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Open Access Article
1 - A study of common romantic themes in the poems of Vlad and Ibn Zaydun with Lily and Majnoon (Nezami)
shahram edalatishahiThe present article compares the common themes of love in the poems of Walada and Ibn Zaydun with Lily and Majnoon (Nezami). In this article, the poem Lily and Majnoon, the immortal poem of Hakim Nezami Ganjavi, has been examined and verses from this poem that had roman MoreThe present article compares the common themes of love in the poems of Walada and Ibn Zaydun with Lily and Majnoon (Nezami). In this article, the poem Lily and Majnoon, the immortal poem of Hakim Nezami Ganjavi, has been examined and verses from this poem that had romantic themes have been compared with the poems of Walada and Ibn Zaydun, poets of the same age, written in Arabic. . Undoubtedly, the origin of this story belongs to the Arabs and its history dates back to the late seventh century AD. The name of Walada was always appropriate with the name of Abu al-Walid Ahmad ibn Zaydun, a minister and poet who saw a lot of love and affection for Walada and composed his most beautiful and delicate poems for him. The research method in this letter is the use of source books and a variety of library research (survey) and descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study and compare (sonnet) lyrical approaches in poetries of Ibrahim naji and Mohammad Hussein karimi
Hossein Goli Shahrokh Hekmat Shahboddin KarimiThe comparative literature that is a branches from interdisciplinary studies, passes literary borders and discovers new findings. Therefore, lyrics in the scope of lyrical literature, open plenty fields for researchers. Studying lyrical themes at the works of naji and k MoreThe comparative literature that is a branches from interdisciplinary studies, passes literary borders and discovers new findings. Therefore, lyrics in the scope of lyrical literature, open plenty fields for researchers. Studying lyrical themes at the works of naji and karimi indicates that they were dynamic and efficient in composing sonnet. Two fundamental concepts have considered to achieve substantial results among content and context and genres of lyrics. the researchers study According to analysis of lyrical approaches and objective components. The American method of comparative literature was based because without caring whether literatures contractual relationship or not. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - سبک شناسی رمان غنایی با تکیه بر رمان رویای نیمه شب اثر مصطفی سالاری
علیرضا نایبی محمد پاشایی مهترلو Hosein sedghiادبیات غنائی، بیان نرم و لطیف عواطف و احساسات شخصی شاعر و نویسنده است و به عشق‌ها، دوستی‌ها، رنج‌ها و نامرادی‎ها می‌پردازد. آنچه این نوع ادبی را از غیر آن متمایز می-سازد، غلبة عنصر عاطفه و احساس بر سایر عناصر شعری است؛ هراندازه عواطف شاعر عمیق‌تر و احساسات او لطیف‌ت Moreادبیات غنائی، بیان نرم و لطیف عواطف و احساسات شخصی شاعر و نویسنده است و به عشق‌ها، دوستی‌ها، رنج‌ها و نامرادی‎ها می‌پردازد. آنچه این نوع ادبی را از غیر آن متمایز می-سازد، غلبة عنصر عاطفه و احساس بر سایر عناصر شعری است؛ هراندازه عواطف شاعر عمیق‌تر و احساسات او لطیف‌تر باشد، سخنش نافذتر و دل‌نشین‌تر خواهد بود. ادب غنائی از انواع دیگر خصوصیت برجسته‌تری دارد و از نظر مراتب، کهن‌ترین و ناب‌ترین و خیال-انگیزترین نوع ادبی به‌حساب می‌آید. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس تحلیل و بررسی جنبه‌های غنائی مهم رمان رؤیای نیمه‌شب و ملاحظۀ دیدگاه‌های صاحب‌نظران و دریافت بی‌واسطه از آن‌ها به آثار غنائی صورت‌گرفته است. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحلیل محتوا با تکیه‌بر روش توصیفی - تحلیلی است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که در جنبه‌های محتوایی ادبیات غنائی در رمان رؤیای نیمه‌شب به مؤلفه‌هایی مثل، احساساتی و عاطفی بودن، وصف (انسان، حیوان و مکان) شکوائیه و گلایه، خصوصیات اخلاقی انسان، عاشقانه بودن، دید منفی به جهان و سرزنش روزگار، فضای غم‌آلود، دعا و نیایش، آرزومندی، مفاخره، حسب‌حال، حدیث نفس، امیدواری، شادی و طنز، حسرت و سوگند پرداخته شده است. رؤیای نیمه‌شب، رمانی با اکثر مؤلفه‌های غنائی است. نویسنده اکثر جنبه‌های غنائی را با احساسات درونی خویش عجین کرده و در قالب کلمات و در فرم رمان به عرصه نمایش گذاشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Analysis of Political and Social Complaints in the Poems of Contemporary Period with a Look at Parviz Khanlari's “Mah dar mordab” and Mehdi Hamidi’s “Salhaye siah” Anthology of Poems
Batoul Azizi Jirabadi Narges Asghari Ghovar Ali RamazaniOne concept of lyrical literature in contemporary period which influenced thoughts and languages of speakers of it , is political and social complaints. Focusing on such concepts, many poets talked about instabilities and challenges of that period. This article will exa MoreOne concept of lyrical literature in contemporary period which influenced thoughts and languages of speakers of it , is political and social complaints. Focusing on such concepts, many poets talked about instabilities and challenges of that period. This article will examine reasons for the importance of contemporary period and poets’ poems in this period which focuses on political and social issues.This article will also examine social and political complaints in the poems of Parviz Khanlari and Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi;two famous poets of contemporary period. Parviz Khanlari is among contemporary poets who couldn’t refer to political and social problems in his poems because of his political and social position, but he included such problems in his poems implicitly. Social sufferings, objection to anti-values, political repression and absence of freedom are among the concepts included in his anthology of poems. Hamidi is also one of the skilled poets who is capable of referring to political and social issues and complaints against his country’s instabilities. He included political and social issues and complaints in his “Salhaye siah” anthology. In this collection, he referred to people’s pains and problems, inefficiency of the government, brutality of Pahlavi Regime, starvation and superiority of plunderers. This article will examine political and social complaints in a descriptive and analytical manner in the poems of referring poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The talk about ethics and courtesy of love in persisn lyrical account of love especially in khosro and shirin
Soheila Mohaghegh Mahbobeh Khorasani morteza rashidiLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy MoreLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy of love emphasizes the attitude of lovers after falling in love. Both ethics and courtesy of love determine the success or failure of the love relationship. Our question is how lovers would interact with each other in classic lyrical account of love, compared with some of contemporary accounts of temporary love. Since love is exquisitely manifested in classic works like Khosro and Shirin, this work was selected as the source of the study. Based on Mostafa Malekian’s article, a qualitative analysis was done to read this work to find the impact of observing or ignoring morality and courtesy of love in the romance between the love characters of this story. It was concluded that ignoring ethics of love is evident in classic works and that main characters commit immorality in love so the success of their romance is put in danger. Khosro ignoring the ethics and courtesy of love, destroys their romance. Shirin, however, observes both the ethics and courtesy of love. She behaves reasonably and tries to have love and abstinence simultaneously. It is also interesting that female lovers tend to observe the ethics and courtesy of love more than male lovers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating and Analyzing the Poetic Genres in the HusbangEbtehaj'sPoetry
