zonation

Open Access Article

1 - Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in Valdian area Using Anbalagan method, East Khoy
HASSAN HAJI HOSSEINLOU

Landslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, and therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation maps are needed for future developmental activities ;Nevertheles , due to complex nature of landslides More

Landslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, and therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation maps are needed for future developmental activities ;Nevertheles , due to complex nature of landslides, usually,a reliable susceptibility map could not prepared by a simple method. For this reason, many procedures have been used to produce such maps. Using Anbalagan Sets to produce a landslide susceptibility map of viliage valdian aria in 1:250000 scale is the main purpose of the present study. Geology, slope angle, rainfall, earthquake and slope aspect were considered as the main landslide factors in the study area. According to produced map, about 9% of the study area is classified as very high susceptibility and about 33% as high susceptibility area. The sudy shows the high sensitivity of viliage valdian aria to slope instability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Assessment of soil erosion zonation using F.A.O model in maroon basin
حمید بابلی موخر Kourosh Shirani morteza khodagholi

The Soil erosion mapping is the priority basement of soil conservation program in the watershed management. This study aimed to apply the FAO model and assessing factors affecting erodibility of soil using GIS and producing soil erosion map in Maroon watershed. For this More

The Soil erosion mapping is the priority basement of soil conservation program in the watershed management. This study aimed to apply the FAO model and assessing factors affecting erodibility of soil using GIS and producing soil erosion map in Maroon watershed. For this purpose, the basin maps were digitized in a scale of 1:50,000 and they were integrated with each other by using ArcGIS10.3 software. Homogeneous units map was produced. Then, according to the scoring table used in the model of FAO and surveying using GPS in the field and apply the factor scores for each homogeneous units was estimated the final score for each factor and the severity of erosion in homogenous units by GIS. Finally, the produced weight map was reclassified according to the FAO model and the minimum and maximum score of the erosion for the evaluated factors. It was categorized in four classes by including low, medium, high and very high classes. The results revealed that 95 percent of the study area located in the moderate erosion (49.06%) to high (45.98%) and only 5% of the area in the relatively moderate erosion (3.66%) and very high (1.30%) were occurred. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Flood hazard zonation in the Meshkinshar Township using by VIKOR model
musa abedini elnaz piroozi leila aghayary elnaz ostadi

One of the most important and distasteful natural hazards of Iran is floodwater hazards. Meshkinshar Township by having mountain face and climate conditions is sustainable for the production of flood hazard. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the zonin More

One of the most important and distasteful natural hazards of Iran is floodwater hazards. Meshkinshar Township by having mountain face and climate conditions is sustainable for the production of flood hazard. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the zoning of part of Meshkinshahr Township with an area of 318 square kilometers in terms of potential flood occurrence. In this study, the first, we investigated 10 flood risk factors in the region. These factors are: slope, elevation, rainfall, temperature, CN, runoff height, distance from drainage, soil, lithology and landuse. Then data layers were prepared by GIS. The standard benchmark map was combined with Fuzzy method. Analysis and Modeling was performed by using the Vikor model. According to the results, elevation, lithology, rainfall and slope value allocated to flood in Meshkinshar. According to zoning map, 23.37 and 52.50 km2 of area located in categories of very risky and high risk, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Mass Movements Hazard Zonation with Using Specific Interpolation and Giving Percentage to Each Sub Factors in Damavand Drainage Basin
Ali Asghar Mohammadi Sadat Feiznia

Recognition of effective factor in mass movements' occurrence and land slide Hazardzonation is one of the most important measures in prevention and reduction of theirhazards. In this research mass movements hazard zonation was done in DamavandDrainage Basin with 761 km2 More

Recognition of effective factor in mass movements' occurrence and land slide Hazardzonation is one of the most important measures in prevention and reduction of theirhazards. In this research mass movements hazard zonation was done in DamavandDrainage Basin with 761 km2 area, located in Southern Albours Mountains using specificinterpolation method and giving percentage to each sub factors .For doing this, first massmovements inventory map of the area which was prepared using air photos with the scaleof 1:20000 and 1:50000 and field works. (Sefidgari, 2001) was used. In this map 410landslides, 162 falls, 56 soliflucsion, 26 soliflucsion flow and the total of 654 massmovements were shown. In this research, the effective factors for mass movements'occurrence were recognized to be as follows: land use, geological formation, rainfall,slope, aspect and elevation. Then by using mass movements' inventory map andquantification of effective factor in mass movements' occurrence, mass movements'hazard zonation was done in the area as follows: first mass movements inventory map wasquantified by giving percentages to each sub factor of above-mentioned factors. Foredoing this, all the factors that were quantified, were interred in to Arc view softwareenvironment as quantified, descriptive tables. Here all 654 movements were interred in todescriptive tables according to above-mentioned factors and sub factors. Then each factorand their quantitative number for mass movements were prepared as raster map. Thisprocess was done by extensional facilities of Arc view which is called "Extension SpatialAnalyst". The raster maps of six factors with cellular resolution of. /0014 meters, for massmovements were added together, in order to obtain hazard zonation of each movement.For evaluation of hazard zonation accuracy and separation ability of the used method,mass movements hazard zonation maps were overlaid with vector maps of massmovements' inventory maps and necessary change about the kind of considered factorswere made. The privileges of this method is as follows: It uses actual data obtained fromthe field works, by using this method, effective factors in mass movements occurrencecould be identified, it can be performed in any area, and the accuracy of hazard zonation isdepended on the accuracy of information gathered in the field. ward each other and thehigh distribution coefficient confirms this factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The analyzing and assessment of share's role of factors on the Rock flow's occurrence, by using of bivariated methods Case study: Garangoo catchments (eastern slope of Sahand Mt.,NW of Iran)
M. B. Khatibi

Catchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, fre More

Catchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, frequently are occurred on rocky slope of semi-arid mountain.These events are the natural outcome of natural processes which the occurrences ofevents are intensive with human impacts and are threat the human structure ,speciallyin mountain area and are imposed economical damage to villager The environmentmanagement is require firstly, to study mechanism of the occurrence of these eventsand then zonation of susceptible area to the occurrence events. The aim this article isassessment share of factors and is define share of 10 factors on the occurrence of Rockflow. The Rock flow hazard mapping is often performed through the identification andanalysis instability factors .For mapping ,firstly distribution map of factor produce anddigitized of factors and then analyzed by bivariated methods and the next stage,weighted to factors and final stage, produced Rock flow hazard zonation map by usingof Arc/View .This map show that, large part of Garangoo catchment is consist ofvolcano ash ,marl and old alluvial ,with steep slope at site of 2000 m altitude. Thevolcanic material (andesite and dasite) specially Miocene volcanic stone,produced thedebris and rock segments. These materials deposited on roads surface and distortedpassengers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Landslides Hazard Zonation Using Logistic Regression Method (Case Study: Safaroud Watershed)
Amir Eshaghi Baharak Motamedvaziri Sadat Feiznia

Identification of regions having potential for landslides occurrence, is one of thebasic measures in natural resources management. In this Study, in order to preparinglandslides hazard zonation map in Safaroud watershed, by using geographicinformation system software (A More

Identification of regions having potential for landslides occurrence, is one of thebasic measures in natural resources management. In this Study, in order to preparinglandslides hazard zonation map in Safaroud watershed, by using geographicinformation system software (ArcGIS9.3), topographic maps (1:25000), fieldobservations and interpretation of aerial photo, basic maps such as geographical map,hypsometry, slope Degree, slope aspect, the average annual rainfall, maximum 24-hour rainfall with return period 100 years, the maximum earthquake acceleration andthe distance of roads, rivers and faults, is produced. Then using Logistic RegressionMethod, landslides hazard zonation map of this watershed is prepared. The resultsshowed that 52.28 percent area of Safaroud watershed have had high and very highclasses of hazard, and theses areas are located on formations content layer of silt stone,sheyl, sandstone, conglomera and coal, on Slope from 15 to 35 degrees, close to roads,rivers and faults and in the average heights (1000 to 1500 meters asl.) that have largeamount of rainfall (more than 850 mm). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analysis and investigation of landslide hazard zoning using of hierarchical analysis and artificial neural network models in the southern foothills of the Alborz (Tajrish of Tehran)
Mohsen Ranjbar Asal Fadak

In this research, by review of previous works and field works, the Nine factors identifiedeffective factors in landslide hazard and used for analysis risk by GIS software. the occurredland slides in the study area were gathered and rectified by GPS. These Nine maps were More

In this research, by review of previous works and field works, the Nine factors identifiedeffective factors in landslide hazard and used for analysis risk by GIS software. the occurredland slides in the study area were gathered and rectified by GPS. These Nine maps werecrossed with the occurred landslide map and Landslides amounts and their areas werecomputed in each class. After determining the rate of each factor (element), land slidezonation was performed in GIS by artificial neural network and AHP Models. The efficiencyof output results of models was assessed by DR and QS indices. The results of DR indexshowed The map was produced using a neural network than maps produced using the analytichierarchy higher accuracy for the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Feasibility of landslide risk using Entropy model, case study: (Shirpnah mountainous region in South West Kermanshah Province)
Shirin Mohammadkhan Abdolkarim Veisi Keyvan Bagheri

The main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theo More

The main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theoccurrence of the landslide. In the survey aerial photographs, satellite imagery, topographicmaps, geological maps and field research to identify the area and were photography from theoccurred landslide. In order to landslide susceptibility Mapping in the area of entropy modelwas used in GIS environment. The results show that the distance of the fault, slope,elevation, lithology and slope, have respectively, the greatest impact of landslides in thisarea. The total area of 20 km² (32%) is consist of in high-risk areas and 380 km² (84/48%) inaverage-risk zones. This suggests that the potential risk of landslides in the area is high. Alsothe results suggest that a 60 percent area landslides in the area in the sensitive areasidentified by the entropy model was located. Therefore, the validity of the proposed model isverified and Susceptibility maps produced can be used as a reference in the planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Assessment and Landslide Hazard Zonation by Anbalagan Method and ArcGIS (Case study: Chak rood Drainage Basin)
Mehdi shafaghati Ataolah Maslehatjo

