List of Articles فرح حبیب

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  1 - Assessing the Impact of Islamic Azad University of Sari on Sustainable Developments of the Surrounding Areas
  Abdullah Ebrahimi Farah Habib Iraj Etessam
  Urban migration and urban growth are recognized as main challenges in developing countries. Education as one of fundamental strategies has key role in national development. Although, they have influenced several consequences on city and regional levels apart from academ More

  Urban migration and urban growth are recognized as main challenges in developing countries. Education as one of fundamental strategies has key role in national development. Although, they have influenced several consequences on city and regional levels apart from academic mission, their main functions are resourceful human sources and contribution of knowledge as well as technical skill. Governments were allocating different funds from national capital for education budget to improve human resources which the parts of developed countries are 7% of GDP, and developing countries are 6% of GDP approximately. Since last decades, the universities have expanded through growth population and society’s cultural aspect of academic education, but the universities’ roles are ambiguous to achieve cities’ sustainable development in developing countries. Sustainable development as a process is multi-dimensional which tries to modify fundamental situation in social structures, public attitudes, and national institutions through economic growth, and social equality as well as reduce poverty. Generally, communities reach sustainable development when there are four main elements including: natural potential, appropriate current infrastructures, sufficient human resources, and adequate financial resources.          Under the special position for land, agricultural economy in North of Iran, the need of research is the consequences of universities establishment on their region’s sustainable development. The aim is to assess consequences for establishment of Islamic Azad University Sari branch toward sustainable development. There are several researches which focused on the Iranian’ universities impacts on social aspects such as employment, woman conditions, and public cultures, but a few studies have concentrated on Iranian universities consequences to achieve sustainable development. Different studies described that there are two main approaches to achieve sustainable development, including: people- oriented, and procedures based on participation. Theoretical framework for current study developed based on the sustainable development concept which included three fundamental components Environment, economic, and social.      Research method is conducted quantitatively and survey-based and then, primary data is collected by questionnaires which has been designed based on the several studies and consist of two main sections including personal information, and impacts of the university establishment based on the sustainable development components. A Lickert scale was employed to apply arranged choice variables in terms of the three main components of sustainable development including: Economic, social, and physical. The sample size has been determined by Cochran Formula and so, 380 persons had contributed among 400 people. The research has employed One-sample t-test and Friedman test to analyze collected data. The results reveal that significant and positive relation between Islamic Azad University of Sari and three major components of sustainable development, but the factors are different impacts. Thus, Azad University Sari branch has the greatest effect on economic aspect, and physical and social aspects are in next ranking respectively. Finally, the findings appear that the university impact on physical aspect of Sari city has been neglected and then, Sari’ surrounding areas have developed in lack of abilities and capacities of Islamic Azad University-Sari branch. Therefore, the university roles and potentials must be considered by authorities for urban planning process in different levels.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Research on Delivering the Analysis Framework of Social Capital in Urban Structure, Focusing on Public Urban Spaces Role (Case Study: Tehran city)
  Farah Habib Seyed Majid Naderi Laala Jahanshahlo Hamideh Forouzangohar
  20.1001.1.17359562.1391.6.12.1.0
  The background of studies on social capital have been closely related to various aspects of development in a way that some researchers have even linked it with establishment of 'good governance', emergence and acceleration of the activities of organizational networks, a More