Saeed Hessampor Nooshin TalebzadehThe study of the genre types and their application of poetry. In this article, the genius types are studied in two sets of black poetry (classical) and Tassian (including poem by Nimaei and Sepid) by HushangEbtahaj. Each of these poetic witnesses is analyzed from the pe MoreThe study of the genre types and their application of poetry. In this article, the genius types are studied in two sets of black poetry (classical) and Tassian (including poem by Nimaei and Sepid) by HushangEbtahaj. Each of these poetic witnesses is analyzed from the perspective of aesthetics and Ganaei. Findings of the research show that most of the Ganaeispecies are seen in HushangEbtehaj poetry. Specially, the types that represent themes such as love. Politics and society, this is a sign of the poet's romance style. His highest use is from pictorial rich species to descriptive species. In other words, the poet is engaged in illustrating the personal and social status of the era, rather than describing the objects of clothing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Review and analysis of the crumbs in the poems of Malek al-ShoaraBahar
Nooshin Talebzadeh Saeed HessamporComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contem MoreComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contemporary poetry, due to the social and political changes of this period, and a new Nimaiicstyle is more tangiblefor the audience of this generation.In view of the sensitivity of the subject and the time at issue, this issue needs to be distinguished from other topics of contemporary poetry. This article examines the complaint issue, which is one of the varieties of lyric literature, in the poetry of contemporary poet Malek al-ShoaraBahar.Describing and explaining them presents a written document of the poet's time with a complaining language for todayreader.What you read is a selection of Bahar complaints that includes his complaints about the age; with political situation being the most frequent topic, and this reflects the poet's personality and political insight Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Fiery Minstrel A Study of Espand (Wild Rue) in Persian Poetry
Masroure Mokhtari Hossein Arian Saeed TavakoliSince the primarily emersion of poetry Persian poets have been assisted with the help of various capacities of language and the words in order to discover new and original notions. Despite many researches conducted, there are still some noteworthy frequently-used words MoreSince the primarily emersion of poetry Persian poets have been assisted with the help of various capacities of language and the words in order to discover new and original notions. Despite many researches conducted, there are still some noteworthy frequently-used words in Persian literature that haven't yet been the subject of any research. Espand (or Wild Rue) is one of them. The present research is to study the evolutionary and developmental areas of meaning of the word since preliminary stages of Persian poetry, i.e. the third century, up to the present. The results reveal that Khorasani and Iraqi styles of poetry didn't have acceptable diversity of introducing new notions, and they were classified in some general motifs as averting a whammy, analogy for the nevus, analogy for the pupil of eye, etc. However, with the advent of Indian style and the rise of meticulously visionary poets, this word has been widely used in such a way that hundreds of lines could be obtained through the works composed in this style. In some way, this word occasionally has been used as substantive model. Despite emersion and exercise of this word in contemporary poetry, it doesn't vary significantly and are almost the same as in both Khorasani and Iraqi styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A reflection on allegory in the lyric poetry of Chenisernameh
Mohammad Jafar Parvin Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni mohamad hady khalg zadeChenisernameh is a lyric and semi-popular poetry in the minds of the Iranian people, imitating Khosrow and Shirin of Nizami in a thousand verses from the 11th century poet named Mr. Edraki Biglari. The subject of this fascinating and popular poetry is the story of Leila MoreChenisernameh is a lyric and semi-popular poetry in the minds of the Iranian people, imitating Khosrow and Shirin of Nizami in a thousand verses from the 11th century poet named Mr. Edraki Biglari. The subject of this fascinating and popular poetry is the story of Leila and Cheniser Shah along with very interesting and purposeful events. It was necessary to study, explore and adapt some of the dimensions of the mentioned works, that is, the considerable existence of allegory in this story, to further explore the horizon of thought of this poet. In this poetry, allegory is mystical and symbolic and the poet's attitude to this category is descriptive-analytical and a library with the aim of reminding the value and ability of allegory in expressing one or more mystical or moral concepts and explaining the desired result of this poet. In the poetry, he pursues a specific purpose and also identifies the lyrical story of Chenisernameh. According to the research questions and hypotheses, the reason for Biglari's perceptual tendency to the category of allegory in the lyric poetry of Chenisernameh is metaphorical, mystical and symbolic, but sometimes it is obligatory and that is when the poet can not express his intellectual concepts easily. In the field of stylistics, in a small number of verses, allegory is sometimes presented in the style of Indian allegorical ghazal, and more precisely, this is a Mathnawi poetry that the poet used both Khorasani and Iraqi styles to compose it during Indian periods, meaning that this ghazal is not an Indian style that the poet mentions in every verse in the first stanza of allegory or in the second stanza of allegory. Manuscript profile -
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10 - A Comparative Study of the roles of birds in Khosrow and Shirin, Leili and Majnoun
Hamid Ayaz Ahmad KhatemiSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed MoreSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed in all forms of nature cases in point are animals, human beings, plants, things, etc. This paper tries to answer the question that what the significations of the names of birds are in Khosrow and Shirin, and in Leili and Majnoun? How have each group of the birds been presented in these two works considering their symbolic meanings? And how to find if there is a relationship existing between their symbolic meanings? To find answers for the questions raised, first, these two works have been studied in detail, next the symbolic meanings behind the words and the figurative meanings extant in these two works have been demonstrated, then meanings with lyrical themes have been determined, and in the end, the comparison between the symbols and their meanings have been presented in Fig. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Complaint in Khaghani’s Poetry
