fungicide

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1 - An Improved Process for the Production of 5-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b) benzothiazole as a Fungicide
Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs

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2 - New Benzimidazoles Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activities
Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs

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3 - Study on the fungicidal effects of WELGRO® Cu+Zn in controlling rice blast disease under field condition
Hadis Shahbazi Freydoun Padash dehkaei Faramarz Alinia Seyedeh Akram Mousavi Qaleh Roudkhani

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copp More

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copper and 37.3% Zinc) in controlling rice blast disease in comparison with 0.5 kg/ha of Tricyclazole (75% WP) were evaluated in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh and Rasht. For this purpose, Hashemi seedlings were transplanted at a distance of 20×20 cm in the 4×5 m plots. Treatments were applied at the first appearance of disease symptoms in the region for leaf blast and after heading for panicle blast. In the control treatments, water was sprayed. Leaf and panicle blast disease percentages were assessed seven days after the first spraying and one week before harvest, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® compared to the control not only reduced leaf, node, neck, and panicle blast disease, 25.77, 24.22, 38.44, and 8.41% in Rasht and 58.70, 29.05, 43.11, and 43.15% in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, respectively, but also its efficacy in controlling blast disease and its yield and yield components was very close to that of Ticyclazole. It should be noted that the results of the present study were obtained in a situation where the severity of the blast disease in the experimental field was not in an outbreak state. If the disease is in epidemic conditions, not only the use of 2 kg/ha WELGRO®, but also the 0.5 kg/ha tricyclazole is not efficient for blast disease control. If a rice blast epidemic is not predicted, the use of WELGRO® in rotation with other fungicides can control the disease, delay fungicide resistance, and also it can be used in organic rice production. Manuscript profile

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4 - The effect of some systemic fungicids against Barley loose smut
Mehdi Nasrisfahani Mohammad Jaber Gharibi Sadegh Jalali

Barley (Hordeum vulgar) is one of the most important strategical world's agricultural products which stand in the 4th position after wheat, soya and corn, Barley, also attact with several diseases out of which, true loose smut is one of the most important one, which cau More

Barley (Hordeum vulgar) is one of the most important strategical world's agricultural products which stand in the 4th position after wheat, soya and corn, Barley, also attact with several diseases out of which, true loose smut is one of the most important one, which causing qualitative and quantitative losses. Various management strategies are taken into considerations to control the disease. One of the economical methods to manage the diseases is the application of general systemic fungicides. In this study, we evaluated some systemic fungicides including carboxin thiram (Dividend star ®, %75 wp), triadimenol (Baytan®, %7.5 wp), diniconazol (Somi8®, wp), triniconazol (Real®, FS), repectively in various dosage levels of 2, 2, 1/5 and. /2,  in comparison with a newer fungicid Dividend star® 036 (FS) also, in various dosage levels, which was taken into studies on a Barley cultivar "Karun dar Kavir" (Nosrat).The experiment was carried out in a Rendomized Block Design (RBD) with the above fungicides in various dosage in 10 treatments in the field conditions at the years of 2006 -2007. The results showed that, the fungicides Dividend® (2ml/lit), Somi8® (2gr/lit), Real® (0.02ml/lit) and Baytan® (1.5 gr/lit) were the most efficient fungicides in the disease control repectively. Carboxy thiram (2gr/lit) and Dividend® (1ml/lit) were the least concerned on the disease control in comparison to other fungicides, including the control.  Manuscript profile

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5 - Studies on fungistatic effects of some fungicides on growth of Alternaria alternata and A. solani
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani Sahereh Naderpour Neda Rafizadeh

Early blight is an important and ubiquitous disease which attacks many herbaceous plants Specially Solanaceae family. Already this disease threaten the potato fields In Iran. The experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of rovral, Chlrotalonil, Mancozeb More

