chemical control

Open Access Article

1 - The Evaluation of Application Time of Prosulfocarb (80% EC) Herbicide on Weed Control especially Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wheat
Ebrahim Mamnoie Mohamad Reza karaminejad Mehdi Minbash Moeini Hassan Zali

To study the effect of Prosulfocarb (Boxer, 80% EC) herbicides to control weeds of wheat fields in Fars (Dara). This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and 4 replications during 2021-2022. The treatments include (Treat. 1 More

To study the effect of Prosulfocarb (Boxer, 80% EC) herbicides to control weeds of wheat fields in Fars (Dara). This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and 4 replications during 2021-2022. The treatments include (Treat. 1 to 9) the application of Boxer herbicide at a dose rate of 3, 3.5 and 4 L ha- 1, before the first irrigation, after the first irrigation, and early post-emergence in 1 to 3 leaves of wheat. (Treat. 10) Pinoxaden (Axial, 5% EC) + Bromoxynil+ MCPA (Bromicide MA, 40% EC) at dose rate 1.2 l + 1.5 L ha-1, respectively. (Treat. 11) Mesosulfuron+Iodosulfuron+ Diflufenican (Othello, 6% OD) at a dose rate of 1.6 L ha-1, (Treat. 12) Diclofop-Methyl (Iloxan, 36% EC) + Tribenuron methyl (Geranestar, 75% DF) at dose rates of 2.5 L ha-1+ 20 g ha-1, (Treat. 13) Metribuzin (Sencor, 70% WP) at the rate of 800 g ha-1 (400 g ha-1 in, early post-emergence in 1 to 3 leaves of wheat + 400 g ha-1 in the tillering stage of wheat), and (Treat. 14) weeding control. The highest relative density was Lolium rigidum L. (39%) in the experiment. The results showed that herbicides that were applied significantly decreased the weed density and biomass of Lolium rigidum L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Carthamus oxyacanthus M.B. significantly increased the number of spikes per m2, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and biological yield. Pre-emergence application of Boxer was better than its application early after its emergence. The herbicide application of Boxer (4 L ha-1) before the first water decreased weed biomass of, L. rigidum, M. officinalis, and C. oxyacanthus by 72, 67 and 85%, respectively. Sencor herbicide had the best control on L. rigidum by 82%, and increased grain yield (6.5-ton ha-1) by 35 compared to weed control. Herbicide was introduced as the best treatment. The efficiency of Sencor herbicide and Boxer (4 L ha-1 before the first) was higher than other herbicides in L. rigidum control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigation the effect of reduced doses of total herbicide (Metsulfuron methyl+Sulfosulfuron) on the control of Japanes brom (Bromus japonicus) in wheat
Mansoor Sarani Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meybodi

Bromus is one of the most important weeds in wheat fields in Sistan and Baluchistan province that causes high damages to wheat production as annual. In order to achieve reduced dual purpose herbicide doses Metsulfuron methyl+sulfosulfuron in the early stages of wheat gr More

Bromus is one of the most important weeds in wheat fields in Sistan and Baluchistan province that causes high damages to wheat production as annual. In order to achieve reduced dual purpose herbicide doses Metsulfuron methyl+sulfosulfuron in the early stages of wheat growth and comparison with other doses in tillering stage and after that, this design was conducted randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of spraying time in four steps, based on the growth stages of wheat 1- appearance of tree leafs, 2- appearance of five leafs 3- tillering 4- stem elongation and The total herbicide dose includes the recommended dose (45 gr/ha), 75 percentage of the recommended dose (33 gr/ha), 50 percentage of the recommended dose (23 gr/ha), and 25 percentage of the recommended dose (12 gr/ha) and herbicide of sulfosulfuron as standard herbicide in tillering stage and control without spraying were conducted. Different assessments including bromus dry weight at 30 and 60 days after treatment in wheat harvesting time and also grain yield were evaluated. In addition, damage to Bromus and wheat was done using the visual scoring method Based on the obtained results, Treatment six means 75 percentage of the total recommended dose (33 gr/ha) in the five stage, the wheat leaf, which has not seen any damage in the wheat, was recognized as the best treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the efficacy of herbicides to control dandelions (Taraxacum syriacum Boiss.) in lawn of Landscape
seyede maryam Mozafari Hamidreza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad

Urban landscapes are considered as one of the main elements of beauty in cities. In order to investigate the effect of different herbicides on the control of dandelion in the lawn, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and natural landscape of University of Moha More

Urban landscapes are considered as one of the main elements of beauty in cities. In order to investigate the effect of different herbicides on the control of dandelion in the lawn, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and natural landscape of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. For this purpose, first, in the screening test, nine broad-leaved and dual-purpose herbicides were tested at 0.25, 0.5 x , 1 x and 2 x recommended dose with a control (no herbicide application) in the greenhouse environment on dandelion seedlings. After the statistical analysis of the data from this stage, six herbicides bromoxynil, U46, Otello, Dylan, Atlantis and Total were selected and tested at 0.5, 1 and 2 of recommended dose with the control in natural conditions. It was used in three replications in the landscape infected with dandelions in plots of 1 square meter (1x1). In natural condition, applied of bromoxynil and U46 reduced dandelion dry weight by more than 50% compared to control, which had significantly different with other treatments (except Total). In this case, level of visual scoring on lawn was less than 20% in U46, Bromoxynil, Dylan, Atlantis and Total herbicides and had no significant difference between them. Application of 2x recommended dose of bromoxynil, U46 and Atlantis herbicides had the lowest density of dandelion, which was 37, 50 and 37% less compared with control (dose 0), respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Weed management in cold season food legumes (chickpeas (Cice arietinumr L.) and lentils (Lens culinaris L.)) in Iran: challenges, findings and future approaches.
Ebrahi Izedi Darbandi Rahim Bakhsh Mohammad Nezadand Seyyed Karim Mousavi

