Regulations

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model of the privatization of sports venues and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on the implementation of Article 88 of the Law on Government Financial Regulations)
Gholamhasan Rahmannia Seddigheh Tootian Isfahani Gholamreza Hashemzade khorasegani

Objective: The purpose of the research is to analyze the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model for the privatization of sports facilities and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on More

Objective: The purpose of the research is to analyze the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model for the privatization of sports facilities and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on the implementation of Article 88 of the Government Financial Regulations). Methods: This research is practical and has been done quantitatively. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the employees of the general sports and youth departments of the northern provinces of the country, numbering 420 people. The content and form validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of related university expert professors and a number of managers in the executive field of sports. Then, through Cronbach's alpha method, its reliability or internal consistency was calculated and confirmed with software (SPSS). Then, the reliability and validity of the structure was checked and confirmed in the steps reported in the findings section using Lisrel software. Structural-interpretive modeling method was also used. Results: The model fit indices of the suitability of the model for measuring strategic factors in the design of the model for the privatization of sports venues and spaces with the RMSEA value of 0.045, and considering that it is less than 0.1, it indicates the mean squared errors of the model. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is less than 3. The GFI, AGFI and NFI indices are equal to 0.94, 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the matters that can be assigned should be in accordance with the ability and level of readiness of the private sector in voluntary participation, and the government should provide conditions that encourage the private sector to accept responsibility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The impact of environmental regulations and financial restrictions on the technological innovation of companies
Hossein Rostamkhani Dawood Tabarsa Javad Moradi

Objective: Compliance with environmental regulations and financial resources are very important for the survival of companies. On the other hand, in the competitive market, it is vital to pay attention to technological innovation in companies. Therefore, the purpose of More

Objective: Compliance with environmental regulations and financial resources are very important for the survival of companies. On the other hand, in the competitive market, it is vital to pay attention to technological innovation in companies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of environmental regulations and financial restrictions on technological innovation in companies. Methodology: This research is practical in terms of purpose. It is also among post-event studies. To select a statistical sample using the screening method, 124 companies were selected from among the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2018- 2022. For data analysis, multivariate regression model was used by Eviuse software. Results: The obtained results showed that environmental regulations and financial restrictions have an inverse and direct relationship with technological innovation in companies, respectively. In other words, the more companies comply with environmental regulations and financial restrictions, the less technological innovation happens in those companies. Innovation: In today's era, attention to technological innovation in companies can be considered as an important and influential variable. Therefore, the innovation aspect of this research is that there has been no research on the relationship between environmental regulations and financial restrictions with technological innovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluating the possibility of harmonizing the regulations governing electronic contracts with international regulations.
elahe ekrami SHOKROLAH NIKVAND

10.30495/jlap.2023.21853

In some articles of the electronic commerce law, rights and obligations for the buyer and the seller are considered, which are different from the articles of the civil law in this case. According to Article 33, the seller must state her identity and brand name, address, More

In some articles of the electronic commerce law, rights and obligations for the buyer and the seller are considered, which are different from the articles of the civil law in this case. According to Article 33, the seller must state her identity and brand name, address, e-mail address, validity period of the offer and terms of cancellation in her offer, while according to the civil law, none of these cases are the responsibility of the seller. The purpose of this research is to investigate these differences and their causes, weak points or strength, and how to combine laws in some cases. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical, and method of collecting information is library. Considering the non-personality and additional nature of electronic contracts and the possibility of their internationality, the law of electronic commerce has been prepared by adapting the international model laws in order to unify the regulations and harmonize most of the countries. Based on this, despite the terms of termination in these contracts, there is no place to invoke the civil law termination cases. Also, electronic documents such as normal and official documents are recognized as valid. It is appropriate for the judiciary to step in this direction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Identification and Analysis of Legal and Medical Laws and Regulations of Surrogacy
hosein jalali

10.30495/jhm.2022.69026.11061

Introduction: In today's world, due to the unhealthiness of the environment and the prevalence of infertility, the issue of surrogacy has become common among many societies, and it is important to deal with the laws and regulations in this area. Therefore, the main purp More

Introduction: In today's world, due to the unhealthiness of the environment and the prevalence of infertility, the issue of surrogacy has become common among many societies, and it is important to deal with the laws and regulations in this area. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the legal and medical laws and regulations of surrogacy.Methods: The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). To carry out this research, the method of document study was used, 30 articles were selected from 506 articles, and finally, using the technique of content analysis with MAXQDA12 software, it was used to identify and analyze legal and medical laws and regulations. The statistical population in this research was all experts in the fields of law and medicine with high experience and work experience in the field of surrogacy, which was done after conducting 15 theoretical saturation interviews. The interviews lasted between 75 and 120 minutes. Finally, the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes are extracted and in the quantitative part to determine the importance of using legal and medical laws and regulations from the T-Tech method, a sample with a statistical population of 30 people 15 experts and 15 families (8 renter families and 7 renter's wife) is used.Results: In this research, about 30 articles were examined, 12 Persian articles and 18 English articles, in the method of thematic analysis using basic, organizing and comprehensive themes, 46 indicators of 4 categories and 2 dimensions in two sections of legal laws and regulations. And medicine were identified separately.Conclusion: The results showed that the legal rules and regulations include official (laws and regulations related to the constitution and jurisprudence) and customary (laws and regulations related to the lessor and lessee) and medical laws and regulations including related to the lessor of the uterus. And was a renter, and finally in the quantitative part it was also determined that all laws and regulations are of high importance, especially legal laws and regulations with an average of 4.2 are more important than medical laws and regulations with 3.9. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The four areas of the environment and the challenges of ownership and property rights
Masoud Mansour Iraj Hosseini Sadr Abadi Dariush Karimi

10.30495/jrnr.2023.70047.10268

According to the law of hunting and fishing, the law of protection and improvement of the environment, and the conventions and regulations of the IUCN, some parts of the country are classified as four environmental areas (national parks, national natural monuments, prot More

