-
Open Access Article
1 - investingating the impect of Americas middle east policy in trump era on the process and structure of alliance and coalitions in the middle East
shahriar bayanThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era MoreThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The U.S Foreign Policy against Iran during the Presidency of Obama and Trump (Based on Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism and Walitz's Defensive Realism)
Hasan Abediny koshkuieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz GoodarziThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with re MoreThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with respect to the systematic review of Obama's and Trump's behavior based on defensive and offensive realism. The U.S foreign policy would be explained based on its security approach to Iran's nuclear activities and regional behaviors involving components such as the character of Arabic-Hebraic lobbies and cabinet members. Obama's foreign policy against Iran relying on the approach of interaction and pressure (intelligent power) was successful whereas Trump's foreign policy failed with respect to its offensive nature and the gap among western countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that both of the presidents attempted to challenge the Islamic Republic of Iran's interests by creating political and economic crises and military threats in internal and external aspects. Obama could restrain Iran's nuclear activities by reaching a nuclear agreement but Trump by withdrawing the nuclear deal, not only could not sustain Obama's achievements but also almost failed to restrain Iran to provide the U.S national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Nitro Zeus, a confrontation between America's international policies and the Islamic Republic's sovereignty model after a half century of challenge
reza jalali ali akbar amini amirhossein zarei mahmod abadiThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results i MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results indicated that a military confrontation with the Islamic Republic of Iran is extremely strenuous and costly, and the United States know it for sure that the abandonment of sovereignty in Iran is impossible even with a nuclear attack by them, unless it is accompanied by people and physical presence on Iran's soil. Iranians have unique identities, as they become united in difficulty, and no alternative can be envisaged for this unique historical sovereignty coalesced with Islamism, Iranianism together with their ethnic and racial identity in Iran. The only way is to accept the absolute sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of absolute Guardianship of Islamic Jurist; that is, both parties, particularly the United States, should live up to international rules and treaties, which in turn leads to a constructive and mutual interaction between both parties in the long run. Inclusive confrontation with Iran, ranging from nuclear attack to Nitro Zeus, no matter how strong they are, are not sufficient for an encounter with Iran. And, since there is no alternative to this model of sovereignty given the complex and multilayered identity of Iranian culture, it is evident that compliance with the new global order and embracing Iran is the only solution for putting an end to this challenge from the last half century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparing the Role of Obama and Trump in the US Foreign Policy Approach to the International System
Mohammadreza Jalali Barenji Bahram Yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi hamed Ameri ZGholstaniThis article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking MoreThis article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking, nationalism or protectionism, and opposition to the promotion of democracy in the world, in this framework, power-oriented becomes important in American foreign policy. This article is responsible for answering the question, what was the foreign policy approach of the United States of America in restraining the great powers during the presidency of Obama and Trump? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that what differentiates presidents from each other is only in relation to their management methods and priorities and their perception of the quality of the US foreign policy approach to the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Bush and Trump's Inspirational Pattern in Building Nation and Promoting Democracy
Alireza Mashoori Rouhollah Shahabi Bahram Yousefi Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emer More Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emerged in the Bush administration with the idea of regime change in Iraq. The United States has a global mission to promote American values and democracy. This global mission in the Bush administration was interventionist and militaristic. But Trump believes America's position internationally weakened and that the domestic situation is unfavorable. Trump sees the situation as a result of foreign intervention. Trump seeks to change US policies to return to his former position, the changes that Trump's Strauss supporters compare with regime change. Bush seeks interventionism, but Trump uses modeling to promote America to a stance as an example to be emulated. [1] . PhD student, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, alirezamashoori@gmail.com [2] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Corresponding Author, shahabi89@hotmail.com [3] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, brmyousefi@gmail.com [4] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, drfereydoun.akbarzadeh@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An examination of Donald Trump's foreign policy with an emphasis on the hegemony of the liberal world order