Early blight is an important and ubiquitous disease which attacks many herbaceous plants Specially Solanaceae family. Already this disease threaten the potato fields In Iran. The experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of rovral, Chlrotalonil, Mancozeb fungicides in 1 ppm against flint in 1, 2, 5, 10 ppm on different culture media, including PDA and CMA for two species Alternaria alternata & Alternaria solani. The result indicated that, all of tested fungicides could prevent the growth of two species with the various levels, as far as the growth rates are concerned. Also flint fungicide in various concentrations, 1,2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm indicated that it could effectively inhibit the growth of two fungal species, as the dosages are increased, indicating the reductions in the growth correspondingly. The highest inhibitions were flint 500 and 1000 ppm and the lowest in flint 1 ppm. This fungicides had a very significant effects on the sporulation of A. alternate, indicated that, with the increased in fungicides concentrations, the sporogenesis decreased, in which the highest sporulation was in Mancozeb treatment and the lowest was in flint with 1000 ppm Also, the results indicated, that the fungicides had effective reductions on the dry and wet mycelial growth weights on zapeks culture media, where the highest wet weights were observed in Mancozeb fungicide, and the lowest was in flint, 1000 ppm. Manuscript profile

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6 - Comparison of cultural and chemical measures of controls on Rhizoctonia disease of potato
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani

Rhizoctonia canker, also known as stem canker and black scurf of potato, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, causing serious economic losses by canker on under ground stem, roots, stolens, blanding of tubers and black scurf on potato surfacee in Isfahan. In this manscript, the eff More

Rhizoctonia canker, also known as stem canker and black scurf of potato, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, causing serious economic losses by canker on under ground stem, roots, stolens, blanding of tubers and black scurf on potato surfacee in Isfahan. In this manscript, the effects of green chitting and or disinfection of potato seed tubers and soil were considered on this disease in the fields. The laboratory trails on R. solani isolates indicated that, almost all the sclerotinia are pathogenic. The seed tubers of four potato cultivars were selected and kept under room temperature along with normal light and high humidity for two months. Then, they were sown in the highly infested soil to the disease. The results indicated that the green chittings reduced Rhizoctonia stem canker severity effectively. In comparison to the above experiments, the fungicide screening, Rovral in the form of seed, soil and simultaneous seed and soil applications were carried out in the same fields. The results showed that the stem canker severity was reduced effectively compared to chittings and that of control. Increased growth response was observed in only green chitted potato seed tubers compared to other treatments.  Manuscript profile

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7 - Evaluation of efficacy of chemical control on witches' broom rust disease on seedless barberry in South Khorasan province
Mohammad Reza Mirzaee Hadi Mahmoudi Homayoun Kazemi Ali AzariNasrabad

Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebu More

Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebuconazole + Spiroxamine + Triadimenol) at concentrations 0.6 and 1 ml L-1, Folicur 1 and 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra (Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole) 0.75 and 1.2 ml L-1 and Tilt 0.5 and 1 ml L-1 at two locations of South Khorasan during 2018-2019 at the time of disease symptoms initiation as randomized complete block design. There was significant difference in witches' broom rust severity scores between the different fungicides and rates of application and control treatment. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that one time application of Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 were determined as the most effective in controlling the disease at the time of disease appearance, followed by Folicur 1 ml L-1, 1.5 ml L-1, Falcon 0.6 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 0.75 ml L-1, Falcon 1 ml L-1, Tilt 1 and 0.5 ml L-1. The highest and lowest disease severity were obtained in control and folicur (1 ml L-1) treatments, respectively. Application of treatments including Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 and Amistar Xtra at concentrations 0.75 ml L-1 were also significantly effective in decreasing the number of witches' brooms. Manuscript profile

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8 - The Evaluation of efficacy of chemical control on witches' broom rust disease on seedless barberry in South Khorasan province
Mohammad Reza Mirzaee Hadi Mahmoudi Homayoun Kazemi Ali AzariNasrabad

10.30495/plant.2023.708697

South Khorasan province of Iran is the largest producer of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) in the world. The production and quality of common barberry shrub are affected by broad range of abiotic and biotic causal agents. Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia ar More

