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Open Access Article
1 - Buddhism and the Problem of Abortion
Alireza ShojaiOver two thousand years ago, Buddhist embryology made it very clear that a separate, independent human life begins at the moment of conception. In contrast to the situation in western countries, there has been relatively little serious discussion of abortion as a religi MoreOver two thousand years ago, Buddhist embryology made it very clear that a separate, independent human life begins at the moment of conception. In contrast to the situation in western countries, there has been relatively little serious discussion of abortion as a religious and ethical issue in Buddhist countries. Leaders of the Buddhist sangha have said very little indeed on the issue. The Buddhist teachings have made it clear that unskillful acts, like abortion, always have negative consequences for the agent. As we have seen, Buddhists understand the fetus to be a human being; therefore, abortion obviously should be covered under the first precept, namely “to abstain from taking life”. But some contemporary Buddhist thinkers and scholars of Buddhism in the West and a much smaller number in the East are beginning to address bioethical issues according to modern embryological research. They argue that although all abortions are condemned by Buddhists as the taking of human life, as the pregnancy progresses, there is some controversy about whether or not, from the Buddhist Point of view, a late term abortion is a more unskillful act than one performed early on in the pregnancy. Finally, Buddhists, unlike feminists, understand the fetus to be a person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE QURANIC VERSES ON COAGULUl\1 A~D THE SCIENCE OF El\lBRYOLOGY
Soosan Al Rasool Maryam Taheri ZadehThe holy Quran describes different stages for creation of human being. The present article is one part of a detailed and expanded research which focuses on the creation of human being. This is the second stage of the development of the embryo which includes coagulum, lu MoreThe holy Quran describes different stages for creation of human being. The present article is one part of a detailed and expanded research which focuses on the creation of human being. This is the second stage of the development of the embryo which includes coagulum, lump of the flesh and flesh. Each of these terms describes the exact condition of the embryo which starts in the third week and lasts until the eighth week ofthe pregnancy. The importance of the creation of the human being is so much that the holy Quran has a Sura called "Alaq (Coagulum)". The present article shows some part of the Quranic content in this regard while comparing them with related scientific findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Take a look at assisted reproductive technology using freezing
mina ramezani shokoh cheginiInfertility has long been considered one of the important medical issues which by the passage of time and advances of knowledge and technology, many therapeutic strategies have been acquired. In cases where there are no natural fertility methods, assisted reproductive t MoreInfertility has long been considered one of the important medical issues which by the passage of time and advances of knowledge and technology, many therapeutic strategies have been acquired. In cases where there are no natural fertility methods, assisted reproductive technologies are used. Researchers believe that the most common methods of fertility preservation, such as :Ovarian cortex, oocyte and embryo cryopreservation , depends on several parameters, including: the type of problem and treatment, the infertility cause and also the patient's age and marital status. Nowadays with the advances of medical science, infertile women or women with high risk of diseases such as cancer or who for various reasons postponed childbearing age can maintain their fertility using cryopreservation methods including egg, embryo and ovarian cortex freezing. Using these methods will be different based on the cause of infertility, infertile women conditions or specific diseases or cancer,. During the last years, vitrification techniques have been introduced as a clinical practice which constantly being reviewed, compared and changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Relationship between BPA Concentration Increasing and Changes of the Expression of Notch1-3 and Caspase 3/7 Genes in the Cumulus Cells of Infertile Women with Poor Ovarian Response