Among pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, More

Among pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, especially in the early stages of growth, weeds are one of the serious problems in their production and yield gap. So their damage has been reported more than 90%. Therefore, weed control is one of the most important programs in chickpea and lentil management. In this regard, the review of the researchs conducted in order to adopt a suitable approach for weed management and control, can play an important role in reducing yield gap and provide a perspective for future researches in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the research conducted in weed control of chickpea and lentil in Iran. According to the reports, Iran's chickpea and lentil fields are infected with a wide range of broad and narrow leaf weeds, especially from the plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Considering the critical period of weed control in lentil and chickpea in Iran (30 to 60 days after planting), their control (mechanical, agronomical and chemical) in this period is necessary to obtain an acceptable yield. The most important limitation in the entezari planting of chickpea and lentil weeds are weeds, which due to the decrease in rainfall in the Iran and the importance of changing the growing season from spring to autumn, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of weeds in this planting system. Considering the existence of grass killer herbicides in the Iran, chemical control of grassy weeds in chickpea and lentil is less difficult, and for chemical control of broad leaf weeds, pyridite, trifluralin, fumsafen, isoxaflotel and piroxasulfone and the mixture of sulfentrazone + flumioxazin herbicides have been reported to be acceptable in chickpea and pendimetalin for lentil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Integrated Weed Management by Post Emergence Mixing Application of Atrazine and 2,4-D M.C.P.A in Corn (Zea mays) silage
Seyed davoud Sajadian Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel Kamal Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf

Weed control in corn conducted with various methods including chemical and mechanical or integrated of two mentioned methods. Atrazine is basic herbicide for many weeds control programs in USA. Atrazine is herbicide with good contact effect can be used as a post-emergen More

Weed control in corn conducted with various methods including chemical and mechanical or integrated of two mentioned methods. Atrazine is basic herbicide for many weeds control programs in USA. Atrazine is herbicide with good contact effect can be used as a post-emergence herbicide in corn. 2,4-D yet is an important part of weed control programs in the world and effective for many broad leaves weed control. Herbicide’s mixture can broaden weed control spectrum in crop such as corn. Herbicide’s mixture and cultivation caused effective weed control and reduce amount of herbicides application. In order to evaluate mixing and post emergence application of Atrazine and 2,4-D M.C.P.A on corn silage an experiment conducted in split plot factorial arranged in randomized complete block with three replication. Main factor was cultivation with three level 0, 1 and 2 time per hectare (respectively C1, C2 and C3) and factorial combination of Atrazine and 2,4-D M.C.P.A as a sub factor including Atrazine Wetable powder (%80 active ingredient) with 0, 1 and 2 kg per hectare (respectively A1, A2 and A3) and 2,4-D M.C.P.A soluble liquid (%67.5 active ingredient) with 0,.75 and 1.5 lit per hectare (respectively T1, T2 and T3), petroleum oil with Ghazal Shimi brand as an additive mixed with spraying solution as much as 1 liter per hectare in treatments with Atrazine to increase contact effect of Atrazine post emergence application. In this experiment Cocklebur and Common Lambs quarter were more sensitive broad leaves weeds to 2,4-D M.C.P.A but Purslane, Prostrate pigweed amaranth, red root pigweed and Jimsonweed were less sensitive. In narrow leaves weeds (grasses) Barnyard grass was sensitive to atrazine whereas Foxtail and Crab grass were tolerated. Effect of Cultivation, Atrazine and 2,4-D M.C.P.A on corn dry matter were significant (α=1%), so that one kilogram Atrazine per hectare caused significant dry matter increase in corn. Increase Atrazine application to two kg per hectare caused decrease in corn dry matter but was more than zero Atrazine and not significant. With increase 2,4-D M.C.P.A application from 0.75 to 1.5 liter per hectare, corn dry matter increased significantly. Interactions between cultivation, Atrazine and 2,4-D M.C.P.A were not significant. In simple effects of treatments, two-time cultivator (C2), one kilogram Atrazine (A2) and 1.5 liter 2,4-D M.C.P.A per hectare caused 21, 29 and 42 percent increase in corn dry mater, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Evaluation of efficacy of Aliado and Cyazofamid fungicides against downy mildew of local and commercial cucumber in Guilan
Elham Ghasemi Fereydoun Padasht Dehkaei Bizhan Yaghoubi Alireza Torang

Downy mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cy More

Downy mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cyazofamid (Ranman® SC 400) at the rate of 0.5 ml/l on the control of the disease was assessed on local (susceptible) and commercial (very susceptible) cultivars in the field condition. The experiment was done in randomized complete block design with 4 replication (local cultivar) and 3 replication (PS cultivar), in Kiashahr which has a history of cucumber cultivation and downy mildew disease occurrence. Spraying was carried out immediately after the appearance of disease symptoms and was repeated at intervals of 10, 7 and 5 days. For evaluation of each treatment, data was recorded based on disease severity on the leaves from 4 plants in each plot after 10, 7 and 5 days of fungicides application. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS software and Tukey test. Results showed that fungicide application caused significant decrease in the disease severity compared with the control treatment. The disease control rates were 89.3%, 85.8% and 79.7% on the local cultivar and 86/1%, 85.1% and 77.79% on the commercial cultivar in Cyazofamid and ALIADO with dose rates 3 and 2g/l respectively after the last spraying. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Study on the fungicidal effects of WELGRO® Cu+Zn in controlling rice blast disease under field condition
Hadis Shahbazi Freydoun Padash dehkaei Faramarz Alinia Seyedeh Akram Mousavi Qaleh Roudkhani

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copp More

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copper and 37.3% Zinc) in controlling rice blast disease in comparison with 0.5 kg/ha of Tricyclazole (75% WP) were evaluated in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh and Rasht. For this purpose, Hashemi seedlings were transplanted at a distance of 20×20 cm in the 4×5 m plots. Treatments were applied at the first appearance of disease symptoms in the region for leaf blast and after heading for panicle blast. In the control treatments, water was sprayed. Leaf and panicle blast disease percentages were assessed seven days after the first spraying and one week before harvest, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® compared to the control not only reduced leaf, node, neck, and panicle blast disease, 25.77, 24.22, 38.44, and 8.41% in Rasht and 58.70, 29.05, 43.11, and 43.15% in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, respectively, but also its efficacy in controlling blast disease and its yield and yield components was very close to that of Ticyclazole. It should be noted that the results of the present study were obtained in a situation where the severity of the blast disease in the experimental field was not in an outbreak state. If the disease is in epidemic conditions, not only the use of 2 kg/ha WELGRO®, but also the 0.5 kg/ha tricyclazole is not efficient for blast disease control. If a rice blast epidemic is not predicted, the use of WELGRO® in rotation with other fungicides can control the disease, delay fungicide resistance, and also it can be used in organic rice production. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effect of acaricide, Envidor speed, on figs spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranycidae)
Mehdi Gheibi Yazdanbakhsh Taheri

