The Of Imagery In Hafez,'S Lyrics
Fereshteh Asghari Ahmad ZakeriOne of the most important features of Hafez’ lyrics is to apply creatively the costumez and coverings . the main usage of Hafez is for saying beautiful mystical meaning. In his way analogies,metaphores rised out of similiesnd sometimes they’re shown in the f MoreOne of the most important features of Hafez’ lyrics is to apply creatively the costumez and coverings . the main usage of Hafez is for saying beautiful mystical meaning. In his way analogies,metaphores rised out of similiesnd sometimes they’re shown in the form of zrony and imagery in the article authors are going to show some interwoven forms of analogies and metaphors and to poetry imagination in words,using words and expression related to costumes for imaginary simile of Hafez thoughts are intended. It is true that Hafez has excelled in the used of elements of imagination formes and in the arrangement of words with spiritual industries ,he has made the work miraculous and this art show is not for evry one. There’s no need to mention that this research has used the method of (analytic-descriptive)which itself is sub-part of the library method to explaine the poems. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Noteable Thematic and Features in Bayazid's "shathiyyat"
Fatemeh HeidariAlthough Mystic passes moments of his life in transcendental empyrean world that it is nonspace and nontemporal, and it is empty of any plurality, when he narrates about his experience of Unity, he has to use ways of the Plural world that they are concept and logi MoreAlthough Mystic passes moments of his life in transcendental empyrean world that it is nonspace and nontemporal, and it is empty of any plurality, when he narrates about his experience of Unity, he has to use ways of the Plural world that they are concept and logical and he uses from both literal and virtual languages for his description, However his speech is paradoxical and needs explanation and Interpretation. Bayazid-e-Bastami reports from various experiences after intuition of unity his finite self with Universal Self or infinite that makes his description Language, artistic and aesthetic. And it has made his mystically propositions, meaningless for some people, the people accepted them; they cannot either denied them or verified. He uses literal and virtual languages and imagery as simile, metaphor, symbol to describe absolute unity world. He familiarizes the audience who is beginner at the mystical journey with intuition of God, Khlyfhatollahi status, of transcendental world that it is beyond the limit of expression and it doesn't have any place or time to explain. However his paradoxical speech doesn't overflow from his language for aesthetic value and poetic beauties, they have imaginary and phenomenal images. This article tries to study structural features of rhetorical and thematic of Bayzid's "Shathiyyat". Manuscript profile -
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29 - Aesthecism in Amiri Firouzkouhi’s Poems
Mahboube Hajijafari Touranposhti Touraj Aghdaee -
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30 - simle and metaphore based on weaponry in saadis sanncts
fariba gharedaghi -
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31 - Spiritual Blindness in Jose Saramago’s Blindness
Zohreh Helali Fazel Asadi Amjad -
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32 - Analysis of allegory and allegorical metaphor in Saadi'
ghseem،Nazanin،Masoud Sahrai،Sepahvandi،BaharvandAllegorical metaphor, which is considered as one of allegorical types , is one of the main topics of rhetoric and controversial topic that has always turned the minds of rhetoricans to conduct research in this area, so today the research process in this area has became MoreAllegorical metaphor, which is considered as one of allegorical types , is one of the main topics of rhetoric and controversial topic that has always turned the minds of rhetoricans to conduct research in this area, so today the research process in this area has became more active and extensive and the research shows that the allegorical metaphor, as one of the most expressive type of metaphors considered to be compound imagery, is mixed with other literary subjects , so in some rhetorical books, allegorical metaphor and allegory , which means assimilation and comparison one thing with another as one thing because the allegory is an extended metaphor . Allegorical metaphor , which is one of the most useful rhetorical tools in Saadi's poetry , has been used on different occasions and in different ways to convey the message. In this research, while defining and explaining allegory and allegorical metaphor , we have selected verses from Saadi's Sonnets and analyzed them , which shows that Saadi used allegory and its types in this poetry, but the use of allegorical metaphor is less frequent than other types of allegory. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Allegory, Simile and Metaphor Multilayer Hafez's
Behnaz Rastegar ManeshAllegory of rhetoric and anecdote and narrative topics. That as Vehicle for a story in their words and although the literal meaning is but the speaker, another more general meaning. In allegory usually used symbol. This article was answering questions such. What literar MoreAllegory of rhetoric and anecdote and narrative topics. That as Vehicle for a story in their words and although the literal meaning is but the speaker, another more general meaning. In allegory usually used symbol. This article was answering questions such. What literary allegory industrial applications lyrics Hafez? Hafez how this method used in reaching your goal? The relationship between allegory and symbols Hafez manager to express paradoxical ideas. Hafez allegories literary techniques and symbol's. this article uses the library and documents method. Using an analytical approach Hafez's ghazals allegory review. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Investigating the types of compact allegories in the poems of Jalal Tabib Shirazi
Shirin Kabiri Mehrdad Chatraei Maryam MahmoudiThe existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive MoreThe existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive and contemporary rhetoric. In ancient books, it has been considered as a compound simile and allegory metaphor, while in modern times, it is a subset of the subject of image and imagination. In terms of the structure of Persian allegories, It consists of two parts: descriptive and narrative allegory; narrative allegory includes stories of human and animal, symbolic stories, fable, parable, etc. Descriptive allegory usually does not go beyond one or more sentences, and its most important types are allegorical metaphor, allegorical simile, proverb, and Oslub-e-Moadeleh (techniques of sameness). In this article, we are attempting to study and search for the types of descriptive allegory and its examples in the poetry of Jalal Tabib Shirazi. He was a physician and a poet who lived in between Saadi's and Hafez's lifetime and variety of short allegories are prominent in his poetry. This research has been done through the library method and case study. Over the years, several articles have been published on allegory and its structure and types in Persian literature, but there has been no article about the types of short allegory in Jalal Tabib's poems. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Didactic Images of expression in Masnavi’s introduction
ebrahim EbrahimtabarThere is no doubt that Jalaled in Mohammad Molvavi is one of the most famous Persian poets. He is well known for his great book "Masnavi". So much was written about this book but because of the variety of topics and subjects there is still more to say. One of these poin MoreThere is no doubt that Jalaled in Mohammad Molvavi is one of the most famous Persian poets. He is well known for his great book "Masnavi". So much was written about this book but because of the variety of topics and subjects there is still more to say. One of these points of discussion is images of expression in the introduction of Masnavi which reflect Molana’s didactic views. Molavi used these expressions to talk about moral and religious issues in a clever way. These images are so vast; there fore, only two of them simile and metaphor are used a lot and will be discussed here. Manuscript profile -
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36 - the place various kinds of allegory in allegorical tales of Attar's Mosibat Nameh
Saeideh Saki entezami Malek Muhammad Farokhzad Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniThe hero of Mosibat Nameh is Salek Fekrat who looks for understanding the truth. That has been shown in the Mosibat Nameh is an attempt of human spirit and mind to find out the truth and existence of God in itself. In these allegorical tales examples of simile, allegory MoreThe hero of Mosibat Nameh is Salek Fekrat who looks for understanding the truth. That has been shown in the Mosibat Nameh is an attempt of human spirit and mind to find out the truth and existence of God in itself. In these allegorical tales examples of simile, allegory, symbol, mixed metaphor and osloub moadele can be seen. In this research the researchers want to understand that which kinds of allegories are used in Mosibat Nameh by Attar, what are the effects of various kinds of allegory on the poem and what is the allegory structure in allegorical tales? The data were gathered through library method and note taking and then they were analyzed. Manuscript profile -
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37 - A study of intensive allegory in Hafez's lyric poems
Nooshin Honarmand Ali Eshghi Sardehi Abolghasem AmirahamdiAllegory is one of the most important topics in old and new rhetoric, which is structurally divided into short or concise allegory and wide allegory. In compact and descriptive allegory, the most important types of which are allegorical allegory, allegorical metaphor, p MoreAllegory is one of the most important topics in old and new rhetoric, which is structurally divided into short or concise allegory and wide allegory. In compact and descriptive allegory, the most important types of which are allegorical allegory, allegorical metaphor, parable and equation style, it does not exceed one or more sentences and has a special place in the poems of ancient poets. But so far a complete and separate research. Compact allegory and its types have not been written in Hafez's sonnets. It seeks to answer questions such as: What is the use of compact allegory in Hafez's lyric poems and what types of compact allegory are most used? Hafez's concise allegories are more of an allegorical metaphor, an equation style, and a parable, and allegorical allegory is very rarely used. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Allegory, Symbol and Metaphor, Forough Farrokhzad’s Romantic Poetry
R. Masoomi Sh. Ojagh Ali ZadeForough Farrokhzad has been a poet whose life has been the focus of attention. Her works are seldom analyzed. The author of the article has made an attempt to analyze most of her poems from this perspective, with reference to their use of reputable sources to investigat MoreForough Farrokhzad has been a poet whose life has been the focus of attention. Her works are seldom analyzed. The author of the article has made an attempt to analyze most of her poems from this perspective, with reference to their use of reputable sources to investigate the use of the allegory (external and abstract), symbols (ideogram) and metaphors (personification and animism) in the works of the poet. It is concluded that Forough is a very special person who has used symbols. After the birthday song is written by the poet and intellectual perfection. Her analogy is quite prosperous in terms of form and content that is very interesting and noteworthy. She seems to have made a very extensive use of diagnostic and significant and noticeable personifications. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Study Of the Fundamentals and Mechanisms Of Metaphor in Mystical Texts
Seyyed Hassan Seyyed Torabi Roghaieh KameliGnosticism ـ knowledge of creator ـ is the most suitable and shortest possible way to access to Right. It is a pervasive, full of charisma and ambiguous phenomenon which in fact cause some states and changes that is questionable in others point of view. The transformati MoreGnosticism ـ knowledge of creator ـ is the most suitable and shortest possible way to access to Right. It is a pervasive, full of charisma and ambiguous phenomenon which in fact cause some states and changes that is questionable in others point of view. The transformation is so effective and consistent that influenced by the mystic language and words and in various aspects is far from public speaking. Of course, this pleasurable alienation, above all, thanks to the use of metaphor. Metaphor can be considered as the most important factors of making ambiguity in mystical texts. It is a term that is not used in its original meaning and naturally can induce multiple deductions into dynamic mind of the reader. But what really works is the metaphor in mystical texts and how the mystics have taken advantage of it in their own words? In this paper, the author tries to review the position this array and how to use it in mystical language and literature and deal with its role in the context of the principles and texts and the application of the rhetorical style in such works. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Deviation of Metaphors in Mowlavi’s Complete Works and Ibnfarez Complete Works
