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Open Access Article
1 - Social Problems of Nasirid Era as Reflected in Qanun-i- Qazwini
Hosian BayatlooThe political and intellectual relationships between Iran and the European countries in the mid-Nasirid period, gave rise to some kind of reformism among the elites and the intellectuals. Accordingly, there were many critical writings about turbulent socio-political sit MoreThe political and intellectual relationships between Iran and the European countries in the mid-Nasirid period, gave rise to some kind of reformism among the elites and the intellectuals. Accordingly, there were many critical writings about turbulent socio-political situation of Iran. They were written not only by the intellectuals but also by the lay people (including the artisans and businessmen). As the most interesting one is Qanun-i-Qazwini, a critical treatise by Muḥammad shafi’ Qazwini. What makes it most interesting is that the treatise was written not by an intellectual but by an artisan and businessman. This study attempted to reexamine the most important social problems of the Nasirid Time as represented by the Moḥammad Shafi. As Moḥammad Shafi pointed out, the social problems goes mainly back to the security and the economical structures. First chapter considers that how the economy would increase the social problems. The second chapter shows how the insecurity, as Qazwini said, may increase the rubbery. Using descriptive-analytical method, the author tried to explain the situation by comparing Qazwini’s studies with what happened in the Nasirid Time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Social factors influencing on robbery in Iran (A case study of Tehran Railway Station: 2004-2006)
Alireza Kaldi Reza Vaziri Pak -
Open Access Article
3 - A dynamic approach to improving the rubber recycling industry using the dynamics of the system
sayyed mohammad reza davoodi Mona BeyranvandBackground and Objective: Recycling of materials is one of the most important issues in urban waste management system today. The worn out tires are one of the most important types of solid wastes or solids, because their departure from the cycle of production and consum MoreBackground and Objective: Recycling of materials is one of the most important issues in urban waste management system today. The worn out tires are one of the most important types of solid wastes or solids, because their departure from the cycle of production and consumption means starting a commitment to the environment. Although the longevity of car tires has grown more than before, it is also unrealistic that the roads of different countries are now dominated by more cars. This study aimed to find the factors affecting the development of rubber recycling. Material and Methodology: In this paper, the dynamics of the system is used. In this research, articles, library resources and the Internet have been used and based on it, it has been used to draw up causal, inventory and flow charts. Extracting the equations for the relationship between model variables and introducing them into Vensim ple 6.4 software led to simulation of the model; and the behaviors of the important variables of the model were implemented, which was studied in detail in the research. Fidings: The findings of this study indicate that a combination of factors with mutual impact and effect on rubber recycling affects not all of these factors and their role, the development of rubber recycling will not occur. Thus, the recycling of rubber products are two of the increasing and deterrent factors. Discussion & Conclusion: The reuse of the product and the re-production of the product will affect the increase in the recycling of rubber and lead to the expansion of recycling, which, of course, will make sense over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparative Study of Efficiency using of Cyclone, Spray Scrubber and integrated system of cyclone- spray scrubber to collect Silica Particles in stone Crushing Workshops
Mohsen Aliabadi Abdorrahman Bahrami Farideh Golbabae Farshid GhorbaniThe purpose of this research is efficiency determination of conventional cyclone with spray scrubber for removal of silica in stone crushing factories in Azaandarian area at Hamadan state. The iso-kinetic sampling of total dust was obtained down stream and upstream of c MoreThe purpose of this research is efficiency determination of conventional cyclone with spray scrubber for removal of silica in stone crushing factories in Azaandarian area at Hamadan state. The iso-kinetic sampling of total dust was obtained down stream and upstream of cyclone and scrubber in exhaust ventilation system base on EPA method No 5. The mass of all samples collected was determined by gravimetrically method. Also sampling of dust base of size distribution was performed by using of cascade centripetal. The results of this study showed that using traditional cyclone with scrubber has significant efficiency to remove particles from the Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system. The mean of outlet concentration from stack in stone crushing type 1 (rate of free silica more than 95%), was 43-131 mgm-3 and in stone crushing type2 (rate of free silica more than 85%), was 64-12.7 mgm-3 that is less than standard permissible limit recommended by Iran Environmental protection Agency. The efficiency of cyclone to treat dust particles from LEV system was 80-97 percent and increases to 92-99 percent when cyclone with spray scrubber was used and therefore this integrated system is the most efficient for collecting silica dust emission in the air of factories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Acid vapor control in aluminum anodizing industry and designing a proper ventilation system
