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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluating impact Demand management policies (price and non price) on Energy conservation in IRAN using Energy system model
M. R. Sharifazadeh Ali A. EsmaeilniaEnergy as a fundamental factor of production processes an important place in the economics system so thatproviding secured energy is one of the most important problem for attaining sustained growth anddevelopment. Non consistency of domestic national product growth with MoreEnergy as a fundamental factor of production processes an important place in the economics system so thatproviding secured energy is one of the most important problem for attaining sustained growth anddevelopment. Non consistency of domestic national product growth with that of energy consumption growthin the country shows that energy productivity is reduced. Therefore for purposes of energy efficiency andenergy conservation you meet to apply appropriate policies for the country.Implementation of demand management, policy in line with rationalization of energy consumption, ispossible in the content of price and or non price policy or combination of there two. By using an energysystem model in the content of various scenario a suitable policy was chosen, and the result optimal showedthat potential for conservation in the case of using price scenario was much higher in combination of pricepolicy. But using a combination of price policy(moving towards prices with marginal cost) and non price(moving towards using of legal instruments, standards, regulations and….) can be a more suitable policypackage for the country. I fact evaluation results of policies in the content of five scenarios, showed thisfundamental finding that by implementing a combination of price policy and non price policy such as settingstandards, passing laws and applying regulations in line with increases in productivity and improvingtechnical efficiencies of energy consuming facilities, the country can benefit more of the results of demandmanagement policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Energy optimization based on routing protocols in wireless sensor network
Zoleikha Azizi Kambiz Majidzadeh -
Open Access Article
3 - A Genetic Based Resource Management Algorithm Considering Energy Efficiency in Cloud Computing Systems
Marzieh Bozorgi Elize Ahmad KhademZadeh -
Open Access Article
4 - A Method for Measuring Energy Consumption in IaaS Cloud
Derdus Kenga Vincent Omwenga Patrick Ogao -
Open Access Article
5 - Energy Carrier Consumption Optimization Policy in National Iranian Copper Industries Company (Case Study: Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex)
Mohammad Reza Fathi Adel Azar Gholam Reza Jandaghi shirin ranjebartotoyy babak azari reza mortazaiiBackground and Aim: Energy management and efficiency is one of the strategic policies of countries in supplying the required energy, responding to energy demand and addressing their environmental challenges and concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explai MoreBackground and Aim: Energy management and efficiency is one of the strategic policies of countries in supplying the required energy, responding to energy demand and addressing their environmental challenges and concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the policy of optimizing the production and consumption of energy carriers in Sarcheshmeh copper complex. Method: The present study has an exploratory approach in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study includes copper industry experts in three categories of managers, heads and supervisors. Snowball sampling method was used to collect the sample and it was done until the theoretical saturation was reached. The number of statistical samples was 75 people. Research data were collected using semi-structured interviews. In this research, the qualitative method of content analysis (theme) and Atlas software (8) have been used. Findings: The research findings are presented in the form of a conceptual model for the factors affecting the optimization of energy consumption in Sarcheshmeh National Copper Company. This model includes 7 areas of environmental factors, production factors; Structural factors; Content_behavioral factors; Energy Management; Network energy efficiency and energy efficiency. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that; All areas of conceptual model, accelerating and facilitating factors, and barriers and limitations of energy consumption optimization are classified according to the conceptual model of energy management in May et al. (2016). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Harvesting Daylight in High-rise Office Buildings Using Phyllotaxis Model
Amirhossein Zekri Rima Fayaz Mahmood Golabchi -
Open Access Article
7 - Energy Conservation in Building
Amira Mahmoud -
Open Access Article
8 - Architecture Follows Nature(Biotechnology A smart approach to energy conservation in building skins)
saba kheradmand hassan satari sarbangholiSince 1970, a major problem worldwide is energy shortage along with the high consumption of energy in buildings. Architects are attempting to find solutions for managing buildings energy consumption. One innovative approach is Biomimicry. A subcategory of biomimicry is MoreSince 1970, a major problem worldwide is energy shortage along with the high consumption of energy in buildings. Architects are attempting to find solutions for managing buildings energy consumption. One innovative approach is Biomimicry. A subcategory of biomimicry is building skin which forms the entire exterior of the building. It is the boundary through which the buildings interaction with the environment occurs. Proper management of the building skin can significantly reduce the building's energy demand. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of reducing energy consumption by applying the biomimicry approach on buildings skin design. In order To achieve this aim, a research methodology has been designed to accomplish four objectives. First, it will carry out an in depth research on biomimicry, skin, and biomimicry in building skin through the study of existing literature. Second, international case studies will be presented and analyzed in terms of usage of biomimicry, in addition to, the impact it had on reducing the buildings energy consumption. Finally it will conclude with guidelines for building skin biomimicry design for more efficient energy consumption in buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Fuzzy Multi-Objective Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network in the Automotive Industry with an Urban Management Approach