In drainage basin of the northern part of Iran, landslide hazard is increasing because of sensitive formation, incorrect land use, and more rain. One of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of differe More

In drainage basin of the northern part of Iran, landslide hazard is increasing because of sensitive formation, incorrect land use, and more rain. One of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. There are different methods for zoning, Anbalagan method purposed to gain the results. In this method, the required map (slope, aspect, land use, litology, structural litology, ground water, landform and facet map) provided with GIS softwares, Arcmap, then weighted with Anbalagan method. The landslide zonation map is prepared. Finally, for the accuracy evaluation of the Anbalagan method, the landslide distribution map provided for the area. Then compared with landslide zonation map. The results have shown that most of landslides are occurred in HHzone which were predicted by this method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Gully erosion hazard zonation in Torood watershed
Zahra Arab ghashghaie Davood Nikkami Samad Shadfar Abolfazl Moeini

Gully eroaion is one of the developed forms of water erosion which redolent ofsurface soil destruction in the lands. Recognize of the effective factors in happence ofgully erosion and it’s zonation is a basic implement to manage and control thisphenomenon. this st More

Gully eroaion is one of the developed forms of water erosion which redolent ofsurface soil destruction in the lands. Recognize of the effective factors in happence ofgully erosion and it’s zonation is a basic implement to manage and control thisphenomenon. this study has been performed with aim of recognizing the effectivefactors on the gully erosion making and it’s zonation in the watershed of Torood. Themost important effective factor in happending gully erosion such as slope, aspect,litology, land use, distance of communications network, land and canopy cover wereselected as the most important factors on gully development and their layers wereprovided in GIS environment. All three gullies in the area were selected for the study.For each gully, three soil samples were collected from 25, 50 and 75 percent of gullylength and three from outside of gully for comparison. This Samples have examinedfrom the view of Gypsum, Organic Carbon, Salinity, Saturation Percentage, Lime,Sodiun Absorption Ratio and PH. Gully erosion zonation map of Torood watershedwas prepared using 1:40,000 areal photos of 2001 and field measurements using GPS.The area covered by gully erosion in each class of effective factors, were computed byoverlaying gully erosion zonation map with effective factor layers. Effective factorsand their classes in related layers were weighted using Multi Class Mapsmethod.Results demonstrated that 88 percent of gullies are located at high to very highclasses of vulnerability zones. Soil analysis also indicated that salinity, gypsum andsodium absorption ratio in the gullies are higher and the amount of organic carbon isless than that of surrounded areas. But, there were no significant difference betweensaturation percentage, lime and pH in the gullies and surrounded areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Environmental Hazard Zonation Affect on Physical Development of Tabriz City
Sh Roostaei بهروز Sarisaraf

Natural elements such as fertile soil, fresh climate, abundant water supply, alluvialfans, springs, minerals and so much others; now a days becomes basis for developmentof settlement, economic, industrial and agriculture centers. Beside the benefits, thereare many hazar More

Natural elements such as fertile soil, fresh climate, abundant water supply, alluvialfans, springs, minerals and so much others; now a days becomes basis for developmentof settlement, economic, industrial and agriculture centers. Beside the benefits, thereare many hazardous phenomena such as landslide, earthquake, faults, and floods thatyearly cause’s damage for man made structures.In this research we have recognized all natural hazards affects Tapirs city. Themain aims of this article are hazards verifying and their analysis and presentation ofbest procedure for countermeasures against. These analyses show that, Tabriz fault ismain hazardous factor among others; and hazards such as landslide and subsidence myaccurse after earthquake. Flood is other natural hazard in Tabriz city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of Ecological Capability of Ahar, Kalibar and Varzeghan Cities for Urban Development
Nafiseh Rezapoor Andabili mehrdad mirsanjari

10.22034/jest.2020.31239.3955

Background and Objective: Evaluation of ecological capability is a process which attempts to establish an appropriate and balanced development between human and nature through adjusting their relationship. The aim of this study is to evaluate ecological capability of ur More

Background and Objective: Evaluation of ecological capability is a process which attempts to establish an appropriate and balanced development between human and nature through adjusting their relationship. The aim of this study is to evaluate ecological capability of urban development landuse in Ahar, Kalibar and Varzeghan cities. Method: Evaluation process of ecological capability of current study involves three main parts: the ecological capability of the underlying studied area was determined after identification of ecological resources, data analysis and conclusion. Information layers used in this study involved: soil, climate, plant cover and land shape. Findings: Ahar, Kalibar and Varzaghan cities are located in the northwest of East Azarbaijan province with a total of 930214 hectares. The surveys show that about 300,000 are in the first floor, about 293,000 are in the second floor and about 141,000 are in the third category of urban development. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that the integration of information layer using GIS has the high ability to evaluate the urban development landuse. According to the result and findings and the three mentioned cities have good potential for urban development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process with magnesium-aluminum double layer hydroxide nanocomposite doped on zeolite in mineralization of cefixime antibiotic in Aqueous Solution
yalda sheikh elham Tazikeh-Lemeski yousef Dadban Shahamat

