phenols

Garlic has been well recognized as a nutrient-rich food and conventional remedy in history. One of the key effective components of garlic is its polyphenols, which exhibit various bioactivities, including anti-cancerous, immune enhancing, and antioxidant properties. Gar More

Garlic has been well recognized as a nutrient-rich food and conventional remedy in history. One of the key effective components of garlic is its polyphenols, which exhibit various bioactivities, including anti-cancerous, immune enhancing, and antioxidant properties. Garlic polyphenols consist of flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin, and phenolic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid. Given its significant marketing potential and development prospects, garlic polyphenols have garnered substantial interest from researchers worldwide. This review is directed to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on the extraction, identification, structural characteristics, and bioactivities of garlic polyphenols. Further, it presented compelling evidence to use polyphenols as medicinal foods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic as ultraviolet Absorbers
Mahdieh Entezari Ebtesam Tohidi nejad Aida Hafezi Mostafa Afrasiabi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - AlCl3 supported on nano silica as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of coumarin
Leila Sarami Elham Tahanpesar

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - AlCl3 supported on nano silica as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of coumarin
Leila Sarami Elham Tahanpesar

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Preformed antimicrobial compounds in plant against plant pathogenic agents
Jalal Gholamnezhad

Plants produce a large number of anti-fungal materials. Many of these compounds are structural and are present in plants normally. The pathogen can cause disease that pass of the barrier of these compounds. On the other hand, there are compounds in plants that are inact More

Plants produce a large number of anti-fungal materials. Many of these compounds are structural and are present in plants normally. The pathogen can cause disease that pass of the barrier of these compounds. On the other hand, there are compounds in plants that are inactive in the normal mode, this compounds was called phytoalexins. The phytoalexins are broad spectrum inhibitors and are chemically diverse with different characteristic types of particular plant species. Phytoanticipin distribution in plants often performed specifically and the concentration of these compounds in the outer cell layers of plant tissues were high. Studies on phytoanticipins are often done by focusing on the mutant plants. Phytoanticipins are divided in two groups, compounds with low and high molecular weight. Low molecular weight compounds include phenols and quinones, the unsaturated lactone, sulfur compounds, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides and terpenoids. High molecular weight compounds including tannins and proteins. In this study, it was studied the compounds plant defense against pathogen stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The comparison of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of spring and summer crops in three fig genotypes in Golestan province
زهرا کیخا اسماعیل سیفی فریال وارسته عظیم قاسم‌نژاد

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences between the spring and summer crops of three fig genotypes namely, Golbahar, Kamal Abad, and Rezvan 41 in Golestan province. The fruit samples were collected from two different fruit crops and some morphological an More

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences between the spring and summer crops of three fig genotypes namely, Golbahar, Kamal Abad, and Rezvan 41 in Golestan province. The fruit samples were collected from two different fruit crops and some morphological and phytochemical traits were studied based on the specific descriptor and standard methods. The analysis of variance showed that there were some significant interaction between genotype and fruit type on length, width, and shape of the fruit, stalk and neck length, and pulp length, where there was observed no significant effect on the ostiole  diameter. The results showed that the summer fruits were smaller than spring fruits and had lower amount of fruit length and diameter, stalk and neck length, and pulp length in most of the genotypes. Regardless of the genotype, the ostiole diameter was higher in spring fruits than summer fruits. The analysis of variance also showed that genotype and fruit type had significant interaction effects on flavonoid and anthocyanin but not on total soluble solids, titratable acidity and phenols. Summer fruits had higher amount of total soluble solids and titratable acidity but lower phenols. Kamalabad genotype also showed higher amount of total soluble solids and titratable acidity than other genotypes. In Golbahar genotype, the spring fruits had lower anthocyanin while this was lower in other genotypes. In contrast, in all genotypes under study spring fruits had higher amount of flavonoid.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The effect of height on some secondary metabolites of different organs of Sambucus (Sambucus ebulus L.) in three cities of Golestan province
Zahra Kaghazloo Khodayar Hemati Sara Khorasaninejad