South Khorasan province of Iran is the largest producer of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) in the world. The production and quality of common barberry shrub are affected by broad range of abiotic and biotic causal agents. Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years' field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebuconazole + Spiroxamine + Triadimenol) at concentrations 0.6 and 1 ml L-1, Folicur 1 and 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra (Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole) 0.75 and 1.2 ml L-1 and Tilt 0.5 and 1 ml L-1 at two locations of South Khorasan during 2018-2019 at the time of disease symptoms initiation as randomized complete block design. There was significant difference in witches' broom rust severity scores between the different fungicides and rates of application and control treatment. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that one-time application of Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 were determined as the most effective in controlling the disease at the time of disease appearance, followed by Folicur 1 ml L-1, 1.5 ml L-1, Falcon 0.6 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 0.75 ml L-1, Falcon 1 ml L-1, Tilt 1 and 0.5 ml L-1. The highest and lowest disease severity were obtained in control and Folicur (1 ml L-1) treatments, respectively. Based on our findings retrieved from results of this study and field trials, Folicur at concentrations 1 ml L-1 and Falcon at concentrations 0.6 ml L-1 at the time of disease symptoms initiation to achieve efficient control and application of rotation of them to mitigate fungicide resistance development are recommended. Application of treatments including Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 and Amistar Xtra at concentrations 0.75 ml L-1 were also significantly effective in decreasing the number of witches' brooms. Manuscript profile

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9 - Effect of Mildew cure fungicide in controlling the cucumber powdery mildew disease
Hossain Azimi Dariush Shahriari

Powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in compl More

Powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replications in field and glasshouse conditions in Karaj during 2012-13. Treatments were 7.5, 10, and 15 mll-1 of Mildew cure L. 83% alongside with 0.2 gl-1 of Trifloxystrobin (Flint WG 50%) as standard fungicide and untreated control (without any spraying). Foliar applications of fungicides were made at 7 day intervals, started after early symptoms appearance and followed up until symptom expressed in untreated plants in a maximum disease severity index due to Horsfal and Barrat scale. The results were expressed as the foliage protection percentage (FPP) of each presumed area bypowdery mildew based on Horsfal and Barrat scale, then midpoint of presumed areas was calculated for each plot. Analysis of variance of trials data revealed that there are significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01. Mean comparison of the treatment showed that Mildew cure 10 mll-1 decreased disease by 76.2% compared to untreated control plants in field and Mildew cure 7.5 mll-1 decreased disease incidence by 90% compared to non-sprayed check in glasshouse. Based on the results of this study, these treatments recommended for cucumber powdery mildew disease management. Manuscript profile

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10 - Investigation of the effect of fungicides on mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea, the cause of gray mold disease in tomatoes
mojdeh maleki mahboubeh Ghasemi Damghani somyh Farahani

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) is one of the most popular crops in the world. The cultivation of this plant is always exposed to harmful factors, especially blight caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which in favorable environmental conditions (high humidity More

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) is one of the most popular crops in the world. The cultivation of this plant is always exposed to harmful factors, especially blight caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which in favorable environmental conditions (high humidity and temperature up to 15˚C) in cultivars and tomato hybrids are common. Fungicides can prevent disease by controlling germination and spore infiltration, but due to the pathogen's resistance to fungicides, it is necessary to alternate spraying programs with the appropriate doses and at the appropriate times. This study examined the effect of several fungicides on the pathogenic mycelial growth. For this purpose, various fungal isolates were collected from greenhouses and tomato farms. Purification and proof of pathogenicity and pathogenicity of fungal isolates were performed on disease-sensitive cultivars named PETOERLI with fungal spores suspension at 2 × 105 spores per ml on leaves in greenhouses. The severity of the disease index was determined after 15 days and to determine the effect of fungicides on mycelial growth, Captan, Ipirudion + Carbendazim, Thiram, Agrofar and Thiophanate -methyl fungicides were used at a rate of one per thousand in the culture medium. Among the used fungicides, Iprodione + Carbendazim with 89.5% inhibition and then Agrofar with 83.76% with a concentration of one per thousand were successful in controlling mycelial fungal growth control, respectively. Manuscript profile