sara falahi Nosrat HeidariDonald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election in the shadow of domestic and foreign slogans and deconstruction led many tentat government officials to discard foreign policy as a radical break with the discourse governing the foreign policy of its predecessor MoreDonald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election in the shadow of domestic and foreign slogans and deconstruction led many tentat government officials to discard foreign policy as a radical break with the discourse governing the foreign policy of its predecessors and the end Hegemony of the world order of liberalism. In order to study and analyze the above claim, the present study examines and analyzes Donald Trump's foreign policy. In this regard, the present research seeks to answer the fundamental question that Tramp's approach to the liberal world order How is foreign policy? In response to the above question, this hypothesis is argued that the foreign policy of Tramp with its predecessors is not material and intrinsic. Therefore, like other US presidents, who, from the Second World War, sought to maintain and strengthen the hegemony of liberal order, the following political strategy - First American security is not only seeking to undermine this order but also to create a new international liberal order with new ways, including breaking the current commitments of the United States by replacing new obligations. Given that research This is a qualitative research. Therefore, its research methodology is descriptive-analytic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Donald Trump Foreign Policy Survey in the Middle East (Objectives and Interests)
saeed jahangiri Alireza Azghandi naser garusiThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's MoreThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's declared policy on the Middle East and the challenges it faces. The main question of the article is that what is the foreign policy of Tramp in the Middle East based on? In response to the hypothesis of the article, there are several factors involved in US decision-making and foreign policy, and Donald Trump's government, in pursuit of the goals of the United States and its government, contrary to its propaganda slogans and its opposition to policies The former president, as well as the decisive factors such as the pressure of the Zionist lobbies, Saudi Arabia dollars and other factors, have withdrawn from their declarations and inevitably forced them to follow the policies of the past (in the Middle East) And even seeks to increase tensions in the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East
Abdolreza Yousefi Mianji Hossein daheshiar Nozar shafiee Rahmat HajiminehTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign polic MoreTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign policy in the Middle East? In response to this question, various factors of US foreign policy in the Middle East have been examined. The research findings show that the theory of aggressive realism, while fundamental-theoretical in nature, has a practical nature. This theory has given a good answer to the behavior of the actors of the international system. According to the study, Trump's foreign policy seeks to maintain its position in the region and prevent the emergence of a regional hegemon that could destabilize the balance of power and challenge US hegemony in the world. This study is theoretical-fundamental and has been done by descriptive-analytical method and library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Trump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policy
azadeh olfati fereshteh bahramipoorTrump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policyAbstractPreserving the existence and security of Israel as a strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East has long been one of the main commitments of US presidents (both Republicans and MoreTrump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policyAbstractPreserving the existence and security of Israel as a strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East has long been one of the main commitments of US presidents (both Republicans and Democrats). Has made an impact.The main question of the present study is what effect has Trump's Middle East policy had on Israel's regional policy?The hypothesis underlying the descriptive-analytical approach in the context of the Copenhagen Regional Security Theory is that the US Middle East policy in the Trump administration has made Israel's regional policy more aggressive. Finally, the study concludes that Trump's Middle East policy of emphasizing radical support for Israel has made Israel's regional policy more aggressive than that of Iran, Syria, and Palestine, resulting in further tensions in the region.Keywords: Trump, Middle East, Regional Security Collection, IsraelKeywords: Trump, Middle East, Regional Security Collection, Israe Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Studying Donald Trump's Foreign Policy from the Perspective of the Rational Actor Model