  The background of studies on social capital have been closely related to various aspects of development in a way that some researchers have even linked it with establishment of 'good governance', emergence and acceleration of the activities of organizational networks, and lowering the burden of local governments. A positive relation has been found in other research works between social capital on the one hand and the level of success in development plans, taking more and greater advantage of shared lands , boosting the joint action potential, improving health standards, increasing the national income, and encouraging the level of public participation in urban projects. Just like the physical capital that contributes to reshaping the raw material relying on taking advantage of tools that facilitate the production, 'human capital', too, changes the quality of the people's conduct by improving their skills and boosting their capabilities. People are thus taught to behave differently and to do their jobs more effectively. 'Social Capital', too, is in its turn accumulated when relations among the people would be subject to such evolution that they would interact more easily. Social capital is a concept without a long and detailed theoretical background. The concept was first used in academic texts and articles in 1990s and its usage has gradually increased up to the present day. That gradual increase in such fields as sociology, economy, politics, and education is indebted to research works by professors, such as James Coleman, Robert Putnam, Fukuyama, and Bourdieu.  Coleman considers the 'social structure' as the generating source for the 'social capital', but reiterates, "Social capital is defined based on its functions."  He believes the social capital is not a solid concept, but a combination of various factors that share two characteristics: 1) they are all different aspects of the social structure; and 2) they facilitate certain actions of the people within the social structure. Social capital, like all other forms of capital, is generative, and facilitates achieving certain goals gaining which would have been impossible in its absence. Social capital is considered as a hidden potential among society members interactions which causes most actions and behaviors in societies. The prerequisite of such phenomena is a space in which people are presented and their social interactions are created.   The present article aims on codification and analysis of social capital concept in urban structure and delivering a framework towards analysis based on documentary and descriptive measurement survey and studies on the proposed framework indicators. The result of the researches show that the social capital analysis indicators in urban structure can be considered in different fields such as citizens’ sense of security, social interactions, public participation, community partnership and the amount of social interaction tension. Amongst all, the public urban spaces play the basic role in ground building for social participations and strength of social and community interactions through providing the possibility of public well-known religious and unreligious ceremonies and friendship interactions. Furthermore, the analysis of such indicators in case study provides the ground for delivering strategies in betterment and optimization of actions towards more social capital. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Urban Sustainability from Urban Morphological View Point
  Farah Habib Mahdieh Hosseini Nia
  20.1001.1.17359562.1394.9.21.1.9
       

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  4 - Globalization & Regionalism in Contemporary Architecture: Interaction or Mutuality
  Qader Bayzidi Iraj Etesam Farah Habib Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrei
  20.1001.1.17359562.1396.11.3.2.8
  A complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ­ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal a More

  A complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ­ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal and local affairs, and consequently, introduces further development into social arena in the postmodern era. On one hand, formation of a global village and growing mutual effects in the world of architecture have led to concerns over domination of universalism and homogeneity, losing the soul of the place and creating faults in local identities. On the other, regionalism in architecture centers on preserving special characteristics of space and showing dissimilarities, and prioritizes special regional identity over universal characteristics. Definition of regionalism covers a wide spectrum due to its diversity and the course of events in different approaches to this theory, but generally, it is claimed that ecological features, climate conditions, social and cultural conditions and local customs are among important features of regionalism. Regionalism is an approach to coordinating the influence of global civilization with special local features. In another words, since man is an heir and creator of global culture as well as possessing a regional culture, he has to quiver knowledge of the interaction between both of them. Supporters of such theory believe that architecture has to reflect the features of the self and be independent of an emotional view point of region, tradition and history. The present paper attempts to investigate the relationship between globalization and current regional based approaches in the field of contemporary architecture. The research method is descriptive-analytical by using content analysis technique. Economic arena, on one hand, faces universal and global supply of multinational companies, and deals with local demand, on the other. This emphasizes the need for designing products in line with special regional circumstances in order to attract consumers and establish a global-regional interaction. In politics, there is an alignment theory of globalization and regionalism that based on which regionalism moderates globalization and both enjoy a mutual relationship. In culture, contemporary world covers both universalization and homogeneity and localization and heterogeny. Globalization provides a bed for universalization of local culture and localization of global culture. Local cultural systems enjoy a complex relationship with global culture to have its privileges. The results show that on one hand, the multilateral nature of globalization indicates that it enjoys an alignment of homogenous and heterogeneous approaches in such a way that it recognizes variety, pluralism and heterogenic and prepares the ground for special cultural and architectural identities and values. On the other, having shifted from nativist approaches and emphasis on physical interpretations and stylistic, structural and aesthetic issues towards modern approaches and social, cultural issues, ecosystem and interpersonal relationships, regionalism aims at modifying traditional prejudiced thoughts, strengthening an interactional approach and creating variety as well as enjoying universal privileges (critical regionalism, interactional regionalism and bioregionalism). Therefore, there proves to be a mutual relationship between these phenomena. The coexistence between technology and cultural identity (place) in architecture leads to the formation of a type of hybrid architecture enjoying universal privileges and regional indices (global- local). Manuscript profile
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  5 - Solving Urban Problems by Means of Fuzzy Systems
  farah habib Dr Ali Shokoohi
  20.1001.1.17359562.1391.6.10.2.7
  The study of complex systems is bringing new vitality to many areas of science where a more typical reductionism strategy has fallen short. Complexity expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. In this More

