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Open Access Article
1 - A Succinct Review of Judicial Settlement of the International Disputes
Hossein Sorayaii AzarThe path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first an MoreThe path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first and second Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907) was the dispute settlement discussions, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration is the fruit of these conferences . The Permanent Court of International Justice (1920)was the cornerstone of the judicial development of the International Law in the League of Nations system.Whilest the International Court of Justice(1945) was heraldic of modern era of legal theories in International Law ,in which the different mechanism of judicial settlement of disputes have been developed . Actually the judicial settlement of disputes between States is considered as the hub of world legal order and inter- States relations of different nature (e.g. commercial ,regional, environmental etc.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Critical Examination of the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence on the Uncertainty of the Mahreh Imamieh Jurisprudence
Hasan Gharavi Mohaddeseh Mehrabi Zadeh Mohsen FatahiMarriage in Islam as a divine covenant and woman as a pillar of this holy place has a fortune. The main throne was to consolidate love in the family and support for the woman. From the viewpoint of the jurisprudents of the Imams and Sunnis, the principle of Mahri has no MoreMarriage in Islam as a divine covenant and woman as a pillar of this holy place has a fortune. The main throne was to consolidate love in the family and support for the woman. From the viewpoint of the jurisprudents of the Imams and Sunnis, the principle of Mahri has no doubt that the main difference is in its quantity, with the vast majority of Shi'a jurisprudents having considered the abnormal feast. The mahria, which at first showed the male-female honesty, has become a problem for the family. Negative consequences of an abnormal mahria on the life of a person, family and society are not in doubt. Now, the question arises whether, according to the jurisprudential justification, the voidness of the abnormal feast can be proved? Thought on the basis of the jurisprudence of the Mahrei shows that the abnormal mahriyah is inappropriate and inappropriate for some reason, and some of its foundations are not compatible with the rules of jurisprudence. Therefore, it seems that the holy shrine is not indifferent to the amount of Mahri, and it considers some restrictions. The present study deals with documentary-librarianship methodology and descriptive-analytical approach as an arbitrator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Readout of the Subject and Sentences of Zalal Books
Ehsan Aliakbari Babookani Mohammadhasan haeri yazdi Mohammad tagi faklaeeThere are lots of disputes between Shiite Jurists on the subject and sentences of Zalal books. As far as the great Shiite jurists considered each other ideas misleading and unlawful. This thought cause preventing the publication of the others ideas and thoughts. This ar MoreThere are lots of disputes between Shiite Jurists on the subject and sentences of Zalal books. As far as the great Shiite jurists considered each other ideas misleading and unlawful. This thought cause preventing the publication of the others ideas and thoughts. This article is followed up with a detailed explanation of the issue to provide an approach that firstly: understand misleading and its affect according to the juristic bases and thoughts. Secondly: how to deal rational and logical with the affects of misleading books. And thirdly: opening the way for fresh ijtihads and ideas and prevent the introduction of Islam as a religion without reason and incapable of dealing with his opponents thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Settlement of environmental disputes from the world trade with the context of WTO settlement mechanism
Farhad Dabiri Ali Zare Mostafa Panahi Milad MalakpourEnvironmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international i MoreEnvironmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international instability and a threat topeace and international security. Concerning the importance of environmental issues and the fact thatthe system and the nature of environmental rights are based on precautionary and preventive bases, notthe redress methods as a subject of public international rights which has not much efficiency ininternational environmental rights; hence the competence and qualification of WTO’s DisputeSettlement System on encountering the environmental issues should be evaluated. In this research theimpact of international conflicts including the environmental issues and their impact on environmentalinternational rights development and the role of the environmental dispute settlement committees inWTO will be studied by the help of reviewing the library sources and in-house and externalprofessional essays. Moreover the efficiency of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System facing suchargument and its impact on environmental issues and rectification of the environmental loss will bestudy as well as the effect of advisory opinion of Trade and Environmental Committee, Unesco‘s planon jury’s or appellate decisions of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System via balancing resources furtherto comparing the out coming results with the desired criterion. End result of this study indicates whatapproaches and method are engaged in WTO’s Dispute Settlement System for argument resolutionand define the schedule and costs for resolving the environmental disputes, definitive sentences andadministrative mechanism of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Qur'an's view on taqiyyah and limiting corporal punishment by looking at narrations and hadiths