According to the law of hunting and fishing, the law of protection and improvement of the environment, and the conventions and regulations of the IUCN, some parts of the country are classified as four environmental areas (national parks, national natural monuments, protected areas, and wildlife refuges). By the end of 2021, a total of 309 areas with 18.9 million hectares, equivalent to 11.5% of the country's area, have been approved as four areas, which can be considered in the field of public ownership (Anfal), government, private or a combination of them and be exploited with a specific use. While examining the effect of determining the four regions on the ownership and its documents, the ownership rights and exploitation, the adequacy or inadequacy of the existing regulations that need to be amended or supplemented to the system has been investigated. The relevant executives should follow up their approval process through the Islamic Council or the Board of Ministers, it is suggested as follows:- Adding two notes to articles 2 to 5 and one note to article 12 of the Executive Regulations of the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law.- Adding a note to Article 6 of the aforementioned law.- Adding a note to Article 9 of Hadnagar Law.- Amendment of Note 4, Article 31 of the Law on Protection and Exploitation of Forests and Ranges.The result shows that if these suggestions are applied, the ambiguities and challenges related to obtaining the ownership documents of natural resources located in the four regions and the system of its exploitation along with the problems between the two organizations of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources and Watershed Management regarding judicial and administrative measures, especially issues related to damages caused by public and construction projects in the mentioned areas, will be resolved Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Sociological study of the role of socio-cultural factors on political participation of young people in Tabriz city in 1396
REZA Khodabakhsh مهرداد نوابخش Alireza Kaldi Parvin Savadian

10.30495/jisds.2022.64188.11638

 The institution of the family is affected by development programs; large-scale problems arise for thefamily if government interventions in family-related matters are not regulated. Attention and support of thecommunity Strengthening the family institution can be a More

 The institution of the family is affected by development programs; large-scale problems arise for thefamily if government interventions in family-related matters are not regulated. Attention and support of thecommunity Strengthening the family institution can be an effective factor in the success of the country'sdevelopment programs in all areas. The aim of this article is "sociological analysis of the factors affecting theimplementation of the sixth five-year development plans in the field of family institution." The research methodof the present study is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population hasbeen experts in the field of development programs and the family. Using targeted sampling method and snowballand then the quota of 384 people was selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researchermade questionnaire and the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS22software, Lisrel structural equation modeling software. In the findings section, according to Pearson test, it wasshown that there is a significant relationship between political, managerial, organizational, legal and technicalfactors with the realization of family plans. Also, using the structural equation model of managerial factors(0.78), technical factors (0.69), cultural factors (0.63), environmental factors (0.44), political factors (0.37) onthe realization of programs The family is influential.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The feasibility of designing and renovating design environments in the national building regulations based on the LEED Governorate
atlas fakoor vahid ghobadiyan

Climate change in the world, which has been linked to the rise in human activities, has caused alarming environmental pollution in the world to spark the future for human life. The interactions between climate and architecture in order to achieve the goal of reducing en More

Climate change in the world, which has been linked to the rise in human activities, has caused alarming environmental pollution in the world to spark the future for human life. The interactions between climate and architecture in order to achieve the goal of reducing environmental pollution by reducing energy consumption and modeling green buildings and sustainability in architecture is one of the major goals of this issue. The precision of micro and macro scale location, as well as the respect and care of the local features of plants and living organisms, is also the coordination and consistency of the development of designs with the native features of the area of the most important rocks of the colonial green. This research tries to rank it in Leed standard according to the rules of national regulations of Iran with an analytical and comparative comparative method based on sndand studies and library researches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and providing solutions to reduce it
hanihe hashemvand Maraym Ilanloo ali ghasemi

Background and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, r More

Background and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, river destruction, draining sewage and garbage, digging wells, etc. Several factors, including inappropriate laws, the weakness of the executive system, and the problems of the judicial system, have played a major role in the occurrence of these problems. The purpose of the research is to investigate the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and the solutions to reduce it. Material and Methodology: This research is considered as descriptive-analytical research because we get new findings. Since it deals with determining and identifying the environmental problems of not respecting the boundaries of rivers, it is considered to be of an applied type. The data collection method is a library. In order to collect information, by referring to the relevant organizations, including the Ministry of Energy, Water and Soil Resources, the necessary information related to the boundaries of rivers was collected in the years 1380 to 1400. Part of the information of satellite and aerial images has been obtained. Findings: The results of the research show that the incomplete implementation of the law on fair distribution of water and the relevant regulations, the multiple management of the river bed and the boundaries, the existence of legal loopholes, the lack of ownership documents for the river bed, and ineffective water proceedings against the trespassers have caused this public wealth of Jolangah. be invaded and occupied. Discussion and Conclusion: The most important result of this research is that one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of floods and inundation is the non-observance of river boundaries in different regions of the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Noise Pollution in Iran and the World
Farhad Dabiri Parvin Nasiri Nooshin Ahanrobay

Noise Pollution is one of the current problems in large cities such as Tehran, which has harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health in the society. Some countries have adopted legal measures to control and eliminate the noise pollution. Since, there is More

Noise Pollution is one of the current problems in large cities such as Tehran, which has harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health in the society. Some countries have adopted legal measures to control and eliminate the noise pollution. Since, there is no conducted research relating to the legal status of noise pollution in Iran, a comparative analysis of the rules and regulations of Iran and a few selected countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings in order to control the pollution in Iran and Tehran. This paper is aimed at identifying the above-mentioned defects through studying the legal status of noise pollution in Iran which has been compared to a few other countries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Positioning waste management laws in comparison with France's laws and utilizing the Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) matrix
Jafar Nouri Seyed Abbas Pourhashemi Reza Arjmandi Fatemeh Alimardani

Introduction:In this study, a comparative analysis has been made between the environmental laws and regulationsrelated to waste in Iran (as a developing country) and France (as a developed country) to presentmanagement solutions using three models of QSPM, SPACE and SWO More