saeed aminpour alireza irajpour mahdi yazdaniIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to design a multi-objective model of fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network in the automotive industry with an urban management approach. Automobile manufacturing is a complex and energetic process that consumes MoreIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to design a multi-objective model of fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network in the automotive industry with an urban management approach. Automobile manufacturing is a complex and energetic process that consumes significant amounts of raw materials and water. To continue the competition, major automotive equipment manufacturers must strive for better product quality by continuously improving their production process and directing low-carbon emissions and increasing sustainability. In this regard, reverse supply chain networks and closed loop chains have special features that are very useful in the industry under study. Method: In the present study, in order to achieve the research objectives, a quantitative research method will be used and based on the purpose, it is defined in a practical way. In this study, we use the MOPSO method to facilitate its implementation and its ability to provide good convergence, as well as to maintain a proper balance between exploitation and exploration, as well as the NSGA II genetic algorithm. Results: In the study of the findings of the proposed algorithms, it found that the average error resulting from these algorithms is less than 0.04. The results also show that the proposed algorithms have the necessary efficiency in solving these problems. Conclusion: The notable results of our model are as follows: (1) an efficient closed-loop network that demonstrates the economic benefits of considering the value of time over the recycling of a worn product. (2) It has the ability to show the capacity to achieve maximum benefits in terms of cost value as well as the environmental perspective of what capacity it should maintain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Feasibility of using geothermal energy in building in order to reduce carbon dioxide pollutant emissions in environment (Case Study: Hamedan)
mahdi shaabanian mohammadhadi kaboli ali dehghanbanadaki leila zareBackground and Objective: The thermal behavior of underground buildings is different from that of above ground buildings. The approaching temperature of the inner layers of the earth to the average annual outdoor temperature reduces the heat exchange of these buildings MoreBackground and Objective: The thermal behavior of underground buildings is different from that of above ground buildings. The approaching temperature of the inner layers of the earth to the average annual outdoor temperature reduces the heat exchange of these buildings compared to buildings on the ground. Reducing energy consumption reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using geothermal energy in buildings to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the city of Hamedan with cold climatic conditions in 2019. Method: The simulation was performed by using version 8-1-0 of Energy Plus software. In the model, a standard 900 Ashrae sample space with residential usage was considered. At first the building was located on the ground as default and its energy consumption was set to 0/424 MWh /m2. In later stages, the sample is gradually placed in depth in successive steps equal to 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 meters. Findings: findings showed that in each depth, 14.51%, 28.38%, 44.56%, 57.25%, 74.70% and 79.07% of the annual energy requirements of the sample space has been reduced. On the other hand, in each scenario, the carbon dioxide pollutant emissions as the main greenhouse gas, has been declined to 0.65, 1.27, 1.99, 2.57, 3.35 and 3.55 percent, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, It was concluded that Placement of buildings under the ground reduces carbon dioxide pollutant emissions in environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Design for Disassembly and Shifting to Eco-Friendly Architecture
Seyed Mehdi Amirkiaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadmehdi RaissamieiBackground and Purpose: Construction and demolition waste management is one the controversial issues in building industry. The “hidden water” and the “hidden energy” of building material are from among the most important issues in designerly appr MoreBackground and Purpose: Construction and demolition waste management is one the controversial issues in building industry. The “hidden water” and the “hidden energy” of building material are from among the most important issues in designerly approach to energy efficiency under the high-performance architecture theory. The aim of the research is to outline the concept of design for disassembly in order to minimize construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and facilitate appropriate disposal. Materials and Methods: Descriptive-analytical method has been adopted in which description of the theoretical concepts has merged with an analytical approach to the expert opinions. Results: Studies have shown that the successful cases in the framework of design for disassembly were deliberately designed with dismantling prediction from the early stage of the design process. Integrated approach toward the life cycle is the key factor in eco-friendly design and construction which is based on recycling, creative reuse, repurposing and upcycling strategies as a part of “green aesthetics”. Discussion and Conclusions:The concept of design for disassembly rots from flexibility in architectural design process and is an influential procedure for C&DW. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology to address gains of the concept of design for disassembly. Moreover it has showed a meaningful relationship between design for disassembly and the environmental impacts which might be addressed as designerly approach to energy efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in sugar industry and vegetable oil industry using SWOT and QSPM methods