Fig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves More

Fig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves with yellowish-green appearance drop down prematurely. Effects of three doses (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 per thousand liters) of new acaricide envidor speed (spirodiclofen 222+abamactin, 18g/l SC) evaluated in comparison with three other acaricides i.e. spirodiclifen (0.5 per thousand liters), bromopropylate (1.5 per thousand liters) and abamectin (0.5 per thousand liters) on egg and adult stages of fig spider on Ezmir variety of fig orchards in Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of Estahban-Fars, during 2014. Five replications for every treatment done through randomized complete block design. 50 leaves were plucked from each block at random and number of egg and adult of Eo. hirsti recorded through ten sampling interval, one day before, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 24 and 30 days after chemical applications. The efficacy of the acaricides was calculated by Henderson and Tilton formula. The data were subjected to ANOVA and the means were analyzed by Duncan test. The results showed that after 5 days, three dose of envidor speed have a good effect than bromopropylate and abamectin. While the treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin have a significant population of egg mite 16.6 and 22.5 eggs respectively, after 30 days. The mean number of eggs in treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin increased after 15 days. Efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin showed an absolute control on adult mite after one day and mean mortality was 93.12 and 98.12 percent, respectively. Different concentration of envidor speed showed high efficacy after 3 days and for 03, 0.4 and 0.5 mortality were 94.99, 94.65 and 100%, respectively. Spirodiclofen showed high efficacy after 7 days. The efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin decreased after 15 days and were 47.13 and 72.43% after 30 days, respectively. The results showed that envidor speed has a longer and good effect on egg and adult form of fig spider mite. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Evaluation of Individual and Tank-mix Application of Herbicides on weed and Saffron Corm Weight in Neyshabour
Mohammad Reza Abbasian Mohammad Bazoobandi Alireza Sohani Darban

To evaluate the impacts of individual and tank-mix application of common herbicides on weed control as well as saffron corm an experiment with nine treatments and three replications was conducted in a saffron field in Neyshabour. The treatment included herbicides such a More

To evaluate the impacts of individual and tank-mix application of common herbicides on weed control as well as saffron corm an experiment with nine treatments and three replications was conducted in a saffron field in Neyshabour. The treatment included herbicides such as Oxyfluorfen 1.5 l. ha-1, Ioxynil 2 l. ha-1, Metribuzin 750 g. ha-1, Sethoxydim 2 l. ha-1, Fluazifop-P-Butyl 2.5 l. ha-1, Haloxyfop-R-methyl 1.3 l. ha-1, Oxyfluorfen+Haloxyfop-R-methyl, Ioxynil+Haloxyfop-R-methyl and Metribuzin+haloxyfop-R-methyl. Orthogonal comparisons showed that tank-mix application could significantly reduce weeds dry matter in comparison with individual application of their components. Compared with Ioxynil+Haloxyfob-R-metyl, tank mix application of Haloxyfop-R-methly with Oxyfluorfen or Metribuzin could significantly reduce weeds’ dry matter. Sethoxydim had the least effect on weed dry matters. The maximum weight of saffron corms were observed in treatments including Oxyfluorfen+Haloxyfop-R-methyl, Ioxynil+Haloxyfop-R-methyl, and Metribuzin+Haloxyfop-R-methyl.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Mating disruption for controlling the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lep.: Cossidae) by ZEUTEC commercial product in the walnut orchards
F. Shafaghi M. Jafar lou S. V. Farhangi A. Avand Faghih R. Shahsavari

Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mos More

Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mostly covered with walnut trees.Half of the plots were used as treatment applying ZUTEC and half for control (without any control method of leopard moth). In each treatment plots 300pheromon edispenser were attached on each tree and three pheromone traps were also installed in eah of all  plots before emerging the adults at the beginning of the season. The number of larval entrance holes on 8 one-year-old branches of 15 trees, located at the center of each plot, was counted at the end of summer to assess the damage caused by the pest in experimental plots. The mean number of larva entrance holes on each branch were compared in different treatments by t- test. The pheromone traps did not capture any adult in the plots where mating disruption pheromone was performed during the experiment in both provinces while the traps caught the adults in the control plots. This result confirmed the efficiency of this product for mis-orientation of the males. The mean number of larval entrance holes on branches in plots with pheromone mating disruption and control were respectively 1.693±0.169, and 4.39±0.232 in Ghazvin province, and 0.174±0.037, and 1.696±0.134 in East Azarbaiejan province which were  significantly different. (P < 0.01). The results showed the efficiency of mating disruption technique by this product for reducing the damage of the pest.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Study on the efficacy of different control methods of vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae) in Qom province
H. Valizadeh H. Farazmand

Vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults More

Vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults appear from mid May in Qom region. Three insecticides: Diazinon (10% granule), Carbaryl (Sevin® 85%) and Imidacloprid (Confidor® SC350) by soil application and gardening activities (pruning of top branches and shoveling of soil under vines) were compared. In this study The treatments were compared with the number of nymphal exuviae under vines and grape vine yield. The results showed that the maximum number of nymphal exuviae was recorded on the control treatment (14.2) and the minimum was on trees using the treatment of Imidacloprid (4.9). The highest and lowest of grape yield were recorded in Imidacloprid (54.1 kg) and control (15.7 kg) treatments, respectively. Based on treatments ranking, application of Imidacloprid (20 ml at each vine tree) at nymphs emergence time from soil was effective in decreasing of vine cicada damage and increasing of the grape vine yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigation on the effect of three medicinal plant essential oils on mycelia growth, conidia production and germination of three species of entomopathogenic fungi in laboratory conditions
O. Panahi J. Hosseinzadeh S. A. Safavi H. Farazmand

Due to healthy and environmental hazards of chemical pesticides, it is important to change the methods in durable and Organic agriculture by using bio pesticides and essential oils. The effects of essential oils of three aromatic plants, Mentha spicata, Cuminum cyminum More

Due to healthy and environmental hazards of chemical pesticides, it is important to change the methods in durable and Organic agriculture by using bio pesticides and essential oils. The effects of essential oils of three aromatic plants, Mentha spicata, Cuminum cyminum and Citrus aurantifolia was studied on mycelial growth, germination and conidial production rate of three entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium longisporum, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. This study was done in a completely randomized design with five treatments (five concentrations of essential oils) and three replicates on SDA medium in 27±1°C. Results showed that L. longisporum and B. bassiana were the most susceptible with 41.06% colony growth prevention and M. anisopliae was the most resistant to the essential oils. Also the essential oil of C. cyminum with 41.06% had the most effect and C. aurantifolia with 20.44% had the least effect on mycelial growth. In concentration of 20 µl, the essential oils of C. cyminum and C. aurantifolia showed the most and the least preventive effect in conidial germination, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Effect of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea in compared to Takumi pesticide on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
mahdi Ahmadi Alireza Jalalizand Esmaeil Mahmoudi