Mansoureh Telbian Rouhollah SAIIADY NEZHAD Alireza FooladiDeviation Is One Aspect of “Words Revival” Based On Linguistics That Causes Literary Pleasure Through Breaking the Surface Structures Of Words Not Deep Structure. From One Side Ultra Logic Rational and Mystical Nature of Mystical Facts And Meaning And Limita MoreDeviation Is One Aspect of “Words Revival” Based On Linguistics That Causes Literary Pleasure Through Breaking the Surface Structures Of Words Not Deep Structure. From One Side Ultra Logic Rational and Mystical Nature of Mystical Facts And Meaning And Limitation Of Language Efficiency From Other Side Have Led Gnostics Like Mowlavi’s And Ibnfarez Use Deviated Language And Words.This study criticizes and analyzes deviation metaphors in mowlavi’s and ibnfarez complete works analytically. The Study Shows That Mutual Sensuous Metaphor has not Any Place in Ibnfarez Poems. Moreover, It’s Frequency In His Amatory Mysticism Is More Than His Devout Mysticism. Rational Sensuous Metaphor Has Same Frequency in These Two Mystic Poet’s Poems. Which Follows Their Abstract and Social Realistic Thoughts That Shows Their Interest In Mystical And Internal Deliberation. Same Times The Relation Between Two Sides Of The Metaphor In Their Poems Is So Far That There Is More Deviation In It. They Select Much Metaphor and Cause Finding That Meaning Lately And More Literal Pleasure Through Making Prominent Their Own Words. The Percent of Recognition Frequency Is Same in Two Works. It Means Moving Toward Recognition Every Thing and Using Recognition Are of Two Poet’s Mystical Language Properties. Manuscript profile -
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41 - The Analysis of Sheikh Gilāni's Mystical Discourse Based on Conceptual Metaphor of Love in His Lyrics
Arezu Ghaderi Akram Korani Masud DehghanDecoding of hidden meanings in pristine texts is a challenge for researchers to develop new and acceptable methods for dissecting and extrapolating the concealed messages in these written heritage texts. One of the most effective methods to accomplish this arduous task MoreDecoding of hidden meanings in pristine texts is a challenge for researchers to develop new and acceptable methods for dissecting and extrapolating the concealed messages in these written heritage texts. One of the most effective methods to accomplish this arduous task is analyzing discourse via studying conceptual metaphors that reveal the Author's thought process. The aim of the present research is to clarify Abdul Qadir Gilāni's mistic discourse that was dominant in Islamic world for centuries, and its analysis through Fairclaugh's discourse analysis approach in three steps: Description, interpretation and explanation. In this project, "Love" Metaphor has been studied by the researcher which is the foreground and frequent in his lyrics, through Lakoff and Johnson's theory that interprets conceptual metaphors as a character of human thought. Through utilizing SPSS software, metaphor identification procedure of Pragglejaz group (2007) has been used to identifying and categorizing different kind of metaphors. The results demonstrate that in Gilāni's discourse, the relationship between a human being and God, should not be characterized as the relationship between and idolater and an idol but rather as a genuine relationship between the lover and the loved. His use of metaphors is not intended to beautify and emblazon his words but rather to enhance the objectivity and accuracy of his message. The discourse of Gilāni is mystic, simple and antediluvian and it is instituted on facility and laxity and one of the inclinations is the lack of awkward ritual for entering the Tarighat. Manuscript profile -
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42 - An analytic comparative survey of semantics of conceptual mystical metaphors in first section of the quran and first chapter of masnavi manavi
Maryam amin afshar masuod akhbarizadeh Mehdi mohamadi niaIt is obvious that the Qur'an is the book of the life of Muslims and has had a great impact on all Islamic culture and literature. One of the greatest literary learners of the Qur'an is Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi Balkhi, and his outstanding work, Masnavi, is not so full of MoreIt is obvious that the Qur'an is the book of the life of Muslims and has had a great impact on all Islamic culture and literature. One of the greatest literary learners of the Qur'an is Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi Balkhi, and his outstanding work, Masnavi, is not so full of active concepts and teachings. It is a Qur'an and mysticism called the Persian Qur'an. In this article, we intend to compare and analyze the conceptual and mystical metaphors in the Qur'an and Masnavi. Metaphor is one of the literary arrays in Persian literature and is also available in other languages. Metaphor is examined from a variety of aspects, one of the important aspects of which is the conceptualization of metaphor, which is called "conceptual metaphor". The Holy Qur'an, which has a high level of texts, also has metaphors. Accordingly, in the present study, a comparative study of the semantics of metaphors of the first and the twentieth parts of the Qur'an and the first and second offices of Mashhavi Molavi have been discussed. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with comparative approach. The results of the research showed that the conceptual metaphors used in the Holy Qur'an in the first part are more than the second part and concern topics such as worldly life and human guidance and the impact of heart. In other words, it can be said that the conceptual metaphors used in the Holy Qur'an focus more on the understanding of human beings and seek to understand this person. In the spiritual Masnavi, conceptual metaphors are in the domain of mystical concepts and paths to reach the beloved, often expressed by concepts related to love, such as fire and hearts, and so on. In sum, the common sense of the Quranic metaphors and spiritual masnavas can be discussed in the "Dell" sections. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Analysis of Cognitive Metaphor of Love in Mathnavi and Ghazalyat of Bidel-e- Dehlavi
Mehrangiz Azizi Manamen Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Jahandoost Sabzalipour Hosein Arian Seyed Saeid AhadzadeIn a gnostic look, and specifically an amatory theosophy, love is the column of Creation, the origin of human emergence, and all the universe. “Almighty Allah says: I was a hidden treasure, then I decided to be known, so I created love and I was known” (Raja MoreIn a gnostic look, and specifically an amatory theosophy, love is the column of Creation, the origin of human emergence, and all the universe. “Almighty Allah says: I was a hidden treasure, then I decided to be known, so I created love and I was known” (Rajaee Bokharaee: 591). Allah points to love as the reason for creation and wise poets have expressed the most beautiful and the deepest interpretations for love in different thoughts and terms. Mewlana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi and Abdolghader Bidel-e- Dehlavi are among the great thinkers representing the deepest concepts and figurative pictures on love. In his cognitive metaphors on love, Mewlana uses such terms as fire, wine, animation, medic, light, voyage, etc. in fact three elements of fire, wine, and animation of love have the highest level of frequency in Mewlana’s Mathnavi, Bidel represents a more abstractive picture of love comparing to Mewlana and uses cognitive metaphors such as flame, speech, written, Sun, treasure, desert, pearl, image, association, secrets, etc. while creating his cognitive metaphors Bidel knowingly inserts some kind of ambiguity in his words that leads to external complication of his poetry. By extending his words and with the help of common terminology he attempts to spread and open his metaphors and make others understand him by giving highly elegant pictures. For him, love is like the sea, sun light, water, desert, king, hero, mirror, path, etc. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Examining conceptual metaphors with a mystical theme in Rozbahan Baghli's "Abar al-Ashqin"
maryam mirzaeimoghadam ali ghasem sahraie mohamadreza hasani jalilian ali heidariAbhar al-Ashqeen, which is one of the most important books of Sufism in Persian language, is a book in which the movement of language on the axis of similarities is very remarkable. This outstanding feature (movement of language based on similarity that highlights the m MoreAbhar al-Ashqeen, which is one of the most important books of Sufism in Persian language, is a book in which the movement of language on the axis of similarities is very remarkable. This outstanding feature (movement of language based on similarity that highlights the metaphorical pole of language) has made the linguistic identification of this text remarkable. Metaphor plays an essential role in explaining Rozbahan's thoughts and mentalities. Roozbahan turns to the best form of imagination, metaphor, to express abstract and abstract concepts, whose expression and explanation inevitably leads to complexity. Our goal in writing this article is to examine two conceptual metaphors in Ebhar al-Ashqin, which are fundamental and basic in Rozbahan's aesthetic thought.The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting research data is library.Finding.Among Rozbahan's innovative and non-inventive metaphors, the author has analyzed two major cognitive metaphors, the two metaphors of "mine" and "actions", which are influenced by Rozbahan's thought and method of aestheticism.The cognitive metaphor of the mine, which represents the thought world of Rozbahan, has its roots in his intellectual system and the way of aestheticism. It is a metaphor mine of beauty and eternal eternal love of God Almighty, which is generally placed by Roozbahan in front of the world of Hadad. Mine refers to the essence of divine attributes before the appearance of physical forms.Verbs are also rooted in the broad concept of divine manifestations, which has a long history in mysticism, but the art of writing and the creativity of Rozbahan's mind in paying this big metaphor is due to the linguistic imagery that has been reproduced. Manuscript profile -
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45 - The Comparative Study of the Conceptual Metaphor of Mystical Wine in Mowlana's lyric, Khamrieh Ibn Farez’s Khamtiah, and Zohouri Torshizi’s Saghinameh
Leila Soleymanzadeh mohammadreza shad hossein arian Tofigh Hashempur-e SobhanyThis paper deals with comparactive study of the conceptual metaphor of the mystical wine in Mowlana's lyrics, Khamrieh Ibn Farez’s Khamtiah, and Zohouri Torshizi’s Saghinameh. according to the theoretical frame of Likaf and Johnson. The aim of this study is MoreThis paper deals with comparactive study of the conceptual metaphor of the mystical wine in Mowlana's lyrics, Khamrieh Ibn Farez’s Khamtiah, and Zohouri Torshizi’s Saghinameh. according to the theoretical frame of Likaf and Johnson. The aim of this study is to identify the semantic term of wine and its origin from their divine and mystical point of view in their poetry. It is because only through this comparison and evaluation the degree of their influence, as well as, we can find out the similarities and differences of their poems. Therefore, to do so, after a research on the figures under discussion, many figurative phrases covering the conceptual metaphor of mystical wine were obtained, and then, the semantic terms and their realms of origin were extracted. Finally, they were analyzed and compared by categorizing them and representing necessary evidence. As a result, the real meaning of mystical wine in their poetry has been found out. Manuscript profile -
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46 - You looked at the central role and the use of metaphor array in Rosban Irfan
jalil nicknezhadIrfan is the most suitable and shortest possible way to reach the truth. A penetrating, passionate and ambiguous phenomenon that causes states and changes that are questionable from the eyes of others. These developments are so effective and continuous that the language MoreIrfan is the most suitable and shortest possible way to reach the truth. A penetrating, passionate and ambiguous phenomenon that causes states and changes that are questionable from the eyes of others. These developments are so effective and continuous that the language and words of the mystic are also affected by it and in many ways deviate from the common language, and of course, this pleasant alienation is mostly due to the use of metaphors. . Metaphor is one of the most important central roles and obscuring factors in mystical texts; A word that has not been used in its original meaning and can naturally induce multiple impressions to the reader's dynamic mind. But what is the central role of metaphor in mystical texts and how have mystics used it in their words? In the present article, an attempt has been made to discuss the pivotal and central role and the position of this array and its use in mystical language and texts. Manuscript profile -