Hasti Borgheipour Roxana MoogoueiBackground and objectives: Food industry in Iran is one of the major energy consuming industries. Sugar industry and vegetable oil industry are one of the main energy consuming industries in the food industry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the implementation MoreBackground and objectives: Food industry in Iran is one of the major energy consuming industries. Sugar industry and vegetable oil industry are one of the main energy consuming industries in the food industry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures in sugar and vegetable oil industries. Method: In this study, it was attempted to apply SWOT analysis to develop strategies for the improvement of energy efficiency measures in the mentioned industries. This analysis includes the current effects (strengths and weaknesses) and the effects of future development (opportunities and threats). Also, the QSPM matrix was used to determine the relative attractiveness of the developed strategies. Findings: After examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures in the studied industries, the results of analysis by IFE and EFE matrices showed that strengths are less than the weaknesses and the opportunities of development are more than the threats. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, development of strategies to improve the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the sugar and vegetable oil industries seems to be necessary. Among the strategies developed in this study, “establishing a proper system for policy making and implementation of policies, rules and regulations related to the energy sector and presenting a series of detailed rules for enforcing existing rules” are at the top of the strategyies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement in domestic climate change lawsuits from the perspective of international law
meisam norouzi mehdi eskandari khoshguoDThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling energy consumption in the main building of Tehran Municipality, District 5, and in order to determine the type and manner of energy consumption. Design Builder software was used for modeling. The four modeling sc MoreDThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling energy consumption in the main building of Tehran Municipality, District 5, and in order to determine the type and manner of energy consumption. Design Builder software was used for modeling. The four modeling scenarios were the current state, the use of a movable canopy, the use of a photovoltaic panel, and the combined state. The results showed that the penetration air load coefficient is equal to 3132.5 W/K. Most of the heat received from the sun's heat comes from incoming radiation from the windows of the building. Red and blue are also related to the perceived load of heating and cooling of the building. The highest heat dissipation in cold seasons is related to the roof and glass of the building. Brightness is 54% of the points in the standard range, 2% of the points have more brightness than the standard and 44% of the points have less than the standard brightness. As can be deduced from the available results, the lighting condition (based on the installed capacity per unit area) of this building is higher than the world standards, which can be reduced to some extent without affecting the indoor comfort conditions. According to studies, the shortcomings of the building are significant from an energy perspective. So that the average heat transfer coefficient of the walls is 2.5 times the standard value of topic 19 and the average heat transfer coefficient of the windows is 1.7 times the standard value of topic 19. Also, the average ceiling heat transfer coefficient is 2.2 times the standard value of topic 19. By using smart canopies, the cooling and heating energy has been reduced by 12% compared to the building in the ground state. On the other hand, based on the modeling, it is determined that the total electricity consumption of the building during a year is 1074146 kWh that the panels can produce 88437 kWh during the year. Accordingly, the panels are capable of generating 15/3% of the building's electricity needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation and Comparison of Different Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm in Analyzing a 60 MW Combined Heat and Power Cycle