Seyed Mostafa Khezri Nabiollah Mansuri Farideh Atabi Azadeh SedghiniaParallel with man’s achievements in different aspects of technology, aluminum anodizing industry has improved a lot, but like other progressive industries, it has caused destructive effects on the environment, as well. In fact, aluminum anodizing industry is hazar MoreParallel with man’s achievements in different aspects of technology, aluminum anodizing industry has improved a lot, but like other progressive industries, it has caused destructive effects on the environment, as well. In fact, aluminum anodizing industry is hazardous because it requires contact with sulfuric acid. The aim of the present study was to control sulfuric acid mist during the process of aluminum anodizing in a factory located in Alborz Industrial Estate. Following sampling, it was found that the concentration of sulfuric acid mists was 8 times higher than the standard level (standard level: 1mg/m3). In order to control the diffusion of sulfuric acid mist in the workshops and the areas where the workers breathe, a local ventilation system, based on the velocity-pressure method and according to the balancing of branches, was put into operation. The implemented hood was chosen based on the standards stated in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guidelines. And the rate of required standard volumetric flow (scfm) for open-surface tanks was calculated to be equal to 1050 ft3/min for each hood. Consequently, based on the psychometric status of the studied workshop and the actual volumetric flow rate, the rate of required volumetric flow for each hood was considered to be 1239cfm. The whole system was divided into four independent ventilation units, two of which were equipped with 12 hoods (9 with unidirectional suction and 3 with bidirectional suction) and the others with 9 hoods (all with unidirectional suction). In order to resist against corrosion, steel 316 was selected as the constructing material of the canals, and in order to purify the exhaust air, following the necessary evaluations, mist eliminator scrubber system was selected. Also, to provide the required driving force, Back Ward centrifugal fan was considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Reliability of the Rubber Tube of Automotive Hydraulic Braking System Under Fatigue Failures Considering Random Variation of Load and the Process of Aging of Material
O Larin K Potopalska R Mygushchenko -
Open Access Article
7 - Long term impacts of ground skidding on structure of soil macrofauna associations in Hyrcanian Beech Forests
D. Kartoolinejad A. Najafi M. ShayanmehrIn this study, the effect of ground based skidding using rubber-tired skidder in changing the soil fauna associations of surface of skid trails with the age of 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were investigated in Hyrcanian Forests, north of Iran. Comparison of structural feature MoreIn this study, the effect of ground based skidding using rubber-tired skidder in changing the soil fauna associations of surface of skid trails with the age of 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were investigated in Hyrcanian Forests, north of Iran. Comparison of structural features and biological indices of soil macro-invertebrate communities living on trails showed extreme decreasing of density, number of taxa, and abundance of macrofauna in 5-year trail. Total biomass of macrofauna had not significant difference; but 5-year trail showed lowest mean value. Shannon’s biodiversity and Margalef’s richness indices also had minimum mean value in 5-year and maximum in 20-year trail and control forest respectively. Moreover, comparison among traffic segments showed a minimum mean value of these variables related to high traffic and maximum to low traffic segments. The results of current publication demonstrated severe impacts of skidder on soil invertebrate communities on trails surface even until 20 years. But induced impacts at macrofauna communities was actively improving and recovering during times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of PBR on IZOD impact index and visual quality of HIPS product in Iran marketing
فهیمه درخشانفرIn this study, in addition to a brief description of the production process of styrene and HIPS and study of their properties and structure, effective parameters in HIPS quality and the effect of various factors on the product, especially the impact of various rubbers i MoreIn this study, in addition to a brief description of the production process of styrene and HIPS and study of their properties and structure, effective parameters in HIPS quality and the effect of various factors on the product, especially the impact of various rubbers in the Iranian market, both domestic and foreign, in appearance and index Impact susceptibility (IZOD) has been investigated. In the production process of HIPS, which must have clear and desirable standards, there are often situations that by changing the quality of raw materials and also changing the conditions of the production line and defective equipment of the production unit, product quality is not optimal and may be in the consumer market, Not sold and returned to the company. In addition, it is necessary that production conditions are always up to date and competitive. In this regard, by performing practical experiments on different samples of HIPS product, effective methods in optimizing product quality have been investigated and tried to make changes in process conditions such as temperature, pressure, mixer speed, type and amount of rubber, solvent content, The amount of additives, the use of more advanced catalysts, the best values and results to be obtained to use these results to produce cost-effective and high quality products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of PBR on IZOD Impact Index And Visual Quality of HIPS Product in Iran Marketing