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47 - A study of the beloved metaphorical systems in the generalities of Shams Tabrizi based on metaphorical theory
Mehdi Rahnama Ahmad Reza Kikhai Farzaneh behroz romianiBecause love has an abstract meaning; Mystics have used sensory and tangible elements to explain and describe it, and have used metaphorical language for it. However, the subject of love has been the focus of poets and writers in all eras and times; But in the Iraqi sty MoreBecause love has an abstract meaning; Mystics have used sensory and tangible elements to explain and describe it, and have used metaphorical language for it. However, the subject of love has been the focus of poets and writers in all eras and times; But in the Iraqi style in terms of the importance and credibility of the works written and written about love; It has more prominence. One of the famous and famous madmen of the seventh century is the generalities of Shams Tabrizi by Maulana Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi. This work is linguistically more poetic and metaphorical and is mystical in meaning. Rumi in the generalities of the sun, according to the culture and ideologies that ruled the society of that time, has a special perception of love. This court also has a coherent foundation that is the result of metaphorical networks formed on the basis of one or more main common or individual metaphors in them. This research, which is a descriptive-analytical method and library tools, seeks to investigate the metaphorical systems of love in the generalities of Shams Tabrizi based on metaphorical theory. The results of the research indicate that the metaphors of the beloved in this work actually show the similarity between the beloved and God and the three metaphorical depictions of God's love, God is the beloved, God is love, is. Manuscript profile -
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48 - A study of confrontation with the old in the works of mystical poetry
fatemeh bigdeli mohammad ali davoodabadi mohamadreza asadThe most central character of mystical literature is "Pir", who has been mentioned by other titles such as Morshed, Morad, Vali, Sheikh, Ghotb, Ostad, Moghtada, Dalil Rah, Khezr, Rend, Pir Moghan, etc. In this article, we have sought to find out to what extent the liter MoreThe most central character of mystical literature is "Pir", who has been mentioned by other titles such as Morshed, Morad, Vali, Sheikh, Ghotb, Ostad, Moghtada, Dalil Rah, Khezr, Rend, Pir Moghan, etc. In this article, we have sought to find out to what extent the literature of mystical poetry has used descriptive confrontations in identifying and introducing the old? And what are the aspects and elements most confronted with old age? The works of mysticism, especially Hadiqah al-Haqiqah Sanai, Mantiq al-Tair Attar, the spiritual Masnavi of Rumi, and the lyric poems of Hafez, have placed the old man with different personal and personal characteristics in front of different personalities and attributes. In the present article, the dual confrontations that have taken place in the works of mystical poems about the old with three approaches of characterization, conceptual metaphor and educational aspects and using structuralist criteria have been investigated. The achievement of the present study is that the mentioned poets have confronted different personalities and traits with the old man, in addition to highlighting and emphasizing his influence, to convey their personal and methodical experiences to the audience in the form of direct and symbolic messages. And tell the pure ways of the true elders from the false elders to its people, and fulfill their poetic mission and social method in this way, and at the same time add to the literary, original and aesthetic richness of their works. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Analysis of love in the system of metaphorical concept from the perspective of Rumi and Biddle Dehlavi
mehrangiz azizi mohamadreza shad jahandoost sabzalipoor hosein Arian said ahadzadehThe metaphorical approach as a textual analysis tool is a new and linguistic approach that Likoff and Johnson coined as a conceptual metaphor. Their theory is that metaphor is a tool for thinking and thinking that flows in human life and with the help of which individua MoreThe metaphorical approach as a textual analysis tool is a new and linguistic approach that Likoff and Johnson coined as a conceptual metaphor. Their theory is that metaphor is a tool for thinking and thinking that flows in human life and with the help of which individuals make abstract and sensory concepts tangible and tangible. Love is one of the most important abstract concepts of human life and worldview that has been used in literary and mystical texts with various metaphorical interpretations. Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi, known as Maulana and Abdul Qadir Bidel Dehlavi, are among the mystics-poets whose poems revolve around love and use deep and beautiful conceptual metaphors in the realm of love. This treatise examines the conceptual metaphor of love and its analysis in Rumi's spiritual Masnavi and Biddle Dehlavi's lyric poems. The theoretical basis of this treatise is Lycoff and Johnson's theory of metaphor. All the conceptual metaphors used around the mapping of love in the two works were studied descriptively-analytically and it was concluded that both poets in conceptualizing love from the tangible domains of places (sea and environment), objective concepts (fire, hunt, Flame, candle, etc.) and some other concepts have benefited. Both prefer love to asceticism. Both consider love to be eternal and call love the origin of the universe and man. The intellect is considered to have failed in recognizing love, and not everyone is considered a confidant of love, and it is said that whoever dies in love has attained eternal survival. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Examine some stylistic features or poetic images In the poems of Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi
narjes keikha msood akbarizadeh behrooz romianiHakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images MoreHakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images (similes and metaphors) in Sanai poetry. In this article, poetry and imagination (image) are mentioned. The similes and metaphors of Hakim Sanaei's poems have been studied in terms of frequency, subject (pictorial elements), compactness and breadth, as well as in terms of the poet's purpose in bringing these images.Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images (similes and metaphors) in Sanai poetry. In this article, poetry and imagination (image) are mentioned. The similes and metaphors of Hakim Sanaei's poems have been studied in terms of frequency, subject (pictorial elements), compactness and breadth, as well as in terms of the poet's purpose in bringing these images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Analyzing the metaphor of Masrha and the metaphor of Makaniyeh in the stories of Weiss and Ramin, Khosrow and Shirin, Gol and Nowruz.
bayan foroughkermanshahi mohammadreza ghari Majid AziziImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, e MoreImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, emotion and imagination in a melodious language, and that imagination is the main element of poetry, then we will realize the importance of imagination in the field of poetry. One of the most beautiful elements of imagination is metaphor, which has many types but In this article, it is tried to be investigated in general under the title of Masraha metaphor and Makaniyeh metaphor and to determine the amount of imagery with this element in the poems. To express his feelings, the poet chooses the most general element of imagination, i.e. metaphor. Based on this, three romantic poems which are similar in terms of theme, situation and romantic images have been chosen to examine the element of metaphor in them in order to know that in these poems, in different situations that occur in the story, To what extent have the poets decided to use the element of metaphor to convey their meaning? In this research, three love poems have been studied in a descriptive-analytical way, and the evolution of the images of fantasy from the 4th century to the 8th century has been examined. Also, a statistical chart of imaginary elements has been prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Conceptual metaphors in front and war prose works with a semantic approach
Touraj doshman ziyari Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi . Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerouniDue to the nature of war in the minds of men and women, there are significant similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war. In the formation of conceptual metaphors in female and male narratives, MoreDue to the nature of war in the minds of men and women, there are significant similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war. In the formation of conceptual metaphors in female and male narratives, different areas of origin in female and male narratives of sacred defense have been used. The cultural meaning of sacred defense in female narratives is different from the cultural meaning of this phenomenon in male narratives. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that has studied the conceptual metaphors and cultural schemas in the feminine and masculine narratives of the sacred defense with the help of the library method. And the femininity of war can be examined in the form of conceptual metaphor theory and schemas? What are the similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war? What areas of origin have been used in the formation of conceptual metaphors in male and female narratives? What is the difference between the cultural meaning of war in female narratives and the cultural meaning of this phenomenon in male narratives of war? The results indicate that the differences between male and female conceptualizations of war can be examined in the form of conceptual metaphor theory and schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Analysis of conceptual metaphor of speech in Khaghani’s odes
reza jamshidiIn recent years, and in the theory of knowledge; metaphor has found a new meaning, that it is mentioned as the "conceptual metaphor". According to this theory, not only metaphor studies at the level of words, sentences or even at language level but also it studies in th MoreIn recent years, and in the theory of knowledge; metaphor has found a new meaning, that it is mentioned as the "conceptual metaphor". According to this theory, not only metaphor studies at the level of words, sentences or even at language level but also it studies in the mind, behavior and actions of individuals in a society and it reflects unconsciously. So explanations and study of thoughts, actions and human’s behavior in a society In which they live; is one of the essential functions of this type of metaphor. Thereby in this article we examine the conceptual metaphors of speech in Khaghani‘s odes who Is one of the most important poets of the sixth century; In order to find the cause of many disputes, controversy and conflicts in his contemporary poets .t was found that Khaghani knows speech as property, miracles and magic, maiden bride, competition, pearls, food and tree .That a Kind of superiority and uniqueness in Khaghani‘s mind causes his controversies and immorality with other poets. Manuscript profile -
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54 - Conceptual metaphor in Saadi's ghazal (based on Likoff and Johnson's theory)
nazanin baharvand masoud sepahvandi ghasem sahraeiLanguage has never been free of metaphor at any time and at any level, whether in everyday and automatic language or in literary or scientific language. The fusion of metaphor with experience is such that it is thought that a metaphor can never be understood independent MoreLanguage has never been free of metaphor at any time and at any level, whether in everyday and automatic language or in literary or scientific language. The fusion of metaphor with experience is such that it is thought that a metaphor can never be understood independently of its empirical basis, or even possible to represent it in an appropriate way. Conceptual The systematic dependence of metaphorical expressions on metaphorical concepts allows us to study metaphorical linguistic expressions to understand and understand the nature of metaphorical concepts of our activities. Because of this systematicity, it is possible to understand one aspect of a concept in terms of another aspect. This article examines this type of metaphor in Saadi's ghazals by basing its research method on the conceptual metaphor theory of Likoff and Johnson. . The most cognitive concepts in Saadi's sonnets belong to natural elements and spheres of power. The high frequency of a name map means that this concept has a high dominance in the poet's mind and Saadi is either in conflict with these concepts or in association with them. Manuscript profile -