The effectiveness of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea and non-chemical treatments were investigated on the control of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. The experiment was performed in greenhouse with five treatments (vermicompost tea, azotobacter-enriched vermicompo More

The effectiveness of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea and non-chemical treatments were investigated on the control of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. The experiment was performed in greenhouse with five treatments (vermicompost tea, azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea, takumi pesticide, Azotobacter and control) with four replications in a completely randomized design. Three days after spraying, the numbers of larval tunnels on leaf and thirty days later, the numbers of adult moths of T. absoluta were counted. The results revealed that tomatoes treated with Azotobacter enriched vermicompost tea and Takumi had the lowest number of adult moths (9.35 and 13.75 per plant respectively). As well as, the azotobacter treatment was able to reduce the adults moth by up to 50% compared to the control. The results of the number of larval tunnels showed that the mean number of larval tunnels/plant for Azotobacter enriched vermicompost tea was 19.50, which compared to other treatments, had the best effect in reducing the damage of tomato leaf miner. Vermicompost tea and Azotobacter as biological fertilizers, besides being able to increase the yield of tomatoes, have an effective role in reducing the population and damage of the tomato leafminer pest, and they can be used in sustainable agriculture as an alternative with pesticides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Chemical control on the causal agent of tobacco blue mold disease
seyed afshin sajadi mohamadreza Najafi aliakbar Masoudi

The Peronospora tabacina Adam fungi causes blue mold disease in the tobacco seedbed and fields. The purpose of this project was a survey of fungicides performance on the management of the tobacco blue mold. The experiments were carried out in the tobacco field with the More

The Peronospora tabacina Adam fungi causes blue mold disease in the tobacco seedbed and fields. The purpose of this project was a survey of fungicides performance on the management of the tobacco blue mold. The experiments were carried out in the tobacco field with the cultivar HBT8 in 8×5 m plots with 8 treatments in 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in the village of Esbokola Sari (Mazandaran province) through 2019. Experimental treatments included fungicides: 1. Infinito (Propamocarb (62.5%)+ Flopicolide (6.25%) Infinfito, SC 68.75) at concentration of 0.5/1000, 2. Infinito at concentration of 1/1000, 3. Infinito at concentration of 1.5/1000, 4. Ridomil-mancozeb (metalaxyl) at concentration of 0.5/1000, 5. Ridomil-mancozeb at concentration of 1/1000, 6. Ridomil-mancozeb at concentrations of 1.5 /1000, 7. Dithane M45 at concentration of 2.5/1000, 8. control (spray with water). As the first symptoms of the disease was observed, spraying was performed and the results were compared with water control. The disease severity was assessed when the disease percentage in the control treatment was estimated at 50%. Design data was analysed with MSTAT-C software and mean comparison was done by LSD. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference among the treatments at the 1% probability level. The fungicides of Infinito (1 and 1.5/1000), Ridomil-mancozeb (metalaxyl 1 and 1.5/1000), Dithane M45 (2.5/1000) and Infinito and Ridomil-mancozeb at concentrations of 0.5/1000 respectively, with 90, 88, 87, 82, 80, 75 and 70 percent controlled Tobacco blue mold disease in field. Therefore, fungicides of Infinito (1 and 1.5/1000), Ridomil-mancozeb (1/1000) are recommended for the management of Tobacco blue mold disease in field.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Evaluation of Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC 8.4%) in control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and its preharvest interval in greenhouse cucumber
Fariba Ardeshir Peyman Namvar Ghasem Askari Yazdi Ahmad Heidari Vahideh Mahdavi

The effect of acaricide Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC, 8.4%) was investigated to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber in greenhouses in Yazd and Jiroft. Abamectin (Agrimec Gold®) at two doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit was compared by More

The effect of acaricide Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC, 8.4%) was investigated to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber in greenhouses in Yazd and Jiroft. Abamectin (Agrimec Gold®) at two doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit was compared by Tetradifon (Tedion® EC, 2 ml/lit) and Sperimesifen (Oberon® SC, 0.5 ml/lit). Sampling and counting of live mites on the lower surface of the leaves were done at one day before and 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design. Results in both cities showed Abamectin had high mortality of mites at 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying and the effect of Sperimesifen was higher than Tetradifon. In Yazd province Abamectin treatment at doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit showed 100 percent mortality on mites at 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying and in Jiroft, efficacy of two doses were 92.79-99.48 % of mortality. In Yazd, efficacy of the sperimesifen was 66.1-99.5 percent but in Jiroft on day 3 Sperimesifen had caused 100 % of mite mortality and then decreased to 98.78% on day 14 after spraying. Investigation of preharvest interval of Abamectin at doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit in cucumber samples showed that 7 days after spraying is acceptable according to the Syngenta company claim, so based on efficiency test, it is recommended to use a dose of 0.185/lit of this acaricide to control TSSM in greenhouse cucumbers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Efficiency and residue levels of a new acaricide, Oberon Speed® (SC, 24%) for control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Prostigmata) on greenhouse cucumber
Fariba Ardeshir Payman Namvar Mohammad Reza Bagheri Vahideh Mahdavi Ahmad Heidari

10.30495/plant.2022.699224

Two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l w More

Two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l was compared to Kanemite® (acequinocyl, SC 15%) 1.25 ml/l, Danisaraba® (Cyflumetofen, SC 20%), 1 ml/l and control treatment (Water spraying) for efficacy against spider mite under greenhouses condition in Kerman (Jiroft city) and Isfahan (Isfahan city) provinces. Sampling of each treatment was done at one day before spraying then 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying respectively. The percentage of efficiency was calculated using Henderson-Tilton formula and statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design. In two provinces, the mean mortality of treatments was significant. In Jiroft, the mean mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l at 3 and 7 was 89.57% and 91.57% and the efficacy declined on 14th day (63.90%). During the test, Kanemite® and Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l caused mortality in the range of 76.30-89.04% and 56.89-75.63%. In Isfahan, the efficacy of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l was 74.08-63.99% and 91.9.-79.61% respectively and Danisaraba® effected 71.98-87.38%. Result showed that mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l recorded more than 74.73% in both provinces and it can be recommended for control of spider mite in greenhouse cucumbers; there were no residues of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l, after 7 days spraying.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Control of Rhizoctonia root rot of bell pepper in greenhouse using chemicals and biological fungicides
Maryam Shirmohammadi Ezatollah Sedaghatfar Reza Hejazi Hadi Rahanandeh