Ali Asghar Baba Safari Marzieh Farahi Qasr AbunasrComplaint is a kind of lyric poetry in which the poet tries to make the reader aware of what has made him/her suffer. Based on the subject, complain is generally divided into five categories: 1) Personal 2) Social 3) philosophical 4) Political 5) Mystical. Khaghani is a MoreComplaint is a kind of lyric poetry in which the poet tries to make the reader aware of what has made him/her suffer. Based on the subject, complain is generally divided into five categories: 1) Personal 2) Social 3) philosophical 4) Political 5) Mystical. Khaghani is among the poets whose poetry is deeply concerened with the motif of grief and sadness. One can almost say for sure that complaining has a particular function in his poetry. Of his 17000 lines, almost 1000 lines (about 6%) of his whole Divan has been devoted to this issue. His poetry is not concerened with mystical complaint at all, and political complaint has the lowest frequency, while other issues are, in turn, divided into various other subdivisions. This paper is concerened with complaint and its reflection in Khaghani’s poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The ancient roots of lyric literature
mona Ahmadi Ahmad KhatamiLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roo MoreLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roots of lyric literature found in the literature before Islam or not ? if the answer is positive how is the amount and kind of enjoying the lyrical content of pre-Islamic literature ?To achieve a scientific answer , the first history of ancient Iran poems combining music explored through oral tradition of literature - khosravanyat , fahlavyat and issues raised in this kind of poetry - study and then with consideration in “Vis and Ramin” Fakhruddin As'd Gorgani and “Khosrow and Shirin” Nezami , the amount effectiveness of pre-Islamic Persian poet literature in the process evolution of lyric literature is shown. Manuscript profile -
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13 - Application of allegorical and symbolic concepts of dogs in epic, lyrical and mystical works Based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Khamseh Nezami and Rumi's Masnavi (Mouvlavi)
hamid ayaz Atefe TeamooriA symbol is an expressive trick that, instead of referring directly to a subject, expresses it indirectly through another subject or in an allegorical way. The symbol has always been a role model in the realm of literature. Symbols are part of the culture of a nation, a MoreA symbol is an expressive trick that, instead of referring directly to a subject, expresses it indirectly through another subject or in an allegorical way. The symbol has always been a role model in the realm of literature. Symbols are part of the culture of a nation, and in order to understand the myths of that nation, one must understand their meanings. Animals are examples that are associated with symbols.This research has been written by library method and analytical-comparative method and its aim is to study the symbolic and allegorical concepts of dog in epic, lyrical and mystical works (based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Nezami’s Khamseh (The Quintuplet) and Rumi's Masnavi) and wants to answer these questions: What is the attitude towards dogs in Avesta and Pahlavi texts? In what symbolic and allegorical terms is dog used in each of the studied works? Is there a correspondence between the symbolic and allegorical concept of dog in the studied works? Which concept has an epic theme, which one has a lyrical theme and which one has a mystical theme? Manuscript profile -
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14 - In the name of Allah the Merciful the Compassionate in the lyrical long poems of the Persian literature*
ahmad reza YalamehaLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral a MoreLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral and religious subjects, chanting etc….all have been collected in this literary form. One of the high frequency content In many of these long lyrical poems is the theme of In the name of Allah the Merciful and the Compassionate. This theme has been suggested, especially at the beginning of long lyrical poems. This paper attempts to study the use of this noble Quranic phrase in the works of the famous speakers and poets of the Persian language from point of view of consecration, the blessings, the help and the like, therefore, different long poems that begin with these words have been introduced. Manuscript profile -
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15 - The Concept of Examination and Trial in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin ''work of Nezami
Zahrasadat Mousavi Ahmad KhatamiIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of MoreIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of continuous programmes which are about human being and his function and behaviour. In this literary work; Nezami causes ''Khosrow'' and ''Shirin'' to be exposed to several examinations, such as love, separation, power and etc. This paper starts; with presentation of the background of examination and trial,. Then it goes by citing the history of examination and trial in Quran, and anecdotes of Innocents and philosophical texts dealing with the studying the examination and trials existing in literary work of ''Khosrow'' & Shirin''. And with purifying ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' story we study the present examination and trials. Ultimately, we, conclude that in this literary work (Khosrow & Shirin) , Nezami has purified their loves through examination and trial, Nezami fosters these two characters and purify their loves by changing their lustful loves to a heavenly and purely love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Sa'adi and Love aspects in human being life
Farideh Mohseni hanjaniSa'adi’s existence is full of love and the entire aspects of his existence have been affected. To his opinion, a human being who has born with this divine trust and have been excellent by this from the others. This love has been changed to a sensational love with MoreSa'adi’s existence is full of love and the entire aspects of his existence have been affected. To his opinion, a human being who has born with this divine trust and have been excellent by this from the others. This love has been changed to a sensational love with eternal experience of visit with the absolute beauty in physical world. This love has been known the base of human affairs and the other word is life making by Sa'adi. But this sensational love doesn't fulfill human's needs with all features and eternity worry of human from one side and being eternal of love from the other side causes that these two begin a path to the perfection and have been eternal with joining to the beauty perfection and sheer welfare. Accounting for, analyzing and classifying of this subjects together with samples of Sa'adi works is a goal of writer who has for presenting of this paper. Manuscript profile -
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17 - Frequency of complaint poems in Iraqi and Indian style