Introduction:In this study, a comparative analysis has been made between the environmental laws and regulationsrelated to waste in Iran (as a developing country) and France (as a developed country) to presentmanagement solutions using three models of QSPM, SPACE and SWOT.Materials and Methods:In the present study, the two systems were initially identified, assessed and analyzed by comparativeanalysis, and after the completion of related questionnaires by some of the professors and experts ofEnvironment and Energy Faculty, the data were normalized. Then the superior strategies of SWOTwere identified by the QSPM model and employed in presenting management solutions.Results and Discussion:Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) matrix showed that Iran laws were in a defensiveposition and this means that the internal weaknesses must be rectified and the external threats must beavoided. For the effectiveness of management solutions for reducing adverse effects of waste,rectification of the following legal issues should be given priority: enacting Environmental NationalPolicy law, establishing an environmental special commission in the country’s parliament,establishing special courts for environmental crimes, employing Justice Ministry official experts toaccelerate the settlement of environmental records, amending the law enforcement procedures,motivating and supporting the private sector in recycling the waste from laboratories and hospitals,expediting the preparation of a list of special wastes and providing the necessary legal facilities forreducing the volume of special wastes, and enacting binding legislations for application of up-to-datestandards and environmentally friendly technologies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigation on Regulations and Commitments of the Climate Change Convention and Assessment of their Implementation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Farideh Atabi Mehrdad Nazemi Amir Abbas Sedighi Narmin Tavakoli

Climate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Cha More

Climate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Change (UNFCCC) to maintain the current concentration levels of the green house gases in the atmosphere in order to minimize the anthropogenic impacts on the climate. The convention has envisioned common but different responsibilities for all parties. Iran is also a party to the Convention and has developed the Empowerment Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran to meet its commitments with financial support of the Global Environmental Facilities (GEF) and the UNDP Office located in the Department of the Environment in Iran. In the present study, after reviewing climate change and green house phenomenon, the steps to form the UNFCCC, its goals and the commitments of member countries towards the Convention as well as its status in Iran, have been investigate. Although Iran has honored most of its commitments, the major drawbacks are weak regulations, lack of research and mismanagement of activities. The inadequate coordination amongst different sections of Iran and ineffective environmental laws are the major challenges to the implementation of the Climate Change Convention in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigating the effectiveness of laws and regulations governing air pollution in Iran
Daryoush Karimi Negin Mousavi Madani

10.22034/jest.2017.10758

Air pollution in the national and international levels, have adverse effects on human and natural environment. Technology development and urbanization, consequently, have led to increase of a wide variety of pollutants in the air. Being harmful to public health and the More

Air pollution in the national and international levels, have adverse effects on human and natural environment. Technology development and urbanization, consequently, have led to increase of a wide variety of pollutants in the air. Being harmful to public health and the environment, they have raised the concerns of authorities to take specific measures to prevent contamination of air and environmental degradation. In recent years, in Iran especially in major cities, such pollution has increased significantly and it has caused irreparable damage to the health of individuals and the quality of properties. It seems that laws and regulations are somewhat sufficient to meet air pollution in Iran. In fact the problem of continuity of air pollution is not due to laws and regulations, but the law enforcers who are not doing their duties properly are the main problem. On the other hand, since the possibility of compensation for damage caused by air pollution, because of its nature and characteristic, is somehow low, much of this damage remains uncompensated. However, there are still some solutions to effectiveness of laws and regulations for air pollution, at the local level. Thus thispaper attempts to addressair pollution in metropolises of Iran in terms of effective laws and regulations and also to introduce applicable methods in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Noise Pollution in Iran and Some Asian Countries.
Farhad Dabiri Parvin Nassiri Noushin Ahan Robaee

Generally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey More

Generally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey, and Japan have adopted legal measures tocontrol and eliminate the noise pollution Since, the Iranian legal system in the area of noise pollutionsuffers insufficiencies and problems, a comparative analysis of the laws and regulations of Iran and afew selected Asian countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings as to the control of thepollution in Iran and Tehran. This paper is aimed at identifying the above-mentioned defects throughstudying the legal status of noise pollution in Iran as compared to a few other Asian countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Investigating the Barriers to Promoting the Academic Rank of Women Academic Membership in Public Universities
javad sadeqi jafari fateme malekloo

The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles to obtaining the necessary points to promote the academic rank of women faculty members in the framework of the "Regulations for the promotion of the academic rank of faculty members." The research method is de More

The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles to obtaining the necessary points to promote the academic rank of women faculty members in the framework of the "Regulations for the promotion of the academic rank of faculty members." The research method is descriptive survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 30 items. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This coefficient was obtained as 0.91 for the whole scale. The statistical sample includes  71 women faculty members of state universities. For this purpose, 6 main universities were selected and by collecting the email address of the target community, an online questionnaire was sent in Google Form and data was collected. Data analysis showed that female academics placed the challenges of obtaining "executive activities" points in the first rank and the "research activities" points in the second rank. The challenges of earning points in the "cultural" and "educational" duties of the faculty member are of third importance. On the other hand, the two variables "family issues" and "organizational issues" at the same level, prevent the necessary points from obtaining the necessary points of the four axes of the bylaw, and with a large distance from these two variables, there are "individual and personality" factors of women. In this article, it is concluded that women with real obstacles due to engaging in family roles and mainly cultural characteristics of the university organization in an unequal competition with men in order to obtain the necessary points provided in the promotion regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Presenting a model of factors affecting social unrest and its effect on observing behavioral norms in stadiums
Masoud Naderian jahromi Elham Akhavan

10.30486/4s.2022.1950746.1014

Objective: In order to provide a comprehensive and coherent view of social turmoil, the purpose of this study was to design a multilevel model of social turmoil and its effect on the observance of behavioral norms in stadiums.Methodology: The research was applied in ter More

