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        1 - A Comparative study of satirical tricks in Attar's Masnavi
        masoomeh mousazadeh Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh Dr.ramin sadeginejad
          Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos an More
          Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos and poverty and unexpected events. No one can claim not to feel disappointment and regret after investigating the incidents happened in this era. Although it seems that Attar was in spiritual and mysticism world and did not pay attention to what was happening around, he had many complaints and unpleasant feelings about events happening. Chaotic political and social incidents during 6th century created a wave of protests in Attar’s thoughts. But since he could not express such protests directly, he has included a series of tortures imposed on oppressed people in the form of satire. Therefore, the present research has used a descriptive-analytic method with the help of evidences from the texts of his works and emphasizing at verbal arts utilized by him such as contradictions, surprises, position collapse, allegory, paradox, symbolism, emblem, and … to investigate about this type of literary trick in poems composed by Attar. Findings showed that content techniques have had a very important role in creating the works of this poet regarding the functions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Studying the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” written in “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi based on Joseph Campbell’s “The hero’s journey” myth pattern
        mahbobeh poraga Dr.ramin sadeginejad Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh
          Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This patter More
          Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This pattern has many sufficiency elements to analyze literary works. The book “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi is one of the works that can be compared with the pattern proposed by Joseph Campbell. The present research has dealt with investigating the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” in a book written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi called “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)”. The results showed that there has been a complete correspondence between all elements in this story and the pattern posed by Joseph Campbell except the two elements of “meeting the God or the lady or return to childhood joys” mentioned before the stepping of the hero in “tests’ roads”, reported in introduction and the step: “receipt of help from outside” before the stage called: “passing through the threshold level of heavenly life into the normal world” in the return part which are presented by Campbell as a probable period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - A Comparative Study of the Honor of the Mazd Religion in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Sassanid Pahlavi Texts
        farzad dolatkhah ramin sadeginejad Rasoul Ebadi
        Hospitality and welcoming a guest is one of the most distinguished characteristics of Iranians, showing their personal and social identity. The term Myazad means hospitality and setting table for the guest with specific traditions. Honor of setting table for the guest i More
        Hospitality and welcoming a guest is one of the most distinguished characteristics of Iranians, showing their personal and social identity. The term Myazad means hospitality and setting table for the guest with specific traditions. Honor of setting table for the guest is one of the most distinguished symbols of hospitality among ancient Iranians. This has been mentioned in the Sasanid and Pahlavi writings and some chapters of most writings of those eras have been dedicated to such tradition and honor. On the other hand, Ferdowsi’s Shah Nameh is a highly valuable work in which one can study old and ancient traditions of Zoroastrians including setting table. The aim of the present study is to show valuable aspects of guest and honor of the tradition thorugh comparative study of Mayzad ancient tradition in the Pahlavi writings and Ferdowsi’s Shah Nameh. Happy face of the host with the guest, sacrificing animals specially lamb and sheep to the guest, boiling vegetable seeds in milk with the aid of Harkareh stone, spreading bread in table, respecting the guest, taking Barsam at hand and chanting Baj or praying next to the sacred fire, eating food with closed mouth, washing hands thanking God after having meal (Zamzam) are among the main symbols of honoring the guest in Mayazad ancient tradition, shown in different parts of Shah Nameh and Pahlavi Sasanid writings. Manuscript profile