parisa ghorbani Arash KarimipourThe constant growth of energy consumption, increased fuel costs, non-renewable fossil fuel sources, and environmental pollution caused by increased emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming highlight the need for the analysis and optimization of main energy gener MoreThe constant growth of energy consumption, increased fuel costs, non-renewable fossil fuel sources, and environmental pollution caused by increased emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming highlight the need for the analysis and optimization of main energy generation bases, i.e. power plants. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a useful novel method for better processing information and controlling, and optimizing and modeling industrial processes. For the first time in this study, an ANN was designed and applied to data extracted from modeling and analyzing a 60 MW combined heat and power generation power plant. To this end, the error backpropagation network was selected as the optimal network, and the generator load or capacity, condenser pressure, and Feedwater temperature were considered inputs to the ANN. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the power plant and the overall energy and exergy losses of the cycle were considered outputs of the ANN. The ANN was coded and designed with the help of MATLAB. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to obtain the optimal values of input parameters and the minimum losses and maximum efficiencies based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Efficient Modified-LEACH Protocol for Enhancing WSNs’ Lifetime
Mehdi Masoodi Mohsen Maesoumi Ehsan Akbari Sekehravani -
Open Access Article
16 - Improvement of Energy, Lifetime and Delays in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks by Effective Deployment of Relay Nodes
Reyhane Zehtabzadeh Reza Gholamrezayi -
Open Access Article
17 - An Iterative Method for ASC Hybrid Precoding Structure for mmWave Ma-MIMO Systems
Amirreza Moradi Kamal Mohamed-pour Nasim Jafari Farsani -
Open Access Article
18 - Combating Climate Change: The Role of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
E. Uyigue O. A. Ediang A. A. EdiangClimate change and its possible impacts on the environment and socio-economic systems now constitute the most important environmental problem facing mankind in the 21st century. Climate change will increase poverty and hardship, endanger food security, destabilize econo MoreClimate change and its possible impacts on the environment and socio-economic systems now constitute the most important environmental problem facing mankind in the 21st century. Climate change will increase poverty and hardship, endanger food security, destabilize economies, decrease food and water and create social insecurity in many countries and undermine our goals for achieving sustainable development. An in-depth analysis was carried out on the nature and characteristics of climatic changes and the roles of renewable energy and energy efficiency in combating the threat of climate change especially in relation to mitigation measures. Energy policy is therefore becoming an increasingly important tool for medium and long term planning to mitigate GHG emissions and to adapt to climate change especially in the developing countries. This paper highlights the fact that research efforts for the rest of the 21st century be directed towards harnessing renewable energies like the solar, wind and geothermal energies to replace the present day burning of fossil fuel energy for lighting, heating, cooling, manufacturing, cooking, transport, entertainment, etc. This will help to reduce the emission of green house gases (GHGs) and ozone depletion and in the long run the global warming effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Management of energy consumption in buildings using renewable materials and new materials in hot and dry climates
seyed esmaeil sadati saeed moghimi mahdi ezadiSaving energy is one of the most important challenges in the world today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental consequences of energy consumption and global warming have doubled in importance. On the other hand, the share of the construction sector MoreSaving energy is one of the most important challenges in the world today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental consequences of energy consumption and global warming have doubled in importance. On the other hand, the share of the construction sector in the energy consumption of countries is significant and for this reason, in recent decades, in most industrialized countries, basic measures have been taken to improve consumption patterns, using various tools such as regulations. One of the most important energy consumed is electrical energy, which is one of the most basic energy sources of buildings and plays an important role. The complex problems and processes of electricity generation and transmission, the pollution generated by the production of fossil fuels, and other cases have prompted researchers to seek solutions to reduce energy consumption or, in other words, optimize energy consumption. In this study, some practical solutions to move towards energy saving have been investigated and the effect of using materials with different heat transfer coefficients in external walls according to Semnan weather conditions on the modeled building and to analyze the cooling and heating load of the building. Compared with renewable materials. Finally, the external wall, using a 20 cm straw block, has reduced the annual energy consumption compared to perforated pottery, autoclaved concrete, and Article 19 of the National Regulations has resulted in 3%, 0.6%, and 2.76%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation of heat transfer performance of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation
mojtaba jamiati Hossein PourmohamadianIn this study, the flow field analysis and heat transfer of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation have been investigated. The fluid used in this collector is nanofluid of water - Aluminium. The main aim of c MoreIn this study, the flow field analysis and heat transfer of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation have been investigated. The fluid used in this collector is nanofluid of water - Aluminium. The main aim of current study is to investigate the effect of using eccentric absorber system and solid insulation on the energy efficiency of linear parabolic collectors. For this purpose, energy efficiency has been measured and presented for different states (including ambient temperature, fluid inlet temperature, nanofluid volume fraction, nanoparticle diameter and geometric characteristics). The study is in turbulent flow regime and in order to model it, the k epsilon turbulence model has been used. In order to solve the survival equations, the finite volume method and the SIMPLE C algorithm have been used. Different optimal models are introduced in terms of having the highest energy efficiency, and the best model is determined. Based on obtained results, the highest energy efficiency in different Reynolds is related to the novel collector and two-phase model(TPM). In the next positions, respectively, are the novel collector and single-phase model(SPM), the basic collector and two-phase model, and at the end, the basic collector and single-phase model. It was also found that as the Reynolds number increases, all modes have an uptrend. The maximum amount of energy efficiency was for the novel collector and the two-phase model at Reynolds 15000, Which is equal to 68%. Also, the maximum energy efficiency for eccentricity 20 mm at Reynolds 15000, which is equal to 74.9%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Best Selection Design in Air Distribution of Data Centers
Mohammadamin Mojavery Agah khalil Mojaveryagah Alireza SaraeiNowadays, so much heat has been generated in data centers which is caused by many electronic devices. This generated heat has been increased proportionally with the number of racks in IT rooms .In other hands, the power consumption of IT cooling system is more than 43% MoreNowadays, so much heat has been generated in data centers which is caused by many electronic devices. This generated heat has been increased proportionally with the number of racks in IT rooms .In other hands, the power consumption of IT cooling system is more than 43% of total electrical consumption in data centers, hence the technology of its cooling systems is very important. Selection of cooling system design should provide the most efficiency and the least power consumption. In this paper, data centers with raised floor or without raised floor will be considered and 9 air distribution procedures for air cooling of IT rooms will be discussed and will be compared. According to the number of IT’s racks and power consumption of IT’s cabinets, the best selection of air distribution options will be determined .by the results of this paper , the clients of data centers could choose the best cooling system options which are appropriate with the number of racks and the power heat generation in data centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A review of energy efficiency in buildings by phase change materials and intelligent management system
mehdi abdoos Abdollah Khalesi Doost Hadi Kargar SharifabadOne of the most important issues in the world today is energy saving, which in the construction industry, proper thermal insulation is one of the solutions to prevent energy loss. Also, the use of new and suitable insulation materials helps us to achieve this. Energy cr MoreOne of the most important issues in the world today is energy saving, which in the construction industry, proper thermal insulation is one of the solutions to prevent energy loss. Also, the use of new and suitable insulation materials helps us to achieve this. Energy crisis, global warming and other environmental issues have always been the main motivation for researchers and engineers to look for new ways to reduce building energy consumption. Recently, the use of phase change materials to increase the thermal mass of the building has received much attention. Phase changers are organic or inorganic compounds that have the ability to absorb and store large amounts of heat energy within themselves. Due to this unique feature, using these materials can naturally delay the transfer of heat to the building for several hours during peak hours of energy consumption and therefore closer to the goal of optimizing energy consumption in the building. The use of phase change materials in the construction industry along with the proper use of the capabilities and physical properties of materials, was introduced in the world several decades ago and is now known in developed countries, while in our country the research and application of these materials in the construction industry remains almost unknown. The purpose of this article is to introduce and provide suggestions for using phase change materials to store and reduce energy consumption in the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Spatial Evaluation of Energy Performance at Neighborhood Scale Case study: Sanandaj city
Farnaz Ghazi Farzin Charehjoo Mahta Mirmoghtadaee -
Open Access Article
24 - Finding the Best Orientation of the Educational Buildings in Hot Arid Regions in Iran, in order to achieve theOptimum Annual Energy Consumption, Using Computer Simulation (Case Study: a Double Class School in Zahedan)
Hamid Aibaghi Esfahani Kourosh Momeni Faramarz Hassan Pour -
Open Access Article
25 - Improving the energy efficiency of existing residential buildings by applying passive and cost-effective solutions in the Hot and humid region of Iran
Amin Mohammadi Joseph Daraio -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of external and internal shading devices on energy consumption and co2 emissions of residential buildings in temperate climate
Samira Razazi Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei Raheleh Rostami -
Open Access Article
27 - A Comparative study on the Role of Energy Efficiency in Urban Planning Instruments of Iran and Germany
Mahta Mirmoghtadaee Ing. Seelig -
Open Access Article
28 - The Role of Functional Flexibility to Improve Energy Efficiency in Energy Consumption of the Case Borojerdiha house in Kashan
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Leyli Hashemi Rafsanjani -
Open Access Article
29 - Analytical Modeling of Specific Energy Consumption and Cost Share in Comprehensive Textile Industry: Case Study of Ethiopia
Dessie Bantelay Muluken Getie Betelhem Bruk Robile Workalemayehu -
Open Access Article
30 - City and Thinking: a Solution Based on contemplation quality in Islamic Geometric Patterns.