tayebeh alizadehReviewIn Persian literature, the widest semantic horizon is the horizon of lyrical poetry; Poems that express personal feelings and emotions. Lyrical poetry in Persian is presented in the form of lyric, Masnavi, quatrain, couplet and even ode, but the most important for MoreReviewIn Persian literature, the widest semantic horizon is the horizon of lyrical poetry; Poems that express personal feelings and emotions. Lyrical poetry in Persian is presented in the form of lyric, Masnavi, quatrain, couplet and even ode, but the most important format is lyric. There are many types of lyrical literature, and Beth al-Shukwa's poetry is one of them. Shokouyeh's poem is in fact a kind of revelation of inner sufferings and pains that afflicts the poet, although the poet expresses his sorrow in terms of the moods and mourning of the poems and the imprisonment of the poems. And in satires and satires, he shouts his anger and disgust towards the factors of his sorrow, but in the complaints, he complains by introducing these factors. "The importance of complaints is more in recognizing the spirits of their poets, because each complaint, in addition to revealing the unfavorable situation of the poet's life, also gives a clear picture of his ideal society." (Cerami 2008). Since there are many issues that cause human grief as well as complaints and grievances, it is difficult to classify them.However, in terms of content, complaints can be divided into 5 categories: 1- personal 2- philosophical, 3- social, 4- mystical, 5- political. Manuscript profile -
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18 - تحلیل احساسات در ادبیات غنایی و کارکرد آن در تقویت هوش هیجانی
مریم کرمیان جواد مهربان رضا اشرف زاده -
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19 - lyric literature
hasan bassakkjgscvhk gfhagdfagfkjgscvhk gfhagdfagf Manuscript profile -
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20 - A comparative study and comparison of love and its presence in the epic poems of Koushnameh and Bahmannameh
Maryam Aein Hamid Tabasi Nemat Esfahani OmranThe two epic poems Bahman Nameh and Kush Nameh are among the national epics that were organized after Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and following it in the late 5th and 6th centuries and played a significant role in completing the narratives and stories of the Shahnameh. By care MoreThe two epic poems Bahman Nameh and Kush Nameh are among the national epics that were organized after Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and following it in the late 5th and 6th centuries and played a significant role in completing the narratives and stories of the Shahnameh. By carefully and reflecting on these two works, one can understand the necessity of ordering and printing the works after the Shahnameh in keeping alive the Persian language and the stories of ancient Iran, which Iranshah bin Abi al-Khair, with all his love and devotion, devoted himself to order and compose it. In these two epic verses, on the occasion of many conflicts and grudges between the main characters of the story and their enemies, we are faced with numerous scenes of war and battle; So that the main characteristic in Bahman Nameh and Kush Nameh can be considered as the category of war and fighting, and the best descriptions in these two books can be considered specific to the battlefields. But in the midst of these epic stories, we come across lyrical and romantic scenes that are actually the meeting place of epic and poetry. These stories, while being epic, have the characteristics of Ghanaian stories. In this research, the author tries to investigate the love effects in these two verses by descriptive-comparative method. The results of the research indicate that these two poems are an epic poem. be; But the manifestations of love and romantic relationships can be seen everywhere in these two works. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Linguistic expressions emphasize and its rhetorical functions in the Hafez sonnets "By relying on the three senses of God, man and love"
ali ahmadnia abbasali vafaei alireza shabanluIn this descriptive-analytical method, this paper attempts to introduce the methods and functions of expressive emphasis in the discourse of Hafez's Ghazalat. Emphasis is one of the mechanisms of language that is created in different ways and in different ways and has v MoreIn this descriptive-analytical method, this paper attempts to introduce the methods and functions of expressive emphasis in the discourse of Hafez's Ghazalat. Emphasis is one of the mechanisms of language that is created in different ways and in different ways and has various rhetorical functions. Emphasizing the emphasis on the meaning of the text helps to better translate the thoughts and thoughts of the speaker. Emphasis is considered as one of the language mechanisms in the context of the "contingent role" and "emotional role" of the language. These roles, respectively, are "audience-focused" and "speaker-oriented" roles that seek to convey thoughts in the text to the audience and express the feelings of the speaker. Each language user uses specific methods to sharpen their words based on the idea and purpose of expressing a subject. Semantic spheres emphasized in the textual context of Hafez Ghazalat are limited to the three strands of "God, Man and Love," but unlike the limitations of these spheres, methods and expressions of emphasis in these poems are diverse and varied. Among these methods, types of repetitions, various methods of confinement and palace, the use of emphasis constraints, quandary and question sentences, imperfect verbs, high degree of certainty, pseudo-immemorial, action verbs, facial verbs, calligraphy, displacement Significant syntactic components of sentences, sentences and delayed vocabulary are more frequent than other methods. The findings of the research show that Hafez used the emphasis in two direct ways "addressed to a particular audience" and indirectly "without considering a particular audience"... Manuscript profile -
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22 - The analysis non- verbal communication in khosro&shirin poem
afsane oladi hosayn parsaeiIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non- MoreIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non-verbal communication and audience get only 30% of The messages through word and speech.Nezami amazingly communicates to audience by creating different concepts and contexts throught coherence and body language Researching in interdisiplinary and communication sciences, The auther investigates The non- verbal communications in khosrou& shirin poem in this article, and attempts to Show the messages that the poet wanted to convey to the readers via non-verbal communication.Nezami has created a dramatic and romantic atmosphere by using the non-verbal functions of sign language, action language and the language of objects.This paper analyzes these functions.The result of the studies shows that body movements and eye contacts play a greal and important role in Conveying messages and synesis in The Field of Communication.Key words: non-verbal communication, lyricliterature, Body language, Language functions, khosrou&shirin poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Sociology of lyrical literature in the poem "Laili and Majnoon" by Nizami Based on the views of Lukács, Bourdieu and Adorno