Mahdi Mohammad Nia Masoomeh Papi Rashid RecabianAmong the various decision-making models, the Rational Actor Model, which is based on cost-benefit logic, provides a good framework for better understanding Trump's foreign policy behaviors that can be considered by the country's decision makers.The main premise of the MoreAmong the various decision-making models, the Rational Actor Model, which is based on cost-benefit logic, provides a good framework for better understanding Trump's foreign policy behaviors that can be considered by the country's decision makers.The main premise of the rational model of decision-making is the economically rational human being who tries to choose the most desirable way to achieve the goal by following the cost-benefit logic. The main question of the research is "How can Donald Trump's foreign policy in withdrawing from international agreements and his approach to the issue of international security be analyzed in a theoretical framework?" In response to this question, the hypothesis has been put forward: "Trump's foreign policy behaviors in withdrawing from international agreements and his economy-oriented approach to the issue of international security can be explained based on the rational model of decision-making and profit maximization." In this regard, Trump's “America First” slogan, is a good example of utilitarianism in his foreign policy. This paper applies descriptive-analytical method to explain the American foreign policy from the perspective of the rational actor model. The data collection has been in the form of libraries, scientific journals and the use of reputable Internet sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of the Corona crisis in the United States with emphasis on the crisis of legitimacy of the Donald Trump administration
sayed ghasem zamani Ali MohammaddoustThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did MoreThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did not materialize in practice and led to protests from a wide range of people, giving him a broad functional legitimacy for Trump and the neoconservative administration. In this article, the authors attempt to answer the question: what impact the Corona crisis has had on the functioning and legitimacy of the Trump administration, and what is the possible future for the US socio-political system? The authors' hypothesis in this article indicates the intensification of the Trump administration's crisis of legitimacy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in this country, and the findings of the article show that the use of written descriptive and analytical methods, the use of written and library resources indicate the possible occurrence of three It will be a major consequence for Trump. First; Defeat in the upcoming US presidential election; Second, the deepening of bipolarity in the United States and, ultimately, the emergence of security crises in the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Personality Tests and Analysis of Donald Trump's Personality: Psycho-Political outlook
علی اشرف نظری Amir Mollai MozaffariDonald Trump is one of the political figures whose understanding of the nature of his thinking and behavior has attracted the attention of psychologists more than any previous president of the United States of America, because he shows high levels of mobility and excite MoreDonald Trump is one of the political figures whose understanding of the nature of his thinking and behavior has attracted the attention of psychologists more than any previous president of the United States of America, because he shows high levels of mobility and excitement. Thus, many psychologists have attempted in their numerous articles and interviews to analyze the behavior and words of Trump based on various personality tests. This article attempts to highlight the similarities and differences in the findings of the most reliable diagnoses and study the intellectual and psychological structure of Donald Trump. The main question here is concerned with the nature of Donald Trump’s character and how his behavior can be understood, analyzed and predicted. To this end, Trump’s character has been studied through the lenses of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, DSM-4’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria, The Big Five Model, and the six-dimensional HEXACO Model. Examining and evaluating the results of various psychological tests and analyzing Trump's personality can lead to a deeper understanding of political behaviors and actions and the possibility of predicting his actions during his term in the presidential office.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Personality of Donald Trump and its Impact on US Foreign Policy towards JCPA (Based on Ennagram Theory)
Hasan Adediny Koshkoueieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz GoodarziUS foreign policy toward Iran during Donald Trump's presidency began with misread of the nuclear deal, and then withdrew from the JCPA in 8102 to reach a better agreement, violating UN statement 8820 .finally, by unilaterally reinstating sanctions against Iran, as well MoreUS foreign policy toward Iran during Donald Trump's presidency began with misread of the nuclear deal, and then withdrew from the JCPA in 8102 to reach a better agreement, violating UN statement 8820 .finally, by unilaterally reinstating sanctions against Iran, as well as creating preconditions for renegotiation, it pressured other members of the JCPA to withdraw from the agreement.The Trump government chose a win-lose policy over a win-win policy, using the option of maximum pressure and the tools of power instead of diplomatic and peaceful methods. The goal of the Trump administration in reaching a new agreement was a better agreement in the name of its own government with the IslamicRepublic of Iran, which was more influenced by his character than the national interests of the United States. He sought to destroy all the gains of the previous Democratic administration, both internally and externally, by populist rhetoric, corrupting the ruling elites and the American structure. In this article, by analyzing the personality of the US President based on Anagram theory, an attempt has been made to this question is answered how much Trump's personality has caused the US government to pursue its policies towards Iran with an aggressive approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Comparative Analysis of American Policy Towards International System: With emphasis on presidents Obama and Trump