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11 - فعالیت ضد قارچی عصاره گیاه دارویی علف چشمه (Nasturtium officinale) علیه قارچ Fusarium solani عامل پوسیدگی خشک سیب زمینی
جعفر نیکان هادی خاوری

مقدمه و هدف: پوسیدگی ناشی از گونه های مختلف فوزاریوم (Fusarium spp.) ، یکی از بیماری های قارچی مهم پس از برداشت سیب زمینی است. مهمترین روش های مبارزه با این بیماری شامل حمل و نقل و انبارداری مناسب غده های سیب زمینی به منظور به حداقل رساندن و ترمیم زخم های روی غده ها و ن More

مقدمه و هدف: پوسیدگی ناشی از گونه های مختلف فوزاریوم (Fusarium spp.) ، یکی از بیماری های قارچی مهم پس از برداشت سیب زمینی است. مهمترین روش های مبارزه با این بیماری شامل حمل و نقل و انبارداری مناسب غده های سیب زمینی به منظور به حداقل رساندن و ترمیم زخم های روی غده ها و نیز سمپاشی غده ها با ترکیبات قارچ کش است. اگر چه مدیریت موثر آفات با کاربرد آفت کش های مصنوعی به دست می آید ولی به دلیل افزایش آگاهی از خطرات مرتبط با استفاده از این مواد شیمیائی، توجه زیادی بر روی روش های جایگزین مانند کاربرد ترکیبات طبیعی گیاهان معطوف گشته است.روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه چهار غلظت مختلف از عصاره الکلی علف چشمه  (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) برای فعالیت ضد قارچی علیه Fusarium solani  عامل اصلی پوسیدگی خشک سیب زمینی در استان همدان در شرایط درون شیشه (روی محیط کشت) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ملاک ارزیابی درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ بود.نتایج و بحث:نتایج نشان داد که همه غلظت های مورد استفاده از عصاره الکلی علف چشمه در کنترل قارچ بر روی محیط کشت موثرند. بالاترین میزان ممانعت از رشد قارچ به ترتیب با 7/ 32% و 1/ 26%  با استفاده از تیمار قارچ کش و غلظت mg/m l600  عصاره علف چشمه به دست آمد.  به علاوه میزان ممانعت از رشد قارچ با عصاره وابسته به غلظت بود. به هر حال از نظر درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ عامل بیماری تفاوت معنی داری بین غلظت های  mg/ml500 و mg/ml400  یا بین غلظتهای mg/ml400 و mg/ml300 عصاره علف چشمه مشاهده نشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش به نظر می رسد که عصاره علف چشمه توانائی کاربرد به عنوان قارچ کش طبیعی علیه قارچF.solaniرا دارد. پیشنهاد می شودکه این عصاره در شرایط طبیعی (روی غده های سیب زمینی ) نیز اجرا گردد. Manuscript profile

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12 - تأثیر تعدادی از عصاره های گیاهی بر روی رشد دو گونه از قارچ آسپرژیلوس
سیما یحیی آبادی الناز زیبانژاد منیر دودی

مقدمه و هدف: در سال های اخیر استفاده از فرآورده های گیاهی در ممانعت عوامل بیماریزا از جمله ویروسها، باکتریها، قارچ ها و انگل ها بهطور گسترده مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. برخی از قارچ ها از جمله عوامل بیماریزا هستند که میتوانند در انسان، جانورا More