Objective: In order to provide a comprehensive and coherent view of social turmoil, the purpose of this study was to design a multilevel model of social turmoil and its effect on the observance of behavioral norms in stadiums.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the first part included existing and available research in valid scientific databases in the field of social turmoil and in the second part was the spectators and managers of football clubs in 1398. Sampling was performed by purposive and available methods. The identification of the desired factors was done by meta-combination method and determining the relationships between them with the help of interpretive structural modeling.Results: The results showed social turmoil at four social levels (global developments and cultural transition, lack of justice in resource distribution, culture industry and lack of agreement on the fundamental values of society), organizational level (base incompatibilities, functional inconsistency of community institutions, non-legislative Necessary and weak (lack of necessary structures), group (ethnicity and sports teams, politicians entering the field of sports, informal groups) and individual level (personal characteristics, family history, lack of self-management, internal and external motivation, economic poverty) was classified. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between the two variables of feeling social turmoil and the degree of observance of spectator behavioral normsConclusion: Managers of clubs and stadiums should consider legal facilities for sports spectators as good citizens. The People's Police should be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and the necessary preparations should be made for each match by the officials, and they should make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards.Considering the results of the research which showed that the more control and the possibility of punishment for the norm-breakers, the more the development of the principles of fair play increases and the more the beauty of the sport and its enjoyment, so it is suggested that Sports clubs should be organized in a systematic manner and have a serious and effective participation in the development of a moral charter in accordance with the cultural conditions of Iranian society. It is also suggested that spectator rights in sports environments, both before and during competitions, in which the behavioral, verbal and behavioral indicators of officials and police with spectators are precisely defined and to train it through training sessions. Hold public events and workshops. It is suggested that during a systematic and continuous process, good and law-abiding spectators be identified and encouraged through the fan club, and that the managers of clubs and stadiums consider facilities for sports spectators as good citizens according to the law. It is suggested that the People's Police be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and that the necessary preparations be made for each match by the officials, and that they make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards. Win-lose thoughts are not encouraged as much as possible by coaches, managers and players, and the nature of sports participation and enjoyment of the match is promoted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The effect of the thermal conductivity coefficients of building materials according to different sources on the thermal load and carbon dioxide emissions of the building
Syed Esmaeil Sadati Hadi Kargar Sharifabad Nader Rahbar Abdollah Khalesi Doost

Energy saving is one of the challenges of today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of energy consumption and global warming has doubled the importance of this issue. Meanwhile energy consumption in construction sector is so high that savi More

Energy saving is one of the challenges of today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of energy consumption and global warming has doubled the importance of this issue. Meanwhile energy consumption in construction sector is so high that saving even as little as possible in this section will have significant effect on efficiency rate of no renewable sources. Accurate measurement of thermal conductivity has an important role in determining the calculations of cooling and heating loads of buildings according to different climates. Considering multiple relevant parameters in energy consumption with no application of simulating tools cannot permit reasonable decisions on designing building parts. In this research, the annual energy consumption of an office building located in the climate of Yazd city has been simulated and compared by Design Builder. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Land Use and the Efficiency of Transportation Laws with Regard to Air Pollution in Tehran Metropolitan Area
Vahid Moshfeghi Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini Mitra Habibi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Islamic management strategies to curb government corruption in Iran
Babak Bahadori Hoseinali Bahramzadeh

Management organization and community value-based approach to a system that identity and legitimacy of their ideology is very important. investigated corruption in different aspects and different strategies for the prevention and control of it is presented In Iran has s More

Management organization and community value-based approach to a system that identity and legitimacy of their ideology is very important. investigated corruption in different aspects and different strategies for the prevention and control of it is presented In Iran has so far, But in studies, there is not mention a brief overview of the general legal guidelines, including laws and regulations and general managers in all government offices, to curbcorruption. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, considered the most important causes of corruption, laws, regulations, programs and general management in Iran over the past two decades to prevent and combat corruption and introduce checks, and Finally refers to the obstacles and challenges facing health systems and institutions administrative staff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The impact of religious orientation on trusteeship and compliance with regulations Case study: Protection of information resources and heeding library rules
najla hariri reihaneh seid vakeli

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between religious orientation (internal / external) of library users and their tendency to safekeeping and protect the information resources and heeding library rules. Method: The research method was survey and the da More

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between religious orientation (internal / external) of library users and their tendency to safekeeping and protect the information resources and heeding library rules. Method: The research method was survey and the data gathered using the Alport questionnaire of religious orientation and a questionnaire for assessing the tendency of the users for protecting information resources and library rules. The sample consisted of 296 users of the Library of Allameh Tabatabai University's School of Management and Accounting. In analyzing the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. Results: According to findings, there is a positive relationship between religious orientation and protecting the library's information resources and heeding the library rules. By increasing internal and external religious orientation, the trusteeship of the users will increase. Conclusion: With strengthening religious beliefs, people become committed, disciplined and healthy trained, and will make constructive relationships with others in their community and social organizations and institutions.  Religious teachings and promotion of ethics can largely control social abnormalities Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Iranian Criminal System in the Pahlavi Era, Challenges and Considerations (from the Beginning to the Islamic Revolution)
ali talezari

Although the Iranian Constitutional Revolution was a political movement, but different areas affected by this issue were fundamental changes. One of these areas was the criminal justice system. During this period, the justice officially met for the first time and differ More

Although the Iranian Constitutional Revolution was a political movement, but different areas affected by this issue were fundamental changes. One of these areas was the criminal justice system. During this period, the justice officially met for the first time and different laws were passed one after another. Among the new rules would be noted the constitution, amendments to the constitution, the law and the administration of justice and law criminal procedure. Despite the adoption of various laws, but the law was never passed on crimes and punishments and issues of the criminal law nature in 1925 until in the year of 1925 the criminal law was adopted in the House. During the 1920 coup, nothing more than the dissolution of justice did not make people happy, that was the inefficiency of justice at the time. During the Pahlavi regime for two reasons, the substantive laws were difficult. One is sensitivity of clergymen and scholars in the adoption of unlawful laws and other is influential and rulers opposition considered the law Influential of their unlimited powers. Hence, the adoption of the Penal Code is of the particular importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The role of quality laws and regulations on the successful implementation of procurement policy in state-owned banks due to the moderating role of banks' specific conditions
Abbas Shafiei Farajollah Rahnavard Alireza Alinejad

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of laws and regulations for the successful implementation of the procurement policy in state-owned banks, considering the role of adjusting the specific conditions of banks. In terms of purpose, the research is applied More