Mohammad Reza Jalali bahram yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi Hamed Ameri GolestaniThis article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and MoreThis article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and how influential they were? In answering this question, therefore, the hypothesis of the article is:" given the deciding role of presidents in American foreign policy making; and also the difference in terms of thought and outlook bye the two presidents, the " individual" variable has had a great influence on America's approach to international system. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which the "individual" factor influences the US approach to the international system and the scientific and realistic knowledge of Obama and Trump's personality traits and their impact on US foreign policy and the US approach to the international system. Based on the findings of the article, it can be said that the role and influence of individual variables in the foreign policy of this country has been high at this time; So that their foreign policy was due to the fact that they were two different and somewhat contradictory personalities, which originated mainly from their individual characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The impacts of Donald Trump's policies on the fulfillment of the American Dream in international system
Mohammadreza Asl Javadian Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin Seyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahSince Donald Trump took office as US president, the American foreign policy experienced a new era and the discourse approach chosen by the US government, according to some pundits, challenged the foundations and structures the US foreign policy had built as a hegemon in MoreSince Donald Trump took office as US president, the American foreign policy experienced a new era and the discourse approach chosen by the US government, according to some pundits, challenged the foundations and structures the US foreign policy had built as a hegemon in the world. This paper tries to explain the repercussions of the Trump administration's measures on the "American Dream" at the global level through an explanatory formative method. The question of the paper focuses on the impacts of Donald Trump's policies on the fulfillment of the "American Dream" in international system. It is hypothesized that by disregarding the multi-polar order which governs the international relations and also the US withdrawal from international treaties and obligations, the "American Dream" is weekend and has diminished US position in the international system. The results show the Trump administration in the dimensions of multilateralism include; Abandoning international law and establishing unilateralism, NAFTA reform, withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, Trans-Pacific Partnership, and JCPA, review of coalitions, alliances and military commitments, disregard for liberal economic values, review of security commitments India and the Pacific, etc., undermined the American dream. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Rouhani Foreign Policy and International Crisis Management (JCPOA and U.S Domestic Factors )
عیسی کاملی Garineh keshishyan Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammadkazem Sajjadpour -
Open Access Article
17 - The Role of Obama and Trump's Foreign Policy on International System Structure
Yosef Shahmohammadi Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammad Reza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
18 - The Dialectics of Globalization and the Rise of Populism: Selected Issues in Perspective
Oluwatobi Aje Yildom Dungse Felix Chidozie -
Open Access Article
19 - The Verbal Strategy of the United States in the Process of Securing Iran's Nuclear Program (2001-2021)
Morteza Alikhani Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin Mohammadreza Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
20 - A Comparative Study on the Obama and Trump Administrations’ Foreign Policy Approaches
Saeid Khosravi Zahra Emami -
Open Access Article
21 - American Policy in Persian Gulf Region: Continuity or Change at the Trump Era
Parvin Neginraz -
Open Access Article
22 - The Strategies for Realizing the Strategy of Unilateralism in the US Foreign Policy in the Trump Era
Mohammadreza Asl Javadian Seyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries MoreWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries, joining regional alliances and coalitions, interacting with international institutions and organizations as the axes of multilateralism and avoiding alliances and coalitions, pessimism towards organizations and international institutions and ignoring issues such as America's role in promoting human rights and democracy are considered as axes of unilateralism. However, the changes that have taken place in the foreign policy of the Trump era have indicated a tendency towards unilateralism and paying more attention to the national and domestic interests of the United States. Based on this, this article raises the question that which solutions influenced unilateralism as one of the strategies of the Trump administration. In other words, what are the solutions to realize the unilateralist strategy of the United States of America in the