10.30495/plant.2022.699325

Bell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fung More

Bell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fungicides. In order to control Rhizoctonia root rot disease of bell pepper, a number of commercial biological agents based on Trichoderma harzianum, Glomus sp. mycorrhizal fungus, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria and three chemical fungicides Tebuconazole, Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb were investigated in greenhouse conditions. The analysis of variance showed that the treatments had significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in all the examined traits. The mean comparisons of the treatments were evaluated based on disease inhibition traits including the length of the necrotic tissue with the largest wound and the disease index and plant growth promotion traits, including plant fresh weight, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The treatments of negative control (no pathogen) and fungicide tebuconazole had the greatest effect on most of the traits, and the treatments of Potabarvar and Mycoroot and positive control (with pathogen) had the least effect. Among the biological control treatments, based on the lowest disease index and the lowest wound length, the combination of biological agents, Parsbacil, Probio96, Alkagreen, Trichoran-P and Tricho were ranked respectively. In the study of agricultural traits, biological treatments, combination of biological agents, Parsbacil and Probio-96 showed the highest values. In the management of this disease, apart from the chemical control method (Tebuconazole), the best option with a relatively similar statistical level was Parsbacill combination (SC) containing Bacillus velezensis strain M11-RTS, and Probio-96 containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria (P≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Comparison of Confidor and Palizin in control of greenhouse whitefly adults in Gerbera commercial greenhouses in Pakdasht
Zahra Ali Bazhashi Samin Seddigh Bahram Tafaghodinia

Gerbera is attacked by a large number of pests, one of the most important of which is greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood). Currently, it is controlled by chemical and large amounts of money are used to import insecticides to control this pest annual More

Gerbera is attacked by a large number of pests, one of the most important of which is greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood). Currently, it is controlled by chemical and large amounts of money are used to import insecticides to control this pest annually. In current research, the effect of Palizin and Imidacloprid in T. vaporariorum control in commercial gerbera greenhouses was compared. The experiment was performed in a commercial greenhouse in Pakdasht, Tehran. The same size and none flower gerbera pots were selected for further analysis. Before and after the experiment, the number of nymphs and adults were estimated. Selected factors were included: the pesticide in two levels, pesticide dose in three levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5), application time in three levels (hours 8, 12 and 16) and replications in a month in three levels (2, 4 and 6). Data was analyzed using Design Expert 10 software with RSM (Response Surface Method) method. Based on the result, the mortality percentage of whitefly adults during the use of Confidor is significantly higher than Palizin. Also the only significant factor was the pesticide type, and other factors will not make any significant changes in the response. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Effect of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea compared to Takumi pesticide on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
mahdi Ahmadi Alireza Jalalizand Esmaeil Mahmoudi

10.30495/plant.2023.704199

The effectiveness of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea and non-chemical treatments were investigated on the control of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. The experiment was performed in greenhouse with five treatments (vermicompost tea, azotobacter-enriched vermicompo More

The effectiveness of Azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea and non-chemical treatments were investigated on the control of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. The experiment was performed in greenhouse with five treatments (vermicompost tea, azotobacter-enriched vermicompost tea, takumi pesticide, Azotobacter and control) in four replications under a completely randomized design. Three days after spraying, the numbers of larval tunnels on leaf and thirty days later, the numbers of adult moths of T. absoluta were counted. The results revealed that tomatoes treated with Azotobacter enriched vermicompost tea and Takumi had the lowest number of adult moths (9.35 and 13.75 per plant respectively). As well as, azotobacter treatment was able to reduce the adults moth by up to 50% compared to the control. The results of the number of larval tunnels showed that the mean number of larval tunnels/plant for Azotobacter enriched vermicompost tea was 19.50, which compared to other treatments, had the best effect in reducing the damage of tomato leaf miner. Vermicompost tea and Azotobacter as biological fertilizers, besides being able to increase the yield of tomatoes, have an effective role in reducing the population and damage of the tomato leaf miner pest, and they can be used in sustainable agriculture as an alternative with pesticides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Efficacy of a new acaricide acequinocyl (Kanemite® SC, 15%) for the control of European red mite in apple orchards
Fariba Ardeshir Gholam Ali Akbarzadeh-shoukat Davood Shirdel

European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) is one of the most important pests in orchards including apple trees, across different parts of Iran. The effectiveness of the new acaricide acequinocyl was tested on the European red mite of apple tree in three provinces of West More

European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) is one of the most important pests in orchards including apple trees, across different parts of Iran. The effectiveness of the new acaricide acequinocyl was tested on the European red mite of apple tree in three provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Khorasan-e Razavi in 2016. Effect of acequinocyl 1 and 1.25 ml/lit was compared with spirodiclofen 0.5 ml/lit, phenazaquin 0.5 ml/lit, and control (watering). In order to determine the effectiveness of the treatment, the number of live mites on host leaves was recorded at one day before and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The percentage of efficiency of these treatments was calculated using Henderson-Tilton formula and the Analysis of Variance was done with SAS statistical software. In West Azerbaijan, there was a significant difference between treatments at 3 and 7 days and acequinocyl 1.25 ml/lit and phenazaquin were most effective in 3 days (97%). In East Azerbaijan, at 3 days, all acaricides showed more than 73% effectiveness. On the 21st day after spraying, spirodiclofen and acequinocyl (1 ml/lit.) had the highest effect compared to the other treatments (75.27% and 65.07% respectively). In Khorasan-e Razavi, all treatments were more than 93% effective at 14 days and the effect of acequinocyl 1.25 ml/l and phenazaquin treatments were similar (100%) on day 3. The results showed that acequinocyl at the both concentrations (1 ml/lit and 1.25 ml/lit) was effective in controlling European red mite on apple and could be a good alternative to older acaricides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Efficacy of Sulfosulforon (Apyrus) and Metham Sodium (Vapam) Herbicides on Control of Broomrape (Orobanche aeygptiaca) in Tomato Fields
الهام Zamanzadeh S.M. Nabavi Kalat S. Norouzzadeh

In order to evaluate the effect of Metham Sodium and Sulfosulforon dosages on broomrape control and tomato yield an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Mashhad Iran. Treatments were Metham Sodium and Sulfosulforon at th More