10.30495/jest.2023.68268.5709

Background and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medici More

Background and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Cefixime (CFX) is also one of these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of cefixime from synthetic sample using catalytic ozonation with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides Doped with zeolite. Material and Methodology: In this experimental and laboratory study MgAl-LDH/Zeolite nanocomposite was used in laboratory reactor and ozonation to remove cefixime. Effect of pH variables (5,6,7,8,9), amount of nanocomposite (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5 g/L), initial concentration of cefixime (5,10,15,20,25 mg/L) and reaction time (5,18.75,32.5,46.25,60 min) were examined to find the maximum mineralization efficiency and response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design experiments, analyze data and achieve optimal conditions. Analysis of variance was also used to analyze the date. This research was done in 2021-2022. Findings: The maximum mineralization efficiency of cefixime under optimal conditions (pH=8.70, nanocomposite value=1.76 g/L, initial concentration of cefixime=24.06 mg/L, contact time=40.76 min) is 78%, which increases the target efficiency with increasing pH and contact time. Discussion and Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides nanocomposite Doped with zeolite can be used effectively and efficiency to remove cefixime in aqueous media.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - حل دستگاه ازن مرتبه دوم ویژه توسط OHAM
صادق پورجعفر زینب آیتی محمود شفیعی

سیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین  عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب More

سیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین  عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب کبدی و سرطان شده، همچنین باعث صرف هزینه های بالای اجتماعی و بهداشتی می گردد. هر چند که سیانوباکتری ها در مقابل مواد ضد عفونی مقاوم هستند، اما نشان داده شده که ازن قابلیت بالایی در سم زدائی سیانوباکتری ها دارد. ازن محلول در آب به طور همزمان باعث ضد عفونی بیشتر و اکسیداسیون با OH رادیکال می گردد. در این مقاله، جواب دستگاه تجزیه مرتبۀ دوم ازن با OH رادیکال و میکروسیستین – ال آر بدون مواد آلی محلول (DOC) به دست آمد. نتیجه اینکه با کمترین هزینه و زمان، می توان با این مشکل مبارزه نمود. دستگاه دیفرانسیل مربوطه به روش هموتوپی مجانبی بهینه حل شد و نتایج حاصل با شکل بیان گردید. نشان داده شد که با مقدار کمی ازن و زمانی اندک، می توان مقدار زیادی از میکروسیستین – ال آر را صفر نمود. به این منظور اسیدیتۀ 2 ، 4 و 7 در حرارت 10 ، 20 و 30 درجۀ سانتیگراد بررسی گردید. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils in South Gorgan, North of Iran
Morteza Taherpour Khalil Abad Elham Mojtahedin

A calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide techniq More

A calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide technique. Thirty seven calcareous nannofossils species were identified and used to make biostratigraphic zonations and dating of the strata. The distribution of the calcareous nannofossils enabled the establishment of five zones: Quadrum trifidum (CC22),Tranolithus phacelosus (CC23), Reinhardtites levis (CC24), Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis (CC25) and Nephrolithus frequens (CC26) belonging to late Late Campanian – late Late Maastrichtian following standard zonation schemes of previous workers. The zones were based on the first and last occurrences of marker species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Soil Liquefaction Hazard Zonation Map for Kordkuy County, Golsetan Province Using Model SWM
Mahtab Forootan Esmaeil Silakhori Ehsan Alvandi

Liquefaction is one of the most determinant factors in the collapse of transportation infrastructures. This is especially true for roads and railroads located on saturated, fine-sand substrates under seismic conditions. The damage and human casualties resulting from liq More

Liquefaction is one of the most determinant factors in the collapse of transportation infrastructures. This is especially true for roads and railroads located on saturated, fine-sand substrates under seismic conditions. The damage and human casualties resulting from liquefaction highlight the importance of understanding and mapping this phenomenon. Soil liquefaction occurs as a natural hazard in saturated, loose sand due to increased pore pressure and low shear strength. The purpose of this study was to prepare a soil liquefaction hazard zonation map for Kordkuy County, located in Golsetan Province, using data collection, basic digital mapping (soil deposits map, ground water depth and earthquake acceleration map), three parametric Stanford Watershed Models (SWM) and ArcGIS software . An empirical liquefaction model as a function of the three studied variables was used to model liquefaction in four hazard classes using ArcGIS software. According to the results, most areas fall into the nonhazardous and moderately hazardous risk classes. A portion of the Eastern County was classified as highly hazardous due mostly to its close proximity to an earthquake focal point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - ////////
Fahimeh Ebrahim Moghdam Ahmad Abasnegad

The purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were over More

The purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were overlapped with the landslide distribution map,until the role of landslides distribution to be determined. Finally, the 7 factors including slope, Seismicity, lithology, Drainage density, Morphology, Precipitation, Land use were identified as factors influencing in landslides the basin. The maps the landslide hazard zonation was prepared based on these 7 factors and the methods of AHP and Fuzzy Gamma operator 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 in GIS. Also the index of Quality sum (Qs) were used for evaluation of the accuracy of zonation maps. The results of the evaluation of the maps showed that the amount the indices Qs for AHP model is equal to 2.31 and for Fuzzy Gamma operator, it would be 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively 4.05,1.85,3.27. Therefore, it is concluded that the operator the Fuzzy gamma would be 0.7 compared to other methods. So it is better for utilization in the landslide hazard zonation in in Kerman province Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Hazard zonation of slope instability along Kan-Souleghan route by the use of Fuzzy method
Sahar Hasani Ali Uromiea Zhara Maleki

Slope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapp More

Slope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapping is considered to be one of the most reliable methods for evaluating the potential of landslide event along road. These maps can provide in the way of useful information in relation to the identification of high risk areas offer and accordingly, stabilization methods proposed to prevent such risks. In this study, maps of hazard zone landsliding were produced, by using fuzzy logic in ArcGIS and IDRISI along Kan–Suleghan road. Then, in order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of different operators, for creating better results, the fuzzy method was used. Based on studies, revealed the effects of tectonic factors such as faults is most effective parameter. In zoning maps, risk of landslide with fuzzyoverlayOR, the scope of present landslides in the region compared to the area with possibility of landslide occurance in the maps have been showed the good matching. So, in the paper, area it is suggested to prevent construction projects in area with high probability of landslides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Seismic geotechnic and dynamic soil behavior analysis of Bahabad city, South East Yazd
Ahmad Adib Akram Kosari

Bahabad city is located in south Yazd province of Iran, about 200 Km far from east yazd city. In this study,seismic microzonation of the city is done based on the area seismicity with specific return period, and by usingobtained data of the 5 boreholes to determinate dy More

Bahabad city is located in south Yazd province of Iran, about 200 Km far from east yazd city. In this study,seismic microzonation of the city is done based on the area seismicity with specific return period, and by usingobtained data of the 5 boreholes to determinate dynamic soil behavior and ground response against earthquake.To analyze site effect precisely, we used EERA program and provided microzonation maps by Kriging methodand using ArcGIS software. The study showed that the city center has a higher amplification factor than the otherparts. The area classified to two ground type: IIb (hard soil with thickness more than 30 m) and IIIb (moderatedense soil) based on standard 2800 of Iran. Maximum acceleration and amplification factor of the surface arehigher and decrease to go around. The center of the city has hard soil with thickness more than 30 m (IIb) andtherefore, maximum spectral acceleration. This trend decreases into the around. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Landslide Hazard Zoning Maps Sufiyan Area By Using AHP Model In GIS
Hamid Shahinfar

Mass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study i More

Mass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study is to investigate that factors influencing the landslides through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then hazard zonation map in the studied region. To do this, six landslide factors, including (1) lithology, (2) slope, (3) the distance of fault, (4) elevation, (5) the distance from the spring and (6) land usage, have been detected as important factors affecting the landslides in this area. Each layer is imported as data into GIS, and their weights are illustrated by using hierarchical analysis. Any how by integrating layers in GIS landslide hazards are mapped in 5 levels as very high-risky, high-risky, medium-risky, less-risky and very less-risky. The results show that most parts of the area are in the very less-risky (43%), and the others covered less-risky (22%), medium-risky (17%), high-risky (9%) and very high-risky (9%) parts of the area. From the mention factors in slopes instabilities, lithology, slope and the distance form fault ordinarily have impact on the slope movements of the studied region Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The inhibitory effect of water ozonation on reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus growth during wheat tempering
sasan rezaie

Introduction and Objectives: Food and feed spoilage moulds cause great economic losses worldwide. Wheat is important cereal in Iran and very sensitive to mould contamination specially aflatoxigenic moulds. Ozone recognized as a strong disinfection substance since before More

Introduction and Objectives: Food and feed spoilage moulds cause great economic losses worldwide. Wheat is important cereal in Iran and very sensitive to mould contamination specially aflatoxigenic moulds. Ozone recognized as a strong disinfection substance since before 1997. It decomposes rapidly to molecular oxygen without leaving a residue.Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of ozonated water on growth of Aspergillus parasiticus, wheat samples inoculated with spore suspension (10, 102,104 spore/gr wheat) of Aspergillus parasiticus and incubated at 25-30◦Cfor 10 days. Contaminated samples incubated at <20, 25,40◦C for 24h,after tempering with ozonated water to concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 2.5 mg ozone/l. For evaluate of ozone effectiveness on reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus, weighing of mould mycelium method was used after drying.Then fungal mycelia were weighted to evaluate the effect of ozone on Aspergillus parasiticus growth. Result: Results indicated that ozonated water can reduce Aspergillus parasiticus growth and this the reduction can be increased due to increasing of ozone concentration. Tempering with ozonated water had significant effect on A. parasiticus growth (P< 0.001) . Conculusion: Therefore the ozonated water usage in wheat tempering can be caused reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus growth.Key words: Wheat, ozonation, tempering, Aspergillus parasiticus Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The inhibitory effect of water ozonation on reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus growth during wheat tempering
matin mohamadi kochesfehani mahmoud ali mohamadi gholamreza jahed khaniki ramin nabizadeh noudehi zeynab aghamohseni maryam moazeni sasan rezaie