Fazlullah ranjbar kazem Ghazizadeh Mohammad Kazem Rahman SetayeshThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientifi MoreThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientific circles, which has also become a place of inquiry from the great authorities of imitation, is whether, despite the provision of corporal punishment, it is legally possible that according to the jurisprudential rule of "taqiyyah" at certain times Granted corporal punishment?The result of this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that according to the explicit and implicit meaning of Quranic verses and authentic narrations, taqiyyah is a jurisprudential rule. According to this rule, corporal punishment can be temporarily modified, changed or abolished if the integrity of the Islamic system and government is endangered. The purpose of taqiyyah is not always to save lives, to avoid danger and harm, but it can be considered the more important purpose of preserving religion and preventing its decline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Opposite Concept of Conditional Sentence, Description, Restriction and Goal from Syntax and Jurisprudence’s Viewpoint
Abdoljabbar Zargoosh NasabThe implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The m MoreThe implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The mentioned relation has been changed to another form followed by Arabic language division to other sciences such as syntax and created new relationship between syntax and jurisprudence. One of the common issues is the implication of sentence on opposite concept; opposite concept is the subjective implication of the sentence. A sentence which has been formed by syntactic devices or specific combination which sometimes implicit the opposite meaning with the verbal meaning that means opposite implication. Concept of opposite referent, limitation, condition, exception, goal or specific combination such as description. Jurisprudence scholars offer a type of deprive in division of term implication which title it opposition; it is of a vital importance in speaking about opposite values against linguistic systems. The present research studies various ideas and viewpoints about implication of a sentence on opposite meaning and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Viewes studing in creative and indicative sentences on thescholar of usul al-fikh
Abdol Jabbar ZarkooshiConection to creative and indicative sentences have abstracted to four view:first view;conventional of creative for complete batrelation.second view;both sentens have asimilar sense.thired view;conventional of both sentences are for appear of sensual affair.fourth view; MoreConection to creative and indicative sentences have abstracted to four view:first view;conventional of creative for complete batrelation.second view;both sentens have asimilar sense.thired view;conventional of both sentences are for appear of sensual affair.fourth view;to hold true batrelation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - An Investigation of the Effects of Alternative Sentences to Imprisonment for Financial Crimes; in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian Law Considering Other Countries’ Experiences
Effat BabaeiThe purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of alternative sentences to imprisonment in the case of financial crimes from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian law considering other countries’ experiences in this regard. The me MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of alternative sentences to imprisonment in the case of financial crimes from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian law considering other countries’ experiences in this regard. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that since Hadd (limitation) punishment also includes financial crimes, there is no possibility to change or mitigate the sentence. However, the exploration of jurisprudential rules relevant to changing Hadd to Ta’zir and/or exemption of imprisonment as a sort of Hadd show that turning the punishment can be executed for the first offenders in this field. The important principle in the criminal rights called the equality of punishments is also observed by this plan and thereby the worst blow is struck against the violator managers. A survey of the legal cases in other countries having executed the same plan confirmed the positive effects of this measure. Of course, it is emphasized that in case of crime repetition, the main sentence of imprisonment and/or even capital punishment must be executed for them as it is advised in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Therefore, it is suggested to the judiciary chiefs and lawmakers in the country to take necessary measures for the official acknowledgment of the above-mentioned plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The use of news and essay sentences using western vocabulary and creating themes In the poems of Mirzadeh Eshghi