marayam zakeri Kamran Pashaie fakhri parvane adelzadeThe poem of Lili and Majnoon is especially important among Persian lyrical stories. It is important to examine it based on various types of criticism. One of the important types of criticism is sociological and theory-oriented criticism. Lukács, Pierre Bourdieu a MoreThe poem of Lili and Majnoon is especially important among Persian lyrical stories. It is important to examine it based on various types of criticism. One of the important types of criticism is sociological and theory-oriented criticism. Lukács, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodor Adorno have examined. The problem is the analysis of the lyrical content of the work based on mentalities, objectivity, social transformations, collective characteristics, theories of action, cultural differentiation and four capitals. The research method is descriptive-analytical, in this way, what and why are the sociological effects of lyrical literature, the lyrical characteristics and cultural geography of the said work separately and compared with each other, the nature of the lyrical literature born of this work, the type of vitality and The basis of the homogenous and contrasting lyrical actions of the characters in the stories, the cultural watershed, the cultural distinctions of the real society and the inner society of the story, re-examination and new findings were obtained, the findings show: the phenomena of the story are not monotonous to the objectivity, worldview, poet's mentalities. and the ideology of the social groups of the era of the emergence of the system that have shown themselves in the form of stories are related. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The study of the lyric components and its function in the poems of Banoogoshasbnameh
Roghieh Mehmandoost Kotler Batool Fakhr IslamIn the lyric works, using personal I (more) and social (less), the inner concerns of the owner of the work or creature's characters are narrated. The element of feeling in this literary form is especially important. Obviously, human emotions do not fit into a particular MoreIn the lyric works, using personal I (more) and social (less), the inner concerns of the owner of the work or creature's characters are narrated. The element of feeling in this literary form is especially important. Obviously, human emotions do not fit into a particular literary form, and they are more or less created in all works created. Epic texts are no exception to this rule. In epic narratives, we see the linkage of the inner issues of the characters with their exterior concerns. Each of the champions has human features and emotions and feelings are in the tune of their thoughts and speeches. Accordingly, in the present article, the frequent lyric components in the epic poem of Banoogoshasbname are investigated. It seems that the poet with mention of romantic adventures, descriptions, satire, prayers and supplications, demand, khayriyah-naraee, bastard and rebelliousness, and humor has visualized to abstract and mental concerns of the wizards by using element of affection caused to more believability of characters and placed the audience in it while reducing the violent nature of epic stories. Also, part of the ancient aristocratic rituals and customs of the ancient Iranian have been shown with the lyric topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Yazd’s literature and Art of Traditional Architecture
Mahmoud Sadegh Zade Sedigheh RamazankhaniLyric literature is the oldest form of poetry that singing is following your inner feelings and emotions. Features lyrical poetry, love, anger, fun, sorrow, pride and so is the main element of this kind of literary imagination. The material life of this world and its ly MoreLyric literature is the oldest form of poetry that singing is following your inner feelings and emotions. Features lyrical poetry, love, anger, fun, sorrow, pride and so is the main element of this kind of literary imagination. The material life of this world and its lyrical poet speaks. Meanwhile, one of the aspects of Iranian Identity, monuments and places to live beyond our means is a mason. One of the provinces where its historic architecture both in terms of appearance and functionality focuses inward, outward elements in Yazd province, which its monuments, its spiritual effects, such as beauty, joy, pleasure, pride, feel, experience, imagination etc. have deep ties. About the traditional architecture of the various funds published many books and articles, but less work has focused attention lyric literature in traditional structures. However, the only body makes magnificent monuments that captivates the viewer or themes that are also associated with traditional buildings and the viewer to see and feel every friends Who enjoys and that these themes are in what parts of the building manifesting itself? The journals and raw materials -style library and field collection and analytical way to examine the data presented in several historic buildings, the audience to understand most of the intangible force of monuments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigating the themes and mythological events related to the beloved in the lyric poetry of Weiss and Ramin
Paiman niknami Pouran Yousefipour Kermani Fatemeh Ghafouri Mehdiabad Myths are narrative patterns that spread in different ways according to the conditions of the society in different eras; Therefore, in addition to epic and religious texts, its works can also be seen in Ghanaian poems. The poem Weiss and Ramin by Fakhreddin Asad G More Myths are narrative patterns that spread in different ways according to the conditions of the society in different eras; Therefore, in addition to epic and religious texts, its works can also be seen in Ghanaian poems. The poem Weiss and Ramin by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani is full of mythological elements. In this research, the author tries to investigate the themes and mythological incidents related to the beloved in the descriptive-analytical way and the library tool, considering the features of adaptability, repetition and adding meaning in the process of the story, and to answer the question which of the themes Mythological characters have been able to appear in Weiss and Ramin, related to the beloved? And how have these themes been transformed according to the content and special structure of Weiss and Ramin's system? The results of the research indicate that in the narration and plot of the story of Weiss and Ramin or the pattern of events, there are mythological events and incidents such as ascension, descent, magic, virginity, the test of honor and marriage, and concepts that are connected with mythological beliefs and rituals and in the formation Events have played an effective role; Is mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Love and Affection Motif in Family Relationships in Rumi's Works