ahmad asle hashemi Fatemeh Fatourchi Leila NouriIn this study, in addition to a brief description of the production process of styrene and HIPS and study of their properties and structure, effective parameters in HIPS quality and the effect of various factors on the product, especially the impact of various rubbers i MoreIn this study, in addition to a brief description of the production process of styrene and HIPS and study of their properties and structure, effective parameters in HIPS quality and the effect of various factors on the product, especially the impact of various rubbers in the Iranian market, both domestic and foreign, in appearance and index Impact susceptibility (IZOD) has been investigated. In the production process of HIPS, which must have clear and desirable standards, there are often situations that by changing the quality of raw materials and also changing the conditions of the production line and defective equipment of the production unit, product quality is not optimal and may be in the consumer market, not sold and returned to the company. In addition, it is necessary that production conditions are always up to date and competitive. In this regard, by performing practical experiments on different samples of HIPS product, effective methods in optimizing product quality have been investigated and tried to make changes in process conditions such as temperature, pressure, mixer speed, type and amount of rubber, solvent content, the amount of additives, the use of more advanced catalysts, the best values and results to be obtained to use these results to produce cost-effective and high quality products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Reclaimed rubber Modification on the Rheological Properties and Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Binders
Javad Poursharifi Poria Hajikarimi -
Open Access Article
11 - An Experimental Study on Effect of Waste Tire Rubber on the Fresh and Hardened Behavior of Self-compacting Concrete
Mohammad saleh Moghaddam Saman RahatDahmardeh mohammad hassan Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
12 - Experimental Study on the Effect of Crumb Rubber on Shear Strength of Sandy Soil
Soheil Ghareh Seyed Vahid Mojtahed Sistani -
Open Access Article
13 - Influence of the Isolator Characteristics on the Response of the Isolated Buildings in the Near-FaultEarthquakes
Beytollah Taromi Kiarash Nasserasadi Asghar Vatani Oskouei -
Open Access Article
14 - تاثیر نظرات اصلاحی و نظرات اشاره ای معلم بر مهارت نوشتن زبان آموزان ایرانی
مهرنوش عطاآفرین وصال آیات علی اصغر یوسفی آذرفامهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر نظرات اصلاحی معلم و نظرات اشاره ای معلم بر توانایی نوشتن زبان آموزان EFL در سطح متوسط بود. برای انتخاب شرکت کنندگان این تحقیق، 40 زبان آموز EFL در سطح قبل از میانی، از آزمون Quick Placement Test استفاده شد. سپس شرکت کنندگان به طور تصاد Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر نظرات اصلاحی معلم و نظرات اشاره ای معلم بر توانایی نوشتن زبان آموزان EFL در سطح متوسط بود. برای انتخاب شرکت کنندگان این تحقیق، 40 زبان آموز EFL در سطح قبل از میانی، از آزمون Quick Placement Test استفاده شد. سپس شرکت کنندگان به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. قبل از آزمایش، به شرکت کنندگان هر دو گروه پیش آزمون داده شد تا به توانایی نوشتن اولیه شان پی برده شود. پس از ارائه نظرات اشاره ای به گروه آزمایش و نظرات اصلاحی برای گروه کنترل، یک پس آزمون برای یافتن تأثیر دو نوع ابزار اجرا شد. برای بررسی اینکه آیا روش جدید موثر است، از آزمون t-test مستقل استفاده شد. برای تعیین میزان پیشرفت بین پیش آزمون و پس آزمون از گروه آزمایش، از آزمون t-test زوجی استفاده شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که نظرات اشاره ای معلم توانایی نوشتن دانش آموزان را بهبود می بخشد. بدین ترتیب، مربیان می توانند از نظرات اشاره ای برای کمک به زبان آموزان برای بهبود توانایی نوشتن استفاده کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Mechanical Properties of PA6/NBR/clay/CaCO3 Hybrid Nanocomposites
Abouzar Haghshenas Hamzeh Shahrajabian -
Open Access Article
16 - Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Tire Rubber Particles toward Constant Development
Hasan Sousani Amir Mahmoudzadeh -
Open Access Article
17 - Using Rubber Pad Forming Process for Local Compression in Assembling of Vehicle Structure Tubes
Meysam Darvishi Mohammad Sedighi Mehrdad Khandaie -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigation of the Base Isolation in Improving the Behavior of Steel Buildings subjected to Earthquakes applied with Different Angles