Ali GhaempanahTajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh AskariSeyyed Mohammad Rezamirzadeh Eshghi, an Iranian poet, writer and journalist, was born in Hamedan in 1273 AH. He is one of the famous and passionate figures of the constitutional era in Iran. Emotion and music are inextricably linked in his poetry, and literary arts and MoreSeyyed Mohammad Rezamirzadeh Eshghi, an Iranian poet, writer and journalist, was born in Hamedan in 1273 AH. He is one of the famous and passionate figures of the constitutional era in Iran. Emotion and music are inextricably linked in his poetry, and literary arts and semantic sciences play a prominent role in his poetry. What is evident in Eshghi's poetry is the social aspect of his poetry in such a way that the socio-political content of his poems is connected with the life of contemporary people. In this research, the author is trying to evaluate and analyze all kinds of news and essay sentences using western words in love poems in a descriptive-analytical and library method. The results of the research show that Eshghi has criticized the social and political issues, the chaos of the country and the interference of foreigners in government affairs in his news and essays by using western vocabulary and by using imagery and creating themes, using the language of humor and irony. use poetic images in the service of his social and political ideals and express sharp political criticisms in the form of news and essays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparing the Life of Sadegh Hedayat and the Works of Sohrab Sepehri
Farhad TahmasebiDDOODDOO Manuscript profile -
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11 - Analysis Of The Allusion s Structur FromPoint of Linguistics
Ali Razzaghi Shani -
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12 - The Effect of Sentence Order Techniques on Learning Adverbs among Pre-intermediate Students
Bahman Gorjian Sarah Moradi -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Metalinguistic Clues on Iranian EFL Learners’ Accuracy of Writing Performance
Parisa Maeli Mahnaz Saedi -
Open Access Article
14 - Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi
masoomeh habibvand Mohammad Sadegh tafazzoliAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibiti MoreAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibition," by referring to the fifth book of Masnavi-e Ma'navi and Principles of the Meanings Science. Therefore, it shows these terms nature and manner in order to discover the secondary meanings of some verses in the mentioned work. The end of the rules and principles of the meaning science is not to inspect the literal meaning of the sentences, but to inspect the sentences' secondary meanings that can be expressed. In this science, sentences are divided into two categories: declarative and composite (Ensha'i). Declarative sentences are those having truth and falsehood qualities; however, composite sentences are those with no truth and falsehood qualities. According to the results of this research, Masnavi-e Molavi is a mystical and didactic book; therefore, Molana's extensive use of command and prohibition is obvious. We better understand the issue when we know that Molana's mind uses different methods to implant the ethical and mystical concepts into the audience's mind and conscience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - An attitude towards allusions and proverbs and rulings in Anwari's poems
Tahereh khabaziThe splendor and richness of the Dari language, which has reached a very high level of evolution over the centuries, depends on the sweet, pleasant and meaningful words and combinations, the combination of which in order and prose has created glorious literature and a l MoreThe splendor and richness of the Dari language, which has reached a very high level of evolution over the centuries, depends on the sweet, pleasant and meaningful words and combinations, the combination of which in order and prose has created glorious literature and a large part of them. It must be interpreted ironically. These allusions and idioms have gradually found their way into the treasury of Dari words in each era due to the special circumstances of that time and the developments that have taken place, and by entering a continuous and scattered context, have increased the volume of Persian language in terms of fertility and beauty. In Anvari's poems, many imaginary forms have been used. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the aesthetic aspects of Anvari's poems based on irony, and for that, many evidences of beautiful poems of this poet have been brought to use irony and proverbs. Presented in the sixth century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Comparative Analysis of Reading Comprehension Tests of Iranian Universities’ Entrance Examinations (UEE)
Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Niloufar Dadkhah -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluating the Success of the Visual Learners in Vocabulary Learning through Word List versus Sentence Making Approaches
Ghasem Tayebi sara marefat -
Open Access Article
18 - The function of Compound Sentences in Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi
zohreh Amani Esmat KhoeiniWithout a doubt, a large portion of the pleasant nature of Rumi’s work is related to his manner of expression and his method of diction. Rumi-researchers have often spoken of the allure of Rumi’s expression, yet many of the charming secrets of this language MoreWithout a doubt, a large portion of the pleasant nature of Rumi’s work is related to his manner of expression and his method of diction. Rumi-researchers have often spoken of the allure of Rumi’s expression, yet many of the charming secrets of this language still remain unknown; it seems there are no solutions in this field but the meticulous analysis and the detailed study of his way of writing. Therefore, the author of this essay was determined to understand the language of Rumi to the best of her abilities; for this reason, compound sentences were chosen from Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi so that by analyzing them she could gather more information about Rumi’s usage of different sentence types that has resulted in the coherence of his work.Because of the large volume of couplets in Masnavi, we chose about 1372 couplets from