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55 - جنبه های بلاغی در شعر اخوان ثالث
mehdi sharifiyan -
Open Access Article
56 - A Semantic Analysis of the Story Morad,sTree based on the Image –Space Making Hypothesis
Arezoo Mowlavi Vardejani mansooreh skekar amizCogntively speaking,the outside world facts are existing in themselves .However,their use in language are based on experiences .In semantic studies ,the elements in the text like words ,sentence structures are all meaningful and form a conceptual frame mingl MoreCogntively speaking,the outside world facts are existing in themselves .However,their use in language are based on experiences .In semantic studies ,the elements in the text like words ,sentence structures are all meaningful and form a conceptual frame mingled together .They enable us to have a subjective reasoning or shape symbolic structures relevant to our pre-conceptual structures of the given experiences .The view of image spacing(lakeoff.1987) stresses that conceptual structures are based on image profiles and metaphor .In the story Morad,s Tree ,the writer of Marzban Name tries to portrait the high goal of self- knowledge through the metaphor Life is a Trip or image profiles like Loop,center-around,Source-direction-target .The present article tries to study some of the mental spaces used in this story of Marzban Name and describe the concepts of Trip,Tree,Hero,Test and the Old wise. Manuscript profile -
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57 - تأملی بر سبک مولانا در استخدام جری و تطبیق در استعارههای تأویلی قرآنی
mohammad ebrahim malmir leyla modiri -
Open Access Article
58 - An Investigation into Aesthetic Aspects of Allegory in the Tales of Attar's Musibat-Nama
ashraf roshandel shahrokh hekmat mohamadreza zamanahmadiThe use of allegory in Persian language and literature has a long history and it is highly useful in explaining intellectual, mental and abstract ideas to the audience. Examining various dimensions of allegory is a big step toward identifying the works of Attar, especia MoreThe use of allegory in Persian language and literature has a long history and it is highly useful in explaining intellectual, mental and abstract ideas to the audience. Examining various dimensions of allegory is a big step toward identifying the works of Attar, especially that of Musibat-Nama. This work is about the mystical journey of the seeker of the knowledge, with Attar, in this allegorical tale, attempting to take the seekers of the truth through this mystical journey to Allah with his mystical teachings and special techniques. Amid the tales, some good examples of allegorical tales, exemplum, allegorical simile, allegorical metaphor and oslub-e moadele (a type of allegory) can be seen. This article tries to find how Attar has drawn upon allegory and its different types to present mystical and ethical concepts and better explain these notions to the audience in this work. It was found that among allegorical tales, the parable and oslub-e moadele have the highest and lowest frequency respectively since the poet is not to decorate speech but aims to express mystical states and perceptions. The current article has been carried out using library research method and note taking and has answered to some ambiguities and questions through a descriptive-analytical method and the gathered data. Manuscript profile -
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59 - A consider of the poetic structure of rebirth work on based on the conceptual metaphors
mohamadbagher shahrami seyed ali hashemi araghtooThe contemporary metaphor theory has been started from 1980 decade with the cognitive linguistics theories and is considered as a predominant and important subject in the linguistic investigations and literary works in the whole world. One of the biggest theoreticians o MoreThe contemporary metaphor theory has been started from 1980 decade with the cognitive linguistics theories and is considered as a predominant and important subject in the linguistic investigations and literary works in the whole world. One of the biggest theoreticians of this domain is Zoltán Kövecsesthat many his works is about metaphor and perhaps no one in the world have focused on it like him. He completed the lakoff, Johnson, turner ̕s view about the contemporary metaphor theory. He is the first person who has learned the cognitive metaphors approaches in interpretation of verse to the readers. He also had considered the cognitive metaphors approaches in the impressionism school and named this literary genre: the cognitive impressionism. One of the most important poetic subjects in forough farrokhzad we can find the mixture of impressionism characters and the cognitive metaphors approaches. So in this essay we are going to consider these type of forough poems on based on the Kövecses cognitive impressionism theory. Manuscript profile -
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60 - مهر و باورهایی از آن در ژرفساخت استعارههای خاقانی
mohammad sadegh tafazoli mohammad taghi goodarzi -
Open Access Article
61 - جمالشناسی شعر رودکی
ماه نظری -
Open Access Article
62 - صورتگری استعاره در منظومه«خسرو و شیرین» براساس دیدگاه ریکور
صبا پورشسب نسرین قدمگاهی ثانی -
Open Access Article
63 - Hatef-e Esfahani's imagery
simin avaz poor ali asghar mahmoodiIn this research,there is a discussion about Hatef-e Esfahani's imagery, who is one of the poets of renaissance period.Imagary and in particular natural elements, static imagery,abstract contents,color and harmony in images that is displayed in imagery are analyzed in H MoreIn this research,there is a discussion about Hatef-e Esfahani's imagery, who is one of the poets of renaissance period.Imagary and in particular natural elements, static imagery,abstract contents,color and harmony in images that is displayed in imagery are analyzed in Hatef's sonnets.and finally,statistic of imagery that displays Hatef as an imitator in creating image and verbal decorations are shown in the charts. Manuscript profile -
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64 - صور خیال در تعدادی از داستانهای محمود دولتآبادی
سیمین عوضپور -
Open Access Article
65 - Identification of words in Hafez's lyrics
sayyedkhalil bagheriAbstract Language as a fluid and flexible interpretation, privileges hidden and evident capabilities. The continuity of life for a language vocabularies usually related to the incompatibility of different language levels of that tongue, based on this some of the poets MoreAbstract Language as a fluid and flexible interpretation, privileges hidden and evident capabilities. The continuity of life for a language vocabularies usually related to the incompatibility of different language levels of that tongue, based on this some of the poets resort to the art of Art of metaphor, While consolidating placement of vocabularies in the language, to keep away any hastily Speculation. The intention of the writer from word identification is to pale or sometimes even disappear the certain meaning of vocabularies which results in considering metaphor. Hafez is one of the kinds of poets who, not only revived some of the words from black holes of aberration, rather with a new representation of its own age with the utilization of continuity based approach; built a new cultural and social model. In this regard in his verse, we meet multiple words such as: <<anywhere, Sore eyes, open mouth, Conspicuous, Ostentatious, Round rep and etc is meant wild >>. Which with paling the certain vocabulary meaning; topped them up… and with his own Interpretation makes them much more valuable and meaningful. So this article aims to analyze some of these examples in Hafez lyrics. And answers to this question that: how we can resort to the art of metaphor to acquire this identity in vocabularies? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - An analays of Image in Hosein Israfilis poem
maryam mahmoodi hasan ghorbaniSome poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resi MoreSome poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing techniques, particularly simile, metaphor and jest, as well as imageries including allegory and allusion.Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing Manuscript profile -
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67 - A comparative criticism of the classification of conceptual metaphors from lakoff and Johnson view with new classification with evidence from Afghani and Ishiguro works.
Sanaz Taghipoury hajebi Kamran Pashaie fakhri parvaneh AdelzadehThe present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that i MoreThe present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that is at the core of cognitive linguistics that encompasses the purpose of human thought and experience. Most recently due to the lack of categorization of some mapping names, a new classification was introduced by Afrashi and Hesami (1392), who introduced the structural and ontological classes in to three new Categories: objective to subjective, subjective to subjective and objective to objectiveThe purpose of the present study is to review and criticality two conceptual metaphorical perspective and to express their similarities and differences with some evidence of Afghani and IshiGuro.The research method is descriptive - analytical.The finding of the study showed that although the application of lakoff and Johnson classification is the basis of much of the current research, in some cases it is not sufficiently responsive in classifying metaphors, Therefore the new classification is more efficient. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Metaphor and its function in everyday speech of Persian speakers )Relying on Persian language students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch(
Gholamhassan oraki Elkhas vaysiMetaphor is the most commonly linguistic phenomenon debated by the scientists, philosophers, writers and linguists. This research aims at describing the function of the metaphor in everyday speech samples of Persian speakers. To this purpose, the authors randomly select MoreMetaphor is the most commonly linguistic phenomenon debated by the scientists, philosophers, writers and linguists. This research aims at describing the function of the metaphor in everyday speech samples of Persian speakers. To this purpose, the authors randomly selected fifty Persian speaker students among others in the college of Human Sciences, in Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz. Required samples collected via recording 30 hours of their speech presented in three different predetermined linguistic contexts. As many as 122metaphorical expressions were extracted, out of 1000 recorded sentences. Our statistical analysis and the results indicated that a significant part of the Persian speaker’s samples are metaphorical and various types of conceptual metaphors such as ontological metaphors, structural metaphors, event structure metaphors, proverbs and stereotyped phrases could be found in their speech samples. The results also made it clear that the linguistic context has remarkable effects on the use of metaphor in discourse. In other words, in the formal situation, the use of metaphor was less than the informal situation. That is to say, the more formal the linguistic context is metaphor is less frequently used and the more linguistic context is informal, using metaphor is commonly more frequent. Manuscript profile -
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69 - A Study of Metaphors in Hafez Shirazi’s Sonnets: A Cognitive Linguistics - Approach
Hossein sadeghi mahmood abbasi javad shirvaniIn cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not generally a linguistic or specifically a literary phenomenon. But it is a cognitive and mental one through which what we see in language is a mere representation. In fact, literary and aesthetic metaphors are just subcategories MoreIn cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not generally a linguistic or specifically a literary phenomenon. But it is a cognitive and mental one through which what we see in language is a mere representation. In fact, literary and aesthetic metaphors are just subcategories of metaphors. The present research is an attempt to study different types of metaphors in Hafez Shirazi’s poems based on cognitive linguistics. To carry out the study, first of all the sonnets were scrutinized and then instances of ontological, structural, and directional metaphors were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study revealed that the poet had used these metaphors with the frequency of 77.85%, 15.24%, and 6.91% respectively. Furthermore, the study showed that the poet had used love, mystic, rougish, eulogical, and philosophical mappings in stating ontological metaphors. he had used right, inside, outside, niche, high, front, down, base, head, and far directions to convey directional metaphors. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Scientific modelling of organizations using science of structural engineering