Ehsan AzarHomayoun Parisa Alimohammadi Ataollah TahaeiOur cities are seldom a place for staying, isolation of functions, priority of vehicle access and therefore monotone residential areas have made cities for us merely in charge of going and passing and required services, there is no place for gathering and belonging to s MoreOur cities are seldom a place for staying, isolation of functions, priority of vehicle access and therefore monotone residential areas have made cities for us merely in charge of going and passing and required services, there is no place for gathering and belonging to society. The feeling that nowadays our life in in permanent lack of time has had a main role in such a perception.Beyond an area for meeting the requirements, the city is a public area and the credit for the social coherence has a direct relation with the amount of the time devoted to optional activities in the city. What we call contemplation can be fulfilled with a dedication of time to it, and beyond that, we argue that contemplation is the very perception of time and temporality.Islamic geometric patterns are known with an invitation for contemplation and we are convinced that the very contemplation is an invitation for staying and taking part in task of seeing. This that how it would be possible is our primary question. The later and main question is how could we find an equivalent in our cities?This essay is performed through case study, primarily with a study in perception of Islamic geometric patterns and grasping of now and call for contemplation, we expand our study to approach analysis of the last decade remarkable specialists. With the evaluation performed by the composer approaches taken by SANAA architects and Jan Gehl and Peter Oldenburg acted as the matter of inquiry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Proper Placement of Photovoltaic Panels on the Facade of Urban Areas to Improve Energy Efficiency
Fateme yarmohammad Fateme Mehdizadeh Seraj Seyed Ali NuriDue to the crisis of the lack of energy resources and environmental pollution, it is necessary to use alternative and renewable energy. This has led to a growing trend in the use of solar systems, one of the most important sources of renewable energy. Photovoltaic panel MoreDue to the crisis of the lack of energy resources and environmental pollution, it is necessary to use alternative and renewable energy. This has led to a growing trend in the use of solar systems, one of the most important sources of renewable energy. Photovoltaic panels are one of the main applicable existing solar power systems. Due to the limited space in building roofs to install such panels, combining them with the façades of buildings has received enormous consideration. In this article, first, the effective factors in efficiency and productivity of BIPV¹ panels were evaluated; then, the effects of combining photovoltaic panels with the main façade components, including curtain walls, façades, and canopies, on energy efficiency were examined and compared. To reach the goal of this research, an office building was simulated in Grasshopper software; photovoltaic panels were installed in different components of its southern façade using Honeybee and Ladybug plugins, and the energy efficiency of each component was analyzed. Moreover, the other effective factors on the location of panels’ installation, including their layout, type, module energy efficiency, cost, variety of patterns, light transmission, market limitation, the optical quality of panels’ glass, and the effect of rainfall and snow cover, as well as their effectiveness level were studied, weighted, and ranked using the Shannon Entropy Approach. The results revealed that combining the panels with the same area by a canopy, the main body of the façade, and the curtain wall had the highest effects on energy efficiency, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Cutting-edge Metaheuristic Approach Based on The Manifold Distance for Energy-efficient Clustering in WSN
Faraein Aeini -
Open Access Article
33 - Improving the Efficiency of Household Electricity Consumption and Its Return Effect in Iran In Terms Of Asymmetry in Electricity Prices
azar alidadi pour musa khoshkalam khosroshahiThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the separation of electricity prices based on the Dargi and Gitley (1995) study, annual data for the period 1397-1347 and estimating the elasticity of electricity demand have been used. The results showed that first, improving the efficiency of household electricity consumption has a return effect and second, the return effect in the household sector is equal to 43%; That is, with a 10% increase in home appliance technology, 4.3% of the expected reserve due to the improvement of electricity consumption efficiency did not occur and this amount appeared in the form of a return effect and only 5.7% of the expected reserve in electricity consumption was realized. Based on the findings, it is suggested that economic policymakers, by accurately estimating the return effect, while achieving the goal of saving electricity consumption, also avoid wasting resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Control of Indoor Environmental Conditions Based on the Model and Use of Predictive Control Method