Ali Rahmanian Fatemeh Taslim jahromi Ahmad Amiri KhorasaniOne of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, MoreOne of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, children and upbringing, family life, parental rights, and so forth in both the doctrines and the rules and it has promoted the dignity of the family system. In his view, men and women are responsible for meeting each other's emotional needs. Love is the basis of family relationships, although the man is responsible for earning a living and paying attention to the welfare and upbringing of children, and housework, childbearing, and the upbringing and education of children are the responsibility of women. Rumi has also made connections between many family relationships and mystical concepts; For example, for him, marital life can be a symbol of the creation system and the relationship between man and God and the creation and maternal attachment of God. In his view, men and women complement each other. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with regard to the verses and hadiths about women and the family and analyzes the Rumi's theories about the family and its rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - تدقیق در بعض اصطلاحات موسیقی در شعر خاقانی
محمود سیدهندی -
Open Access Article
29 - تحلیل داستان غنایی مهتاب و کتان بر اساس تنها نسخة موجود آن در دانشگاه پنجاب پاکستان
مریم محمودی زینب السادات هاشمی -
Open Access Article
30 - سبک‌شناسی نشانه‌ها در مجموعۀ شعر «آخر شاهنامه» از اخوان ثالث
سارا شفیع زاده گروسی -
Open Access Article
31 - مرثیه اجتماعی در شعر معاصر(1357-1300 ه.ش)
علی اصغر باباصفری نرگس نصری -
Open Access Article
32 - بررسی و تحلیل «رمانتیسم جامعه‌گرا» در ادبیات غنایی (با تکیه و تأکید بر اشعار شهریار
حمیدرضا قانونی -
Open Access Article
33 - مقایسۀ تحلیلی مناجات‌های خمسۀ نظامی و امیرخسرو دهلوی
محمد امین محمدپور علی اصغر بابا صفری نرگس خانی -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی سیمای معشوق در شعر طاهربگ جاف
مسعود باوان پوری طیبه فدوی نرگس لرستانی -
Open Access Article
35 - کاربست رویکرد روانشناختی گوردون آلپورت بر سیر تطوّر و تحوّل «معشوق» در ادبیات کلاسیک فارسی
رضوان وطن خواه سید عباس شفتی -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigating the Enrichment Aspects of the Female Face in Iranian Home School Literature
nasrin jabbar khalaji bonab aziz hojjaji kahajoogh Arash MoshfeghiOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is importa MoreOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is important to examine the richness of the female form in the works of home school. The purpose of this research, which is a library-based study based on a descriptive-analytical approach, is to investigate the rich aspects of the female landscape in home school literature. Accordingly, 27 home school tales in which female enrichment is visible are selected and studied. The research findings show that the most frequently enriched aspect of the female face in home school literature is her praise of physical beauty. Love is also the main theme of the richness of the female image in romantic poems. Repentance, soliloquy, hypocrisy, humor, cheerfulness, and cursing are also aspects of the richness that make up the lesser richness of a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Love in the Bible with an emphasis on the views of Joseph Murphy and Ibn Arabi
mohammad Ali vosooghian najafabadi Mohammad Amiri aTAMAHAMMAD rADMANESHWe must look for the root of an important part of the lyrical literature of the Middle East in the heavenly books of the Old Testament and the New Testament. From the point of view of these books, God and love are equal and love has spread in every part of the universe. MoreWe must look for the root of an important part of the lyrical literature of the Middle East in the heavenly books of the Old Testament and the New Testament. From the point of view of these books, God and love are equal and love has spread in every part of the universe. In the early Islamic texts, love has existed in a balanced way as a two-way relationship between God and the servant. But the experience of love with such concentration which is initiated by God is taken from the Bible. It seems that by translating Greek texts into Arabic, He entered Arabic texts and consequently Persian. Ibn Arabi is one of the most influential Greek thinkers. It seems that his love is influenced by the ideas of ancient Greece. After the sixth century, the experience of love goes beyond even the Torah and the Bible in concentration and in Rumi's words, it turns into dangerous love. Ibn Arabi's influence does not mean he is fascinated and affectionate, rather, it is only to consider these ideas along with hundreds of other ideas. What is presented in this article has nothing to do with Asin Palacios's view of Ibn Arabi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Prayer in Sahifa Sajjadieh
Leila Moradi Seyed Mohammad AmiriConversation with an unseen force, which had long been of interest to the primitive man, became lawful with the Abrahamic religions and became a form of prayer. Prayer with God is one of the most valuable and important things in Islam, and has received a lot of attentio MoreConversation with an unseen force, which had long been of interest to the primitive man, became lawful with the Abrahamic religions and became a form of prayer. Prayer with God is one of the most valuable and important things in Islam, and has received a lot of attention in the texts related to the teachings of the Shari'a and the Sufi texts. One of the most important religious books in which, in addition to religious teachings, mystical and literary issues are discussed is the book of Sahifa Sajjadieh by Imam Sajjad (AS). This analytical-descriptive article examines the place of prayer in Sahifa Sajjadieh's book. The main axes of research are repentance, patience, gratitude, hope, holy fear, voluntary poverty, abnegation, dependence on God, love and unity of God. The results of the research show that Imam Sajjad (AS), who was full of feelings and emotions in the text of Sahifa Sajjadieh's book, paid more attention to approaches based on love and even considered love to be higher than kindness and believed that kindness is the prerequisite of attaining love. Imam (AS) also considers kindness to one’s self as the first stage of love, as the exact same prayers, functions, and supplications that exist in his prayers are realizations of love of self. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The function of the sign "Roses" in realistic thought of Parvin Etesami
Sakineh Abbasi ruhallah HashemiOne of the contemporary poets in Iran is Parvin-Etasami. Her poems are known for discussing and confronting the language and attitudes of female literature (female). Her thoughts of illness have entered the world of nature, but not for pleasure or comfort, but for the i MoreOne of the contemporary poets in Iran is Parvin-Etasami. Her poems are known for discussing and confronting the language and attitudes of female literature (female). Her thoughts of illness have entered the world of nature, but not for pleasure or comfort, but for the important conclusion that whispers of the components of nature, especially plants, reflect the "short life of humankind. In this article, the descriptive analytical method of all narrative poems in which the poet uses the sign of a rose is studied, in order to analyze the type of poet's view of his position as a woman in Persian literature. The result of this study indicates that the role of different roles in these samples is characteristic and in the Parvin poems collection generally reflects a specific type of female realism in Persian lyrical literature, which, unlike the norms Tradition is the richness and mythology of Iranian folk and is one of the first signs of modernism. In other words, in this particular view, the position of "woman" as "beloved" is not related to love and beauty and holiness, but rather to its material nature in the community of "unstable youth". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Stylistic Comparison of Satire in Sanaei, Jamal-Din Abdul Razzaq and Anvari’s Poetry