Trump era? The hypothesis of the article is: Isolationism instead of interactionism, pessimism and non-cooperation with regional and global institutions and organizations, and the pursuit of America first policy and the priority of America's national and economic interests over the costs of this country, are the solutions to realize the unilateralism strategy in the Trump era. The findings of the article show that based on the approach of realism, Trump, by withdrawing from regional and global agreements, put the government's sovereignty at the top of the globalized order, defend the American identity, emphasize national interests, cost Considering America's support for democracy and human rights and reducing America's military role in the world and military and commercial alliances, it has supported the approach of unilateralism through increasing the internal power of the United States of America. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Impact of the 2020 US Election on Changing the Position of US Soft Power in the World
منصوره صادفی Mostafa Entezari -
Open Access Article
24 - The reasons of the US withdrawal from JCPOA based on the Neoclassical Realism Perspective
akram salehi mohammadreza dehshiri Rahmat HajiminiehJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one of the important legal and international events in the international relations history. This international agreement, result of two years formal and intensive negotiations, was signed between Iran and 5+1 countries, in V MoreJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one of the important legal and international events in the international relations history. This international agreement, result of two years formal and intensive negotiations, was signed between Iran and 5+1 countries, in Vienna. Following the signing of this document, the Security Council resolution 2231 legislated. According to this resolution, previous Security Council sanctions have been canceled and JCPOA signatory countries were forced to implement the commitments which were inserted on it. However, it did not take long time that the new president of America, Donald Trump, revealed his incompatibility with Iran's multilateral international nuclear agreement. Finally, the United States government officially gets out of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Therefore, this study tries to answer this question that, what are the reasons of the US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action? In order to answer this question this hypothesis examined that the US withdrawal of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action can be examined in individual level: Trump characteristics, national: unilateralism approach from the “First America” doctrine and systemic: supporting regional allies and consolidate America's hegemonic position. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is library and internet. The use of neoclassical realism theory to examine the causes of America's exit of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action is the research innovation in the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing Trump's Behavior toward Iran Using a Causal Layered Analysis
Hassan Khodaverdi Aliasghar Ghaffari CheratiThe confrontation between Iran and the US on the political, military, economic and cultural issues has begun since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and has expanded over a wide range of geographical areas. As Donald Trump came to power, the confrontation be MoreThe confrontation between Iran and the US on the political, military, economic and cultural issues has begun since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and has expanded over a wide range of geographical areas. As Donald Trump came to power, the confrontation between the two countries entered a new phase. Using the "principled realism" approach and also the "Nixon's MadMan" Theory, Trump following the increasing weakening of Iran in various economic and political spheres and at all regional and international levels. Given Trump's personality traits, his analysis of Iran's behavior and approaches can paint a clear perspective for Iranian statesmen to advance national goals and Coping strategies against Trump's anti-Iranian approaches. In order to achieve this goal, the method of "Causal Layered Analysis" by examining the above problem can open a new space for the creation of bright future in front of the Iran. In order to design a smart and reciprocal move to achieve national interests, Iranian officials must have a good understanding of Trump's practical and proclaimed policies and approaches toward Iran. The most important tool to pursue these goals is to provide a rational face to the Iran with an emphasis on observing internationally accepted principles and rules, and most importantly adopting smart diplomacy while utilizing the components of hard power alongside the Communication Pattern of Soft power. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze Trump's behavior towards Iran based on a descriptive-analytical method and a Causal Layered Analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Trump's withdrawal from "JCPOA" and the inefficiency of UN Security Council