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of laws and regulations for the successful implementation of the procurement policy in state-owned banks, considering the role of adjusting the specific conditions of banks. In terms of purpose, the research is applied and in terms of gathering information, it is part of quantitative research. The statistical population consisted of all the managers and experts supervising the procurement of 8 state banks that use public procurement policies, and the research questionnaires were distributed among 151 of them. Random cluster sampling was used to select the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-option scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in terms of form and content through experts, convergent validity through the calculation of average variance extracted (AVE) and divergent validity through the square root of AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire at 0.86. Cronbach's alpha tests (AVE), Kolmogorov-Smirnov and confirmatory factor analysis and smartpls3 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the quality of laws and regulations has a positive and significant effect on the successful implementation of the procurement policy, and the special characteristics of state banks moderate the relationship between the quality of laws and regulations in the implementation of the policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Evaluation and Comparison of LEED, BREEAM, and the 19th issue of National Building Regulations of Iran (NBRI) in Perspective of Sustainability by (MCDM) TOPSIS Method
Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad Mohammad Mehranrad Nasim Eslamirad

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23 - Presentation of Empirical Relation for the Fundamental Period of Irregular Steel Frames with EBF Steel Braces
F. Omidinasab S. Baharipour

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24 - The Impact of Agricultural Products Insurance on Using Technical-Healthy Regulations of Production: A Case Study of Industrial Livestock and Apple Farms
A. Falsafian S.K. Vaezi

Agricultural insurance is considered as a support policy that reduces negative effects of risk in agricultural farms. In addition, it can improve managerial behavior of insured and technical-healthy regulations of production by using some special tools. This study inves More

Agricultural insurance is considered as a support policy that reduces negative effects of risk in agricultural farms. In addition, it can improve managerial behavior of insured and technical-healthy regulations of production by using some special tools. This study investigated the impact ofinsurance of agricultural products insurance on using technical-healthy regulations of production in industrial livestock farms at Khorasan province and apple farms at Damavand County. To this end, the required data were survyed from the farms; then it was statistically analyzed. Results indicated that the insurance has exactly significant influence on using any of technical-healthy regulations of production in industrial livestock farms; whereas the insurance does not have any significant influence in the apple farms. In addition, it was also found out that the greatest influence of insurance was in industrial livestock and apple farms that had less than 200 animals and 3 hectares farms, respectively. Manuscript profile

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25 - The necessities and predictions of international law for settlement of climate change immigrants in destination
Hassan Movassaghi

Old Testament writes that the man forgot obligation and commitment tohis creator for a while and lost the paradise as divine place for vicinity andmercy of the Lord and took the departure journey. However, the almightyGod forgave him and placed him in an intact and pure More

Old Testament writes that the man forgot obligation and commitment tohis creator for a while and lost the paradise as divine place for vicinity andmercy of the Lord and took the departure journey. However, the almightyGod forgave him and placed him in an intact and pure land and did notconsent on his vagrancy. Now due to different reasons, some people leavetheir land and live homeless in the continents. Vagrancy due to globalclimate change is one of the exemplars of mass immigration enhancementwhich their resettlement has been converted to an international challenge.This research aimed at investigating the problems of climate changeimmigration and assessment of the international law regulations inresettlement of the climate change immigration. The research methodologywas documentary and secondary analysis patterns and at the end theefficiency of the implementation of these measures was investigated byfeasibility study relaying on the achievements. The findings show that, theworld countries and international association should pay attention to theresettlement of the climate change immigrants as an opportunity and notas a threat and employ mild legal solutions in comparison to other refugeesto prevent exponential increase of the environmental immigrants andrefugees and their legal and practical uncertainty. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - A Sociological Analyses of the Effect of Family on Drug Addiction in Noushahr and Chalous
Gh.A Tavassoli

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Analysis of the level of satisfaction of the citizens of areas 6, 8 and 14 of Isfahan metropolis with the implementation of the rules and regulations of urban planning of the detailed plan
Hamid Ghadiri Modares Mehdi Momeni Hamid Saberi

Rules and regulations of urban planning are one of the main components of urban settlements. This indicates that the more the implementation of these criteria is observed in the field of construction, the better the bed and body of urban settlements and consequently, ci More

Rules and regulations of urban planning are one of the main components of urban settlements. This indicates that the more the implementation of these criteria is observed in the field of construction, the better the bed and body of urban settlements and consequently, citizens’ satisfaction increases. In the metropolises and cities of our country, Iran, the municipality is the primary reference for the application of urban planning rules and regulations. Therefore, the requirement of municipalities to issue building permits following urban planning criteria has a key role in forming the appropriate body and bed of urban neighborhoods and promoting citizen satisfaction. In this research, by dividing urban planning criteria into ten components: elevation criteria, access and passage criteria, Parking criteria, advance and balcony criteria, land use criteria, façade and urban landscape criteria, adaptation criteria for the disabled, sidewalk criteria, visibility and skylight criteria, area and occupancy criteria; citizens' satisfaction of regions 6, 8, and 14 of Isfahan was evaluated from the implementation of these criteria by a questionnaire in the form of a 5-point Likert scale (very low = 1, low = 2, medium = 3, high = 4, very high = 5). Using one-sample t-test, the results showed that according to the average limit of response 3, the rate of the significance of all variables is less than 0.05  and the level of citizens' satisfaction with the implementation of urban planning rules and regulations in target areas is lower than the normal and it is not in a desirable level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Investigating parameters of land uses in detailed urban plans and their consequences on general land use (case study of Hamadan, region 1)
Kamal Mohammadi Kiumarth Habibi Mohammad Reza Bemanian

Following the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because More

Following the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because of the lack of accurate and correct attention to urban problems detailed plans were prepared and approved in 1970s. Urban detailed plans were prepared for extending building city criteria, development of cities and harmonizing different parts of city. Inefficiency of urban development plans including detailed urban plans with existing realities emerges in social phenomenon of cities. One of these problems is changing land uses which are formed in contrary with criteria and regulations of detailed planes, legally and illegally followed in cities. Result of these changes are imbalance in urban services and continued decline of urban environment quality. This shows inability of detailed plan in development based on the existing planning. This research tries to determine changes in approved land uses in Hamadan through library studies, distributing questionnaire between target society during 2002 to 2012 and their causes were analyzed using SPSS, ARC GIS and AUTO CAD software. In studying causes of changing urban land uses the highest share belongs to economic and legal factors which could be because of lack of sustainable income resources in municipalities and strong administrative guarantee in urbanization regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadi

This study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult More

This study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Jurisprudence and Legal Solutions to Deal with Criminogenic Administrative Procedures and Regulations
Mohsen Fereydooni Samira Golkhandan Akbar Rajabi

10.30495/jcld.2023.1981153.1050

Receive Date: 2023/02/25                    Revise Date: 2023/07/20                  &nbsp More

Receive Date: 2023/02/25                    Revise Date: 2023/07/20                   Accept Date:  2023/07/22 Today, sometimes administrative procedures and regulations, which themselves have been compiled and approved to organize affairs and even to prevent crime, appear in a different role and play a role as a criminogenic factor. Incorrect administrative procedures and regulations can be the criminogenic factor of all different kinds of crimes. From an administrative criminology aspect, along the pathology of administrative procedures and regulations, should reform its criminogenic issues. The jurisprudence foundation of confronting the administrative procedures and regulations of the crime is the necessity of restoration of trust of people in the administrative system and reduction of the imposed costs on the Islamic system. From jurisprudence aspect, attention to self-control among administrative officials, constant supervision on the regulations and enjoining good and forbidding evil is the main solution to deal with this type of regulations and procedures. From a legal aspect, organizing the criminal sanctions, combating trafficking, amending regulations of multi-jobs, limiting payments in companies, establishing regulations in the field of conflict of interests, implementing the law on declaration of assets, creating an internal control system and disclosure of criminogenic administrative procedures and regulations is one of the main solutions to deal with criminogenic administrative procedures and regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The Effect of Citizenship Education on Increasing Citizenship Awareness of Eight-Year-Old Children in Isfahan (with Emphasis on Multimedia Software)
Badri Shahtalebi Akram Ghapanchi

The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of multimedia software-based citizenship education on increasing citizenship awareness of eight-year-old children in Isfahan city using semi-empirical method with two testing and control groups and with prete More

The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of multimedia software-based citizenship education on increasing citizenship awareness of eight-year-old children in Isfahan city using semi-empirical method with two testing and control groups and with pretest and posttest. The statistical population of the study was a total of 26572 grade-two male and female primary students of Isfahan city among which two boys’ and girls’ schools were chosen by random cluster sampling method. Then, two classes were chosen among grade-two classes in each school as a test group and a control group (78 people). Having been pretested, both groups (boys and girls) were taught multimedia software-based citizenship education for five weeks. Then, both were given a posttest. The data collecting tool was a combitional researcher made test covering five fields including national identity, religious teachings, familiarity with rules and regulations, social relations and behavior and protecting environment, whose validity was verified and whose reliability, using split-half method, was estimated 0/85. The research findings showed that there was a difference between pretest and posttest scores of the participants in all aspects of the training. The results also indicated that multimedia software- based citizenship education had more effects on boys than girls. In addition, the highest influence was on protecting environment and the lowest influence was on religious teachings.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Analysis of the Bank System Spatial-Local in Rasht Metropolis
محمد تقی رهنمایی نصراله مولائی هشجین حبیب اله رشید ارده

Determining appropriate place for urban uses is one of the major categories in urban planning. Each of different urban activities requires its own proper space and it is impossible to establish them in every area of the city. Spatial-local distribution of banks branches More

Determining appropriate place for urban uses is one of the major categories in urban planning. Each of different urban activities requires its own proper space and it is impossible to establish them in every area of the city. Spatial-local distribution of banks branches is among the main issues in building spatial justice which is at the heart of serving and expansion regarding sustainable development trends. There are 274 bank units in Rasht city; it seems that they are unevenly distributed in various parts of the city. Accordingly, the main question of this study is to find out spatial distribution regulations of bank units in Rasht city. To answer the question, descriptive-analytic method and spatial analysis techniques are employed. Doing so, first, respective indices were extracted from research literature and then distribution regulations of banks were defined based on which research questions were answered. Results demonstrate inefficiency and inappropriateness of bank units' distribution in different areas and most banks have chosen very sensitive and strategic parts of the city for their activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Studying the Effects of Selected Social and Organinzational Factors on Employees’ Alienation (case of study: Agricultural Jehad Organinzation of the city of Esfahan)
منصور حقیقتیان سیدهاشم هاشمی نژاد

Organizations play an important role in the integration and balance of society and are important factors that affect the organization in achieving organizational goals. Studying the relationships between these factors can help organizations in achieving their goals more More

Organizations play an important role in the integration and balance of society and are important factors that affect the organization in achieving organizational goals. Studying the relationships between these factors can help organizations in achieving their goals more effectively. Agricultural Jehad Organization as a public institution and a major agent of economic and social activity is an influential voice in society. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of social and organizational factors in the alienation of the staff of Isfahan Agricultural Jehad Organization. This is a survey research which used a questionnaire to collect the needed data. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the theories of Melvin Seeman and Talcott Parsons. The research population included all the staff of Agricultural Jehad Organization of the sity of Isfahan of which, based on Cochron’s formula, 119 individuals were selected as the sample. The validity of research instrument was confirmed via face validity and its reliability Cronbach's Alpha was 0.767. The results showed that the level of alienation among the staff was a bit below the average (2.62). The results also showed a significant relationship between alienation and age (r=0.328), employment promotion (r=0. 398), rules and regulations (r=0.220), and the provision of welfare benefits (r=0.219). Multiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables could explain39.9 percent of the variance of the dependent variable.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Analysis of Scientific–Executive Capability and Up-to-date of Iran's Parliament Approvals in Drought Crisis Management
جلال محمودزاده محمدصادق صبوری مهرداد نیکنامی الهام دانایی

خشکسالی به عنوان یکی از پیچیده‌ترین و در عین حال با کمترین میزان شناخت یا درک نسبت به سایر بلایای طبیعی از آغاز تمدن بشر تاثیراتی شدید و گاهی اوقات فاجعه آمیز بر فعالیت‌های حیاتی انسان در سراسر جهان داشته است. در مقایسه با دیگر بلایای طبیعی، خشکسالی تعداد افراد بیشتر و More