  In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht),  three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 More

  In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht),  three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 m, and below 300 m), and on leaves, flowers and fruit with three replications in 2015. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured. The results showed significant effects of heights, region, and organs on biochemical features of the plants so that the interaction of effects of the region and height on the total phenol content and antioxidant activity and the interaction of effects of the region and organ on the total phenol content and on the antioxidant activity, and the interaction of effects of the height and organ on  the total phenol content and flavonoids were significant. Also, the interaction of effects of the region, height, and organs was significant on total phenol content and total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Maximum and minimum total phenol contents were recorded in the leaves of the plants in low height of Tuskestan and in the flowers of plants at average height of Minoodasht, respectively. Also, the highest flavonoid contents were recorded in the flowers at low heights of Minoodasht while the lowest flavonoid content was observed in fruits of the plants at low heights of Tuskestan. The findings also suggest that the maximum antioxidant activity was observed in fruit of the plants at medium elevation in Tuskestan while the minimum content was recorded in leaves of the plants at medium height in Tuskestan. Overall, it can be conclude that total phenol and flavonoids decreased with an increase in the height and the highest quality was obtained from the plants grown at low heights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Study of phytochemical compounds of Lactuca serriola L. (case study of the fields of Vamenan village in Azadshar)
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Maral Iri Javad Bayat Kohsar zeinab avarseji

This experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs More

This experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs such as root, stem, and leaf were dried and powdered separately. Also, mixed organs were considered as another treatment for comparison. Then various organs of L. serriola and a mixture of them were analyzed qualitatively for primary metabolites like organic matter, raw ash, protein, proline, starch and soluble sugar as well as membrane stability index and some secondary metabolites like total phenols and anthocyanin. Results showed that various organs of L. serriola had a various content of primary and secondary metabolites as well membrane stability index. On the basis of the findings, the highest and lowest contents of organic matter and raw ash were obtained in leaf, respectively. The highest content of protein, starch and compatibility osmotic of soluble sugar and proline also were found in the leaf organ. The highest content of total phenols and anthocyanin were obtained in leaf showing a positive and significant correlation with membrane stability index. Regarding the high biomass generated from L. serriola, it is suggested to analyze the other chemical compounds in this plant. Complimentary studies are required to exploit the application of these compounds as bio herbicide. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat Kohsar

An experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village More

An experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity, secondary metabolites and osmolytes of aerial parts and root organs of Chelidonium majus L. in various phonological stages
Maryam Niakan Aytan Jojani Ebrahim Gholamali Pour Alamdari

The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from mar More

The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from marginal fields of Chamestan district of Noor which is located in Mazandaran province firstly, and then collected samples were botanically authenticated.. Results showed that root of C. majus in various phenological stages had a more alkaloids and total phenols content over aerial organs in similar stages. It was also observed that the highest alkaloids and total phenols in root were obtained in vegetative and flowering stages respectively. Anthocyanins content in root and aerial organs were increased with an increase of phonological stages. Also, the measurement of soluble sugars in C. majus showed that the highest amount of this compound was in all phonological stages at the root more than the aerial parts. The maximum amount of proline was observed in the aerial parts at the vegetative stage. According to the results, enzyme of catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Overall, antioxidant capacity in inhibition of free radicals significantly were increased with an increase of alkaloids and total phenols content from underground and aerial organs of C. majus in various phonological stages. Overall, root of Chelidonium majus in vegetative stage had the appropriate amount of alkaloids; it may be used as a suitable source for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The effect of root and foliar application of selenium on some physiological and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress
Masoumeh Abedini Meysam Garebaghi Sakineh Moradkhani

10.30495/iper.2021.679526

In order to investigate the effects of foliar and root application of selenium (0 and 20 µM) on some physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Chamran under salt stress (0 and 100 mM NaCl), an experiment was conducted hydroponic More