Naser Hamidi Mohammad Esmail Hafezi Syyad Ali Haj Syyad TaghiaManagement that moves between science and art could not provide the simple and applicable tools to its users in comparewith other sciences specially engineering science and the organizational issues have been remained as qualitative, vague,unrecognized and modeled with MoreManagement that moves between science and art could not provide the simple and applicable tools to its users in comparewith other sciences specially engineering science and the organizational issues have been remained as qualitative, vague,unrecognized and modeled with complex methods. When Gareth Morgan has presented the organizational metaphor as theeffective and usable tool in the organization recognition, the complex issues and phenomena become understandable byemphasizing on key points.So , in the research in previewing the evolution of organization and management theories and presenting the new theoriescharacteristics by emphasizing on metaphor argumentation to recognize the organization issues , the comprehensive studiesreview has done from the old proposed metaphors in management and its application and has presented a new metaphor as anorganization like engineering structure . In addition to exploitation the characteristics and common aspect among them andpresenting its management applications, the recent research has developed another step from all studies and similarresearches and has used from structure science abilities and its applied software in a graphic environment to model andtransfer the concepts. This can be provided the management philosophic fundamentals possibly and also, the used field ofapplying the theories, techniques and common methods in structure engineering science to progress the management appliedissues. Finally , based on new spaces recognition which is common between structure and organization in reviewing strengthand weakness points of the metaphor and its effective procedures, there has been presented some suggestions to continue thatshould establish a new headline. Manuscript profile -
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71 - پتانسیل دوگانه معنایی استعاره گرامری حرف اضافه ای در نثر رمان
یاسر حدیدیاز نگاه نحوی کاربردی زبانشناسی هالیدی، استعاره گرامری نقشی مهم و اساسی درمتن و کلام ژانرهای مختلف ایفا میکند و باعث میشود که معانی اندیشه ای از جایگاه اصلی معنایی خود حرکت کنند و با هم عوض شوند، به طوری که در جمله واقعی به شکل ظاهری دیگری ظاهر میشوند، تا معانی دیگری را Moreاز نگاه نحوی کاربردی زبانشناسی هالیدی، استعاره گرامری نقشی مهم و اساسی درمتن و کلام ژانرهای مختلف ایفا میکند و باعث میشود که معانی اندیشه ای از جایگاه اصلی معنایی خود حرکت کنند و با هم عوض شوند، به طوری که در جمله واقعی به شکل ظاهری دیگری ظاهر میشوند، تا معانی دیگری را بتوانند بیان کنند و با جریان کلام در لحظه استفاده زبان بازی کنند. یکی از اصلی ترین نمودهای این فرایند متنی تبدیل فعل و صفت به اسم است. با استفاده از بعضی جملات استفاده شده در رمانهای مشهور انگلیسی، هم کلاسیک و هم مدرن، این مطالعه از یکی از مدلهای قبلی پژوهشگر در مورد گروه بندیهای استعاره گرامری در رمان انگلیسی استفاده میکند تا روی یکی از این انواع، استعاره گرامری حرف اضافه ای، تمرکز کند. نتیجه تحلیل کلام این یافته است که بعضی از این نوع استعاره های گرامری ابهام معنایی دارند و باید به دو نوع کاملاً متفاوت، بر اساس بستر استفاده، تعبیر شوند. استعاره گرامری، به باور بسیاری از محققان، پتانسیل معنایی وسیعی را ایجاد میکند که لایه اصلی گرامری-معنایی، یعنی جمله نهایی متن، از آن بهره بردای متفاوتی بر اساس معنای مد نظر و پیش زمینه متنی دارد. همانطور که هم اینجا و هم در منابع دیگر ذکر میشود و هم تدریس خواندن و نوشتن پیشرفته محقق نشان میدهد، فهم گسترده تر از استعاره گرامری جزوی مهم و حیاتی در تدریس مهارت نوشتاری و موثر بودن آن است. Manuscript profile -
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72 - بررسی استعاره دستوری اندیشگانی در رمان فرانکشتاین نوشته ماری شلی و برگردان سینمایی آن
شعله سید ولیلو ناصر غفوریدر نظریه دستور زبان نقش گرای نظام مند هالیدی، استعاره دستوری یکی از ابزار تولید معنی در سطح تجربی می باشد که با استفاده از منابع بالقوه بیان معانی می تواند با برگردان سطح معنا شناختی به سطح دستوری و نحوی زبان، معانی فرایندی زبان از طریق فعل را به صورت جسم در قالب اسم بی Moreدر نظریه دستور زبان نقش گرای نظام مند هالیدی، استعاره دستوری یکی از ابزار تولید معنی در سطح تجربی می باشد که با استفاده از منابع بالقوه بیان معانی می تواند با برگردان سطح معنا شناختی به سطح دستوری و نحوی زبان، معانی فرایندی زبان از طریق فعل را به صورت جسم در قالب اسم بیان کند. تحقیق حاضر تلاشی است برای مقایسه اینکه فراوانی استفاده از استعاره دستوری به چه نحو در اقتباس سینمایی اثر پدیدار می گردد. هدف تحقیق بررسی تفاوتها در فراوانی استفاده از استعاره ادبی در رمان بعنوان یک اثر ادبی مکتوب و یکی از اقتباس های سینمایی آن و نیز بررسی نتایج این تفاوتها در شناخت ویژگیهای استعاره دستوری در ژانرهای مختلف است. در مجموعه چهارهزار و دویست واژه متن فیلم تنها هفتاد و دوبار از استعاره دستوری استفاده شده بود در حالیکه تعداد نمونه های استعاره دستوری در همان تعداد واژه در متن رمان بالغ بر سیصدوسی نمونه بود. در هر دو اثر بررسی ها بطور دقیق و با شمارش دستی انجام گرفت تا از هر گونه اشتباهی پرهیز شود. نتایج تحقیق در رابطه با تفاوت فاحش در فراوانی استعاره دستوری در دو ژانر ادبی و سینمایی با توجه به اصول شناخت گرایی و معنی شناسی و تحلیل گفتمان مورد بحث قرار گرفت. نتایج آموزشی تحقیق حاضر آگاه سازی مدرسان زبان انگلیسی از اهمیت و نقش استفاده از استعاره دستوری در انواع مختلف متون و تلاش برای آگاه سازی زبان آموزان در دوره های متوسط و بالای متوسط از اصول نوشتار و گفتار در زبان انگلیسی بود. Manuscript profile -
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73 - انواع استعاره های دستوری در داستان هری پاتر و زندانیان آزکابان
نسا نبی فر حامد کاظم زاداستعاره دستوری یکی از پدیده های جدید زبانی است که هلیدی (1985) بر پایه چهار چوب نظری دستور نقش گرای معرفی کرد.تامسون (2004) اعتقاد دارد که منشاء اصلی استعاره دستوری باید اسم سازی باشد که درآن صورت اسمی سعی بر معرفی صورت فعلی دارد  Moreاستعاره دستوری یکی از پدیده های جدید زبانی است که هلیدی (1985) بر پایه چهار چوب نظری دستور نقش گرای معرفی کرد.تامسون (2004) اعتقاد دارد که منشاء اصلی استعاره دستوری باید اسم سازی باشد که درآن صورت اسمی سعی بر معرفی صورت فعلی دارد به عبارت دیگر،صورت فعلی با فرایند متفاوتش به صورت اسمی بیان می شود.وی در ادامه ابراز می کند که هر عبارتی هم می تواند به صورت استعاری و هم به صورت پایه بیان شود.این پژو هش داستان هری پاتر و زندانی آ زکابان را برای یافتن استعاره های دستوری به کاربرده شده در دو فصل اول مورد بررسی قرار داده است. این مطا لعه قصد تشخیص نمو نه های اسم سازی استعاره دستوری در دو فصل اول هری پاتر و زندانی آ زکابان و ارائه صورت اصلی استعاره های دستوری دارد. در مر حله بعدی صورت های اصلی عبارات با صورت های استعا ره ای مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته اند تا فشردگی واژگانی عبارات را کشف کند.فشر دگی واژگانی با استفاده از نر م افزار کنکوردنس بدست آورده شد.نتایج این مطالعه به صورت خیلی شفاف مزیت کاربرد استعاره دستوری را در نوشتار بزرگسالان که هلیدی (1985) آن را نکته ی قابل توجه در ارتباط با استعاره دستوری می داند ، را نشان می دهد .نتا یج حاصل به صورت کمی ارائه شده اند و نشان داده شد که استعاره دستوری فشردگی واژگانی را افزایش می دهد که باز هم هلیدی (2004) ادعا می کند آن ویژگی متمایز استعاره دستوری است .بر پایه یا فته های این پژو هش می توان به چند دستاورد آموزشی برای نوشتار ادبی ،خواندن و هم چنین معلمان دست اندر کار دروس نوشتار و خواندن اشاره کرد. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Cognitive Analysis of Managers' Mental Models in Human Resource Risk Management to Improve Organizational Performance via Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique
Elmira Shakeri Hamed dehghanan vahid Khashei Mohammad Taghi TaghavifardResearch on perception, reasoning and decision-making processes has recently focused on managers’ cognitive and mental structures. The present qualitative study, hence, set out to examine managers' mental models in the process of human resource risk management and MoreResearch on perception, reasoning and decision-making processes has recently focused on managers’ cognitive and mental structures. The present qualitative study, hence, set out to examine managers' mental models in the process of human resource risk management and the role they play in improving organizational performance. The research data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with a sample of 21 managers at knowledge-based companies that were run based on Zaltman Metaphorical Extraction Technique (ZMET) and were subsequently analyzed through Phenomenology approach. The results indicated some similarity in structural features of participating managers’risk-taking and risk-avoiding mental models which can be attributed to the common problems they need to tackle at work. However, significant differences were also observed in terms of inter-relationships in their mental model structures; unlike the risk-avoiding managers who would evade risks, risk-taking managers were found to more frequently employ risk reduction and retention strategies. Moreover, the risk of losing key employees was identified as the most important human resource risk in those knowledge-based companies. Manuscript profile -
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75 - استعاره در ویس و رامین فخرالدین اسعد گرگانی
امین بنی طالبی مسعود فروزنده -
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76 - Analysis of Cognitive Schemas of Sadness and Hope in the Poems of Fereydoun Moshiri
Bita NoorianNow days, linguistic and cognitive topics are of interest to literary scholars. One of these notable topics is conceptual metaphor, which expresses the visual schemas of a poet or artists mind more than a literary function. In the past aesthetics, metaphor was considere MoreNow days, linguistic and cognitive topics are of interest to literary scholars. One of these notable topics is conceptual metaphor, which expresses the visual schemas of a poet or artists mind more than a literary function. In the past aesthetics, metaphor was considered to be related to language and was used for the beauty of words. Now days, metaphor is not just a linguistic category. Some cognitive scientists believe that human thinking is generally metaphorical. Therefore, according to semantics, metaphor is any understanding and expression of abstract concepts in the form of concrete concepts. Understanding conceptual or cognitive metaphor leads to discovering and recognizing the poet's thoughts, because the words of every human being are taken from his life experiences. Fereydoon Moshiri is one of the contemporary poets who are known as the poet of sorrow, love, nature and man. The hope has been to reach a better and higher world. Using a conceptual metaphorical model in cognitive linguistics, this study describes and analyzes the schemas and maps related to the concept of sadness and hope in Fereydoon Moshiri's poems and concludes that his poems are rooted in many biological experiences: his individual and social and his inner attention to the category of love and the world of his enlightened and ideal. Manuscript profile -
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77 - The Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor of Zephyr (Saba Wind) in Hafiz Poetry
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Jahandoost SabzalipourThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available re MoreThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available resources, includes a treasure of numerous conceptual metaphors. The current study uses a cognitive approach and investigates one of the important metaphors in the Persian literature, namely the “Zephyr is human” metaphor. The main research question investigates how Zephyr is conceptualized in Persian language. The data for this study is gathered from divan of Hafez. Analysis of the data indicated that Zephyr in Persian literature is conceptually portrayed as a lover/healer/veiled/patient listener/ secretive human as well as a human who is gossiper/ sick/ liar/ rival and unfaithful. By comparing the dual personality and selfishness of Zephyr (Baad-e-Saba) in Persian poems, one can reach the conclusion that Zephyr (Bad-e-Saba) is probably a remaining visage of ancient Iranian god of Vayu. Manuscript profile -
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78 - Ambiguity in Maftun Amini’s Poetry