Food and feed spoilage moulds cause great economic losses worldwide. Wheat is important cereal in Iran and very sensitive to mould contamination aflatoxigenic moulds. Ozone recognized as a strong disinfection substance since before 1997. It decomposes rapidly to molecul More

Food and feed spoilage moulds cause great economic losses worldwide. Wheat is important cereal in Iran and very sensitive to mould contamination aflatoxigenic moulds. Ozone recognized as a strong disinfection substance since before 1997. It decomposes rapidly to molecular oxygen without leaving a residue. In order to study the effect of ozonated water on growth of Aspergillus parasiticus, wheat samples inoculated with spore suspension (10, 102,104spore/gr wheat) of Aspergillus parasiticus and incubated at 25-30◦Cfor 10 days. Contaminated samples incubated at <20, 25, 40◦C for 24h, after tempering with ozonated water to concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 2.5 mg ozone/l. For evaluate of ozone effectiveness on reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus, weighing of mould mycelium method was used after drying.Then fungal mycelia were weighted to evaluate the effect of ozone on Aspergillus parasiticus growth. Results indicated that ozonated water can reduce Aspergillus parasiticus growth and this the reduction can be increased due to increasing of ozone concentration. Tempering with ozonated water had significant effect on A. parasiticus growth (p Aspergillus parasiticus growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Treatment of dairy effluent by ozonation: Design of experiments by response surface methodology
Ali Mehrizad Akbar Hajipour Fahimeh Derakhshanfard Leila Amirkhany

Dairy industries are one of the major sectors consuming huge amounts of water converting into effluents during various processes. Dairy effluents contain complex organic matters which are not easily degraded by simple methods. Hence, dexterous and effective techniques a More

Dairy industries are one of the major sectors consuming huge amounts of water converting into effluents during various processes. Dairy effluents contain complex organic matters which are not easily degraded by simple methods. Hence, dexterous and effective techniques are required to treat these types of wastewater. In this regard, advanced oxidation processes like ozonation are an emergent approach to ameliorate the wastewater treatments. Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidizer, and the strong electrophilic nature of O3 enables it to react with various organic compounds. In the ozonation process (OP), the reaction between O3 and pollutants can be explained by direct or indirect reactions, i.e. through the reaction with O3 or decomposition of O3 molecules and formation of hydroxyl radicals (°OH).The Box-Behnken method based on RSM was employed in the planning stage of the experimental approach, and the results indicated that under optimal conditions, the maximum CODr efficiency of 55.95% was obtained that was verified experimentally. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Optimizing water ozonation conditions with the aim of removing estrone and 17β-estradiol hormones
kh. Abbaszadeh Maroufan H. Mirzaei A.A. Matin A. Javadi A. Amani-gadim

10.30495/jfh.2020.1908282.1283

The presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment and their adverse effects on human and animal health have attracted much attention in recent years. Estrogens are the most important endocrine disruptors and estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) is th More

The presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment and their adverse effects on human and animal health have attracted much attention in recent years. Estrogens are the most important endocrine disruptors and estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) is the strongest of them. This study aimed to optimize the conditions of the removal of E1 and E2hormones in water using ozonation. To evaluate the amount of E1and E2, high-performance liquid chromatography was used. To evaluate the effect of ozonation on the removal of the studied hormones, first, the optimal ozonation conditions in terms of ozone gas concentration, ozonation time, pH, and E1 and E2hormones were calculated. According to the obtained results, ozone concentration of 4 mg / l, duration of 5 minutes, pH of 6, and initial concentration of the solution of E1 and E2hormones up to 10 mg / l had the greatest effect. Eventually, ozonation under optimal conditions eliminated 90% of E1 and 95% of E2. Overall, the results of this study showed that ozonation under optimal conditions is a good way to remove these hormones from water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Investigation of the amount of bisphenol A in commercial bottled water (offered in Ardabil market) and optimization of ozonation to reduce it
M.A. Rahimizad Toulon H. Mirzaei A.A. Matin A. Javadi A. Amani Ghadim

10.30495/jfh.2021.677459

< p >Bisphenol A is a chemical substance that impairs estrogenic endocrine and the presence of BPA in water causes various problems for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the amount of BPA in bottled waters in Ardabil and to optimize the ozone condit More