Heshmatollah Ansari Mariam Jafari Gholamabbas ZakeriOne of the types of lyrical literature that has a high frequency in most works of Persian poets is "satire". Examining the stylistic features of this literary genre can play an important role in entering the world of poets' minds and recognizing their thoughts, emotions MoreOne of the types of lyrical literature that has a high frequency in most works of Persian poets is "satire". Examining the stylistic features of this literary genre can play an important role in entering the world of poets' minds and recognizing their thoughts, emotions and approaches. In this article, we have tried to examine the satires of Sanaie, Anvari and Jamal al-Din, who are all three famous poets of the 12th century and Saljuqi style, in three areas of language, literature and thought, based on social and cultural themes. In this research, selected methods of using prosodic weights, imaginary forms, poetic forms, ideology and words; Includes: the use of animal letters in satire, the use of minor construction, hidden and overt satires, the use of taboo words and also the use of Quranic verses in satire, hidden and overt satires, personal and social in the poems of these three poets. The results show that Jamal al-Din's language is more chaste in satire than Sanaie and Anvari; But Sanaie and Anvari's satires in compare of Jamal al-Din have a sharp, biting and insulting language. Using their poetic art and their surroundings on the situation of the society of their time, these three poets have portrayed many of the corruptions and social anomalies of the era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Effects of lyrical literature in single verses of Indian style
Nafise Nasiri Alireza Fouladi Morteza RashidiThe unique content creation and all-embracing imagination of Indian-style poets have created a variety of thematic contexts in their works, and these thematic contexts have been reflected in the mirror of their poems in different ways. That era’s political, social MoreThe unique content creation and all-embracing imagination of Indian-style poets have created a variety of thematic contexts in their works, and these thematic contexts have been reflected in the mirror of their poems in different ways. That era’s political, social, cultural, and even religious structures, broadened the poets’ horizons and led the personal feelings, and inner emotions of poets with heartwarming thoughts to be reflected in different subjects in poems of this era and a collection of different lyrical literature emerged in their works. On the other hand, single-couplet is a form of stating these subjects. The poets’ books during this era are the most extensive collections in which ethical, spiritual, love-making, religious, teaching, and social issues with novel and new content show off in a short form of single-couplets and generally, the frequency of lyrical literature is more significant in this form compared to different literary forms. This article has addressed the lyrical aspect of Indian-style’s single-couplets and the variety of lyrical contents and has studied variables such as love, mysticism, pomposity, grievance, threnody, humor, patriotism, mystery, etc. in the poems of this era. The present research results show that virtual love, mysticism terminology, pomposity, and patriotism have the most frequency. The present research method is based on description and analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The First Knowledge of the Folk Songs’ Rhythm in the Works of Farabi and Avicenna
mohammadamin mohammadpour Ali Asghar Babasafari Gholamreza SotodehIn the contemporary period, many scholars have recognized the rhythm of folk songs. The rhythm of Persian folk songs is temporal and temporal rhythm, so that the metrical accents are placed on long or heavy syllables, and these weights are divided into two categories: l MoreIn the contemporary period, many scholars have recognized the rhythm of folk songs. The rhythm of Persian folk songs is temporal and temporal rhythm, so that the metrical accents are placed on long or heavy syllables, and these weights are divided into two categories: linguistic rhythm (vocal) and temporal rhythm. Linguistic rhythm is mostly based on the characteristics of the chained language of the tongue, such as leaning, stretching, and melody. Multiplication and rhythm support and the like are also used. This research seeks to answer the question whether before the results of recent research, in the works of Farabi and Avicenna, the principles of rhythm have been mentioned as modern achievements? Therefore, we have explored the topic of discussion by describing and analyzing the form and content, and various sources have been studied. Farabi and Avicenna are also the first scholars in the field of folk song rhythm to describe the rhythm of folk songs by using the terms of their period about rhythm. Farabi also gains the rhythm of poetry by comparing it with rhythms in music. Avicenna considers poetry to be a word composed of letters that includes everything that can be heard through sound, even movements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigation and Analysis of Different Complaint Genre in Nizami Ganjavi Works
Parvaneh Safa Enayatollah Sharifpour Maryam JafariA Complaint is one of the genres of lyrical literature that is the main purpose of the current study. This literary genre in the term is a poem that expresses the personal pains, sufferings, and troubles of the poet. In this article, to influence the social situation on MoreA Complaint is one of the genres of lyrical literature that is the main purpose of the current study. This literary genre in the term is a poem that expresses the personal pains, sufferings, and troubles of the poet. In this article, to influence the social situation on the formation of literary genres in a particular period and use the method of content analysis and the use of library resources, various complaints of Nizami works are extracted and analyzed. This kind of lyrical literature can be seen in the works of poets from the beginning of the formation of Persian poetry; But the political developments and instability of Iran in the fifth and 12th centuries, caused the poetry of Complaint to be used more frequently in the works of poets of this period, including Hakim Nizami. It is worth mentioning that the contentment of anticipation and non-dependence on the court did not prevent the poet of Ganjeh land from praising her sufferings as the eloquent language of the people of her time. The complaints used in the works of the poet Ganjeh land are divided into five categories in terms of content: personal, social, political, philosophical, and mystical complaints, in which personal complaints are more frequent than other complaints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Assessment and Analysis of Lyrical Contents in Khales’s Poetry