  The study of complex systems is bringing new vitality to many areas of science where a more typical reductionism strategy has fallen short. Complexity expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. In this regard, urban systems are complex and finding their elements and relationships is a wicked problem. The search for scientific bases for confronting these problems is bound to fail, because of their aggressive nature. The kinds of problems that urban planners deal with, societal problems are inherently different from the problems that scientists and perhaps some classes of engineers deal with. Planning problems are inherently wicked. As distinguished from problems in the natural sciences, which are definable and separable and may have solutions that are findable, the problems of urban planning are ill-defined; and they rely upon elusive political judgment for resolution. But nowadays, scientists are seeking non-linear coupling rules for resolute complex systems problems. In these endeavors, fuzzy systems are an alternative to traditional notions of logic that can cope with complexity of systems. Fuzzy systems provide a rich and meaningful addition to standard logic. Utilizing fuzzy systems in an urban environment raises the likelihood of encountering difficult stability problems. This paper aims to follow the بررسی امکان بکارگیری نظریه فازی در تحلیل مسائل پیچیده شهرapplication of fuzzy systems in the analysis of urban complex problems; In the first part of the paper, authors review definition of urban problem with system approach.مسأله، مانعی است که دستیابی به اهداف دلخواه را با دشواری مواجه می‏سازد. A problem is an issue or obstacle which makes it difficult to achieve a desired goal or purpose. It refers to a situation or issue that is yet unresolved. In a broad sense, a problem exists when an individual becomes aware of a significant difference between what actually is and what is desired. In urban studies an urban problem is difference between an observed condition and a desired condition in a city. Thus urban planning is identifying the actions that might effectively narrow the gap between what-is and what-ought-to-be in a city. (حبیب a 1383)….. For eliminate or reduce the distance between the existing and desired conditions, it is necessary to recognize of complex system constructive elements and the interrelationships between them. برای حذف یا کاهش فاصله میان وضع موجود و وضع مطلوب لازم است که عوامل و عناصر سازنده سیستم پیچیده شهر و روابط میان آنها مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد. بنابراین مسأله شهری، در واقع یافتن اجزا و عناصر سازنده یک پدیده شهری و نحوه پیوند و عملکرد آنهاست. Therefore, urban problem, is finding elements of the urban system and relationships between them. This study is concerned with proposing of a fuzzy system driven approach for solving urban problems and introduces a new model for solving urban problems with fuzzy systems principles. In this model, expert knowledge of urban field converts to fuzzy "If-Then" rules at the first. Then a Fuzzy Urban Decision Engine (FUDE) that connected to a rules database, return a fuzzy solution for a wicked problem. The findings indicate that the fuzzy system methods are powerful processes and analytic tools for helping planners to resolve urban complex problems. These tools can be successful where as others have failed because both incorporate or address uncertainty and risk; complexity; systems interacting with other systems; competing points of view and values; different people knowing different parts of the urban problem; and inter organizational politics. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Clarification of relation between social interaction and improvement of living quality within residential complexes (Case study: Behjat Abad Residential Complex, Kooye No Bonyad & Tehran International Tower)
  ghazal safdarian Iraj Etessam Farah Habib
  10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.18027
  Among different types of housing, high-rises construction is considered by many architects and urban planners as one of the most common types, especially after the industrial revolution and advancements in engineering techniques. Construction of tall buildings from its More