< p >Bisphenol A is a chemical substance that impairs estrogenic endocrine and the presence of BPA in water causes various problems for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the amount of BPA in bottled waters in Ardabil and to optimize the ozone condition for reducing it in water. For this purpose, 5 samples were selected out of 13 brands of bottled water. One sample of each brand was tested on the first day and 4 other samples were tested after 30 days of storage at temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 40 °C using a high-performance liquid chromatography device. To determine the ozonation efficiency, at first, the concentration of consuming ozone, pH of the environment, duration of ozonation, and initial concentration of BPA were optimized and then tested under optimal conditions. On the first day, the amount of BPA in all brands was within the limits allowed by the Department of Health of America (20 µg/L). By increasing the temperature of storage, the amount of BPA increased in all samples and at 40 °C, its amount exceeded the allowable limit in 3 brands. Optimal conditions are achieved at an ozone concentration of 6 mg/l, pH equal to 7, concentration of dissolved BPA equal to 10 mg/l, and ozonation time in 10 minutes. Furthermore, ozonation in these conditions removed 90% of BPA in water. In general, it can be declared that the contamination of BPA in bottled waters increases during preservation, and especially at temperatures higher than a refrigerator (out of the refrigerator), and ozonation under optimized condition is an effective method to reduce it. < p > TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile

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26 - Earthquake vulnerability Zonation in Ilam city
Syed Jahangir Musavi Nasab Abbas malekhoseini Majid Shams

the current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then us More

the current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then using the AHP method and the opinions of 73 experts and weight experts related to each of the variables in the Export Choice environment, and finally, using the FAHP method and in the GIS environment, a map related to the zoning of Ilam city's vulnerability to earthquake risk was drawn. Based on this, at first 10 variables: slope of land, distance from fault, number of building floors, age of building, quality of building, area of parts, durability of construction materials, distance from roads, distance from medical centers and distance from green and open space were identified as influencing variables, based on the AHP method; 3 variables, the distance from the fault, the slope of the area and the distance from the roads were identified as the most important and effective variables with weights of 0.184, 0.147 and 0.121 respectively. Also, the results related to the zoning status of the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes indicate that more than 600 hectares of the area of Ilam city are in a high and very high vulnerability state in the event of an earthquake. Also, 580 hectares of Ilam city are in a low and very low vulnerability state. Finally, 299 hectares of Ilam city is in a medium vulnerability state Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Landslide hazard zonation using the Frequency ratio model and fuzzy logic (Case Study: Central Section of Jam Township)
amir safari monireh Rayati Shavvazi maryam Jan Ahmadi laila Shirzad Malayeri

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Open Access Article

28 - Flood Risk Zonation Using Compilation CN Model and AHP Via GIS (Case Study: River Basin Balekhlo)
Ezzat allah Ghanavati Amir Safari Ebrahim Beheshti Javid Esmaeil Mansourian

In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most More

In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most common method to predict runoff volume. For this purpose, the data and information required includes: the maximum daily rainfall statistics, maps Density of vegetation, soil and Hydrologic Soil Groups were prepared and entered into Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Combining these data with the model (SCS), maps (CN) basin, the amount of precipitation (S) and runoff (Q) was prepared. Finally, the hierarchical analytical process was used and six factors include: runoff, hydrological soil groups, slope, vegetation density, land use and drainage density were weighted using AHP method. Finally, the zonation map of flood potential produced with different return periods (5, 15, 25 and 50 years) by weighed layers. Results showed that about 40 to 47 percent of watershed areas, during periods of 5 to 50 years have moderate flooding potential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Magnetically separable MgFe2O4 nanoparticle for efficient catalytic ozonation of organic pollutants
Akbar Eslami Ali Oghazyan Mansour Sarafraz

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Open Access Article

30 - Comparing activated carbon and magnetic activated carbon in removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate from aqueous solution by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process
Vahid Mohammadi Masoumeh Tabatabaee Abdolmajid Fadaei Seyed Abolghasem Mirhoseini

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Open Access Article

31 - Evaluation of Pre-ozonation Unit Efficiency in Turbidity and TOC Removal (Case Study: Kouhsabz Water Treatment Plant)
Bahman Masoomi Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Tayebeh Tabatabaei Esmael kouhgardi Sahand Jorfi

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of raw water entering the treatment plant and the pre-ozonation unit's efficiency is to remove these compounds. Sampling from raw water and pre-ozonation water was done w More

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of raw water entering the treatment plant and the pre-ozonation unit's efficiency is to remove these compounds. Sampling from raw water and pre-ozonation water was done within 6 months and tested according to the standard method of the method. The results showed that there was a direct correlation between total organic carbon content and turbidity that's more in winter and in February with a high turbidity of 18NTU and TOC above 7mg / l. It was also found that the average pre-ozonation unit efficiency in the removal of total organic carbon with an average ozone dose of 3kg / hr and the contact time 18 minutes, is 20.52%, The highest TOC removal efficiency was in February (35.7%) and the lowest removal efficiency (14.08%) in May. The average turbidity removal efficiency is 61%, the highest and lowest percentages eliminated respectively were in February with 85.2% and 30% in July. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of pre-ozonation unit in removing organic compounds and ... It is necessary to carefully consider the process and design factors To increase the efficiency of removal of compounds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Investigating the nature of foams produced in water treatment process units after pre-ozonation operation
Bahman Masoomi

The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the foam produced in the process of water purification operations after the pre- ozonation which on a real scale on the pre-ozonation unit of Kuh Sabz water treatment plant in Fars province with has been done by chang More