morteza nemati zargaranAbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the U MoreAbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the United States.The West has two general approaches to limiting Iran's nuclear capability: a peaceful solution or punitive measures and military action.US President Barack Obama has accepted a peaceful solution, which is in line with the UN Charter. This view emphasized multilateralism and the role of international organizations. Negotiations between Iran and the six world powers eventually led to the signing of a "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action " or "JCPOA" agreement. Under the agreement, Iran accepted extensive restrictions of its nuclear program, and instead lifted all UN sanctions, as well as unilateral US and European sanctions. Because the agreement was about international security, the same agreement was passed by the UN Security Council.Trump, the next president of the United States, called "JCPOA" against the national interest and unilaterally withdrew.The question is, what has the Security Council done to violate the UN Security Council? The hypothesis is that the violation of the UN Security Council by the United States is the most serious and clear example of the ineffectiveness of the Security Council in maintaining an agreement on the maintenance of international peace and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Pan-Americanism of Donald Trump and the growing black's deprivation in the United States; Consequences of racism on micro and macro levels
Abdolreza Alishahi Ali Mohammaddoust Zahra Khodayari AghmiounThe concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States MoreThe concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States, has faced special challenges with racism throughout its history. Blacks, who were considered complete subjugation of whites and slaves during the 17th and 19th centuries, were able to exercise some of their citizenship rights by repealing the law, but challenges between whites and blacks remain an unresolved dilemma. The US system has remained so much that at times, such a rift has turned into a social and even security crisis. In this article, the authors try to answer to this question: What were the most important actions of Trump against the blacks of this country? And what feedback has these actions had on his government's performance? The authors hypothesize that Trump's actions against blacks during his four-year presidency have led to an escalation of racist actions against them, which has provided important feedback to Trump in the name of the crisis of legitimacy. Feedback on this issue has also been reflected in cultural, social, political and economic issues. The method of the present article is to use the descriptive analytical method and the use of documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A comparative comparison of think tanks in Obama and Trump's decision-making towards Iran
Reza Haghshenas Gorgabi Hossein Ahmadi Mohammadali basiriThe think tanks of the United States have played a special role in the decision-making of American politicians. The main issue is what effect think tanks have on relations with Iran. This study examines the role of think tanks in US foreign policy decision-making toward MoreThe think tanks of the United States have played a special role in the decision-making of American politicians. The main issue is what effect think tanks have on relations with Iran. This study examines the role of think tanks in US foreign policy decision-making toward Iran during the Obama and Trump presidencies. The change in decision-making was due to the change of think tanks during the two presidents. What was the role of think tanks in the decision-making of Obama's and Trump's foreign policy apparatus towards the I.R.Iran? The think tanks with the intellectual and executive elites and the formulation of foreign policy and the design of various scenarios have focused on the decisions of the US foreign policy apparatus towards Iran during the Obama and Trump eras. Through negotiations, Obama signed JCPOA, which sought to reduce related sanctions. Trump left JCPOA. Obama agreed with JCPOA the negotiation scenario that originated from the think tanks and Trump with JCPOA with the scenario of pressure and sanctions of the think tanks. This change in scenario was due to the shift of think tanks from moderate to neoconservative and extremist. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of think tanks on the decisions of the US foreign policy apparatus and use it to adopt a counter-strategy against US policies towards Iran. using the Obama approved think tank comparison method, chose the negotiation approach and Trump chose sanctions and pressure. This research, analytical method and library tools have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Strategy of American Foreign Policy toward Fighting with Terrorism in Afghanistan
Aziz Abbasi Dehbokri abolghasem taheri Ahmad Saei abdolali GhavamAfter 11 September attacks, the United States tried to establish a coalition of battle with terrorism in Afghanistan because situation of main groups that the United States targeted, Al-Qaeda and Taliban, was in this country. The main purpose of this article is analysis MoreAfter 11 September attacks, the United States tried to establish a coalition of battle with terrorism in Afghanistan because situation of main groups that the United States targeted, Al-Qaeda and Taliban, was in this country. The main purpose of this article is analysis of American strategy in fighting terrorism in Afghanistan. The main question of this article is «what is the strategy of the United States toward fighting terrorism in Afghanistan»? The hypothesis of this is, «the main strategy of the United States in Afghanistan is Buck-passing and however, due to being failed state in Afghanistan, this strategy is failing». The finding shows that after the falling of Taliban’s state in 2001, the United States tried to buckpassed the responsibility of fighting of terrorism to others actors like NATO, I IS AF and finally Afghanistan’s state. Barack Obama’s strategy based on exiting of American forces from Afghanistan but Trump after negotiation with Taliban tries to concede this responsibility to these forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Principles and Consequences of the Trump Administration's Economic Nationalism Policy