In order to investigate the effects of foliar and root application of selenium (0 and 20 µM) on some physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Chamran under salt stress (0 and 100 mM NaCl), an experiment was conducted hydroponically based on  a completely randomized factorial design with three replications at Payame Noor university in 2017. Results showed the significant decreases in growth parameters, chlorophyll to carotenoids ratio, and chlorophylls and total protein contents while significant increases were recorded in malondialdehyde, proline, anthocyanin, and total phenol contents of plant shoots under salt stress. Under control condition, both forms of selenium application significantly decreased the root length while increasing the total phenol content. Moreover, significant increases in proline and carotenoids contents were found under foliar application of selenium in control plants. Under salinity stress, foliar application of selenium significantly increased the root length and shoot fresh weight and its application at both forms improved the other growth parameters of plants. Likewise, significant increases in protein and chlorophylls contents of plants by foliar application and soluble sugars and total phenols contents of plants by both forms of application of selenium were attained under salinity. Only foliar form of application of selenium could decrease the malondialdehyde content of plants under salinity stress. According to the findings, selenium application, especially through leaves, played a remarkable role in ameliorating the effects of salt stress in wheat.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Investigating the phytochemical properties of the fruit of three edible fig genotypes in Khoy city
Sakineh Moradkhani

Fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) contains large amounts of phenolic-compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are the most important natural antioxidants. In this study, the fruit of three fig genotypes from three villages of Qerkh-Yashar, Badal-Abad and Pirmousi located More

Fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) contains large amounts of phenolic-compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are the most important natural antioxidants. In this study, the fruit of three fig genotypes from three villages of Qerkh-Yashar, Badal-Abad and Pirmousi located in Khoy city, West-Azarbaijan province was harvested in September of 2019 and their biochemical characteristics were investigated. Some important chemical properties of the fruit were measured, such as antioxidant capacity with DPPH method, total phenol-content, total anthocyanin with Spectrophotometer, soluble sugars and polyphenols with HPLC. The measured antioxidant capacity by DPPH method in fruits varied from 36.93 to 45.67%. The highest total phenol was 418.59 mg in 100g of fresh gallic-acid, which was observed in the second genotype. The highest anthocyanin was 1.219 mg in 100g of fresh weight, which was observed in the first genotype. According to the results of the analysis of soluble sugars in all three sugars: fructose, sucrose and glucose were observed in all three genotypes. in this study, 9 types of polyphenolic-compounds were extracted from fig fruit, which included: caffeic-acid, gallic-acid, chlorogenic-acid, rutin, coumaric, rosemary-acid, quercetin, cinnamic-acid, apagenine, and the combination of chlorogenic-acid with an average of 30.88 micrograms-pergram was identified as the dominant polyphenol. According to the results of this study, different fig genotypes contain antioxidants and natural polyphenols, among which the first genotype, which belongs to the village of Qerkh-Yashar, contains higher levels of antioxidants and Polyphenols can be suggested for future correctional programs, but can also be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Evaluation of total phenolic, flavenoeid content and antioxidant activity of Leaf and Fruit in 14 different genotypes of Ziziphus mauritiana L. in south of Iran
Bahman Fazeli nasab Alireza Sirousmehr Naser Mirzaei Morad Solimani

Medicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural anti microbial and antioxidant agents are interested recently, because they had high quality of flavonoid and terpenoid antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In this research to More

Medicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural anti microbial and antioxidant agents are interested recently, because they had high quality of flavonoid and terpenoid antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In this research to purpose of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana L. the leaves and fruit of 14 wild-growing genotypes of plant were collected in 2016 from the southern regions of Iran (Jiroft, Rodan, Minab and Jask). Plant hydro alcoholic extract was obtained by maceration technique. Total phenol  and flavonoid content were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and  Aluminium chloride method, respectively  and antioxidant activity was evaluated  by DPPH method.The results were showed that the highest total phenol content (20.41 mg GAE / g dry extract) and the flavonoids (52.12 mgQEE / g dry extract) was belong to plant genotype of Rodan region (two).  According to data the leaf extract of plant had more total phenol content and antioxidant activity with IC50= 88.08 µg/ml than fruit extract of plant especially in Rodan region (two). The plant organ and the habitat condition could have a significant effect on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of plant extract. So due to high contents of phenol and flavonoid contents and optimal antioxidant activity of plant in Rodan and then Talar region respectively, Ziziphus mauritiana L. could be referred as an natural effective antioxidant get use a great importance in the food and drug industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits in different regions of Shahrood
esmaeil Babakhanzadeh Sajirani Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh Khadegheh Mozafari