مقدمه و هدف: در سال های اخیر استفاده از فرآورده های گیاهی در ممانعت عوامل بیماریزا از جمله ویروسها، باکتریها، قارچ ها و انگل ها بهطور گسترده مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. برخی از قارچ ها از جمله عوامل بیماریزا هستند که میتوانند در انسان، جانوران و گیاهان مختلف ایجاد اختلال نمایند. عصاره های گیاهی از جمله موادی هستند که به عنوان فرآورده های ضد قارچی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته اند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات ضد قارچی عصاره های آبی  شوید (Anethum graveolens)، آویشن (Thymus vulgaris)، گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum) و گل محمدی (Rosa damascena) برروی سویه های استاندارد و جداسازی شدهی ( آسپرژیلوس فلاووس) و ( آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس) است. روش تحقیق: از روش چاهک جهت بررسی ممانعت از رشد عصاره های گیاهی استفاده شد و هاله ی عدم رشد غلظت های مختلف عصاره ها به طور جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی رشد قارچ ها (MIC) به روش رقت سازی تعیین شد و در نهایت اثرات عصاره های آبی گیاهان نامبرده با اثرات نیستاتین مقایسه گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در مورد آسپرژیلوس فلاووس استاندارد (PTCC 5006 )، نیستاتین، عصاره های آبی شوید، آویشن و گشنیز به میزان برابر و در نهایت گل محمدی دارای بیشترین اثرات ضد قارچی بودند. در مورد سویه ی جداسازی شدهی این قارچ از محیط، نیستاتین، عصاره های آبی آویشن، گشنیز و سپس عصاره ی آبی شوید و در نهایت گل محمدی بیشترین اثرات ضد قارچی را داشتند. در مورد آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس استاندارد (PTCC 5009)، موثرترین ترکیبات ضد قارچی بررسی شده به ترتیب شامل نیستاتین، عصاره های آبی شوید، آویشن، گل محمدی و گشنیز بودند. در مورد سویه ی جداسازی شده ی این قارچ، موثرترین ترکیبات ضد قارچی به ترتیب شامل نیستاتین، عصاره های آبی شوید، آویشن، گشنیز و در نهایت گل محمدی بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در تمامی موارد عصاره ها موجب کاهش رشد کلنی قارچ ها گردید که در این میان با افزایش غلظت عصاره های آبی شوید، آویشن، گشنیز و گل محمدی این اثر افزایش می یابد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با اثبات اثر بخش بودن عصاره های آبی برگ گیاهان شوید، آویشن، گشنیز و گل گیاه گل محمدی بر روی رشد دو گونه از قارچ آسپرژیلوس شامل آسپرژیلوس  فلاووس و آسپرژیلوس  فومیگاتوس،  می توان امیدوار بود که بتوان در آینده با تخلیص ماده ی موثر گیاهان فوق و انجام تحقیقات بیشتر، به تولید صنعتی ترکیبی با اثرات ضد قارچی قابل قبول و عوارض جانبی کم برای درمان عفونت های قارچی دست یافت. Manuscript profile

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13 - Effects of savory essential oil on germination parameters of Fusarium infected-seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Fatemeh Rahimian Hamid Reza Eisvand

10.30495/ijpp.2016.532690

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14 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی تاثیر برخی قارچ کش‌ها و عصاره چای روی Pestalotia sp. وColletotrichum sp. ، عوامل لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا
Mahsa Moshayedi Hadi Rahanandeh Alireza Hamzeh

اثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوا More

اثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوامل بیماری زا به کار برده شدند. اثر قارچ کش های مختلف Bavistin 50WP، Dithane M-45، Aliette، Benlate 50 WP و Topsin M 70 WP روی قارچ Pestalotia کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب با 5/0، 5/0، 5/0 ، 38/3 و 56/2 میلی متر و شاهد 0/88 میلی متر در دوز تجاری توصیه شده 2000 پی پی ام داشت. قارچ کش های فوق کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه Colletotrichum داشتند و در هر سه غلظت هیچ رشدی در مقابل سه قارچ کش Mancozeb ،Thiophanate-methyl وFosetyl aluminum مشاهده نشد. با این حال حساسیت قابل توجهی در پاتوژن های جدا شده به قارچ کش های مختلف وجود داشت. غلظت های مختلف عصاره برگ تازه چای مورد استفاده، برای کنترل عوامل بیماری زا فوق هیچ کدام قادر به جلوگیری از رشد کلنی قارچ ها در سطح آزمایشگاه نبودند. Manuscript profile

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