the first book and obtained substantial results by examining them. Based on the results, in Rumi’s Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi, compound sentences are used considerably more often than simple sentences, and among these sentences, ones that consist of one independent clause and one dependent clause are higher in frequency. In some of these compound sentences, Rumi removes conjunctions, giving the readers freedom to choose the appropriate conjunctions themselves and find the independent and dependent clauses based on that; or, in some compound-complex sentences, one clause can simultaneously be dependent and independent, meaning that depending on the clauses that come before and after it, its role changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Readability of Translation in Scientific Texts with Long Sentences: A Case of a Genetics Textbook
Naeime Naderi Ali Akbar Moeen Dr.Sima Sayadian More The issue of readability of long sentences has been remarkably noticed in the translation of scientific texts in the world. This subject also demands more attention in translation from English into Persian to solve the difficulty in comprehension of scientific texts in Iran. Accordingly, this quantitative corpus-based study tended to explore readability in scientific texts with long sentences. Hence, the readability of long sentences of a Genetics book in Medicine was compared against its Persian translation. Comparative stylistic model of Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) was used to explore the procedures which were employed in the translation of long sentences and influenced readability of the sentences. Moreover, Lix formula was employed to calculate the readability of long sentences in both source and target texts. The findings revealed that the most important factors in increasing the readability of the translation were as follows; splitting long sentences, changing phrases into clauses and nouns to verbs that decrease the ratio between the number of nouns and the number of verbs, and changing abstract concept words into concrete ones that are modulations. These findings suggest that long and difficult words need to be used less frequently and that passive sentences are to be changed into active ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Social rights of slaves in the Book of A Thousand Judgement
zahra hisseiniThe Book of A Thousand Judgement ( Mādayān ī hazār dādestān) is the main source of information of the Sassanid period, which also provides valuable material on the legal and social status of salves. The laws of this book shows that this collection was written for lawyer MoreThe Book of A Thousand Judgement ( Mādayān ī hazār dādestān) is the main source of information of the Sassanid period, which also provides valuable material on the legal and social status of salves. The laws of this book shows that this collection was written for lawyers, because don't provide no explanation for legel terms.But book provide important and unique information from civil society of Sassanid era. The main purpose of this article, review the sentences of slavery in the Book of A Thousand Judgement has been based on the analytical - historical method; The questions is this article: Has slavery been pre-Islamic in Iran? What are the laws for the slaves in this book of law? By examining the existing sentences, we found that slavery had existed in the Sassanid period in Iran; The issuance of sentences for legal matters of slaves expresses the protection and recognition of slave and slavery. Legislators have necessity the rights of slaves and the support of the slave is the duty of every slavery. Manuscript profile -
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21 - The Effect of Sentence-Writing Practice on Iranian low-intermediate EFL Learners’ L2 Grammatical Accuracy
Marzieh Rahmati Ramin Rahimy -
Open Access Article
22 - Acquisition of cleft structures in L1 and L2
Maryam Karami -
Open Access Article
23 - The Comprehension of Garden-Path Structures by Iranian EFL Learners
Zeinab Sadat Parpanchi -
Open Access Article
24 - تاثیر روش داربستی ژانر-محور بر روی نگارش مقالات تحقیقی زبان آموزان ایرانی
سارا صالح پور مهناز سعیدیدر سال های اخیر تحقیقات زیادی به بررسی آموزش نگارشی مبتنی برروش ژانر اختصاص داده شده است. با این وجود، استفاده از روش داربستی در زمینه نگارش آکادمیک توجه اندکی به خود جلب کرده است. از این رو، تحقیق حاضر در تلاشی برای مقابله با مشکلات رایج در نگارش آکادمیک، به بررسی  Moreدر سال های اخیر تحقیقات زیادی به بررسی آموزش نگارشی مبتنی برروش ژانر اختصاص داده شده است. با این وجود، استفاده از روش داربستی در زمینه نگارش آکادمیک توجه اندکی به خود جلب کرده است. از این رو، تحقیق حاضر در تلاشی برای مقابله با مشکلات رایج در نگارش آکادمیک، به بررسی تأتیر استفاده از روش داربستی مبتنی بر ژانر بوسیله آغازگر جمله ها و چارچوب های نگارشی بر عملکرد نگارشی دانشجویان فوق لیسانس آموزش زبان انگلیسی در حوزه مقاله نویسی می پردازد. برای این منظور 20 دانشجوی فوق لیسانس آموزش زبان انگلیسی به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه همگن آزمایش و کنترل که هر کدام شامل 10 نفر بودند قرار گرفتند. هر دو گروه یک دوره 5 جلسه ای آموزش نگارش به سبک ژانر شامل ساختارشکنی متن، ساخت وساز مشترک و ساخت و ساز مستقل متن بود را گذراندند. در حالیکه گروه آزمایشی، علتوه بر این از آغازگر جمله ها و چارچوب های نگارشی نیز بهره مند گردیدند. تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج با استفاده از آزمون مستقل تی نشان داد که آموزش نگارشی مبتنی بر سبک ژانر می تواند ابزار مفیدی در بهبود نگارش آکادمیک باشد. علاوه بر این، عملکرد بهتر گروه آزمایش نشانگر اتر مفید استفاده از روش داربستی توسط آغازگر جمله ها و چارچوب های نگارشی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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25 - barreirs to the implementation of panel verdicts in irans law and Islamic fiqh.