Ali Sabbaghian Masoud FathipourWith the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emph MoreWith the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emphasizing "America First" in his inaugural address, Trump sought new governmental approaches that would free the American economy from long-term problems. For Trump, this was possible by changing macroeconomic approaches. The decision had several reasons and consequences that are the subject of this study. Therefore, the main question of the present study is on what principles was the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism based and what were the practical consequences? This article examines the hypothesis that the foundations of the Trump administration's economic nationalism stem from three elements: Trump's personality, Republican approaches, and external pressures, and its practical manifestation in the form of US withdrawal from international agreements or efforts to amend them, increase tariffs, and Support for domestic production has been evident. The research method used in this research is qualitative. Findings show that the implementation of the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism has led to a conflict between US hegemonic requirements and greater isolationism. Hence, the decision-makers of the American foreign policy apparatus in this period have tried to reconcile the nationalist and globalist views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States's foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Impact of the Foreign Policy of Trump Government on the Collective Security Mechanism
Mohammadreza Bigdeli Kabak KhabiriAbstract Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly a MoreAbstract Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly affects the function of the collective security model. Throughout history, the US as a supreme power has played an important role in weakening or strengthening the collective security model. Presidents of this country after World War II And based on Truman's doctrine with an internationalist approach, they have been able to define a specific role for the United States in the international security mechanism in their national security doctrine. The forty-fifth president of America Donald Trump, who has considered foreign policy, Has made a mistake In the perspective of the role played by the United States since 1945 with an internationalist approach before the Trump in the international system. America's foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which is rooted in nationalist views, by emphasis on national interests of the United States And with an economics-oriented approach As well as the impact of some of its institutionalized foreign policy features, including unilateralism, Intentionally or unintentionally weaken the collective security. Eventually, this trend intensifies because of the increasing self-sufficiency of governments Will lead to an increase in the anarchy of the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goal MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States’ foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Trump's Middle East Policy; A Case Study: the Syrian crisis and American missile attack
Amir sajediThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Co MoreThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Comprehensive Joint Action Program , the transfer of the US embassy to Jerusalem, all reflect his different foreign policy from its predecessor (Obama). This kind of Trump foreign policy is due to his unusual behavior and personality. Six years after the onset of the conflict in Syria with the ensuing stalemate we had slowly moved to a possibility of a negotiated settlement through discussions which were inconclusive but however ongoing. The unilateral missile attack order by President Trump on the Al-Shaeirat airbase, led the armed group opposing the Assad regime to show less desire to engage in peace discussion. Our main concern in this paper is to analysis the change of tactics by the new U.S. president and there cause thereof. We hold that the private lives of the politicians, their education, their political history, the formative experiences of their public life, their physical, and mental health affects their personal and public decisions. The changed positions of Trump and his ensuing policy show the desire of his administration to rest on the American military superiority and its will to renew the era of the US adventurism in hot spot such as the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A Survey on the Factors Affecting the Exit of the United States from the JCPOA
Mohsen Zamani Seyed Amir NiyakueiAbstract: The American effort to quit the nuclear deal, called JCPOA, was a program Donald Trump had been running since the US presidential election. Eventually, the US government officially announced and resumed sanctions and declared readiness to re-negotiate Iran's w MoreAbstract: The American effort to quit the nuclear deal, called JCPOA, was a program Donald Trump had been running since the US presidential election. Eventually, the US government officially announced and resumed sanctions and declared readiness to re-negotiate Iran's willingness. The main question of the present article is what factors have contributed to the departure of the United States. The hypothesis is as follows: the Trump Foreign Policy Foundations, the persistence of the threatening nature of Iran after the introduction of the common sense between the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia over the threat of Iran, its interpretation of the role of progress in strengthening the regional presence of Iran and the ignorance Considering this in the context of the internal and external implications, the post action of the Islamic Republic of Iran should be considered as one of the key variables in the decision of Donald Trump on the withdrawal JCPOA of the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigating the US government's strategy of presence in Eurasia during the Trump era