Somayeh Aftabsavad Zahra Noor Mohammadi Ashraf Moeini Morteza KarimipoorIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BPA concentration and alterations of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 genes expression in the cumulus cells of infertile women with poor ovarian stimulation response (POR) fol MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BPA concentration and alterations of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 genes expression in the cumulus cells of infertile women with poor ovarian stimulation response (POR) following the antagonist protocol.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study performed on 80 POR patients under 35 years of age, with 4-9 oocyte in puncture date, patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 40 POR women who used plastic containers and the second group consisted of 40 POR women who used less plastic containers. Changes in the expression of Notch and Caspase genes in cumulus cells were evaluated usingQ-PCR technique.Results: In the POR patients, the expression of Notch1-3 genes in the first group was significantly lower than the second group (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 genes in the first group was significantly higher than the second group (p<0.05).On the other hand, in both groups, was a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between the expression levels of Notch1-3, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 genes and quality of Oocytes. Also, concentration of BPA in the follicular fluids of the first group was higher compared to the second group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Alterations in the expression of Notch and Caspase genes in POR patients are associated with increased BPA concentration. Also, Increasing of the BPA concentration can be considered as an effective factor on the reducing of reproduction and oocyte growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effects Of Salinity on Hematological ParametersOf Asian See Bass (Lates calcarifer)
Maryam Yeganenasab Parvin Torabzadeh Naser HarzandiInroduction and Objective: Botox is the pure and ready form of Clostridium botulinum that now a days it is used for beautification usages and it has medical treatment for migraine headaches, seat diseases, chronic pelvic pain, urinary problems, excessively sweating. But MoreInroduction and Objective: Botox is the pure and ready form of Clostridium botulinum that now a days it is used for beautification usages and it has medical treatment for migraine headaches, seat diseases, chronic pelvic pain, urinary problems, excessively sweating. But it has been used unconsciously and in unsuitable time among majority of people specially among women, it has been decided to study teratogenic effects of BOTOX drug for a single dose of it on 3, 4, 5 and 6 pregnancy days and it`s results on 15th day on BALB/c mice embryos and because there isn`t any internal studies and all foreigner studies are few in number.Materials and Methods: After preparing the drug, its fatal dose with LD50 was determined in vivo conditions (12.22 mg/kg.bw) by regarding to the threshold dose, (3.55 mg/kg.bw) the experiments continued. In 3, 4, 5 and 6th gestation, injection was done as interaperitoneal on BALB/c mice. Simultaneously with experimental groups, 2 control and injected distilled water groups were regarded to compare the achievements. The experiments were repeated 3 times to get confidence about achievements and the data were studied by SPSS statistics software by ANOVA method.Results:Studying of results indicate that more embryos have abnormalities such as: hypodermic bleeding, hemorrhage in placenta, exoencephaly, exohepatic lesion, absence of limb, the limb malformation, polyps in hands, syndactyl on 3, 4, 5 and 6 pregnancy days.Conclusion: Results indicates not to use Botox in pregnancy period because of it`s indemnifiable effects such as making different abnormalities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Epigenetic effects of paraquat on development of preimplantation embryo
Hadiseh Beheshti Dafchahi Parastoo Vakili nezami Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi Najmeh RanjiThe first vital stage in the developmental program occurs at the time before implantation, after fertilization, and before implantation of the fetus in the uterus. This period represents a vulnerable stage because the epigenome undergoes dynamic changes in DNA met MoreThe first vital stage in the developmental program occurs at the time before implantation, after fertilization, and before implantation of the fetus in the uterus. This period represents a vulnerable stage because the epigenome undergoes dynamic changes in DNA methylation profiles. Changes in early embryonic reprogramming can disrupt DNA methylation patterns and cause permanent changes in the growth program, leading to the onset of adverse health outcomes in offspring. Although there are many evidences that exposure to harmful substances during embryonic development before implantation can cause lasting epigenetic changes in offspring, the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Since the physiological or pathological changes in DNA methylation can occur in response to environmental cues, a suitable environment plays an important role in fetal growth success. In this review article, we investigated the mechanisms involved in fetal epigenetic reprogramming during DNA methylation and maternal environmental stressors, such as the effects of paraquat herbicide during the pre-implantation stages of the embryo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparison of two methods of cutting off stamens and releasing Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) in controling carob moth of pomegranate Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell (Lep., pyrallidae)