seyed ehsan jafaripanah baboli Hasan hajitabar firozjaei mehdi esmaeili -
Open Access Article
26 - Study of quesas of alive executed in contradiction with justice rule
ZahraSadat Sohrevardi Saeed Ebrahimi mohammad mahdi zareiStudy of quesas of alive executed in contradiction with justice rule Abstract In intentional system of Islam, surviving soul intention intention is one of basic intentions .where a respected soul is subject to abuse intention intentionally, quesas punishment MoreStudy of quesas of alive executed in contradiction with justice rule Abstract In intentional system of Islam, surviving soul intention intention is one of basic intentions .where a respected soul is subject to abuse intention intentionally, quesas punishment is considered. If quesas of murderer is execution with rope of gallows , and after enforcing quesas sentence , criminal be alived , should be executed again or enforcing sentence again necessitates a reason and haven't legal validity ? Writers believe in this case changing quesas to Diyyah is nearer to actual verdict and criminal justice of islam. This sentence additional to requirement of principle of innocence and the rule of Dare , is harmonized with primary rules of punishments . In addition to the requirement of the principle of innocence and the rule of law, this sentence is also in line with the basic rules governing punishments.Given the principle of justice, it is necessary to review and change the penal code of retribution in cases where the death penalty survives.What is in accordance with the criminal justice of Islam requires that the death penalty not be reinstated, in addition to the fact that justice governs the rule of employment or other rules that say that a person should be retaliated against again. Manuscript profile -
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27 - The Condition for the Spousal Alimony Abatement attached to Marriage Contract
Zohreh Hajian Foroshani Seyyed Abolghasem Naghibi One of the important works of marriage in Islamic law is the requirement for husband to give alimony to the spousal. If the husband make provision while the marriage contract for the spousal not to benefit from alimony or only to benefit f More One of the important works of marriage in Islamic law is the requirement for husband to give alimony to the spousal. If the husband make provision while the marriage contract for the spousal not to benefit from alimony or only to benefit from a part of it, the validity of such a condition is based on the fact that alimony is considered as an instance of right. Its abatement is also true for the future because only a right can be abated by the condition of the marriage contract that, its abatement is true regardless of the condition. In this paper, the issue of the condition for the alimony abatement of the spousal is studied sing the analytical-inferential method and collecting the required information in a library method and according to narratives, and since, like other deities, the property of the abatement potential and transfer through inheritance and reconciliation is true in the spousal alimony, it should be considered as right. Also, given that the abatement of the spousal alimony is true for all future time and the abatement condition is not contrary to the public rules, the alimony abatement condition of the spousal is valid during the marriage contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Jurisprudence Investigation of Insolence Behavior in Cyberspace
Mojtaba HosseinnezhadThe rapacity and insolencebehaviortaking place in virtual world has become a major and challenging issue in the present time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a possibility of insolence behavior in cyberspace and if it is possible to sentenc MoreThe rapacity and insolencebehaviortaking place in virtual world has become a major and challenging issue in the present time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a possibility of insolence behavior in cyberspace and if it is possible to sentence the same as insolent offender's crime in an authentic and non-virtual space, then how it can be legitimated in a cybercrime context, if considered possible. By reviewing the cases and reasons, it can be concluded that, first, even if all the requisites needed for the crime is accepted based on Fokaha's quotes, there will be no obstacle to accept the crime in virtual space. Second, insolence behavior in cyber space can be sentenced the same as insolence behavior in authentic and non-virtual context. Third, although the first presumption is related to the non-enforcement of judgments for rebels based on the principle of Dara, mitigation of punishment and presumption of innocence, it should be noted that the insolent offender who committed the crime through the use of virtual tools can be subjected to the punishment just like an offender in real and authentic environment as per to narratives and verses supporting the use of verity proposition by ascribing to the principle of Dara, mitigation of punishment and presumption of innocence. Manuscript profile -
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29 - The ruling on trade of Thesis from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law
Seyedeh Fateme Tabatabaee Faezeh SolaymaniporToday, the issue of buying and selling Thesis has spread consequences on the country's education system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to collect the opinions of contemporary Jurisconsult regarding the trade of the Thesis, its obligatory sen MoreToday, the issue of buying and selling Thesis has spread consequences on the country's education system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to collect the opinions of contemporary Jurisconsult regarding the trade of the Thesis, its obligatory sentence and its conditional Sentence, and its position in the subject law of Iran. In this article, by descriptive-analytical method, the results indicate that according to contemporary jurists, if according to the regulations, writing a Thesis is one of the duties of a student, it is not permissible to assign and write it for another and earning money from it. According to the verses and hadiths indicate the obligation to follow the law, the obligation of justice and fairness, the sanctity of donating sin, the sanctity of lying and the sanctity of wasting the rights of others, and the rational arguments of the obligation to maintain the system and the sanctity of disrupting it and fraud, Since it is one of the examples of transactions, therefore, the example of acquiring property is invalid, so it is also haram to seize the trade property and earn income. In Iranian law, the legislature criminalizes this under the heading of fraud Manuscript profile -
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30 - The Rule of Immortality and the Evolution of Time
Abedin Momeni Seyed Mohammad Sadri Ali PirdehiThis paper relates to the changeability of the verdict in some circumstances based on the three hypotheses; first, the judgment is unchangeable. The second assumption indicates that a ruling changes in the situations due to the change of subject or criterion. Third, the MoreThis paper relates to the changeability of the verdict in some circumstances based on the three hypotheses; first, the judgment is unchangeable. The second assumption indicates that a ruling changes in the situations due to the change of subject or criterion. Third, the sentence is fixed in some sections. In the present case, first, the interpretation of the change is incompatible with the rules of principle and the lyric. Secondly, the meaning of change presents an issue that has a ruler, with the preservation of all circumstances. The authors believe that the new verdict is not a change. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Contact between Persian and Turkish Azeri Languages and its Impact on the Composition of Azeri Compound Sentences.