خشکسالی به عنوان یکی از پیچیده‌ترین و در عین حال با کمترین میزان شناخت یا درک نسبت به سایر بلایای طبیعی از آغاز تمدن بشر تاثیراتی شدید و گاهی اوقات فاجعه آمیز بر فعالیت‌های حیاتی انسان در سراسر جهان داشته است. در مقایسه با دیگر بلایای طبیعی، خشکسالی تعداد افراد بیشتر و مناطق گسترده‌تری را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. خشکسالی یک فاجعه آهسته است که عواقب زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی دارد. مدیریت بحران بخشی از چرخه مدیریت خشکسالی است در ایران مدیریت بحران، استراتژی محوری در مقابله با این پدیده می باشد قوانین و مقررات مربوط به مدیریت بحران بخشی اساسی از مدیریت بحران است که نقش هر یک سازمانها ، نهاد ، و آحاد جامعه را در بر خورد با پدیده خشکسالی مشخص می کند. یکی از مهم‌ترین ایرادات در مدیریت بحران، فقدان قوانین و مقررات مناسب و اجرای آنها است. این مطالعه با هدف مرور مدیریت بحران خشکسالی با تاکید بر قوانین مصوب پارلمانی انجام گردید. این مطالعه نشان داد که قانونی جامع و مانعی برای خشکسالی در کشور وجود ندارد. اجرای قوانین موجود نیز با چالش هایی همراه بوده است .این مطالعه ممکن است به کاهش آسیب پذیری ها و تقویت هماهنگی در مدیریت بحران خشکسالی کمک کند. Manuscript profile

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35 - Examining the role of urban rules and regulations on the organization of the image and landscape of Tehran Community Verified icon
islam karami

Investigating Role of Urban Codes and Regulations on Organizing Tehran Urban The urban landscape is the contact surface of human beings and the city that is revealed through human experience and human‌being-environment interaction. Developments over the past decades ma More

Investigating Role of Urban Codes and Regulations on Organizing Tehran Urban The urban landscape is the contact surface of human beings and the city that is revealed through human experience and human‌being-environment interaction. Developments over the past decades made it necessary to pay attention to urban façade and landscape organization. An overall look at today's urban landscape is proof of this claim. Meanwhile, the role of urban codes and regulations as one of the most important factors effective on urban landscape formation will be investigated. In this research, an exploratory analysis was done, and the effective components of the urban landscape formation were extracted by a field survey using the questionnaire. After analysis, some executive and efficient suggestions would be proposed for the urban landscape planners. The statistic population included the executive managers, architecture and urban planning specialists and experts, and people living in the city Keywords: landscape, urban façade, urban rules, codes and regulations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Examining the role of urban rules and regulations on the organization of the image and landscape of Tehran
Islam Karmi Arzoo Vafaei, Masoud Yousefi Tadzker Naser Haj Mohammadi

The urban landscape is the surface of contact between man and the phenomenon of the city, which is revealed through human experience and the interaction between man and the environment. The developments of the last few decades made it necessary to pay attention to the f More

The urban landscape is the surface of contact between man and the phenomenon of the city, which is revealed through human experience and the interaction between man and the environment. The developments of the last few decades made it necessary to pay attention to the facade and organize the urban appearance. A quick look at the appearance of the city today is proof of the above claim. In the meantime, the role of urban laws and regulations will be studied as one of the most important influencing factors in the formation of urban image and landscape. In this research, an exploratory analysis has been carried out and with the design of a questionnaire, the effective components in the formation of the urban view have been extracted in the form of a field survey, and after the analysis, we will provide practical and effective suggestions for architects and urban landscape designers. There are executive directors, specialized experts and experts in urban planning and architecture, and people living in the regions who have a frequent presence in the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Turbulent state of legislative management in Iran
Mohammad javad Hosseini Hadi Ramezanian fahandari

Legislation covers the major activities of the parliament, and the abundance of laws approved by the parliament shows that this overshadows other duties of the parliament. In every legislative period, many plans and bills are presented and approved in the parliament, an More

Legislation covers the major activities of the parliament, and the abundance of laws approved by the parliament shows that this overshadows other duties of the parliament. In every legislative period, many plans and bills are presented and approved in the parliament, and in order to be implemented, many regulations are established by the government, and besides that, other government institutions also have mandatory approvals, which in general causes the inflation of laws and the confusion of the executives and subordinates and their lack of correct implementation. Scrutiny in the legislative procedure shows lack of proper and efficient management of the legislative process and the lack of management has caused many laws to be added to the total laws of the country every year. In this article, the challenges ahead for the correct management of legislation are depicted in a descriptive-analytical way. In order to properly manage the legislation, one should first assess the legislative needs, look at the history to see how far the previous laws or their amendments will meet the new needs, and with the foresight, proceed to approve new laws and cancel previous conflicting and abandoned laws. This requires correct and efficient management of the legislative process. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Violation of Humanitarian’s Law in the 33 days war according to International Regulations
Bijan Nayeri Alireza Motevalli

  Abstract After hostage-taking of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah forces, military of Zionist regime started an expanding attack on Lebanon from July 12, 2006. By this invasion, Israel ridiculed the human rights specially; conventions of Geneva, 1949 and its&r More

  Abstract After hostage-taking of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah forces, military of Zionist regime started an expanding attack on Lebanon from July 12, 2006. By this invasion, Israel ridiculed the human rights specially; conventions of Geneva, 1949 and its’ two affixed protocols and security councils’ treaty of united nation’s organization and didn’t notice them. Israel called this invasion as a kind of defense in order to justify it. The slaughter of hundreds of women and Childs who has no interferes in war and ruination of areas far from incident field and quarrel and other war crimes which Israel committed during one month, is an example of this regims’50 years’ patent defect of international law and human right which shows invalidity of international documents and forums. The 33days  war which started with Israel invasion to Lebanon ,and ended with 1701 treaty confirmation of security council and accepting cease fire between Hezbollah and Israel, is able to be considered and analyzed. The defense operations and brilliant victory of Islamic resistance of Lebanon with Hezbollah leading against expanded and cruel invasion of Zionist regime, is an outstanding sample and rhetoric dispute in current age from the aspect of postmodernism innovation revolt of people against a regime which is armed and equipped with most advanced armament technology. A war which was supposed to be ended in a short time by victory of Zionist regime, became a great defeat of this regime and destabilized and shook the pillar of security doctrine and  its’ war strategy of fast war. The 33 days war of Israel against Hezbollah was an important lesson which will be more effective on future wars.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Compliance risk assessment by modeling the documents of the International Organization for Standardization and the guidelines of the Tradeway Commission (Case study of one of the operating banks)
donya hajishahverdi Gholam Reza Zomorodian