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is one of the most important medicinal fruits which had a lot of secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoid and has been used in traditional medicine. The presences of flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant properties have been reported i More

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is one of the most important medicinal fruits which had a lot of secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoid and has been used in traditional medicine. The presences of flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant properties have been reported in fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. In this research the ripe fruits of plant were collected from different regions of Shahrood (1000-1400m). The methanol extracts were obtained by maceration, total phenol and flavonoids contents were measured by spectrophotometery and antioxidant activities were analyzed by DPPH method. The results were showed that in higher region (1400m) the fruit extract of plant had the greatest amount of total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. So we observed that there is the correlation between altitude ot the region with quality and quantities of medicinal metabolites and antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of three widely-used medicinal plant in natural habitats of Fars province
Auob mazaraie leila fahmideh

Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia More

Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia Boiss, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Achilla millefolium L. which grown in five natural habitats (Fasa, Firoozabad, Kazeroun, Farashband and Dehram) located in Fars province, South of Iran . Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts obtained by maceration (soaking) method were determined via Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum chloride colorimetric, respectively. The antioxidant properties were also investigated through DPPH method. Based on the results, there is a positive correlation between plant secondary compounds and their antioxidant performance, and this relationship was quite significant for all three plant samples. Among the regions under the study, the highest phenolic and flavonoid compounds yields were detected in Farashband and Dehram regions, respectively. Among the results, the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties were identified in Achillea eriophora DC and Zataria multifolia Boiss species from Farashband and Dehram regions had the highest values. The differences observed in phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties could be attributed to the effects of climatic conditions such as height above sea level on the investigated plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Evaluation of the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 80 different populations belong to the Jashir genus (Prangos spp.)
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah Khakdan

10.30495/ejmp.2021.682557

Jashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations More

Jashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychlaena, and P. ferulacea at the flowering stage in spring and summer 2018 in six provinces of Lorestan, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari as a randomized complete block design. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained by the maceration method. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a difference between populations and different species of Jashir genus in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol content of these extracts belonging to 80 populations was different and ranged from 17.59 to 1.76 mg gallic acid/g extract and their antioxidant activity ranged from 61.77 to 96.2%. The highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in populations 5 (P. acaulis) and 48 (P. platychloena), and the lowest amount obtained from populations 80 (P. platychloena) and 36 (P. platychloena). Among seven species of Prangos spp., the highest amount of total phenol content and antioxidant activity was found in P. uloptera and P. acaulis. Due to the high antioxidant properties of Prangos spp. and because of the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, different species of this genus especially P. uloptera and P. acaulis are suggested as suitable substitutes for preservatives. So they can be used as rich and accessible resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of some of Morus alba L. Var. Nigra genotypes in West and East Azerbaijan province
Sakineh Moradkhani