Abdolhossein HeydariThe present study intends to study the syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on the Azerbaijani-Turkish compound sentences. The data were collected from authentic Turkish-Azerbaijani language sources and linguistic interactions of Azerbaijan MoreThe present study intends to study the syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on the Azerbaijani-Turkish compound sentences. The data were collected from authentic Turkish-Azerbaijani language sources and linguistic interactions of Azerbaijani-Turkish speakers in the central regions of Ardabil province (n = 30). Data analysis showed that non-verbal borrowing and Persian language articles have caused Azerbaijani-Turkish speakers to substitute their own language for two or more syntactic structures, patterns corresponding to similar and corresponding structures in Persian (right-sided complementary, analytical causative, syllable clause depending on initial article). Then, they have been selected and applied. The syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on Azerbaijani-Turkish are not unfamiliar to the language, but all of these syntactic constructions exist in Azerbaijani-Turkish, and their frequency of use has only increased with the use of allocation and extension strategies. The resulting syntactic changes, often for practical reasons, have been made in order to converge the Azerbaijani-Turkish language with the Persian language. Manuscript profile -
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32 - The Efficacy of the Deductive and Inductive Approaches in Teaching Information Structure (IS) of Non-Canonical Sentences and Its Effect on Iranian EFL Learners
Hamidreza Sheikhi Bahram Hadian Mehdi Vaez dalili -
Open Access Article
33 - مقایسه متون سیاسی ترجمه شده و اصل با تأکید بر فرضیه ساده سازی
احمد علی بابایی زهرا صالحیدر این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول ج Moreدر این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور از سه کتاب سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و از سه کتاب سیاسی اصلی به زبان فارسی ، سیصد پاراگراف به طور تصادفی انتخاب و برای هر یک از پاراگراف های انتخاب شده تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات به طور جداگانه با استفاده از نرم افزار AntConc 3.2.0w محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون T-test ارزش تفاوت میان میانگین اعداد از لحاظ آماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیلسی ترجمه شده بالاتر از متون اصلی می باشد. اما میانگین طول جملات در متون ترجمه شده کمتر از متون اصلی است . یافته های کلی این مطالعه ، اعتبار فرضیه ساده سازی را با نشان دادن اینکه تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده ممکن است پایین تر از متون اصلی نباشد، محدود و مورد چالش قرار داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigating the Religious and Moral Functions of interrogative and Imperative Sentences in Sanāi's Odes
hosein salimi Bashir AlaviAbolmajd Majdood Ibn Adam Sanāi Ghaznavi also called Hakim Sanāi (473-545 AH), is one of the greatest poets of Persian language who wrote in ode and Masnavi form. Praise, guidance and admonition are among the frequent themes of his odes. Sanāi well understands language MoreAbolmajd Majdood Ibn Adam Sanāi Ghaznavi also called Hakim Sanāi (473-545 AH), is one of the greatest poets of Persian language who wrote in ode and Masnavi form. Praise, guidance and admonition are among the frequent themes of his odes. Sanāi well understands language and is fully acquainted with its features and capabilities. Description, praise, wisdom and advice, admonition, story of the soul, blame, and reproach exist in Sanāi's odes. Many instances of compositional sentences (interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, and prohibitive) exist in Sanai's odes used in their indirect (or secondary) meanings. He has been successful in choosing the expressing methods, grammatical patterns (according to the type of message and communication), and in selecting words by considering their harmony, rhythm, and subject. The secondary meanings of the compositional sentences, in fact, express Sanāi's inner thoughts and they can be understood by analyzing the poet's thoughts. This research deals with interrogative and imperative based upon grammatical and semantic categories in Sanāi's odes in order to determine the relationship between the poet's moral thoughts and the meanings of sentences. clarifying and explaining Sanāi's aim in using such kinds of sentences analytically, the researchers use diagrams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Comparison of two Defuzzification methods of Mean of Max and Central Average in Morphology of composition functions in Persian Sentences
Pardis Pirayesh Homayun Motameni Ebrahim Akbari -
Open Access Article
36 - Content analysis of English texts for special purpose for the students of Library and Information Science according to the approved curricula
Nahid Banieghbal hasan razavi sadrPurpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: “English texts for the students of Library and Information Science” by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein MorePurpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: “English texts for the students of Library and Information Science” by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein Mokhtari-Memar; and “Using the Library and Information Terms in English Sentences” by Hossein Mokhtari-Memar. The main purpose of the research is to compare the texts to the approved curricula and to give helpful suggestions to promote the educational level of the English texts of Library and Information Science. Methodology: To collect the data, several checklists have been used. The methodology of this research is content analysis that is one of the common methods in data analysis. Findings: Findings indicate that the above mentioned texts are able to cover 86.1% of compulsory and 13.9% of the optional course curricula. The highest coverage of the first book is related to “Library and Librarianship” equals to 17.3%, but the second book covers 20.2% that is related to “Collection building 1”. Both of these are compulsory courses. In some cases such as Library resources and services for adult neo-literates and for children and young adults (compulsory courses), the texts have no coverage. Conclusions: According to the findings, some suggestions have been given for the new editions of the English texts, such as IT, ICT topics and optional courses should be more emphasized. Attention should be paid to include original English texts instead of English sentences in the second book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - تاثیر آموزش کاملا فراگیر در مقابل آموزش ارتباطی مرسوم بر مهارت بیان زبان آموزان مبتلا به اختلال بیانی زبان