Alireza Tayogh Najibeh Honarvar Farhad FalahatkhahArt needs beauty and to believe that poetry is one of the types of art, it needs beauty. There are many elements and factors of the beauty of poetry, and every poet in every era tries to decorate his poems with these elements. The main topic of this research is the stud MoreArt needs beauty and to believe that poetry is one of the types of art, it needs beauty. There are many elements and factors of the beauty of poetry, and every poet in every era tries to decorate his poems with these elements. The main topic of this research is the study of the science of expression in the poetry of Maftun Amini, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. In this article, the beautiful images of Maftun's poetry have been explained by addressing the components of ambiguity, irony, recognition, metaphor, paradox, and simile. By using all the tricks of imaginative elements and with a new attitude, he freed his poetry from the repetitive images of traditional poetry and succeeded in creating original and creative images by using innovative crafts. In the "Anarestan" and "Hidden Season" collections, the poet's language moves towards poetic ambiguity, vagueness, and brevity. Maftun uses poetic images and stereotypes to personalize the language of his poetry to wrap his poems in an aura of ambiguity and make the audience's mind struggle to understand it. In this way, by making the reader participate in the work, a special place is given to him to find a different meaning in the poetry. Manuscript profile -
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79 - بررسی استعارههای مفهومی «زن» در شعرهای فروغ فرخزاد
زهرا قاسمی -
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80 - بازی نشانهها در غزلیات بیدل دهلوی
فریده داوودی مقدم احمد فروزانفر -
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81 - Analyzing the Main EFL Learners' Writing Problems with Focus on Figurative Language: Metaphor and Metonymy Instruction
Nasrin Jenabagha Shaban Najafi Karim Amir Marzban -
Open Access Article
82 - A cognitive study of polysemy in loanwords of Farsi and Turkish of Azarbayejan
Nasser Abbasi Mohammadreza Oroji Behzad Rahbar Heidar HassanlouPolysemy is one of the most important issues that has been considered in different schools of linguistics and especially in cognitive approach. In this descriptive-documentary study, polysemy in loanwords of Persian and Turkish of Azerbaijani was discussed. The data sel MorePolysemy is one of the most important issues that has been considered in different schools of linguistics and especially in cognitive approach. In this descriptive-documentary study, polysemy in loanwords of Persian and Turkish of Azerbaijani was discussed. The data selected from local journals in Persian and Turkish languages, the Turkish-Persian dictionary of Shahmaresi and the Persian-Azerbaijani dictionary written by Behzadi. Prototypical meanings were based on the results of the interview and the linguistic intuition of the authors. Totally, 20 polysemous common adjectives identified from the corpuses and a radial network drawn from six of them. Among the cognitive mechanisms of polysemy creation, it was proved that conceptual metaphors would play the greatest role among them. Moreover, the connection between the meanings of polysemous adjectives is not accidental, but a systematic relationship existed and described by radial categorization. It was also found that the cognitive mechanisms of polysemy creation in Turkish and Persian common adjectives (loanwords) were the same and they differed only in the number of peripheral meanings which can be a step in confirming the sharing of human cognitive abilities. Also, high number of peripheral meanings in the target language may be due to the bilingualism and dynamic schematics. The results, along with complementary studies, can be applied in the field of language teaching, lexicography, more efficient translation machines and they will be helpful for all the stakeholders in the field. Manuscript profile -
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83 - ساختار تولید و درک استعاره از دیدگاه عبدالقاهر جرجانی
حسین عبدالحسینی -
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84 - Representation of e-learning in student metaphors
Maryam Baradaran Haghir Zynab KaramkhaniThe purpose of this study is to provide students with conceptual metaphors about e-learning to provide a deep and multifaceted understanding of how students feel about e-learning in the situation. For this purpose, in this qualitative study, with 51 students (42 females MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide students with conceptual metaphors about e-learning to provide a deep and multifaceted understanding of how students feel about e-learning in the situation. For this purpose, in this qualitative study, with 51 students (42 females and 9 males) in the field of educational sciences who during the academic year 1399-99 in the method of e-learning on the campus of Imam Sadegh (AS) University and Mazandaran University are They were educated, interviewed. The prepared questions were given to the participants through messengers so that they could express their perception of e-learning before and after the course and recount the positive and negative experiences and possible metaphors formed. Finally, the findings were extracted from the analysis and meaning of the concepts that sometimes referred to metaphors, sometimes explicitly and sometimes covertly. The findings showed ten metaphors that were classified into three approaches: positive, negative and neutral to e-learning. Manuscript profile -
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85 - Britain’s European Policy Discourse: A Metaphoric Analysis (Text in Persian)
Homira Moshirzadeh Fatemeh HamoeiThe relations of Britain and European Union have always been one of the important and controversial issues in domestic political scene of Britain for the past fifty years due to negative attitude of Britain towards European integration and unity. The question which the MoreThe relations of Britain and European Union have always been one of the important and controversial issues in domestic political scene of Britain for the past fifty years due to negative attitude of Britain towards European integration and unity. The question which the present article wants to examine is how this skeptical and stressful attitude of Britain towards European unity has shaped and what circumstances have helped shaping this outlook? The present article wants by making use of “perceptual-cognitive theory” of Lakoff and Johnson and metaphoric documentation analysis method of Millikan and also by examining the language used in speeches، statement of politicians and foreign ministers of Britain in relation to European integration، extract and analyze metaphors، signs، premise، symbols and systems indicating this discourse and explain the possibility of this attitude in foreign policy، the process of shaping British and European identity and also the common custom of this country towards European policy and the dynamic of such interpretation. Manuscript profile -
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86 - ترجمه عبارتهای اعضای بدن: مورد "چشم" در فارسی
فرزاد شریفیانترجمه اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای بدن از یک زبان به زبان دیگر چالش مهمی را به همراه دارد، زیرا این عبارات معمولاً با مفاهیم فرهنگی مرتبط هستند، مانند احساسات و فعالیتهای ذهنی، که در بسیاری از موارد در زبانها متفاوت است. بنابراین، ترجمه تحت اللفظی یک اصطلاح بخش بدن از زبان Moreترجمه اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای بدن از یک زبان به زبان دیگر چالش مهمی را به همراه دارد، زیرا این عبارات معمولاً با مفاهیم فرهنگی مرتبط هستند، مانند احساسات و فعالیتهای ذهنی، که در بسیاری از موارد در زبانها متفاوت است. بنابراین، ترجمه تحت اللفظی یک اصطلاح بخش بدن از زبان مبدا به زبان مقصد، ممکن است مبنای مفهومی این اصطلاح را تغییر دهد، که ممکن است پیامدهای معنایی یا عملی قابل توجهی داشته باشد. این مقاله بر روی مورد چشم «چشم» در فارسی تمرکز میکند، یک اصطلاح مربوط به اعضای بدن است که عمدتاً با احساسات، از جمله عشق، حسادت، و حرص و همچنین ویژگیهای شخصیتی مانند ساده لوحی یا بدخواهی همراه است. تجزیه و تحلیل برخی از عبارات فارسی که با اصطلاح "چشم" مرتبط هستند، تفاوت های قابل توجهی را با مفهوم "چشم" در انگلیسی نشان می دهد. به عنوان مثال، مفهومسازی درک، دیدن، مفهومسازی غالب در استفاده روزمره از زبان توسط فارسی زبانان نیست. با این حال، کلماتی وجود دارند که به فرآیند ادراک بصری اشاره دارند و عمدتاً در ارتباط با تفکر استفاده می شوند. به نظر می رسد این عبارات یادآور مفهوم سازی فرهنگی تاریخی است که می توان آن را به زبان پهلوی، شکل اصلی فارسی میانه، ردیابی کرد. مشاهدات انجام شده در این مقاله مستلزم یک سطح فرهنگی-مفهومی از تحلیل، به عنوان گامی در فرآیند کلی ترجمه از زبانی به زبان دیگر است. Manuscript profile -
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مریم اسمعلی پور -
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مرتضی براتی -
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hirood soltanian jalil nazari seyyed mahdi kheyrandish -
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90 - .
Kamran Soleymani Mahmood Abdanan Mahdizadeh -
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91 - .
motahareh ghobadi fatemeh khanmohammadi -
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Shahpoor Shahvali Mazaher Nikkhah Asghar Rezapoorian -
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93 - Similie in Rudaki`s Poetry
ebrahim Ebrahimtabar BooraRudaki, the great Iranian poet, at the beginning of the fourth centuryA.H . He was very skillfull in different poetic genres , espicially elegy and lyrics. The influence of Rudaki on Persian poets in his period and after that is known to everyone . His mastery and ski MoreRudaki, the great Iranian poet, at the beginning of the fourth centuryA.H . He was very skillfull in different poetic genres , espicially elegy and lyrics. The influence of Rudaki on Persian poets in his period and after that is known to everyone . His mastery and skill in composing poems and the number of them resulted in to call him the father of Dari persian poetry. He is the perfect representative of Persian Poems in Samani period. One of his skills is using imagination and similie and metaphor in his poetry. The images he used in his poems , unlike other khorasani style poets , are alive and active. Among different images ,Rudaki liked similie abov all. By studying his poems , it is clear that most of his similies are from sensational to sensational and logical to sensational kind in which there are different Kinds of implied similie , comparative similie and etc. This study aims to discuss about the importance of similie and different Kinds of it in Rudaki`s poems. It is hoped that it will be useful for all dear friends. Manuscript profile -
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94 - صور خیال و الفبای فارسی
حسن قریبی -
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95 - کارکرد زبان استعاری در شکل دادن به متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب کووسس: دیدگاه CDA
Somayeh Jafarnezhad Bahloul Salmani Hossein Sadegh Oghliاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکلدهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونهگیری تصادفی سیستماتیک ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکلدهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونهگیری تصادفی سیستماتیک از مقالات مختلف سرمقاله مجلات سیاسی غرب در رابطه با روابط ایران و غرب در دوره زمانی 2019-2010 تهیه شده است. تحلیل استعاره انتقادی (CMA) برای مشخص کردن الگوها در مقالات سیاسی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، که معمولاً از تحقیقات قبلی توسط شخصیتهای معتبر در تحلیل استعارهای انتقادی و سیاسی پشتیبانی میکرد که استعارهها برای شکلدهی به تفکر سیاسی، کمک به اقناع سیاسی، و در جهت دادن به شرایط و مدلهای شناختی استفاده میشوند. برای شکل دادن به تعبیر ملت به عنوان یک شخص یا استعاره بدن. در نهایت، این مطالعه از یافتههای متنی استعارههای مفهومی مورد استفاده پشتیبانی میکند. یافتههای این مطالعه، مفاهیم متعددی را برای تحقیقات آینده در اختیار کلاسهای درس زبان انگلیسی قرار میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - تحلیل استعاره در شاهنامه: دیدگاه های زیبایی شناختی، تصویری، بلاغی و زبان شناختی
Roghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh Lucie Ghazaryanفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنام Moreفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنامه فردوسی است. واژه ها و عبارات خاصی مانند ماه، سرو، نرگس، گل، شیر، پلنگ، غبارآلود کردن چیزی، دو نیم کردن قلب و جوش در معانی استعاری آنها به کرات به کار می رود. پس از جایگاه آنها در شاهنامه، دیگران کمتر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند، به عنوان مثال، گورخر درنده، دیو غول پیکر، فندق، خرمای سرخ، مرجان های گرانبها، و بدهی به خرد. این مقاله به تبیین معانی این واژه ها و اصطلاحات و نوع استعاره در هر مورد می پردازد تا شاهنامه را از دیدگاه های مختلف از جمله زیبایی شناسی، تصویرسازی، فصاحت و زبان شناسی بیشتر روشن کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه استعاره ها در رباعیات عمر خیام با استفاده از مدل هاوس: مطالعه ای در مورد ترجمه آشکار و پنهان
Hajieh Aprouz Roya Ranjbar Mohammadi. هدف این مطالعه به­کارگیری مدل هاوس درارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه استعاره­ها دررباعیات عمر خیام توسط فیتزجرالد و شناسایی استعاره­های مفهومی مشترک در دو زبان مبدا و مقصد می­باشد. بدین منظور، 37 استعاره از 10 رباعی با نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. سپس More. هدف این مطالعه به­کارگیری مدل هاوس درارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه استعاره­ها دررباعیات عمر خیام توسط فیتزجرالد و شناسایی استعاره­های مفهومی مشترک در دو زبان مبدا و مقصد می­باشد. بدین منظور، 37 استعاره از 10 رباعی با نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. سپس شرح متن مبدا با شرح متن مقصد مقایسه شد و استعاره­ها به­طور توصیفی تجزیه و تحلیل و خطاها شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که هم خطاهای پنهان و هم خطاهای آشکار در ترجمه رباعیات خیام توسط فیتزجرالد وجود داشت. خطاهای پنهان در سه بعد موضوع سخن، عاملان سخن و شیوه بیان وجود داشت در­حالی­که خطاهای آشکار به دلیل مغایرت در معنای صریح و لغوی متن مبدا و متن مقصد ایجاد شده بود. ضمنا از بین 37 استعاره، جایگزینی بزرگترین گروه از خطاهای آشکار را تشکیل می­داد. تجزیه و تحلیل استعاره­های مفهومی بین دو متن نشان داد که استعاره­های مفهومی مشترک بین دو زبان مبدا و مقصد وجود دارد. این استعاره­های مفهومی مشترک نشان می­دهند که صحبت کنندگان زبان فارسی و انگلیسی علی­رغم تعلقشان به فرهنگ­های مختلف تجربیات را به گونه یکسان مفهوم بندی می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - استفاده از گفتار مجازی (استعاره و مجاز مرسل) از طریق تعامل گفتاری درنوشتار زبان آموزان