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Seyede Vahide Hashemi Abbasali Sadeghi gholamreza shobeyriiSeismic isolation is an earthquake resistant design method based on reducing seismic demand instead of increasing structural capacity. With regard to the multiplicity of studies conducted to investigate the seismic behaviour of isolators under the effect of earthquakes, MoreSeismic isolation is an earthquake resistant design method based on reducing seismic demand instead of increasing structural capacity. With regard to the multiplicity of studies conducted to investigate the seismic behaviour of isolators under the effect of earthquakes, in this study, role of the base isolator in improving the behaviour of steel structures under the influence of earthquakes with different angles was investigated along with considering the effect of structural height and plan shape. In the present study, steel structures with and without Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) base isolator are modelled in 3D with 8 and 12 stories and square and rectangular plans. The seismic performance of these buildings has been reviewed and compared according to 4 pairs of near-fault earthquake records (8 records) with angles (0°, 30°, 60° and 90°) based on FEMA P695 instruction under the nonlinear dynamic time history analyses in SAP2000 software. The results showed that steel structures at angles of 60 and 90º had larger and more critical seismic responses. Based on results, the effect of seismic isolator on reducing the seismic responses of buildings at angles of 0 and 30º was low, while at the angles of 60 and 90º was more significant. The use of separators had a great impact on improving the performance and seismic responses of structures. The results also presented that in most records, the height of the structure was more effective than the plan shape regarding the seismic responses of the isolated structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Study of the (Behavior of the) Isolated Bridges Using Elastomeric Isolaters Located Near the Faults
Rasol Bageri majid bargiyanABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the st MoreABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the strikingly high energy released due to production acceleration happening at the initial stage of the earthquakes to be imposed on the system. The present research undertakes to study the effects of the forces resulted by such type of earthquakes on the bridges. For this purpose, a three span highway bridge being of 60 meters length, for which were applied three types of lead rubber isolators in pursuant to the regulation envisaged in ASHTO standard, was designed. Using SAP2000, a 10.1 version was designed and the same was modeled in base-isolated and non-isolated modes. Considering the effect of three seismic recorders near the fault along longitudinal and latitudinal directions as well as in (YZ and XZ) directions, a nonlinear time history analysis was performed. The study of the behavior and load shift curves of the lead rubber isolators showed that initial strains and yield strength of such isolators cause significant reduction of base shear and bending moment in the bridge under study. Furthermore, simultaneous considering of the vertical and horizontal component of the earthquake in X and Y directions in the analysis showed increase compress or tension forces in column. These results show the shortcomings of the provisions recommended by, as instance, NEHRP and IBC about the isolated bridges in not considering the vertical effect of the earthquake. Such an effect should be taken into consideration as is the case with the non-isolated bridges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of Tuned Mass Damper with Various Mass Fractions on the Seismic Performance of Isolated Reinforced Concrete Structures
mehdi kouhdaraghDampers and isolators are energy dissipating devices to control and reduce the seismic responses of structures under strong earthquakes. One of the most widely used of these devices is a special type of damper called TMD mass dampers and LRB lead core separators. Tuned MoreDampers and isolators are energy dissipating devices to control and reduce the seismic responses of structures under strong earthquakes. One of the most widely used of these devices is a special type of damper called TMD mass dampers and LRB lead core separators. Tuned Mass dampers (TMD) and Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) are of the most widely used types of these devices. The scientific study of the seismic characteristics and nonlinear behavior of structural systems equipped with this type of dampers and isolators can significantly help to understand the behavior of these systems against the lateral forces imposed by strong earthquakes. In this research, a 12-story concrete structure with mass damper with various mass fractions, without isolator and with lead core isolator is designed. Then, applying time history analysis in SAP2000 software in isolated states without damper and with damper with different mass fractions, the responses of the structures against the mentioned earthquakes are obtained. The results of the analysis presented that the presence of mass damper is very effective due to the increased displacement in the isolated level. This effect is increased by increasing the mass fraction of the damper. The seismic isolator, on the other hand, can reduce the relative displacements of stories by 20 to 30% on average. The mass damper controls the large displacements of the isolator. The results in the studied structure revealed that in order to utilize the maximum capabilities of the isolator, it should be combined with mass damper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of the Replacement of Soybean Meal by Rubber Seed Meal on Growth, Economics and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler
ام.جی. خاتون ام.ز. کریم جی.ب. داس ام.کا.آی. خان -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of shape factor effect on hysteresis behavior of elastomeric rubber bearings
Ehsan Kazeminezhad Soroush Safakhah -
Open Access Article
23 - Study on the biodegradation of SMR rubber to reduce the environmental wastes: the effects of curing system, reinforcement and oil