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1950143.1676

Blackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the More

Blackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the content of total phenol (folate sizing method), total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity (DPPH). To separate, identify and determine the amount of phenolic acids and sugars a high-performance liquid chromatography device (HPLC) was used. Data analysis was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 1%. According to the variance analysis results, the measured traits were significant at the level of 1% and a high diversity was observed among the measured traits. The highest amount of antioxidants was 78.04 %, total anthocyanin and total phenol were 6.24 mg/ml and 925.98 mg/100 g fresh weight equivalent to gallic acid, respectively. In the current study, 9 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the fruit extract by HPLC. The main constituents included chlorogenic acid (60.060), coumaric acid (8.807) and caffeic acid (3.657) microgram per gram. In addition, in extracts, cinnamic acid (0.355), rosemary acid (0.055), gallic acid (2.59), rutin (0.833), apagenin (2.700), quercetin (1.861) microgram per gram were identified and also two sugars of fructose (5.84) and glucose (6.31) g per 100 g of fresh weight were reported. The results showed that in all genotypes, glucose was higher than fructose. The first genotype with the highest amount of antioxidant capacity, fructose, total phenol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apagenin was introduced as the superior breed. The findings of this study is useful for understanding the diversity and efforts to select berries for breeding as well as for the food industry in selecting cultivars with high nutritional properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh Bidarnamani

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1953625.1681

Neem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p More

Neem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Investigation of ethnopharmacology and diversity in yield components and phytochemical characteristics of some species of the genus Viola (Viola spp.) in the habitats of northern Iran
Mina Dordi sarah khorasaninejad Khalil ghorbani mohsen farhadpour

10.30495/ejmp.2023.1965442.1709

In this research, in order to investigate the ethnopharmacological diversity, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of Viola species (Viola spp.) from 16 habitats in the north and northwest of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, East Azarbaijan and Kermans More

In this research, in order to investigate the ethnopharmacological diversity, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of Viola species (Viola spp.) from 16 habitats in the north and northwest of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, East Azarbaijan and Kermanshah provinces), a research based on a completely Randomization was done with three replications. Ethnopharmacology information was obtained from local people and plant samples were collected from the mentioned habitats in the spring of 2018 at the time of flowering. At the same time, the samples of each barium were collected and prepared for identification at the species level and receiving the code. Soil samples were also taken from a depth of 0-30 for physical and chemical analysis, and the geographic coordinates and height were also recorded. The yield components and phytochemical characteristics (including chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid by spectrophotometer, total phenol by Folin-Siocatio colorimetric method, total flavonoid by aluminum-chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods) of the collected samples were measured. As a result of the botanical investigation, it was found that 16 collected masses were related to five different species including V.odorata L., V.alba, V.suavis, V.sieheana and V.ignobilis. Ethnopharmacological results showed that in most regions this plant is called by the name of violet or something similar and it is used in the treatment of viral diseases such as colds. The analysis of the results showed that the characteristics of the habitat had a significant effect on all the components of the measured performance and phytochemical traits, so that the amount of chlorophyll and the dry weight of the aerial parts of the samples increased with the increase in the organic matter and nutrients of the soil. Also, with the increase in altitude, the amount of antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods, phenolic and flavonoidic compounds increased in aerial parts, and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) also confirmed the obtained results. In the clustering that was done based on the two factors of yield and phytochemical components, it was found that the cluster decomposition for phytochemical characteristics was divided into 14 categories and for yield components into 9 categories at 0.2 Euclidean distance. The results of cluster analysis also showed that the climatic and edaphic characteristics of the habitat have a great effect on the yield components and phytochemical characteristics of the violet plant, which can determine the appropriate cultivation pattern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - مقایسه ترکیبات غذایی، خصوصیات HPLC، خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ویژگی های نشاسته نان مرکب و نان گندم Sphenostylis stenocarpa
صدیقات شدهنده ایندرانی داساپا پرابهاشانکار پیچان ساموئل اولوبود پرسوس آکینوسی

10.30495/medherb.2022.698448

Background & Aim: The use of composite flour and combined additives in wheat flour to improve their nutritional and health benefits have increased. This study focuses on the examination and comparison of the phenolic characterization, antioxidant properties, mineral More