  Among different types of housing, high-rises construction is considered by many architects and urban planners as one of the most common types, especially after the industrial revolution and advancements in engineering techniques. Construction of tall buildings from its beginning as a result of modern architecture, for reasons like speed of construction (industrialization), high density (accommodation of more people) etc. grew considerably, but gradually it caused other types of problems including mere consideration of performance, less human interaction, and etc. on the one hand, today, any lack of attention to social interactions in designing process has been changed into one of the major challenges at residential complexes. On the other hand, we have establishment of residential complexes as an effect of population increase, expensive price of land and also economic benefits in our country which may cause further changes in structure of residential spaces and omission of interacted spaces from Iranian architecture. The results are lack of responding to social necessities of people and a reduction in sense of place. Residential apartments have different aspects that should be consistently considered in all stages of their construction, including planning, studies, design and operation, in order to achieve a desired environment and improvement in quality of life. One of the most important factors in evaluating residential complexes is social sustainability that enhances quality of living. In definition "social sustainability in residential complexes is a situation where residents enjoy living in the residential complexes and neighborhood with other residents and they are satisfied”. In other words, human is a social creature and to meet their needs they have to communicate and interact with others. Therefore, considering psychological - social factors besides other indicators like economic and environmental-physical factors are important  for achieving satisfaction as the main criteria for measuring quality of life. In this paper, using field study and questionnaires, social interaction rates in several residential complexes have been evaluated and its objective is evaluation of socio - cultural indicators in residential complexes, determining the position of design in improving social interactions, explaining the role of social interaction in improvement of living quality and finally presenting strategies in this area. In this context, at first the concept of social interactions in housing area and views of scholars in this field have been reviewed and then position of social interactions in the design process to achieve the criteria for comparison of case samples have been analyzed and then considering the results some strategies have been presented at the conclusion. The results indicate that there is always a direct relationship between the amount of social interaction and higher quality of living environment. Moreover, it can be said that the more social factors are considered in the design process, the more willingness of residents to the social interactions are seen and residents feel more satisfaction with their buildings. Communication and social interaction among residents as one of the most important social factors affecting collective living always increase the sense of belonging and continuity of presence in places. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Identifying Effective Indicators for Typology of Urban Fabrics
  Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Hamid Majedi Farah Habib
  20.1001.1.17359562.1389.4.7.11.6
  An unexampled rate of transformation in urban fabric of Iranian metropolises causes many unprecedented physical changes on it. Because of these physical changes, the city's morphology has changed dramatically and in so many cases, because of unplanned / anti - planned c More

  An unexampled rate of transformation in urban fabric of Iranian metropolises causes many unprecedented physical changes on it. Because of these physical changes, the city's morphology has changed dramatically and in so many cases, because of unplanned / anti - planned changes, urban fabric's morphology does not follow regularity and continuity. This trend cause that planning for these kind of urban fabric confronts with difficulty because of great diversity of form in these urban fabric. This research is an attempt to determine effective indicators for classifying urban fabric types in order to plan them. The research used documentary method in compiling theoretical framework for typological and morphological studies, so tries to find some regulative principles for classification. This documentary research showed that there are two paradoxical paradigms: first, researchers need some kind of classification which  contain maximum information and attributes on itself and this will lead to increase in number of types; and second, for making an reasonable classification and manageable set which facilitate planning on it, researchers need minimum types. These two paradoxical paradigms always manifest in complicated fields of classification which have great diversity in itself. Also research finds that there are three approaches in urban morphology: first, environment and behavior with concentration on relations between human behavior and built environment; second, place and its image with concentration on relationships between human experience and built environment; and third, structure and procedure with concentration on built environment evolution with help of analyzing typological elements in urban morphology. Because of its relevance, the research chose third approach. Then by using analytical - comparative method and reviewing some documents and researches, three criteria for defining typologies were determined. These criteria include form and layout, height, streets network. In accordance with two paradigms, research had to choose and analytical unit in urban fabric. Literature review showed that there are three analytical level in urban fabric research: parcels, blocks and neighborhoods. According to the goals of this research, block level was selected. Then from these three criteria, nine indicators were manifested. These indicators include average area of parcels in block, average frontage of parcels in block, average ratio of width to length of parcels, area of block, maximum slope of block, floor area ratio, ground space index, open space ratio, average number of floors in block, average visible surface, average ratio of street width to buildings height, and half of area of adjacent streets to a block as block permeability index. Paradigms of research showed that it is not possible to use all nine indicators together for classifying urban fabric, but it can be classified to main types by using essential indicators and in two stage processes. First, by using more important indicators according to purposes of planning which would be included average area of parcels in block, ground space index, floor area ratio and open space ratio. Then these main types can be subdivided by using remaining indicators to identify sub-types, and this would be a systematic approach for classifying urban fabric.   Manuscript profile