Somayyeh Mohammadian-GezazIn this work, the effects of the various parameters such as type of curing system, amount of filler, and type of oil were studied on the biodegradation of natural rubber (NR). The amount of degradation increased in the order of the efficient, semi-efficient and conventi MoreIn this work, the effects of the various parameters such as type of curing system, amount of filler, and type of oil were studied on the biodegradation of natural rubber (NR). The amount of degradation increased in the order of the efficient, semi-efficient and conventional curing system. NR degradation with the NR grade (based on the SMR types) was changed as SMR50 > SMR20 > SMR10 due to the higher impurity. By increasing the carbon black level, degradation decreased. The negative effect of the carbon black on the degradation was more obvious for the finer carbon black (N330) with respect to the coarser one (N550), at the same level. The lowest sole fraction was achieved for efficient curing system. Moreover, the sole fraction increased by NR type as SMR50 > SMR20 > SMR10. Unfilled NR had the higher degradation amount and the higher sole fraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation on correlation between the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids and cure characteristics of rubber compounds using gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy
Fereshteh Eildari Mercedeh Malekzadeh Mandana Saber Tehrani Fereshteh MotieeIn this research work, the correlations between the curing properties of natural rubber based compounds were investigated with the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids. For this purpose, at the MoreIn this research work, the correlations between the curing properties of natural rubber based compounds were investigated with the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids. For this purpose, at the first step the lipids in natural rubber were extracted and methyl esters derivatives were prepared. At the second step the obtained palmitic acid methyl esters from different natural rubbers were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally the correlations between the amount of palmitic acid methyl ester and curing properties of rubber compounds were investigated and linear models were obtained. These models were used for prediction of cure properties in a case study. The results showed that scorch time, optimum cure time and cure rate index can be predicted by less than 6% error and torque difference can be estimated by lower than 13% error. This new approach can be used to predict the cure properties of the compound before compounding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of correlation between rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR with NR’s Lipid content by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Zohreh Asghari-Barzegar Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali Mercedeh Malekzadeh Fereshteh MotieeIn this study correlation between rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on Natural Rubber (NR) with NR’s lipid content was investigated by simple, fast and non distractive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared MoreIn this study correlation between rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on Natural Rubber (NR) with NR’s lipid content was investigated by simple, fast and non distractive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that NR’s lipid content had satisfactory correlation with rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR. Also for evaluation of obtained models SMR 20 JU-based rubber compound was selected as case study. The results showed that Ts2, T’c90, viscosity and hardness can be predict by error lower than 5% and the results were acceptable. About CRI and fatigue can be predicted by error lower than 30% and the results might be acceptable, but it depends on the process type. Obtained modeling techniques by ATR-FTIR data can be used as simple, fast and non distractive method with good repeatability for predicting of rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparative study on the effect of natural rubber protein content obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods on the tensile properties of natural rubber based compound
Masoomeh Sadeghi Mercedeh Malekzadeh saeed taghvaei Fereshteh MotieeProtein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spec MoreProtein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods considered on the tensile properties of rubber compounds and second order correlation models were obtained. These models were used to predict the tensile properties of natural rubber based compounds. The results showed that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method is more successful for prediction of the properties. Tensile strength and modulus 100% were predicted by less than 10% error, elongation at break and modulus 300% were also estimated by less than 25% error. This new approach makes it possible to predict the tensile properties of rubber compounds before preparing,, by consuming a small amount of natural rubber and using a fast and non destructive technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Synthesis and application of calix[4]arene phosphonato derivative as an effective dispersant of silica in silica-filled rubber compounds