Nasrin Jenabagha Shaban Najafi Karimi امیر Marzbanاین مقاله با توجه به اهمیت نوشتن در یادگیری انگلیسی و زبان مجازی امروز ، به دنبال این است که آیا استفاده از زبان استعاره می تواند از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیرات مثبتی در بهبود نوشتن داشته باشد. در کل 60 دانشجوی دختر در سطح مهارت متوسط از دانشگاهی در گرگان ، ایران ، از ط Moreاین مقاله با توجه به اهمیت نوشتن در یادگیری انگلیسی و زبان مجازی امروز ، به دنبال این است که آیا استفاده از زبان استعاره می تواند از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیرات مثبتی در بهبود نوشتن داشته باشد. در کل 60 دانشجوی دختر در سطح مهارت متوسط از دانشگاهی در گرگان ، ایران ، از طریق نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. شرکت کنندگان به سه گروه تقسیم شدند که هر گروه شامل 20 زبان آموز بود. برای جمع آوری داده هااز آزمون جمع آوری سریع آکسفورد و آزمون نوشتن که توسط نویسندگان مقاله حاضر تهیه شد، استفاده شد. ابتدا نرمال بودن داده های آزمون K-S اجرا شد. دوم ، ANOVA اجرا شد تا مشخص شود آیا از نظر بهبود نوشتاری در پیش آزمون تفاوتی بین سه گروه وجود دارد. سپس همان ANOVA برای پس آزمونهای این سه گروه اجرا شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که استعاره و مترادف از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیر قابل توجهی درمهارت نوشتن شرکت کننده ها دارد. در مجموع ، به عنوان مفاهیم آموزشی ، این مقاله معلمان EFL را برای تمرین تعاملات گفتاری بیشتر و نیاز به استفاده از کار گروهی و زبان مجازی در نوشتن برنامه های آموزشی که در دوره های زبان خارجی استفاده نشده است ، تشویق می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - تأثیر استفاده از گفتار مجازی (استعاره و مجاز مرسل) از طریق تعامل گفتاری بر عملکرد نوشتن زبان آموزان EFL
Nasrin Jenabagha Ali Najafi امیر مرزباناین مقاله با توجه به اهمیت نوشتن در یادگیری انگلیسی و زبان مجازی امروز ، به دنبال این است که آیا استفاده از زبان استعاره می تواند از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیرات مثبتی در بهبود نوشتن داشته باشد. در کل 60 دانشجوی دختر در سطح مهارت متوسط از دانشگاهی در گرگان ، ایران ، از ط Moreاین مقاله با توجه به اهمیت نوشتن در یادگیری انگلیسی و زبان مجازی امروز ، به دنبال این است که آیا استفاده از زبان استعاره می تواند از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیرات مثبتی در بهبود نوشتن داشته باشد. در کل 60 دانشجوی دختر در سطح مهارت متوسط از دانشگاهی در گرگان ، ایران ، از طریق نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. شرکت کنندگان به سه گروه تقسیم شدند که هر گروه شامل 20 زبان آموز بود. برای جمع آوری داده هااز آزمون جمع آوری سریع آکسفورد و آزمون نوشتن که توسط نویسندگان مقاله حاضر تهیه شد، استفاده شد. ابتدا نرمال بودن داده های آزمون K-S اجرا شد. دوم ، ANOVA اجرا شد تا مشخص شود آیا از نظر بهبود نوشتاری در پیش آزمون تفاوتی بین سه گروه وجود دارد. سپس همان ANOVA برای پس آزمونهای این سه گروه اجرا شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که استعاره و مترادف از طریق تعاملات گفتاری تأثیر قابل توجهی درمهارت نوشتن شرکت کننده ها دارد. در مجموع ، به عنوان مفاهیم آموزشی ، این مقاله معلمان EFL را برای تمرین تعاملات گفتاری بیشتر و نیاز به استفاده از کار گروهی و زبان مجازی در نوشتن برنامه های آموزشی که در دوره های زبان خارجی استفاده نشده است ، تشویق می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - ابهام، تنوع و پرورش استعاره در غزل بیدل
محمدرضا اکرمی -
Open Access Article
101 - The Mortality of Soul in the Gazals of Sanāei: A Cognitive Analysis Based on Motion Schema
Hosein Hasanpour Ālāshti Aliakbar Bāqeri Khalili mahdis kazemiThe mortality of soul is one of mystical subjects that Sanāī has entertained it in his poems (gazals). Image schemas are meaningful structures and novel patterns. The sensual experience and interaction with environment and external world shape these image schemas. MoreThe mortality of soul is one of mystical subjects that Sanāī has entertained it in his poems (gazals). Image schemas are meaningful structures and novel patterns. The sensual experience and interaction with environment and external world shape these image schemas. They can help to learn about the mentality, consciousness of poet, and his way of conceptualizing and categorizing. Motion schemas are one of important and very useful parts of image schemas in studying mystical texts. By analyzing motion schemas, it is possible to find why they have been center of attention for Sanāī. In the present article, first, three schemas are considered in the gazals of Sanāī: ‘love as journey’, ‘religion as journey’ and ‘bohemianism (kalandari) as journey’ and then, a cognitive analysis of them are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Aesthetics of Golshan-e Rāz
تورج عقدایی Golshan-e Rāz (Garden of Secrets) is a collection of poems written in the 14th century by Sheikh Mahmud Shabestarī (1288-1340). It is considered to be one of the greatest classical Persian works of the Islamic mystical tradition. Shabestarī uses the fig More Golshan-e Rāz (Garden of Secrets) is a collection of poems written in the 14th century by Sheikh Mahmud Shabestarī (1288-1340). It is considered to be one of the greatest classical Persian works of the Islamic mystical tradition. Shabestarī uses the figures of speech to express mystical ideas. At first, to compare abstract and real concepts, simile is used. Then, the metaphor and symbol to state mystical intuitions are employed. And finally, he takes amphiboly and paradox for explaining complicated concepts. The present article tries to show the aesthetical aspects of Golshan-e Rāz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - تحلیل هرمنوتیکی جنبههای اساطیری ساختهای استعارهای
اسماعیل نرماشیری -
Open Access Article
104 - The Deep Structure Analysis of the "Daughter of Vine" Metaphor Based on Hāfez's Poetry
alireza mozafari parisa habibiThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining t MoreThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining this aim, it is necessary to notice the cultural and social functions of metaphor in prehistoric ages, the role of myth in the process of formation of metaphor, as well as similarities between wine and feminine elements. The article consists of four chapters: mythology, history and culture, psychology and aesthetics. The research shows that there are inseparable connections between the feminine elements and wine in Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Conceptual metaphor of anger in Sange-Sabour, Sound and Fury and Miramar
nasrin Mahmoudi Barmasi maryam Iraji Jinuss ShirvanThis article is a descriptive-analytical research based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which studies the conceptual metaphors of the field of anger in three fictional works of Sange Sabour (Persian), Sound and Fury (English) and Miramar (Arabic). The findings of t MoreThis article is a descriptive-analytical research based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which studies the conceptual metaphors of the field of anger in three fictional works of Sange Sabour (Persian), Sound and Fury (English) and Miramar (Arabic). The findings of the research show that one of the most frequent source domains that all three authors have used to express the abstract concept of anger is the specific metaphor "ANGER IS AN OBJECT / TOOL". Of course, just by having one common source domain, it is not possible to strongly emphasize the universality of conceptual metaphors, and the existing differences indicate culture-specificity of these specific metaphors.But in relation to Generic- level metaphors in these stories, it was found that all three writers, Sadegh Chubak, William Faulkner, and Najib Mahfouz, have benefited the most from the Generic- level metaphor "EMOTIONS ARE OBJECT" in the field of anger, and it can be said that at the Generic- level of metaphors, The universality of metaphors can be confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Application of the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor in representation of Saadi’s and Parvin’s dominant thinking towards “World” and “Life”
Nahid Behmanesh Foroogh Kazemi Setareh MajidiIn present research the main issue is to study “world” and “life” metaphors in Saadi’s and Parvin’s poems. The aim of this attempt is to show their dominant thinking towards the the philosophy of life. The research was conducted by de MoreIn present research the main issue is to study “world” and “life” metaphors in Saadi’s and Parvin’s poems. The aim of this attempt is to show their dominant thinking towards the the philosophy of life. The research was conducted by descriptive-analytic method. The results of studying the quantitative data consist of 299 conceptual metaphors with the world and life target domain selected and evaluated from both poets’ odes andpieces. The findings show that common source domains in both poets’ poems for conceptualizing “world” and “life” are object and human. It can be said that a similar aspect of both poets is that they have paid more attention to conceptualize “world” than “life”. The research showed the purposes of “world “and “life” metaphors overlap and result to coherence, as far as it can be said they represent instability of world; the need to ignore the glamor of the world; the need to pay attention to how to spend life; and the importance of good deeds during one’s life for achieving a comfortable life after death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - رنگ و حسّ آمیزی در شعر معاصر
علی سرور یعقوبی -
Open Access Article
108 - Cognitive study of metaphorical verbs in Holy Quran
Ahmad Mohamadi Maryam MoradiThe subject of this research is the study of metaphorical verbs in the text of Holy Quran and their semantic nature from the perspective of cognitive linguistics on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors. This method examines the relatio MoreThe subject of this research is the study of metaphorical verbs in the text of Holy Quran and their semantic nature from the perspective of cognitive linguistics on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors. This method examines the relationship between the language of man, his mind and his physical and social experiences. Based on the contemporary theory of metaphor, a specific semantic domain is presented the context of an abstract-conceptual domain by experimental foundation mapping between the two areas of origin and destination. For example, the use of verbs such: “dominates” to express the abstract concept of “conquest”, the verb “extend” which is the spatial concept to express the abstract meaning of “time” and the verb “turning to” to express the abstract of “admission”. Considering the allegorical and metaphorical nature of the Quran’s language to facilitate the perception of spiritual concepts and the difficult meaning that could not be described directly to human beings, many of the verbs in Holy Quran have been based on human physical experiences of communicating with the world around them and providing areas for effective communication and perception of the verses. In this way, the study of the cognitive and conceptual domains of this verbs will provide new curable ways to achieve a systematic and precise semantic framework for the further perception of this spiritual treasures of human history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - استعاره های قرآنی از منظر تفسیر و تأویل
امیر توحیدی زهرا صادقی -
Open Access Article
110 - The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation
Asghar Hasanvand Habibollah Abolhasan Shirazi Alireza Soltani Mojtaba MaghsudiThe Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "internationa MoreThe Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "international social Capital that . Immaturity emerged and of the in the conceptual and resulting from the complexity and neglect in the conceptual and theoretical development has caused its that have a real station yet. for this reason the preliminary and passing Consider of some researcher with international social capital, with respect the background that has been domestic, the mentioned idea tobe a strange debates in international relations and a rule that is inconsistent and lacks conceptual and theoretical aford ability it seems. The purpose of this article is promate clear up the conceptual and theoretical dibit of this component in theoretical studies of international relations. This research has been done by using the analytical- describptivea Method and also using library Resources, and this is the question this article: What is the theoretical and conceptual basis of international social capital in discourse of international relations? The results show that, social capital is a metaphorical gem which according to the ratio and scope of new concepts of international relations with consept abstract and metaphorical concepts international social capital is also developed and conceptually and theoretically be descripted explained by relying on the metaphorical structures of the origin field,there is a conceptual and theoretical. Keyword: Social Capital" international social Capital"metaphor" international relations" international Society" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - استعاره ابزاری برای ترسیم انگاره دشمن