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafieeبر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش Moreبر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش از متوسط ایرانی که دارای سطوح خفیف تا متوسط ELD بودند، از طرح چهار گروهی شبه سلیمان استفاده کردیم و آنها را به دو گروه آزمایش و دو گروه کنترل تقسیم کردیم. مداخله شامل بیست جلسه هفتاد دقیقه ای و شامل هشتاد تمرین گفتاری ریز یادگیری بود که در VR توسط FIT توسعه داده شد. به شرکت کنندگان در گروه کنترل بر اساس آموزش زبان ارتباطی (CLT) که رویکردی برای آموزش زبان است، آموزش داده شد. هر دو آزمون OQPT و آزمون موفقیت فردی وکسلر (WIAT-III) در روش های پیش آزمون و پس آزمون این مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افرادی که مطابق با FIT آموزش دیده بودند، از نظر توانایی های بیان بهتر از همکاران خود که تحت CLT قرار گرفته بودند، عمل کردند. این مهارتها شامل واژگان بیانی، روانی کلام شفاهی و تکرار جملات بود. TEFL، آموزش درمانی، گفتار درمانی شناختی، و فناوری آموزشی، همگی ممکن است از این نتایج سود ببرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - تاثیر آموزش کاملا فراگیر در مقابل آموزش ارتباطی مرسوم بر مهارت بیان زبان آموزان مبتلا به اختلال بیانی زبان
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafieeبر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش Moreبر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش از متوسط ایرانی که دارای سطوح خفیف تا متوسط ELD بودند، از طرح چهار گروهی شبه سلیمان استفاده کردیم و آنها را به دو گروه آزمایش و دو گروه کنترل تقسیم کردیم. مداخله شامل بیست جلسه هفتاد دقیقه ای و شامل هشتاد تمرین گفتاری ریز یادگیری بود که در VR توسط FIT توسعه داده شد. به شرکت کنندگان در گروه کنترل بر اساس آموزش زبان ارتباطی (CLT) که رویکردی برای آموزش زبان است، آموزش داده شد. هر دو آزمون OQPT و آزمون موفقیت فردی وکسلر (WIAT-III) در روش های پیش آزمون و پس آزمون این مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افرادی که مطابق با FIT آموزش دیده بودند، از نظر توانایی های بیان بهتر از همکاران خود که تحت CLT قرار گرفته بودند، عمل کردند. این مهارتها شامل واژگان بیانی، روانی کلام شفاهی و تکرار جملات بود. TEFL، آموزش درمانی، گفتار درمانی شناختی، و فناوری آموزشی، همگی ممکن است از این نتایج سود ببرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Ambiguity and Grammer
Dr. A.hmad Mohseni Ambiguity is a “Figure of Speech”. It contains two or more meaning and is open to different interpretations. A statement which contains ambiguity does not have just one grammatical description. In this article, the influence of ambiguity on the gra More Ambiguity is a “Figure of Speech”. It contains two or more meaning and is open to different interpretations. A statement which contains ambiguity does not have just one grammatical description. In this article, the influence of ambiguity on the grammatical categories will be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT)
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi Parviz Azad Fallah Mohsen Dehghani, Hojatolah FarahaniThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eig MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eighty nine undergraduate students (143 females, 146 males) were selected from different disciplines of Tehran University using convenience sampling. The guilt subscale of the Personal Feeling Questionnaire (Harder & Zalma, 1990) and the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (Kelley, et al., 1985) were used for studying divergent validity. The results indicated that the WUSCT had appropriate internal consistency (ranged from 0/118 to 0/326). The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .781 and .876, respectively. The negative correlation of the WUSCT with self-destructiveness demonstrated the divergent validity of the WUSCT. The WUSCT could discriminate the group with high ego development from the group with low guilt and self-destructiveness which indicated the discriminant validity of the WUSCT. The factorial analyses indicated that the WUSCT was unidimensional. The findings suggest that the Persian version of the WUSCT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing ego development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PARAGRAPH AND ITSKINDS IN CONTEMPORARY TEXTES
Mohammad Ali Gozashti Leila ElahiyanParagraph is one of the units of meaning in the text which is greater than a sentence and is, in its turn, responsible for transmitting the meaning. This study aims to illustrate: What kind of sentences form a paragraph, What is the structure of sentences in a paragraph MoreParagraph is one of the units of meaning in the text which is greater than a sentence and is, in its turn, responsible for transmitting the meaning. This study aims to illustrate: What kind of sentences form a paragraph, What is the structure of sentences in a paragraph, What kind of role occupy different paragraphs in a text, To make the author’s intention more clear how should be the paragraphs divided. A paragraph comprises of a topic sentence and supporting sentences and considering the position of different paragraphs in a text, three paragraphs can be distinguish for every text, i.e. introductory paragraphs, body paragraphs and conclusion paragraph. Since each Paragraph explains a respective independent subject, the paragraphs can be divided in to narrative paragraph, descriptive paragraph, cause and effect paragraph, comparison and contrast paragraph and composite paragraph. Understanding the parts of a paragraph correctly and having the ability to distinguish the different kinds of paragraphs help to understand the text properly, teach the correct way of writing, classification of subjects and avoiding the deviance of the main subject of the text and verbosity. With explaining the structure of a paragraph to determine the framework of the paragraphs and adoption an appropriate way for paragraphing the text in line with its subject, this article strives to make clear the functions of the paragraphs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Fundamentals of the legitimacy of the ruling in absentia in Imami jurisprudence with a look at Sunni jurisprudence