In order to evaluate the effect of Metham Sodium and Sulfosulforon dosages on broomrape control and tomato yield an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Mashhad Iran. Treatments were Metham Sodium and Sulfosulforon at the rates of 26.5, 53, 79.5, and 106 gr.ha-1, at the rates of 400, 600.800, and 1000 kg.ha-1. The results showed that Metham Sodium was more effective than Sulfosulforon. The highest  dry matter, number of broomrape foliage and tomato yield were obtained by using 1000 and 800 kg. ha-1 of Metham Sodium. Sulfosulforon was applied as post emergence once in this experiment. It seems that because of this reason efficiency is less than that of  comparison with Metham Sodium. Thus pre and post multi – applications of the herbicide was suggested during cropping season.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Investigation the Effect of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Somayeh Tokasi Ebrahim Kazerooni Monfared

10.30495/JCEP.2023.1935291.1816

In groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), less crop canopy during the first weeks of growth favors strong competition with weeds causing significant reduction in yield. To investigate the efficacy of the pre- and post- emergence herbicides in groundnut yield and weed control, More

In groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), less crop canopy during the first weeks of growth favors strong competition with weeds causing significant reduction in yield. To investigate the efficacy of the pre- and post- emergence herbicides in groundnut yield and weed control, this experiment was carried out in Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted Pendimethalin (33% EC), Oxyfluorfen (24% EC), Bentazon (48% SL) plus Haloxy fop R methyl ester (10.8% EC), Imazethapyr (10% SL), Trifluralin (48% EC), twice hand hoeing and rice straw mulch + hand weeding. To compare the treatments, EWRC rating scale for visual control and weed number and biomass reduction percentage in each treatment compared to control were applied. Also, the percentage increase of economic (seed) yield of groundnut in each treatment in comparison with control were assessed to evaluate the treatments. The result showed that the highest yield increases of peanut occurred in treatments of Bentazon at dosage of 2 L.ha-1 plus Haloxy fop R methyl ester at dosage of 0.75 L.ha-1 as post-emergence application at 2-5 leaf stage of weeds and twice hand hoeing at times of 3 and 6 weeks after planting with 188.6 and 177.7 % increase of yield compared to weedy control, respectively. In these two treatments the weed control of grass weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L.) was 81.5 and 100% respectively, broad leaved weed control (Physalis divaricate D. Don and Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was 84.7 and 93.1 % respectively and sedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control was 70.2 and 90.4 % respectively compared to control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Effect of Reduced Doses of Trifluralin on Control of ‎Common Lamsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and Redroot ‎Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in Potato (Solanum ‎tuberosum L.) Fields
Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim Elham &lrm; Samadi kalkhoran

To evaluate the reduced concentration effect of Trifluralin (Treflan EC 33%) on common lamsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in potato (cv. Agria) a field experiment based on randomized complete design with three replication More

To evaluate the reduced concentration effect of Trifluralin (Treflan EC 33%) on common lamsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in potato (cv. Agria) a field experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was carried out at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2013. Treatments were concentration of Trifluralin (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Lit a.i/ha) without weed control and weeding out (as control). Sampling of weeds were performed before and after flowering of potato. Statistical analysis showed significant differences of reduced concentrations of Trifluralin on reduction of both lamsquarters and pigweed in the field. The highest reduction in percentages of weed densities, before and after flowering (91.94 and 90.34 percent, respectively) were achieved by using 4 Lit a.i/ha of Trifluralin. Application 4 Lit a.i/ha of Trifluralin at before and after flowering reduced common lamsquarters density by 87.13 and 86.04 percentages, respectively. Application 4 Lit a.i/ ha Trifluralin at befor and after flowering reduced pigweed density by more than 90 percent. Experimental results also showed that different concentrations of Trifluralin had significant effect on mean tuber weight per plant, and potato tuber yield. The highest mean weight of tuber per plant, yield per plant and potato tuber yield was obtained at 2 Lit a.i/ha Trifluralin concentration, while it was not significantly different from that of 4 Lit a.i/ ha. Generally, application of 2 and 4 Lit a.i/ha Trifluralin incereased tuber yield by 51.85 and 50.74 percents respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Investigation the Effect of the Application of Single and Mixing of Propyzamide and Ethofumesate Herbicides in the Control of Dodder (Cuscuta Campestris), Grass and Broad Leaves Weeds of Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Sayyed Mahdi Hosseyni Hossein Najafi Behzad Sani Hamid Mozafari

10.30495/JCEP.2023.1932247.1806

In order to investigation the effect of the application of single and mixing of propyzamide and ethofumesate herbicides in the control of dodder, grass and broad leaves weeds of sugar beet, three experiment carried out at the greenhouse of sugar beet seed breeding resea More

In order to investigation the effect of the application of single and mixing of propyzamide and ethofumesate herbicides in the control of dodder, grass and broad leaves weeds of sugar beet, three experiment carried out at the greenhouse of sugar beet seed breeding research institute in 2017. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with 30, 10 and 9 treatments and four replications, respectively. Result showed that the effect of mixing different doses of Propyzamide and Ethofumesate herbicides and species of different area dodder on all studied traits in the present study was significant 1%. In general, the percentage of final germination (82.7%), daily germination rate (0.18 days) and the percentage of connection of Ardabil dodder to the host plan (82.7%) were higher than Alborz and Qom species. The highest percentage of weed conection of the dodder to the sugar beet was observed in the treat that cultivation distance of 5 cm. Application of Propisamide 2.5 L.ha-1 and Propisamide 1.5 L.ha-1 + Ethofumesate 1 L.ha-1 in connecting the dodder to the host, compared to Ethofumesate could control of dodder weeds (100%) and reduction of fresh and dry weights, density and chlorophyll of thin and broad leaveas weed and increased leaf chlorophyll and yield of sugar beet in green house condition. Therefore, the application of these treatments can be used in the control of parasitic, thin and broad leaves weed of sugar beet and application Propisamide 1.5 L.ha-1 + Ethofumesate 1 L.ha-1 in connecting the dodder to the host, can be considered in addition to the mentioned effects and in reducing the environmental effects of the use of chemical herbicides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Effect of Rimsulfuron, Imazapic and Imazamox Herbicides on Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)
E. Kazerooni Monfared S. Tokasi M. Banayan Aval A. Ghanbari H. Rahimiyan Mashhadi P.N. Kudsk