Nasrin Hamrahjou saeed taghvaei Reza ZadmardIn this research, a special new processing aid agent based on calix[4]arene phosphonato derivative (CPD) was synthesized and its effect on silica dispersion within the rubber matrix was investigated. Initially, a reference compound and another compound containing CPD as MoreIn this research, a special new processing aid agent based on calix[4]arene phosphonato derivative (CPD) was synthesized and its effect on silica dispersion within the rubber matrix was investigated. Initially, a reference compound and another compound containing CPD as a processing aid agent, based on SBR/BR and other ingredients were considered. After cure, mechanical tests including tensile strength and elongation at break and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method were performed. Based on the results of tensile and rheology tests, no significant changes were observed in these properties. SEM images showed that the presence of CPD as a processing aid agent had a significant effect on improving the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix compared to the reference compound. Therefore, by improving the dispersion of silica, the physical and mechanical properties of the tire tread compound containing CPD were improved and the performance of the tire increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Synthesis and Application Silica Supported Calix[4]arene Derivative for Reducing Heat Buildup in Tire Tread Compounds
Seyedeh Nazanin Sadat Mansouri saeed taghvaei Reza ZadmardIn this research, a unique structure of silica-supported chlorosulfonyl calix[4]arene (SS-CSC[4]A) was synthesized and applied as a processing aid agent in tire tread formulation. A reference compound based on SBR/BR and other ingredients were considered. Then five othe MoreIn this research, a unique structure of silica-supported chlorosulfonyl calix[4]arene (SS-CSC[4]A) was synthesized and applied as a processing aid agent in tire tread formulation. A reference compound based on SBR/BR and other ingredients were considered. Then five other compounds were prepared in which resins C5, G90, SP1068, para-tert-Butylphenol, and the synthesized derivative of calix[4]arene were used as processing aid agents. Multiple characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and 29Si CP/MAS spectroscopy were used to characterize SS-CSC[4]A structure. The classical rubber technology tests including rheological test, tensile test, and dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA) were done. DMTA results showed a great decrease in tan δ values of the compound containing SS-CSC[4]A at 90 °C compared to other compounds, which means that constructed tires with this unique structure of SS-CSC[4]A as processing aid agents will consume less fuel for lower heat build-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Study of the effect of nanographene and nanographene oxide on physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber nanocomposites
Bagher Mohammadi Fahimeh NoriIn this work, natural rubber (latex) nanocomposites were prepared by adding reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles to the pristine latex. Then some physical and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were investigated. These properties included t MoreIn this work, natural rubber (latex) nanocomposites were prepared by adding reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles to the pristine latex. Then some physical and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were investigated. These properties included tensile strength at peak point, tensile strength at breaking point, tensile percentage, surface cohesion, and rheometry. The experimental results of these nanocomposites were compared with those of natural rubber. The results showed that nanocomposites containing graphene oxide were much more desirable in terms of physical and mechanical properties than nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide. Both of these nanocomposites had better results in terms of physical and mechanical properties than pristine natural rubber. The FESEM images showed that the surface of samples which containing nanographene, had better uniformity and adhesion than those of the original latex. The surface adhesion of nanocomposites, containing nanographene oxide was much better and more desirable comparing to the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Removal of cadmium ion from zinc oxide in rubber industries by chemically bonded chlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene to silica
ashkan bagheri chenari manochehr mamaghani mandana saber tehrani mohammad nikpasandZinc oxide is an important industrial material using in different industries, in particular rubber industries. This compound like the other industrial materials has amounts of impurities and then removal of those because of their undesirable influences on rubber compoun MoreZinc oxide is an important industrial material using in different industries, in particular rubber industries. This compound like the other industrial materials has amounts of impurities and then removal of those because of their undesirable influences on rubber compounds curing and environment, is taken into consideration. In this study, chemically bonded chlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene to silica gel was synthesized by using the methods in literature reports, afterwards it was used as an absorbent to remove cadmium ions from zinc oxide solution. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sorption percentage and adsorption capacity were calculated by using the ions concentration in each level. The results showed that cadmium ions were removed from zinc oxide solution effectively by tetrachlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene-silica whilst silica gel without any reactive agent, could not remove the ions from the solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Application of calix[4]arene macrocycle to improve green strength in rubber compounds