Background & Aim: The use of composite flour and combined additives in wheat flour to improve their nutritional and health benefits have increased. This study focuses on the examination and comparison of the phenolic characterization, antioxidant properties, mineral content, starch profile, in vitro starch digestibility and in vitro α-amylase inhibition present in produced composite bread and wheat bread.Experimental: Sphenostylis stenocarpa flour (SSF) and combined additives (dry gluten powder, fungal α-amylase and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate) were incorporated into wheat flour to produce composite SSF bread. Wheat flour bread was prepared as a control.Results: The HPLC result showed higher values of gallic acid (1806.68 µg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (104.49 µg/100 g) and quercetin (22054.67 µg/100 g) in SSF bread while sinapic acid (195.88 µg/100 g), caffeic acid (1372.90 µg/100 g), ferulic acid (535.79 µg/100 g) were higher in control bread. Ferric-reducing antioxidant properties and mineral contents (Zinc, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and copper) were higher in SSF in comparison to control bread (P<0.05). The SSF bread had higher resistant starch and slowly digestible starch values but decreased total starch and rapidly digestible starch values. The in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) value was also 0.54 times lower in SSF compared to control bread. The α-amylase inhibitory potential of SSF bread (56.77%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in comparison to control bread (29.96%). It could be concluded that the incorporation of Sphenostylis stenocarpa in baked products such as bread will be of high nutritional benefits to humans.Recommended applications/industries: Sphenostylis stenocarpa is an underutilized bean that is rich in minerals, antioxidant properties and slow starch digestion potency which can be explored to prevent or manage the pathologic conditions that are related to sugar metabolisms. The utilization of underutilized Sphenostylis stenocarpa will go a long way in combating food insecurity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - مقایسه ترکیبات پلی فنلی، خاصیت مهارکنندگی رادیکالهای آزاد و تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز در Chorisia Chodatii و Chorisia Speciosa
جون رفعت ثمر یهیا دسوکی محمد احمد رامادان محمد صالح کامل جونکیو هان هیرکو ایسودا

مقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اسا More

مقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به مقایسه پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی و اثرات آن بر آدیپوژنز در دو گونهChorisia chodatii و Chorisia speciosa بر اساس مقدار ترکیبات فنولی موجود در آنها پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق: کل ترکیبات فنلی و پتانسیل مهار رادیکالهای آزاد در عصاره الکلی برگ، گل، میوه و دانه در دو گونه ذکر شده، و فراکشنهای اصلی در عصاره برگ و گل، به ترتیب با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتیو و DPPH مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به علاوه تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز در مدل سیستمهای آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و بررسی ترکیبات مختلف فیتوشیمیایی آن نیز در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث: کل عصاره اتانولی همراه با فراکشن های به دست آمده از قسمتهای مختلف در هر دو گونه، باعث القای تمایز وابسته به غلظت در آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 شد ولی در کمترین غلظت (µg/ml 10-5) باعث کاهش قابل توجه در اندازه ذرات چربی شد. به علاوه این عصاره ها تاثیرات قوی بر مهار رادیکالهای آزاد از خود نشان دادند. فراکشن های به دست آمده از بخشهای مختلف گیاه با استفاده از اتیل استات، آب و کلروفرم به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز، مهار رادیکالهای آزاد و بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج به دست آمده در مجموع نشان داد که تاثیر هر دو گونه Chorisia بر آدیپوژنز و رادیکالهای آزاد ناشی از میزان قابل توجه فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات فنلی در آنها است. به علاوه نتایج حاکی از ارزش بالقوه این دو گونه در پیشگیری از اختلالات مرتبط با چاقی و بیماریهای مرتبط با رادیکال های آزاد است. مطالعات بیشتر برای بررسی اساس مولکولی تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز همراه با آنالیزهای فیتوشیمیایی دقیق به خصوص در عصاره های غنی از فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات قطبی پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی گونه .Acorus calamus L از ارتفاعات مختلف اوتاراکند هیمالیا
آرکانا پارکی پینکی کوبی ام پراکاش راوندرا کومار آنیل پانت

Background & Aim:  Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. Th More