E. karami A. Mirabzadeh Z. rafiai kerahroodi B. Tafaghodinia S. loniPomegranate Punica granatum (Punicaceae) is one of the most important orchard products in Iran. The most important pest of the fruit is Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell (Lep., Pyrallidae) that injured up to 80% of fruits. For controlling this pest three methods are used as: MorePomegranate Punica granatum (Punicaceae) is one of the most important orchard products in Iran. The most important pest of the fruit is Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell (Lep., Pyrallidae) that injured up to 80% of fruits. For controlling this pest three methods are used as: cutting off the stamens of pomegranate (the site of moth oviposition), biological control by releasing Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (parasitoid of eggs) and using a combination of the two methods. The study was included four treatments as cutting off the stamens of pomegranate, biological control by releasing T. embryophagum, using two methods together and control. Cutting off the stamens of pomegranate has done twice and releasing of Trichogramma 10 times with 10 days intervals from late Khordad. Twenty five trees from each garden were selected randomly at the harvesting time and percentage of infestation of …on each tree was calculated. The results showed significant difference between treatments. Comparison between treatments showed that the combination of cutting off the stamens and releasing wasps had the highest efficacy. that cutting off the stamens of pomegranate and finally releasing wasps for controlling this pest. Study economical aspects of three methods showed that releasing wasps method had the lowest and cutting off the stamens of pomegranate and releasing wasps together method had the highest expenses for control this pest but considering results of this study and efficacy of cutting off the stamens of pomegranate, it is recommended to use for controlling this pest in Saveh region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparison of Dissolution of Marriage Due to the Establishment of Consensual Consent after Marriage in Iranian and Egyptian Law
Hajar Moshayedi MohammadBagher Ameri Nia Ali Pour JavaheriThe annulment of marriage means that the marriage contract that was first correctly concluded is destroyed without the intention and will of the parties and according to the law; Therefore, the annulment of the marriage contract is a forced dissolution, which means that MoreThe annulment of marriage means that the marriage contract that was first correctly concluded is destroyed without the intention and will of the parties and according to the law; Therefore, the annulment of the marriage contract is a forced dissolution, which means that the marriage contract is automatically dissolved without the need for another legal action, and it does not leave the right of choice for the court and the parties to the contract, which, in the assumption of discussion, to establish a foster relationship after the marriage contract. Whether it is caused by breastfeeding, whether it is caused by renting a uterus, or receiving sperm, egg, or fetus, like other cases of annulment of the marriage contract, it causes the forced dissolution of the contract from the date of occurrence; Because the philosophy of banning maternal sexual immorality, which means the growth of flesh and the strengthening of bones, also exists in the case of the mother who owns the womb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Ability of Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in White Kashan and Red Rey Onions Cultivars (Allium cepa L.) Using Root - tip Culture under Invitro Conditions
A. Goravanchi S.A. Mousavi zade A.R. Motallebi Azar V. RashidiThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro ge MoreThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro germinated plants laied on four culture media (1mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D with 0/5mg/l kinetin, 1mg/l 2,4-D with 1mg/l kinetin) in darkness conditions. Subculture of samples was done after four weeks. The produced calluses were laied in embryogenic culture medium for 4 weeks and after formation of embryoes, they were put in plant regeneration culture medium for eight weeks. Result showed that callus induction percentage is affected significantly by cultivar and culture medium, but reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on callus induction percentage. Plant regeneration percentage and number of embryo per callus is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium and reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on plant regeneration percentage and number of embryoes per callus. Embryogenic callus percentage is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium had not meaningful effect on embryogenic callus percentage. Callus induction percentage, plant regeneration percentage, number of embryo per callus and embryogenic callus percentage, are higher in white Kashan cultivar in relation to red Rey one and in culture medium involving hormonal combination of 2,4-D and kinetin, application of 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D can be usful. Considering the callus induction percentage, embryogenic and plant regeneration percentage, white Kashan cultivar and culture medium containing 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D is appropriate as compared with other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Jurisprudential Meditations in the Age of the Spirit in the Fetus with Emphasis on Qur'anic Revelations