Jihad.rashid@su.edu.krd Shukri RashidLyric literature is one of the literary genres that have a high position with different shapes in Kurdish literature. Khales is a famous Kurdish poet who wrote great Persian poems. His poems are full of analytical notions from literary and linguistics views which are ti MoreLyric literature is one of the literary genres that have a high position with different shapes in Kurdish literature. Khales is a famous Kurdish poet who wrote great Persian poems. His poems are full of analytical notions from literary and linguistics views which are till now have not been given that importance. The purpose of this paper is to revise, analyze and introduce the core of this kind of poem (the lyric poem core) of Khales. The writer of this research attempts to show in an analytical-descriptive method depending on a librarian procedure that Khales’s poems were an immense chain of lyric poems that included in its core his soft and romantic feelings in a way that he dealt with any kind of humans feeling in this soft effective way. As in Diwan of Khales, most lyrical themes and concepts such as love, mysticism, description, praise, lamentation, debate, satire, and boasting can be observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - نامه‌های عاشقانه در مشهورترین منظومه‌های غنایی ادب فارسی
سمانه جعفری -
Open Access Article
46 - مقایسه تحلیلی هجو در شعر سنایی غزنوی، جمال‌الدین عبدالرزاق اصفهانی و خاقانی شروانی
علی اصغر باباصفری حشمت الله انصاری -
Open Access Article
47 - خیام و رابرت گریوز، دو بیگانۀ آشنا
هلن اولیایی نیا -
Open Access Article
48 - جلوۀ باورهای اساطیری آتش در خسرو و شیرین نظامی گنجوی
سعید خیرخواه -
Open Access Article
49 - مروری بر تاریخچة ادبیات غنایی در ایران
فرشته ناصری -
Open Access Article
50 - غزل سعدی و حافظ
محمد فشارکی -
Open Access Article
51 - Introduction and analysis of the unknown system of Mavadat nameh
mahdieh valiMasnavi Mudat-nameh is one of the narrative stories written by a poet named Mir Muhammad Ismail bin Yusuf Abjadi, one of the 11th century Persian poets of India, in response to Khosrow and Shirin Nizami. This masnavi has never achieved the military Khumsah; However, the MoreMasnavi Mudat-nameh is one of the narrative stories written by a poet named Mir Muhammad Ismail bin Yusuf Abjadi, one of the 11th century Persian poets of India, in response to Khosrow and Shirin Nizami. This masnavi has never achieved the military Khumsah; However, the simplicity of the language, the fluency of the words, the attention to the meaning and theme, the use of literary arrays in moderation and the proper structure and texture of the words, have made the Masnavi of Maudt-nameh easy and understandable for the audience. Examining the unique manuscript of the work showed that the composer, in addition to paying attention to the appearance of the words, was not oblivious to the meaning and theme, and considered both verbal and meaningful aspects; Therefore, his poem is not one-dimensional and has linguistic, literary, semantic, etc. value. Since this system has remained unknown until now, the author decided to investigate and analyze the content and style of the work while introducing this work in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - .
roya dehghani احمدرضا یلمه ها -
Open Access Article
53 - .The position of news and composition in transmission of educational ideas in Nizami’s "Khosrow and Shirin"
SeyedeMaryam Rozatiyan Farzane Amirpour Hosein AghahoseiniHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the MoreHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the means of rhetoric devices especially semantics effectively. This great poet by use of rhetoric devices and its appropriate tools like declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in an effective way has managed to convey moral concepts and teach them to his readers. Furthermore, in this way the role of readers become more dominant in the texts. The present paper tries to investigate this subject and its effect on conveying educational thoughts of poet in a lyrical text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - .
Maryam Karimian Javad Mehraban Ghezel Hesar Reza Ashrafzadeh -
Open Access Article
55 - Some Mythical Elements in Homāy o Homāyun
Monā Ahmadi Ahmad KhātamiKhajuye Kermani is one of the most prominent poets of Persian literature whose beautiful tone and his delightful words have a great deal of attraction. One of his charming books is Homāy o Homāyun that in its composing, the poet follows the style of Nizami Ganjavi. Duri MoreKhajuye Kermani is one of the most prominent poets of Persian literature whose beautiful tone and his delightful words have a great deal of attraction. One of his charming books is Homāy o Homāyun that in its composing, the poet follows the style of Nizami Ganjavi. During composing any romantic story, Khajuye Kermani refers to myths, as the cultural backbone of a nation, and in this way, takes an effective step in preserving Iranian culture and civilization. By using the analytic-comparative method, in the present article, the attempt is made to compare some mythological points in Homāy o Homāyun with the myths of Mesopotamia, India, China and Greece. Thus, it becomes clear which myths have been mostly used by Khajuye Kermani. The results of the research show that among the lyrical poets, Khajuye Kermani, after Nizami Ganjavi, gets the most use from myths, especially in Homāy o Homāyun. Also, among the various types of myths, myths related to supernatural forces and creatures, mythical rituals, mythical places, cosmic creation and diabolical creation are most commonly used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Comparison of symbolic concepts of lion in epic, lyric, and mystic works
hamid ayaz soheala moosavi sirjaniSymbols are part of a culture of a nation and for better understanding of the myths of each nation their concepts should be comprehended. Symbol is a mark, hint, or a word which imparts a message sometimes appropriate to the surface meaning and at times beyond its MoreSymbols are part of a culture of a nation and for better understanding of the myths of each nation their concepts should be comprehended. Symbol is a mark, hint, or a word which imparts a message sometimes appropriate to the surface meaning and at times beyond its apparent sense. Animals, plants, people, and objects are true examples in connection with symbols. This research deals with the study of symbolic concepts of lion in epic, lyric, and mystic masterpieces namely Shahnameh, Kamsa of Nezami and Masnavi respectively using the library method and analytic comparative approach. First, the all encompassing view of lion from Avesta and Pahlavi texts are provided next, the symbolic concepts of this majestic creature in the above genres are stated and towards the end of each section the degree of correspondence of symbolic concepts in each work, the frequency of the name of the beast and the percentage of the symbolic concept of lion employed is determined for every work. The result obtained from this study shows that lion is the most employed beast as far as repetition of its name is concerned (1487 times) and second to horse is the most employed beast for the number of symbolic concepts used (19 concepts). Lion’s four symbolic concepts such as bravery, might, predatory, and rage in three works consist 21% correspondence. Six characteristics such as massiveness, agility, being tyrannical, and rancorous, immensity, and faithfulness correspond to 31.5 % in two works and nine features 47.5% is observed in one three works. Also 47.5% of concepts belong to epic domain, 10.5% in lyric domain, and 42.5% concepts fall into mystic domain. Manuscript profile
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