Background & Aim:  Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. The rhizomes are whitish internally and brownish externally in appearance. It is vernacularly known as Bach in India. The present investigation reveals the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the rhizome and leaves methanolic extracts of A calamus from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand. Experimental:  The extracts compositions of Acorus calamus rhizomes and leaves collected from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The yield of extracts ranged from 0.3- 4.8% w/v, were analyzed by GC/MS and in-vitro antioxidant assay were done by different methods. Results:  Over 65 contributing 80.90-90.55 % in different extracts among all the accessions were identified. The major compounds identified were β-asarone (44.9-51.9%), shyobunone (1.1%- 5.3%), Z-methyl isoeugenol (0.1%-2.4%), leinoleic acid (6.4%-18.9%), α-asarone(0.1%-4.6%) and Z-isoelemicin (2.2%-15.8%). The amount of phenolics in rhizome extracts, ranged from 4.10 mg-4.80 mg GAE/g respectively, whereas in leaf extracts the amounts were 2.40-3.26mg GAE/g respectively. All the extracts exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity with the IC50 values ranging from 0.3- 4.8 % w/v determined by different methods compared to standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: Based on above observations it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials beside generation of database for its scientific and judicious in-situ exploitation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Efficient synthesis of trisphenols using reduced sulfonated graphene nanocatalyst under solvent free conditions
Samaneh Behravesh Reza Fareghi-Alamdari Rashid Badri

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Spinel ferrites as efficient magnetically reusable nanocatalysts in the solvent-free synthesis of substituted trisphenols
Negar Zekri Reza Fareghi-Alamdari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Melamine trisulfonic acid: A new, efficient and reusable catalyst for the protection of alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and amines
Farhad Shirini Mohammad A. Zolfigol Jalal Albadi Toktam F. Rastegar

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Silylation of alcohols and phenols by HMDS in the presence of ionic liquid and silica-supported ionic liquids
Hassan Tajik Khodabakhsh Niknam Somayeh Karimian

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - The Impact of UV-B Radiation on Some Metabolites and Pigments of Carum Copticum Under In vitro Culture
Ghasem Mehranzadeh Amir Hossein Forghani Roya Razavizadeh

10.30495/ijpp.2020.1895289.1210

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Studying the Efficiency of Suaeda Maritima (L.) Dumort in Phytoremediation of Saline Soil
Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Walaa Elshalakani

10.30495/ijpp.2023.1953453.1405

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The determination and measurement of some secondary metabolites of leaves, stems and roots of Dendrostellera lessertii(Wikstr)Van. Tigeh. and allelopathy effects on barley and mungbean plants
B. Delnavaz O. Ataei M. Mojdehi

Dendrostellera lessertii )Thymelaeaceae family) is one of the herb and medicinal plants with anti-cancer agents. In this study, active substance of roots, stems and leaves of D. lessertii was determined and assayed. Allelopathic effects of some concentration of alcoholi More

Dendrostellera lessertii )Thymelaeaceae family) is one of the herb and medicinal plants with anti-cancer agents. In this study, active substance of roots, stems and leaves of D. lessertii was determined and assayed. Allelopathic effects of some concentration of alcoholic extract of D. lessertii were evaluated on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and mungbean(Vigna radiata L.). The treatments were include organs (leaves, root and stem), concentrations (0, 50 anf 100 mgml-1) and seeds (barley and mungbean). All experiments occurred in laboratories of Saveh University and in completely random blocks design.The present of effective compounds include dense tannins; hydrolyzed tannins and alkaloids identified using TLC analysis and the color reaction with Dragendorff and Ferro chloride reagents. The results showed all organs of D. lessertii are rich of phenols, tannins and alkaloids but in roots and leaves had the highest contents. Phenolic compounds of D. lessertii were very high and hydrolyzed tannins were more than dense tannins. To compare with other plants, alkaloids of D. lessertii organs were the high but phenols and hydrolyzed tannins were low. The results showed D. lessertii alcoholic extract reduce seedlings growth and 66% and 33% seeds germination of barely and mungbean sequentially. Alcoholic extract have allelopathic effects on seeds germination and seedlings growth of barley and mungbean but on barley was more inhibited. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article