تژا میر فخرایی -
Open Access Article
112 - An Elemental Metaphor from the Linguistic Dimension of Architecture, Attunement and Poetic in the Interpretation of Alberto Pérez-Gómez
Sahar Lori Alikhani Mehrdad MatinIn the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may u MoreIn the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may ultimately create a culture for designing moods based on culture with more claims to a sense of the world is poetic or literary language, the basic unit of which is metaphor. The architect, by adopting strategies that use metaphorical language, begins to design places related to culture. In architecture, the subject is not just a building, but the meaningful event that exists, life itself. The language with which architecture can make the living space meaningful is poetic language. Take advantage of metaphor is the best way to express poetry poetically in architectural design. The research method is analytical, descriptive and qualitative; The main question of the research is: "Can we get rid of modern architectural crises with poetic language and metaphorical element?". In order to answer this question, the sounds of architecture, the voice of the architect and the use of metaphor in architecture were examined. Then, with the help of sorting the types of metaphors in architecture in three forms: tangible, intangible and combined, the examples of contemporary architecture were examined. The result of this research shows that the way out of the modern architectural crisis that has been faced in the last fifty years is to engage hermeneutics and pay attention to poetic language in architecture. Architects use metaphor as a strategy towards creativity; Because in the modern period the focus was on the scientific and mathematical approach, few people paid attention to the poetic concepts of the works; However, by examining some works, a poetic approach was observed and it was shown that architects use metaphors in different ways and use different interpretations to turn them into visual images. In fact, the metaphorical nature of the architectural form extends to the contemporary period, and what is omitted due to abstraction is the tangible expression of metaphor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی زیباشناختی شعر مفتون امینی
علیرضا تایوغ نجیبه هنرور فرهاد فلاحت خواه -
Open Access Article
114 - Types of Allegory in Persian Literature
Sardar BafekrAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an MoreAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an ordinary example to transfer his ideas to the reader. Using this method in the didactic literature has flavored and strengthened the ethic maxims and doubled its attraction. Allegorical stories are frequent in didactic literary works but in Indian style the frequency of equation is more prevalent than other types of allegory. Having elaborated the numerous types of allegory, we will bring samples for each of them from important works of Persian literature and criticize their strengths and weaknesses. The type of research is based on the ability of literary arrays in the important didactic and Indian style and consider the view points of clear-sighted authorities. The ultimate conclusion of this article is that using the different types of allegory is the main and essence of didactic literature and Indian style are also of the mysteries the beauty of language and its impact on the readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Studying the Conceptual Metaphor of " wine " in the Literature of Ancient schools of Iran
Nasrin Jabbar Khalaji Bonab Nasrin Jabbar Khalaji Bonab Arash MoshfaghiAbstract The basic topical metaphor in the study of linguistics is an instrument for contemplation and understanding the abstract implications. Of the achievement of linguistics cognition is the discovery of this fact that lan MoreAbstract The basic topical metaphor in the study of linguistics is an instrument for contemplation and understanding the abstract implications. Of the achievement of linguistics cognition is the discovery of this fact that languages often use the thematical metaphors to mark the abstract implications concrete. The conceptual metaphors explain the target sphere which is concrete. In " the literature of old schools " which includes the important part of folk literature, " wine " has extensive meaning realm and precedes the wine extracted from grapes and finds abstract meaning. The purpose of this research which has been done by library studies is to be familiar with the metaphorical and allusive meaning of wine in Iranian ancient schools. Therefore the poetic and prose works of old schools , by usage of linguistic ideas such as George Lakoff and Mark Johnson were studied and 19 metaphoric points, in the domain of wine, were extracted which are: forgiveness, unconsciousness, drunkness, helper, medicine of mind, love, great men, cleaner, dance and singing, pillager, intelligence, being strong, infamy, and sanctity. The presence of a kind of unity and relative harmony in the semantic domain of the explicit trait of these thoughts and the imagination of love wine in the basic corollary of the text has reflected the metaphoric mentality of bibulousness in lyric and romantic texts of old Persian schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Studying the Fantasy Imagery in Children's Poetry Based on the Works of the Center of Intellectual Development
Soheila LoveimiAbstract Aesthetics has always been one of the major issues in literature. The study of the elements of beauty in literary works is one of the most frequent points that has attracted the attention of literary scholars and researcher MoreAbstract Aesthetics has always been one of the major issues in literature. The study of the elements of beauty in literary works is one of the most frequent points that has attracted the attention of literary scholars and researchers. In the mean time, addressing child literature is also an issue of importance for the study of child poetry. In this research, the researcher, based on the works published for children in the enter of intellectual development of children and adolescents, examines the simile and metaphor of the elements of expression in imagination in the works of outstanding poets of child literature in the 17s and 18s. The researcher has conducted a descriptive-library study. The results show that sensory symmetry is one of the most frequent elements of imagination in child literature in the five age classification of the two decades, and diagnosis as a kind of metaphor in the most widely used in child poetry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Explanation of the Noble Life and Death of the Organizations through Phoenix Metaphor Approach (Case Study: Educational Organizations)
Ali Kargar Zanjani Rostam Gharehdaghi Zahra GhasemiBackground: Although the organizations play an important role in our modern world, and their presence affects every aspect of our current social life, the existence of an organization is essential when the society needs it, and its absence is crucially felt if it is eli MoreBackground: Although the organizations play an important role in our modern world, and their presence affects every aspect of our current social life, the existence of an organization is essential when the society needs it, and its absence is crucially felt if it is eliminated. Purpose: This paper attempts to explain the concept of noble life and death of organizations as a fortune to consume and to allocate resources optimally, to decrease inefficiency costs, profusion, and the decline of outdated methods.Method: This research is exploratory in method (including reading texts, exploratory interviews and complementary method), it applies content analysis and for extending the subject realism, storytelling method is used.Findings: In this regard, Phoenix metaphor approach is used for understanding the organizational behavior in confronting death or planned death. Also its relative capability for explaining the behavioral and structural aspects of organization is evaluated.Conclusion: The results of the research show that green organizations contrariwise immortal organizations chose noble death after the end of mission so that the other organizations have a better life. The organizational designers should have such an exact planning for mortal organizations such as Literacy Movement that they resign to noble death after the end of their mission. Accordingly they can affect Iranian social life in a stable way or a new form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Analysis of ontological metaphors in Mehrdad Avesta's "Epic of Arash" based on Lakoff and Johnsons’s theory
Fereshteh Shahsanam ahmad khajeim Aboulghasem rahimi hasan delbariAbstractOne of the achievements of cognitive linguistics is the discovery of the fact that languages use conceptual metaphors to make abstract concepts tangible. According to Lakoff and Johnson (2003), conceptual metaphor uses the domain of origin, which is a tangible MoreAbstractOne of the achievements of cognitive linguistics is the discovery of the fact that languages use conceptual metaphors to make abstract concepts tangible. According to Lakoff and Johnson (2003), conceptual metaphor uses the domain of origin, which is a tangible domain, to explain the domain of destination, which is an abstract and intangible concept; In fact, the basis of conceptual metaphor is the existence of a category of origin and a category of destination and the creation of a correspondence between them. In this view, conceptual metaphors are divided into three categories: ontological, directional and structural, and ontological metaphors in turn fall into three sub-categories: container, object / matter, personality (discernment). Arash's long epic poem is one of the valuable works of Mehrdad Avesta. According to his epic content, he has expressed many abstract concepts with the help of conceptual metaphors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ontological metaphors in this epic work in a descriptive-analytical manner. After answering the question of how ontological metaphors were used in Arash's epic and what concepts were tangible through this metaphor, the authors came to the conclusion that the poet sought to express sigh and regret. From the turbulent times that have arisen from the war between Iran and Turan, the conceptualized areas such as times, regrets, fears, calamities, and etc. were expressed with the areas of origin in terms of the vessel, objects and people. Since the essence of the epic is associated with dynamism and mobility, most conceptualization has taken place with the domain of the origin of the character bringing life to abstract concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Structural consistencies and inconsistencies in Mowlana’s lyrical Ghazals
Ali Asqar ArjeeMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, t MoreMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, the strength of Mowlana’s ghazal lies in music. Despite having unity of meaning and rhythm, imaginative colorful themes a kind of inconsistency is found underlying its texture. This article attempts to cast light on those instances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Conceptual metaphor approach of "love" in moral teachings Case study: Sadi's Sonnet
ali dalirdisefani Ali Reza Shabanlu Soheila Mousavi Sirjani azita afrashiiCognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Joh MoreCognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor, conceptual metaphor means perceiving the objective concept of a phenomenon from the field of "origin" and transferring it to a mental concept in the field of "destination", and the elements and factors of connection between these two fields are called "mapping". Love is one of the most important feelings in human life, and the way of looking at love is one of the important topics in poetry and prose literature. Methods: This thesis is an analysis of the concept of "love" in Sadi’s sonnets with the approach of conceptual metaphor theory. This research is carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and according to the frequency of the word "love" in the context of Sa’di’s sonnets. Conclusion: The sub-mappings of conceptual metaphors of "love" in Sadi’s Sonnet are coherent. The structural nature of the conceptual metaphor of love in Sadi’s sonnets allows him to elaborate a concept in detail. The variety of metaphors in Sa’di sonnets makes us face Sadi’s organized mind in the analysis of the conceptual metaphor of "love". Manuscript profile
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