mostafa ghafoorian nejad malihe gholamiAttendance of litigants in trial is a principle for settling a lawsuit among parties because in divine Sharia of Islam and Islamic law, the presence of parties in the hearing validates the authority of the judge over trial, i.e. summoned party or his trustee (agent) mus MoreAttendance of litigants in trial is a principle for settling a lawsuit among parties because in divine Sharia of Islam and Islamic law, the presence of parties in the hearing validates the authority of the judge over trial, i.e. summoned party or his trustee (agent) must attend the trial and submit his defenses of the claim to the court or submit a bill to the court in the case of absence to prevent violation of his rights. However in some cases, the trial proceeds in the absence of a litigant of the lawsuit. This is an important issue in judgment and trail. Like other issues in jurisprudence, judgment by default needs to depend on authenticated sources and bases. The most fundamental and legitimate sources and bases for absent verdict include Quranic verses, tradition of immaculate Imams, consensus of jurist and reason. Therefore, we have studied and analyzed each of this sources while briefly considering Sunni jurisprudence in all aspects of the issue. The Current study has been a descriptive analytic research which has employed library method through note-taking instrument. In sum, it was concluded that in trial by default, considering some foundations, it can be said that in any condition, it is incumbent on the judge to summon the defendant to trail before issuing any verdict but in the case of the defendant’s absence, he is permitted to proceed a default judgment and issue the verdict in absence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Challenges of obtaining security or a guarantor from the convicted person in absentia
malihe gholami mahdi firozabadian hosein rahmaniOne of the important issues in enforcing a verdict in absentia after certainty is the introduction of a valid guarantor or obtaining appropriate security from the convict, which is mentioned in Note 2 of Article 306 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Well-known jurists als MoreOne of the important issues in enforcing a verdict in absentia after certainty is the introduction of a valid guarantor or obtaining appropriate security from the convict, which is mentioned in Note 2 of Article 306 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Well-known jurists also believe in obtaining a guarantor or securing in order to execute a verdict in absentia.This is because, in doing so, the absentee convict finds support to secure his or her damages. The present research is of descriptive-analytical type and the method of data collection is library and using filing tools. In this article, after examining various points of view, two forms of problems have been examined and discussed. First; In jurisprudence and law, there is no set time for survival. Second; In jurisprudence, the court receives bail when issuing a writ of execution, while the writ of execution may actually be served and there is no need to obtain bail,Therefore, they must obtain security during the execution of the sentence so that the convict's rights are not lost. Therefore, some solutions have been proposed to prevent the loss of some convicts' rights Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Jurisprudential-legal analysis of donating organs of those sentenced to death
Elahe Sadeghi zahra FehresteNowadays, organ transplant is an inevitable necessity for patients who cannot be treated by other medical treatments. Nevertheless, it has become one of the major challenges of societies to find enough transplantable organs in order to bring patients back to society and MoreNowadays, organ transplant is an inevitable necessity for patients who cannot be treated by other medical treatments. Nevertheless, it has become one of the major challenges of societies to find enough transplantable organs in order to bring patients back to society and their families. The attention of organ transplant experts and jurists has been drawn to finding new sources for organ donation, because of restrictions on member donors despite the increase in people in need of organ transplants. One of the most important resources of organ transplants is the organs of people sentenced to death. The present study aims to analyze the jurisprudential point of view regarding to the organ donation of those sentenced to death and retribution, by studying primary religious resources and regulations based on documentary method. This jurisprudential view emphasizes that the punishment for those sentenced to death and execution need not be the same. This view considers the execution and retribution of convicts possible by removing their vital organs under anesthesia. Donation of non-vital organs of people sentenced to retribution can also be considered as another source of providing organs for transplantation, if he obtains the consent of his parents. This donation can lead to discount of his punishment. Manuscript profile
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