Experiments, in Petri dish and greenhouse, were carried out to investigate the efficiency of three herbicides (rimsulfuron, imazapic and imazamox) in controling broomrape. In Petri dish study, herbicides were applied at 0.05, 0.25, 1.25, 6.25 and 31.25 micro-mole doses More

Experiments, in Petri dish and greenhouse, were carried out to investigate the efficiency of three herbicides (rimsulfuron, imazapic and imazamox) in controling broomrape. In Petri dish study, herbicides were applied at 0.05, 0.25, 1.25, 6.25 and 31.25 micro-mole doses to broomrape seeds at germination stage without a host plant and adding GR24 as stimulator. In the greenhouse experiments, the efficiency of these herbicides to control broomrape in two varieties of tomato (Viva and Hyb.Petopride II) was investigated. Treatments were four doses of rimsulfuron (25, 50, 75 and 100 g ai/ha), imazapic (5, 10, 15 and 20 g ai/ha) and imazamox (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g ai/ha) at one, two and three applications. Results of Petri-dish experiments showed that rimsulfuron and imazapic significantly reduced radicle elongation of seedlings as compared to the control, while, imazamox did not have any effect on broomrape seed. Each dose was applied for one, two and three times with in 15, 29 and 43 days after within transplanting tomato seedlings. Results of pot experiments indicated that the responses of two tomato varieties herbicides were different. Viva was responsive to herbicidal effect and produced higher biomass than Hyb.Petopride II. Rimsulfuron was a suitable herbicide in tomato to control broomrape. Rimsulfuron at doses of 25, 50 and 75 g ai/ha (three times of application) were the best doses, specially in viva were the best treatments for broomrape control and producing tomato biomass. Imazapic also, at 5 g ai/ha (two times of application) and 10 g ai/ha (single application) was an effective treatments in variety of viva. Imazamox treatments did not appear to be suitable herbicides in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Impact of Rosa persica Controlling Methods on Species Richness and Diversity in Steppe Vegetation, Arak, Iran
Hamidreza Mirdavoudi Zia Azdoo

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The effect of cultivation and the time of Nitrogen application on yield and weed control in Solanum tubersum var. santeh
manijeh shamsi shahab khaghani sanam safaei chaei kar Mohammad Ali Moshayedi Zahra Rafiei Karahroodi محمود اسلامپور

Weeds are one of the main problems in most agricultural ecosystems such as potato. To evaluate the effects of cultivation and the time of Nitrogen application on potato weeds and tuber yield, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot based on randomized comp More

Weeds are one of the main problems in most agricultural ecosystems such as potato. To evaluate the effects of cultivation and the time of Nitrogen application on potato weeds and tuber yield, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications at Research Fields of Islamic Azad University, Arak, during 2012-13. Treatments include cultivation (non-cultivation, a week after emergence such as once applied cultivation and one and four week after emergence such as twice applied cultivation) as the main plot along with the time of Nitrogen (urea 300 kg/ha) application (once application at the beginning of the season, split and using at the end of the season) as the sub plot. The results showed that cultivation treatment along with Nitrogen application had a significant effects on tuber yield and weeds density, so that once applied cultivation along with Nitrogen application at the beginning of the season led to reduction of weed density and increasing tuber yield by 15.21% and help to non-chemical control of weeds in stable agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Mechanical weed control of corn with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide
arash roozbehani

To evaluate the effect of mechanical weed control on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide an experiment was conducted as split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications in 2008 at Agric More

To evaluate the effect of mechanical weed control on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide an experiment was conducted as split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications in 2008 at Agricultural Research Station in Karaj region. Treatments were; Mechanical weed control (No applying of cultivator or controlled, one time applying of cultivator at 4 week after planting and two times applying of cultivator at 4 and 6 weeks after planting) as the main plot, and combination doses of atrazine and alachlor mixture (0% or  controlled, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as the sub plot. The results showed that the effect of all treatments on all traits were significant. Means comparison showed that among different treatment levels; two times applying of cultivator at 4 and 6 weeks after planting and combination doses of atrazine and alachlor’s mixture (75%, and 100%) were superior than the other treatments and cause to decrease weed biomass and to increase yield and yield components of corn.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Comparing the Efficacy of Two Copper Fungicides in Controlling Peach Leaf Curl Disease
Zohreh Jahani Hossein Abadi Mahdi Mohammadi Moghadam Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab Hamid Namvar Hamzanlue Majid Aldaghi Hossein Khabbaz-Jolfaee

Peach leaf curl disease, caused by Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., is one of the most serious peach diseases, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to crops across Iran each year. In current study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Badge®WG280 and Barzidox®WP85 More

Peach leaf curl disease, caused by Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., is one of the most serious peach diseases, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to crops across Iran each year. In current study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Badge®WG280 and Barzidox®WP85%, was evaluated in controlling peach leaf curl disease. The experiment was conducted in Golestan, Semnan and North Khorasan using a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and four replications. Treatments included 0.75, 1, and 1.2 ml l-1 of Badge®WG280 (copper hydroxid+copper oxychloride), 2, 4, and 6 g.l-1 of Barzidox®WP85% (copperoxychloride), 2.5 ml l-1 of Nordox®WG75% (copperoxide(, 3 g l-1 of Captan, and controls (with and without water spraying). Treatments were applied at three physiological stages (the first in autumn after the leaves had fallen, the second at the end of March before the bud had swollen, and the third after the petals had dropped). Disease incidence and severity percentage were determined. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the mean disease severity and incidence percentages. The results showed that 6g l-1 of Barzidox® had the highest efficacy in reducing disease severity compared to the control in Golestan and Semnan provinces, with 81% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, the best performance of two indicator fungicides, Nordox® and Captan were 73% and 72% in Golestan province and 67% and 68%, in Semnan province, respectively. According to the results, it is concluded that 1.2ml.l-1 of Badge® and 4g.l-1 of Barzidox® have the best efficiency in controlling the peach leaf curl disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Evaluation of urea starter fertilizer effects on weed interference in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation
Afshin Sajjadi Mojtaba Ahmadi1 Mohammad Barzali Nabiollah Nemati

A filed experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea starter fertilizer and post emergence herbicide effects on weed interference in early season cotton production and some agronomic traits of cotton plants in Gorgan region (northeast Iran) in 2008. Experim More