Compliance can be defined as the compatibility of performance with the tasks of compliance with the activity supervisor and the risk of compliance as a possibility of non-fulfillment of these tasks. The occurrence of this risk can lead to the imposition of various crime More

Compliance can be defined as the compatibility of performance with the tasks of compliance with the activity supervisor and the risk of compliance as a possibility of non-fulfillment of these tasks. The occurrence of this risk can lead to the imposition of various crimes, legal and regulatory penalties, financial losses or damage to the good reputation of organizations and, consequently, attract the attention of competent institutions. In the present study, the risks of observing one of the operating banks of the country were identified by modeling the documents of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the guidelines of the Trade waynCommission and using structured interviews, surveys, checklists and obtaining expert opinions. Then, according to the experts and using the business impact analysis method, the importance (impact) of the factors and the probability of occurrence of each factor were determined and the relevant risk matrix was drawn and items with significant importance on risk management were identified in four areas. Finally, solutions were proposed to deal with the identified risks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Investigating social and cultural factors related to the change in addiction tendency of Ardabil students
alireza a;ipour ALI ASGHAR ABBASI ASFAJIR ali rahmani

10.30495/jscc.2022.1941903.1922

The study aimed to assess factors associated with the tendency to addiction. The population of this study consisted of all students at the University of Applied Science, Urmia police unit who are studying in the academic year 94-93. The sample size in this study, accord More

The study aimed to assess factors associated with the tendency to addiction. The population of this study consisted of all students at the University of Applied Science, Urmia police unit who are studying in the academic year 94-93. The sample size in this study, according to Morgan, 70, who was selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire. The findings suggest that the relationship between extracurricular activities with no significant tendency towards addiction. The laws and regulations in relation to drug addiction tendencies and significant negative relationship exist. The confidence of students with significant negative correlation is their tendency to addiction. Negative relationship between academic achievement and their tendency to addiction and meaningful. Laws and regulations related to addiction, self-esteem and academic achievement and a significant negative effect on students' tendency to addiction and its inverse predictor. Extracurricular activities, students do not have a significant effect on the tendency to addiction and not significant predictors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - A Comparative Study of Crimes Against Humanity in the Laws of Iran and Myanmar (Relying on its Criminalization in Jurisprudence Rules)
جمال Beigi Sajad Rahmati torkashvand babak poorgahremani

The basis of the criminalization of crimes against humanity is the protection of human rights and includes crimes that violate human values and international rules. The reason for its criminalization is the international criminal protection of interests. It is society a More

The basis of the criminalization of crimes against humanity is the protection of human rights and includes crimes that violate human values and international rules. The reason for its criminalization is the international criminal protection of interests. It is society and legal principles that are respected by the international community. In order to deal with it, international organizations have compiled the statute of the International Criminal Court so that there is an executive guarantee for the crimes committed. Most of the governments have criminalized these crimes in their criminal laws, however, it is not foreseen in the criminal laws of Myanmar, but the examples of crimes against humanity have been counted in it. In the criminal law of Iran, there is no independent criminalization in this case and the perpetrators of crimes against humanity are prosecuted according to the statute of the International Criminal Court, therefore this article seeks to examine crimes against humanity in the criminal law of Myanmar. And it is necessary to criminalize it by referring to jurisprudential rules, and the research method is descriptive and analytical and data gathering is also phishing. The method of carrying out the research was qualitative and the findings of the research indicate that in the law of Iran and Myanmar, crimes against humanity are not criminalized independently, but in Iranian law, examples include; Murder, rape, illegal detention, and torture have been criminalized and require an independent law based on jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Designing a Paradigm Model of Ambiguous Marketing of Sports Products with a Data-Based Approach
reza arianshakib nemat khalifeh mehdi kohandel mohedin bahari

Ambush marketing is a creative and daring method, while in many ways it creates legal barriers to this method, but there are many methods that do ambiguous marketing in a legal way. The aim of this study was to identify the effective factors in the marketing of sports p More

Ambush marketing is a creative and daring method, while in many ways it creates legal barriers to this method, but there are many methods that do ambiguous marketing in a legal way. The aim of this study was to identify the effective factors in the marketing of sports products with the foundation data approach. The research method was qualitative and based on data theorizing. In this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study includes marketing experts and sports management professors who had an article or writings in the field of research. The reliability of the interviews was 0.85 by intra-subject agreement study. A total of 89 conceptual propositions were created from open source and 6 axes from the process of communication between codes and 6 selected codes to develop the main phenomenon. The results showed that 6 factors affect business ethics, creativity and innovation, citizenship rights, laws and regulations, surprise advertising and utilitarianism. Therefore, novelty and attractive design in advertising, non-social discrimination, attention to citizenship obligations, creation and strengthening of social norms, sustainability of advertising, increasing the desire to share advertising in the audience, cultural utilitarianism are suggested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - The scope of freedom of will in football employment contracts in the light of domestic and FIFA regulations
Mostafa Soleimani Babadi محمد صادقی S.mehdi Mirdadashi

The freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. Th More

The freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. This article delves into examining the position of the parties' free will in football employment contracts. This research was done using descriptive analytical method. The predefined conditions in football contracts should not be merely considered ceremonial formalities; the objective of including such conditions is to establish contractual balance without interference from FIFA or the federation. If these regulations oppose the mandatory rules of a country, a judge may refrain from enforcing them based on the mandatory rules or laws related to public order. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that football contracts benefit from their own enforcement mechanism, and generally, such disputes are not referred to public courts. The overarching approach is that no rule or provision should unduly restrict the parties' contractual will, and the principle of contractual freedom in football employment contracts, like other contracts, should be considered by the parties as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the parties' will enjoys legal validity as long as it does not contradict FIFA's mandatory rules, the mandatory rules of the country, or unilateral conditions against contractual goodwill. Manuscript profile

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