The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the foam produced in the process of water purification operations after the pre- ozonation which on a real scale on the pre-ozonation unit of Kuh Sabz water treatment plant in Fars province with has been done by changing the dose of ozone injection and sampling of the foams. The results showed that the foam formed in the ponds they are mainly composed of two parts, hydrophobic and hydrophilic which contains compounds such as turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved organics, surfactants, fats, nitrates, phosphates, cyanobacteria and chlorophyll a. Analysis of foam forming factors in process units showed that aromatic and aliphatic structures of compounds unstable due to reaction with other chemicals added to water and due to the lack of suitable conditions for coagulation and flocculation causes the formation of foam in water treatment process units. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Zonation and Spatial Analysis of Urban Regions in Terms of Social Anomalies and Identification of Urban Crime-Prone Centers (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan)
S. Mohammadi Omnab K. Hoseinzadehdalir P. Norouzi Sani

This study aims to identify and present an image of crime-prone centers and social anomalies at areas of Tabriz city. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods have been used. Professional Software of Crime Spatial Analysis in GI More

This study aims to identify and present an image of crime-prone centers and social anomalies at areas of Tabriz city. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods have been used. Professional Software of Crime Spatial Analysis in GIS environment, Variance and Covariance Statistical Methods and Toki Test, Clustering Test (the nearest neighbor index) and Interpolation Method were used for crime spatial pattern analyses in Tabriz city areas. Findings of the study indicated that the most important urban crime-prone centers of Tabriz city are in the regions 6, 4 and 10 which are of the most populated districts of the city with improper physical structure and lower controllability. According to the comparison of the means and their order, regions 2 and 3 obtained the least scores of social anomalies, respectively. To show the study variables distribution pattern, we used the nearest neighbor pattern, which is completely spread in all variables, considering distribution pattern model. Next, according to the findings of the field study we used interpolation model for zonation of the study variables in Tabriz city regions. Zonation of the variable of wickedness in Tabriz city had the most and the least densities in the regions 6, 4 and 10 and also, the regions 2, 1, and 8, correspondingly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Zonation of Landslide Hazards Appraisal in NW Hillsides of Binalud Zone Case Study: The Shandiz Mountainous Domain in NW of Mashhad Township (Northeast of Iran)
Abolfazl Behniafar Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar

Landslides in country mountainous domains have annual, more than 500 milliard Rials, economical damages. Geomorphologic studies at tree last decades have essential roles at appraisal of country landslides. Amplification of landuse and surface loose formations in northwe More

Landslides in country mountainous domains have annual, more than 500 milliard Rials, economical damages. Geomorphologic studies at tree last decades have essential roles at appraisal of country landslides. Amplification of landuse and surface loose formations in northwest hillsides of binalud zone causes medium and minor scale landslide events. By attention to touristy attractiveness in this basin, the mass movement of hillsides will redound to environmental hazards and catastrophism.  In this article we appraise the landslide hazards with Anbalagan Model and 6 environmental variables. The consequences displays that southeast regions of case study area have highly grade of landslide hazards through existence of colluvial and loose formations and essential anthropogenic elements. Increasing landuse in loose formation of Mashhad Phylite mainly as traditional agronomy and water intuition of rivers to alluvial traces and hillsides are important elements in landuse events in case study confine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Landslide Hazards Zonation Using the Overlap Index and AHP Method (Case Study: Sattarkhan Dam Watershed)
Somayeh Nemati Naser Abdi

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Open Access Article

36 - Microbiostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation in Mook Area (South of Shiraz)
Mohammadreza Esmaeilbeig Khosro Khosrotehrani

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Open Access Article

37 - Evaluation of the reaction kinetic in degradation of Acetanilide from pharmaceutical industry effluent by ozonation process
aref shokri meysam abdolkarimi

Acetanilide is one of the most important intermediate chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, which is used as an antiseptic and analgesic, and so far no research has been done to treat and destroy the effluent containing this contaminant. In this study, for the first More

Acetanilide is one of the most important intermediate chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, which is used as an antiseptic and analgesic, and so far no research has been done to treat and destroy the effluent containing this contaminant. In this study, for the first time, synthetic wastewater containing Acetanilide has been treated with ozonation process and the effect of process variables was investigated using BoxBehnken design method in semi− batch reactor. The optimum condition was achieved at 15 mg/l of ozone, the pH at 9 and the initial concentration of Acetanilide at 50 mg / l, and in 30 minutes 100% of the Acetanilide and 61.5% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were removed. The most important influencing factor was pH, and due to the formation of hydroxyl radical, the efficiency of pollutant degradation in alkaline environment was higher. Due to the production of intermediate carboxylic acid, the rate of destruction of Acetanilide was much higher than the rate of mineralization and removal of COD. The rate equation of pollutant degradation was of the pseudo− first order type and the rate constant and half− life of the degradation reaction were determined to be as 152.2×10-3 min-1 and 4.55 min, respectively.   Manuscript profile

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38 - Probabilistic Landslide Risk Analysis and Mapping (Case Study: Chehel-Chai Watershed, Golestan Province, Iran)
Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini Majid Ownegh Amir Sadaldin Armin Mashayekhan

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