AmirReza Alizadeh Seyed Mohamad KargarIn this paper, a model predictive control approach is presented to regulate indoor temperature. In recent years, the highest energy consumption in buildings is related to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Therefore, the control of heating, ventilation, MoreIn this paper, a model predictive control approach is presented to regulate indoor temperature. In recent years, the highest energy consumption in buildings is related to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Therefore, the control of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in buildings has been taken into consideration to reduce energy consumption. At first, a construction model is designed in the Energy-plus software, then all input and output data is collected from this software to identify the state-space model. Then the Model-based predictive control algorithm is applied to control the indoor building temperature. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, the data used in the system identification section is based on the assumption that the rooms are not isolated. There is a temperature relationship between the rooms, which provides a more realistic model of the system. Secondly, the external ambient temperature is considered as a disturbance, and its effect on controller design has been investigated. The simulation results for 24 hours show the good performance of the model predictive control approach over the optimal control method along with reducing energy consumption while maintaining the optimal temperature conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - بررسی کارآیی نهاده ها در زراعت گیاه دارویی شوید (Anethum graveolens L) در منطقه رودهن
ناصر حسینی الهام توکلی دینانیمقدمه و هدف: انرژی یکی از مباحث مهم بوم شناسی کشاورزی است و در این ارتباط در نقاط مختلف جهان نسبت انرژی خروجی و ورودی در اکوسیستم های مختلف کشاورزی محاسبه می شود. چنانچه بتوان میزان انرژی های ورودی به مزرعه در قالب شاخص هایی چون سموم، کودهای شیمیایی، انرژی ت Moreمقدمه و هدف: انرژی یکی از مباحث مهم بوم شناسی کشاورزی است و در این ارتباط در نقاط مختلف جهان نسبت انرژی خروجی و ورودی در اکوسیستم های مختلف کشاورزی محاسبه می شود. چنانچه بتوان میزان انرژی های ورودی به مزرعه در قالب شاخص هایی چون سموم، کودهای شیمیایی، انرژی تراکتور و نیروی کارگر را کاهش داد، علاوه بر افزایش درآمد خالص کشاورزان گام مهمی درجهت حفظ اکوسیستم مزرعه از آلودگی ها و عوامل مخرب به عمل خواهد آمد.روش تحقیق: به همین منظور بیلان انرژی در مزرعه شوید و انرژی نهاده و ستاده در سال زراعی 1389-1388 با تهیه پرسش نامه هایی از کشاورزان منطقه رودهن انجام گردید و میزان انرژی های ورودی به مزرعه در قالب نهاده های مصرفی و با توجه به ضرایب مخصوص محاسبه شد. انرژی خروجی نیز در قالب ستاده بر اساس عملکرد دانه شوید و بر پایه تجزیه ترکیبات شیمیایی و محتوی انرژی آن ها صورت پذیرفت.نتایج و بحث: در این بررسی میزان انرژی نهاده های به کار برده شده 64668971 کیلوکالری در هکتار و میزان انرژی تولیدی 804640 کیلوکالری در هکتار محاسبه شد. میزان کارآیی انرژی (نسبت ستاده به نهاده) بر اساس عملکرد دانه شوید 011/0 بوده است، که بیشترین انرژی مصرفی در کشت این محصول در منطقه رودهن مربوط به آبیاری و کود نیتروژنه است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با مدیریت صحیح می توان مصرف نهاده ها را کاهش و کارآیی انرژی را افزایش داد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation of Energy Efficiency of Broiler Farms in Different Capacity Management Systems
S. Najafi N. Khademolhosseini O. Ahmadauli -
Open Access Article
37 - A Balanced Distribution Method Of Cluster Head Selection For Clustering In Wireless Sensor Networks
Marzieh Gholami Mehdi Golsorkhtabaramiri -
Open Access Article
38 - Gender Analysis of Energy Use for Rice Production in North Central, Nigeria
H. Y. Ibrahim U. Shuaibu E. Ogezi -
Open Access Article
39 - تجزیه و تحلیل امرژی نظام کشت خیار گلخانهای منطقه سیستان
شیرعلی کوهکن احمد قنبری محمدرضا اصغری پور براتعلی فاخریدستیابی به پایداری کشاورزی و کاهش فشار زیست محیطی دو هدف عمده مدیریت آگرو اکوسیستمها در قرن حاضر است که عدم کارایی مناسب انرژی، آنرا با چالش مواجه نموده است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده یکی از مهمترین نظامهای کشت منطقه سیستان با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل امرژی ا Moreدستیابی به پایداری کشاورزی و کاهش فشار زیست محیطی دو هدف عمده مدیریت آگرو اکوسیستمها در قرن حاضر است که عدم کارایی مناسب انرژی، آنرا با چالش مواجه نموده است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده یکی از مهمترین نظامهای کشت منطقه سیستان با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل امرژی ارزیابی گردد. در این مطالعه تمام ورودیها اعم از ورودیهای تجدید پذیر شامل نور خورشید، باد و باران؛ تجدید ناپذیر شامل خاک؛ نهادهها و خدمات خریداری شده شامل ماشینآلات، سوختهای فسیلی، الکتریسیته، پلاستیک، تاسیسات، نیروی انسانی، کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، کودهای میکرو و سموم شیمیایی برای تولید خیار گلخانهای سیستان مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد کل امرژی تولید خیار گلخانهای برابر1018×094/1 امژول خورشیدی و بیشترین مقدار امرژی مصرفی به ترتیب مربوط به گازوئیل و نیروی انسانی با 1017×9/7 و 1017×92/1 امژول خورشیدی در هکتار بود. شاخصهای مهم امرژی شامل نسبت عملکرد امرژی، نسبت سرمایهگذاری امرژی، نسبت بارگذاری بر محیط زیست و شاخص پایداری به ترتیب 00/1، 2089، 34/4، 23/0 2 بدست آمد. بنابراین لازم است بهینهسازی مصرف نهادههای پر مصرف، کاهش فشار زیستمحیطی و افزایش پایداری از طریق تغییرات مناسب در ساختمان و سازههای گلخانه و افزایش کارایی مصرف انرژی در داخل گلخانه و نیز افزایش مکانیزاسیون کاشت، داشت و برداشت کشتهای گلخانهای برای توسعه کشت خیار گلخانهای در منطقه سیستان در برنامهریزیهای آتی مد نظر قرار گیرد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - تجزیه و تحلیل کارایی انرژی و مدل سازی رابطه بین انرژی های ورودی و عملکرد گندم در ایران