A filed experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea starter fertilizer and post emergence herbicide effects on weed interference in early season cotton production and some agronomic traits of cotton plants in Gorgan region (northeast Iran) in 2008. Experiment  was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was weed management at four levels including early post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in early cotton growth, late post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in 15-20 cm cotton plant height period, early hand weeding and late hand weeding in cotton growth season, and four levels of starter fertilizer as the second factor were 0, 50, 100 and 150 percent of recommended dosage of urea starter fertilizer (175 kg.ha-1), respectively. Planted cotton cultivar was Siokra, one of commercial verities in Golestan province. Late hand weeding and late herbicide application resulted in the highest amounts of whole weed biomass 10 day after weed control (W1) and a month after weed control (W2).  Increasing urea starter fertilizer level increased weed biomass 10 day after weed control, but decreased it a month after weed control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Assessment of barley seeds chemical treatments with some conventional fungicides on barley strip controlling
Soleiman Jamshidi Ahmad Ghaffari Mohammad Sadeghzadeh Mehdi Mianaji

In order to evaluation of conventional fungicides effect on barley strip disease controlling, infected barley seeds of PropStar variety were collected from Achachy region barley fields located in Miyaneh, Iran and their infection percentage has been determined about 72% More

In order to evaluation of conventional fungicides effect on barley strip disease controlling, infected barley seeds of PropStar variety were collected from Achachy region barley fields located in Miyaneh, Iran and their infection percentage has been determined about 72% by culture plate test method. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions for evaluation of 0.5, 1 and 2 % of Carboxin 75WP, Carboxin-tiram 75WP, Tilt 250EC, Carbendazim 60WP, Rovral-TS 52.5WP, Benomyl 50WP, Diniconazole 2WP, Difenoconazol 3DS, Maneb 80WP and Mancozeb 80WP on seed viability, as completely randomized design with 4 replications. The results revealed that all treatments didn’t have significant difference with control rather than Tilt and 2% of Carboxin-tiram. Another experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with 3 replications in field condition. After seed treatments with recommended doses of above fungicides, 100 seeds was sown in a 10 m rows with 1 cm intervals in each plot. Plant infection percentages were calculated and analysis of variance and mean comporisons with Duncan’s multiple range test in 5% probability showed that Benomyl and Carbendazim had no effect on disease controlling. Also, other fungicides had significant difference with control and all of them can be recommended for field applications. However the most effective fungicides were Rovral-TS and Mancozeb and Maneb and Difeniconazole had the least effect on the disease, statistically. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The effect of thermal and chemical treatment on seed-born inoculum of Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of barley strip disease in greenhouse
Soleiman Jamshidi Mehrdad Abdi Ali Faramarzi

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield loss More

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is monocycle and seed-born and the fungus survives as mycelium in the hull,   pericarp and seed coat. Therefore,  the best way for disease controlling  is the eradication of seed born inoculum by different methods. In order to evaluate the effect of various thermal  and chemical  treatments on disease  control,  infected   seeds were  collected   from diseased  barley  fields  with  Prop star cultivar  and the infection   percent  was defined  approximately   89.5% with "Culture  plate test"  method. Thermal  treatments consisting  of  tennothcrapy  during  5  and  I 0 minutes  in  52 oC warm  water and chemical  treatments  with Carboxin-Tiram,   lrnazalil,  Mancozeb, Tilt and Maneb were applied.  Infected  seeds treated  with lap water were  considered  as  control  and  the project ran  in  completely  randomized  design.  For each  treatment,  20 treated seeds were sawed in three replications  in pots.  60 days after planting, the effects of various treatments on fungus seed-born inoculum and seed viability were studied by evaluation  of infected plant  percentage. The thermal  treatments were recognized to be unsuitable for seed disinfection   because of extraordinary and over than 50% effects  on seed viability   and low  effect  of disease control. Among chemical  treatments, lmazalil was the best  for disease  control and other treatments had significant  difference  with it. But there were no significant  differences  between  the  other  fungicides.  But application  of  Tilt  is  not  advisable  because  its significant effect on seed viability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Effect of several herbicides on weeds control, yield and yield components of three corn cultivars in Poldokhtar region, Iran
Ali Valipour Masoud Rafiee

10.22034/aej.2018.544651

To study the effect of herbicides on weeds control and yield and yield components of three corn cultivars,  an experiment was conducted in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The herbicides included Eradican, Erad More

To study the effect of herbicides on weeds control and yield and yield components of three corn cultivars,  an experiment was conducted in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The herbicides included Eradican, Eradican + 2,4-D, and Laso + 2,4-D assigned in main plots and maize cultivars included SC604, SC700, and SC647 SC were placed in in subplots. The effect of herbicide on dry weight of weed characteristics was significant. The lowest weed dry weight per square meter was obtained from the treatment of Laso + 2,4-D. In comparison to other herbicide, this herbicide also had more efficiency in weeds control.  Grain yield, ear length and ear diameter were also influenced by herbicide. The effect of cultivar on 1000-grain weight was meaningful and SC647 had higher production capacity compared to other cultivars. The highest yield of corn was obtained from combination treatment of post-emergence of Laso and 2,4-D. Therefore, it is recommended to use this treatment because of the effective control of weeds, especially in the early period of corn growth, which has little competitive ability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Iinsecticidal activity of tarragon essential oils and chemical pesticides reduced doses integration against green peach aphid
Payam Mianaji Soleiman Jamshidi Hassan Nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2019.665304

Green peach aphid is one of the most important pests of various agricultural products.

Green peach aphid is one of the most important pests of various agricultural products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The effect of microbial and chemical pesticides on different instars larvae of Colorado potato beetle in laboratory conditions
Shirin Mohammadzadeh Akbar Ghassemi-Kahrizeh

10.22034/aej.2018.539455

In this study, the susceptibility of different larval instars of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata to Biobit containing Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis Ber., as microbial and imidacloprid  as novel chemicals and ph More

In this study, the susceptibility of different larval instars of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata to Biobit containing Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis Ber., as microbial and imidacloprid  as novel chemicals and phosalone as conventional insecticides was investigated in laboratory conditions. Colorado potato beetles were propagated on potato leaves planted in pots and their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th larval instars’ susceptibility was determined by bioassay test. LC50 values of Biobit for L1, L2, L3 and L4 were defined as 252, 613, 1731 and 3006 ppm after 144 hours, respectively. Also, LC50 values for imidacloprid and phosalone after 72 hours were 17.58, 41.35, 56.76 and 81.27 ppm and 447, 698, 1020 and 1297 ppm, respectively. Older insect larvae were more resistant to microbial and chemical treatments.  Also, Colorado potato beetle was more susceptible to imidacloprid then phosalone and Biobit. Manuscript profile

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