fereshteh motiee saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali Henrik Margharian PekachakiIn this research, the reinforcing effect of calix[4]arene macrocycle on the green strength in the rubber matrix is investigated for the first time. The calixarene derivative is mixed into raw rubber compounds before the vulcanization process. The bead and ply rubber com MoreIn this research, the reinforcing effect of calix[4]arene macrocycle on the green strength in the rubber matrix is investigated for the first time. The calixarene derivative is mixed into raw rubber compounds before the vulcanization process. The bead and ply rubber compounds used in the motorcycle tire are selected for the tests. Due to the rawness of the rubber compounds and the absence of crosslinks to measure the green strength, elongation at break values of the raw compounds were considered as the indicator. Calixarene molecules can connect; this connection is through H-bonding between two calixarene moiety. These molecules pair each other two by two and make colonies. Paired calix molecules act as a bridge between rubber chains. Therefore, they reinforce the compounds and behavior similar to composites could be seen. Consequently, when they hold the chains, the green strength of the compounds increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Cognition and Study of Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurship of Industrial Managers (Case study: Rubber and plastic Industry in Tehran)
Gh. Abbaspour Esfeden M. H. Cheraghali M. RahmaniThe intelligence is not the main factor to gain achievement for the entrepreneurial managers as basic operators of the economic world. But ability to understand and control of emotions plays very important role on it. Entrepreneurial managers can decrease their perso MoreThe intelligence is not the main factor to gain achievement for the entrepreneurial managers as basic operators of the economic world. But ability to understand and control of emotions plays very important role on it. Entrepreneurial managers can decrease their personal conflict by recognition and handling of their emotions and also they can make effective relationships by recognition about others emotions and eventually they are more creative managers than other ones, by building better relations and more useful recognition of their environments. So, because of important of emotions, the influence of emotions in success of entrepreneurial managers in Rubber and Plastic Industries has been studied, in this research. The emotional intelligence was measured by Shrink Questionnaire and entrepreneurship was measured by entrepreneurship questionnaire. This research is the cross-sectional research and its research’s method is the survey. To study of correlation of variables has been used Spearman Correlation Coefficient and for influence of five dimensions of the emotional intelligence on entrepreneurship has been used Stepwise Multiple Regression. Results of analysis by SPSS software have showed that there are the significant relationship between the emotional intelligence and the entrepreneur ship. Results also have showed that the entrepreneurial managers with high grade for the emotional intelligence can understand emotional conflicts, like the conflict between independence and encourage others to participate. So this kind of managers can have good deal with these conflicts, hence they can be more successful than other managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Optimization the Mechanical Properties of PVC/n-NBR Blends Using Taguchi Experimental Design Method
Alireza Afshari Mohammadreza Kalaee Mehdi MoghriThe aim of this paper is to study the morphology and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) nanoparticles prepared in a counter rotating twin- screw extruder. The effect of nanoparticle’s percent, MoreThe aim of this paper is to study the morphology and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) nanoparticles prepared in a counter rotating twin- screw extruder. The effect of nanoparticle’s percent, mixing temperature and time and rotor speed on the properties were studied using the experimental design method. Considering toughness increase of the blends as an optimal state, the process conditions and NBR percent were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed dispersed matrix-droplet morphology. Uniform distribution of NBR rubber particles was observed within the PVC matrix due to the good compatibility between the rubber particles and the matrix. It was also observed that scattered droplets are present in the spherical form as well as elongated particles within the PVC matrix. Obtained results along with experimental design data showed that the optimal state of break strain and toughness is related to the state with a mixing temperature of about 180 °C, mixing time of 6 minutes, mixing speed of about 70 rpm and a nanoparticle percentage of 2%. The analysis of variance showed that the greatest effect on the modulus was related to the percentage of NBR, while the lowest was related to the mixing time. After that, mixing temperature has the highest share. Interactions between different factors and their effects on tensile modulus showed that the highest intensity of the interaction index is related to the interaction of mixing temperature with mixing time and the lowest is the time and percentage of NBR. Manuscript profile
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