Fakher kardoni Majid Jami-Al Ahmadi Mohammad Reza BakhshiWheat is the dominant cereal crop constituting the first staple food in Iran. This paper studies the energy consumption patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for Wheat production in Iranian agriculture during the period 1986 – 2008. The res MoreWheat is the dominant cereal crop constituting the first staple food in Iran. This paper studies the energy consumption patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for Wheat production in Iranian agriculture during the period 1986 – 2008. The results indicated that total energy inputs in irrigated and dryland wheat production increased from 29.01 and 9.81 GJ ha-1 in 1986 to 44.67 and 12.35 GJ ha-1 in 2008, respectively. Similarly, total output energy rose from 28.87 and 10.43 GJ ha-1 in 1986 to 58.53 and 15.77 GJ ha-1 in 2008, in the same period. Energy efficiency indicators, input–output ratio, energy productivity, and net energy have improved over the examined period. The results also revealed that non-renewable, direct, and indirect energy forms had a positive impact on the output level. Moreover, the regression results showed the significant effect of irrigation water and seed energies in irrigated wheat and human labor and fertilizer in dryland wheat on crop yield. Results of this study indicated that improvement of fertilizer efficiency and reduction of fuel consumption by modifying tillage, harvest method, and other agronomic operations can significantly affect the energy efficiency of wheat production in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - China’s Energy Strategy on the Middle East
Alireza Rezaei Ghasem Toraby Ghasem Rezaei -
Open Access Article
42 - Analysis The Role of Financial Development in Iran's Carbon Emissions Reduction; Application of Space Durbin Model
elham ataei kachooei kaveh azinfar Iman dadashi Maryam shafiee kakhakiIssues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. On the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries makes the issue of carbon dioxide as MoreIssues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. On the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries makes the issue of carbon dioxide as a solution of the environmental crisis important. In this study, the effects of the variable carbon dioxide, Investment, Financial rate, Density of insurance, and Depth of insurance use are examined on the carbon dioxide emission with the method of panel data. In this study, we modeled the carbon dioxide flow over the period from 2005 to 2014 for the Financial depth and Financial growth using a dynamic spatial regression model. versus fixed effect specification, a spatial Hausman test was fixed effect. Also, we modified Wald test was not fixed effect regression and Durbin-Watson test was the Residual autocorrelation detection The SAR results support the hypothesis of the impact of spatial effects. Depth of insurance in provinces has led to an increasing relationship with CO2 emission in each province, investment had no significant relationship with CO2 emission in each province as well as insurance density and financial relationship of decline with CO2 emission in each province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH -
Open Access Article
44 - An experimental model for predicting normal solar performance chimneys concerning the percentage of openings
Sajede Nazari Malihe Taghipour Aliakbar Heidari -
Open Access Article
45 - An Evaluation Of Ecological Solutions Based On Energy Efficiency In The Vernacular Architecture Of Ardabil
mahsa javadi nodeh azadeh shahcheraghi alireza andalib -
Open Access Article
46 - Evaluation of energy consumption and econometric analysis in greenhouse cucumber production (Case study: Jiroft province)
Fakher Kardoni Neda Saeedi Graghany Amin FathiThe objectives of this study were to determine the energy indicators and econometric analysis in greenhouse cucumber production in Jiroft province Iran.For this purpose, the data on 31 cucumber production greenhouses in the Jiroft province, Iran, were collected and anal MoreThe objectives of this study were to determine the energy indicators and econometric analysis in greenhouse cucumber production in Jiroft province Iran.For this purpose, the data on 31 cucumber production greenhouses in the Jiroft province, Iran, were collected and analyzed.The results indicated that a total energy input of 146.95GJ ha-1was consumed for cucumber production. Diesel fuel (with 46.8%), chemical fertilizers (with 20.52%) and electricity(18.7) were amongst the highest energy inputs for cucumber production. The ratio of energy output to energy input was approximately0.58.The energy productivity and net energy was estimated as 0.72 kg MJ-1 and -62.2 GJ ha-1. Also, Results indicate 6% and 93.9% of total energy input was in renewable and non-renewable forms, respectively. The regression results revealed thatthe contribution of energy inputs on crop yield(except for Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizers energies) was significant. The human labour energy had the highestimpact (1.25) among the other inputs in greenhouse cucumber production.According to the results, resource management in greenhouses and reduce the consumption of fuel and fertilizer to produce, can increase energy efficiency and productivity were cucumbers. Manuscript profile
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