Mousa Shaeri Karimi Hossein karimifard Hamed Ameri Golestani Hamed MohagheghniaEurasia includes the two continents of Europe&Asia.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the current world order, which was previously unilaterally determined by the United States for years, has faced serious challenges with the rise of China.America MoreEurasia includes the two continents of Europe&Asia.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the current world order, which was previously unilaterally determined by the United States for years, has faced serious challenges with the rise of China.America has always been a powerful geopolitical actor in the region, which has been able to shape its relations with its partners considering its national interests.The policy of the Donald Trump administration towards Eurasia has been accompanied by an approach based on pure pragmatism.The interests of the US government in this region mainly include the problem of fighting terrorism, strengthening regional security and regional integration, energy and economicaspects,as well as the alternating restraint of two influential players inEurasia,China&Russia.In addition,the results of the research show that Trump failed to advance American policies in Eurasia because he could not find a strong arm for the United States.The reason for this failure can also be seen from the relative independence of Eurasian countries from world powers and from the other hand the geographical distance between America&Eurasia, because although Eurasian countries have maintained their independence from America and China, they paid more attention to China and Trump Giving them to America was not very successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Egoism in the US Foreign Policy over Trump’s Tenure; The Results and the Implications
vahid Noori Seyed Hassan Hosseini Abstract: Two years has passed since the day Trump took office; In the course of this period, Washington has shown a turbulent foreign policy. Every new decision on foreign policy along with withdrawal announcement by Trump’s administration astonishes the w More Abstract: Two years has passed since the day Trump took office; In the course of this period, Washington has shown a turbulent foreign policy. Every new decision on foreign policy along with withdrawal announcement by Trump’s administration astonishes the world. This process could be described by the term “Unforeseeable” due to its unconventionality. Therefore, this paper aim is to root out the fundamental cause. Then the main question is what are the leading factors in the U.S foreign policy under Trump administration? In response to the point of view, by using the theory of “continuity” and the findings of two personality-characterization studies, assessing foreign policy positions, analyzing how he interacts with foreign policy institutions and its internal developments, it is argued as a hypothesis that psychological traits of Trump has promoted the status of individual factor on other influential resources of American foreign policy, namely, systemic, bureaucratic, social and role factors. “Populist Authoritarianism”, “Narcissism”, "Revengefulness" and” disagreeableness” are the most prominent characteristics of Trump’s personality which lead U.S toward an Egoistic foreign policy. These individual characteristics of Trump outweighs the bureaucratic institutions of foreign policy, hence made the institutions completely in line with the views of the president. Challenging accompanied by withdrawing from international treaties and arrangements can be considered as result; To the extent that, according to some experts, the existing world order and its compounds are at stake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Change and continuity in America's Middle East policy in 2001-2017
Zahra Bagheri Hosein Daheshyar Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaei Mohammad Yousefi JooybariAbstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s view MoreAbstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s views show that he has a different approach in international arena compared with two former presidents, Georg W. Bosh and Barak Obama. While Georg W. Bush focused on US superpower aspect with emphasis on some elements such as Unilateralism, Pre-emptive attack and even changing the government in Middle East, Obama considered Multilateralism, enjoying smart power and usage of diplomacy as an important tool to maintain American leadership in the Middle East; but Trump practically has focused on disregarding of US responsibility by negation of main past approaches and among them says:” I am just the American president and no the leader of the world. There is a dominant and primary idea from the “first US” slogan that is return to its own borders and a kind of isolationism possibly. Therefore, the idea of the superiority of America can reflect in political and strategic pattern space of Donald Tramp. In this regard, it is considered the change and continuity of US policy in the Middle East based on Realistic approach. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024