farideh tajfar Maryam Aqai Bejestani mohammad rohanyabstractJurisprudential Meditations in the Age of the Spirit in the Fetus with Emphasis on Qur'anic Revelations The insoul of spirit into the fetus is the beginning of the inhalation of the divine spirit in the human body, Which is legally the source of important works. MoreabstractJurisprudential Meditations in the Age of the Spirit in the Fetus with Emphasis on Qur'anic Revelations The insoul of spirit into the fetus is the beginning of the inhalation of the divine spirit in the human body, Which is legally the source of important works. Therefore, it is necessary to address the age of insoul of spirit into the fetus, That has been the subject of some religious law as well, and the scrutiny of the jurists seems necessary. Famous jurisprudents consider the age of the insoul of spirit into the fetus to be 4 months old. But there are opinions about five and six months. In this descriptive-analytical essay, the author, while examining the arguments of all subjects, considers Sheikh Mofid's theory of the insoul of spirit into the fetus to be strong at six months And by referring to the interpretative points of verses 12-14 of Surat al-Mumounon on the stages of creation, he brings the Sheikh's vote is close to reality.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the type of seed explant and carbon source on optimization of in vitro production of Festuca araundinacea callus
Matin Dolati Mostafa Khoshhal Sarmast Seyyed Javad MousavizadehTall fescue is an open pollinated cool season turf grass. Micropropagation and genetic transformation of monocot species have always experienced low genetic transformation efficiency. Therefore, evaluation of explant types and carbon source in media, likely through call MoreTall fescue is an open pollinated cool season turf grass. Micropropagation and genetic transformation of monocot species have always experienced low genetic transformation efficiency. Therefore, evaluation of explant types and carbon source in media, likely through callus optimization would lead to the genetic transformation improvement which is the goal of this experiment. After surface sterilization of tall fescue seeds, different seed explants with or without embryo, have used to evaluate callus induction ability. Normal sugar, maltose and equal amount of sugar and maltose were also used as a different source of carbon in a completely randomized design with three replications. Finally, embryogenic calli, induced to produce shoots in MS media supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.05 mg/L BA. The presence of embryo on explant is a necessity for callus induction. Explant without embryos which were cut differently failed to produce callus. The assessment of three carbon source during the course of multiplication under in vitro culture indicated that sucrose and maltose significantly improved total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in regenerated shoots while MS media with equal amount of both aforesaid carbon sources were not effective. The results gained in the present experiment indicated that embryo-contained cross section of seeds and using maltose was the best explant and the best carbon source for callus induction and shoot proliferation respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Somatic embryogenesis from stem segment of Hyoscyamus arachnoideus Pojark. and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of proteins during different stages of it
mahdis Ebrahimzadeh mehlgha Ghorbanli hasan EbrahimzadehThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation MoreThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation of this plant in a fast and cost-effective manner is very important. Somatic embryogenesis is a great help in this field. The aim of the current study is to gain knowledge about mechanism of somatic embryogenesis via protein changes' assessment in different stages of embryo formation. In this study stem culture on MS medium containing BAP and IAA lead to embryogenesis. Quantitative protein evaluation in different stages of embryo development showed changes in protein content. The qualitative evaluation of protein was performed using electrophoresis of two types of polyacryl amide gel in discontinued system (PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Molecular mass of peptide as well as peptide separated bonds were calculated, and it cleared that during embryogenesis different proteins and peptides undergo up-regulation, down-regulation and modulation. In addition, main and fundamental proteins and peptides were known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Feasibility Study of Laboratory Abortion in Criminal Law of Iran
Jamal BeigiIn vitro fertilization is one of the emerging issues in medical science, which is called laboratory embryo. In terms of the commonality of the in vitro embryo with the normal embryo, in addition to the obvious difference between the two, there are several legal question MoreIn vitro fertilization is one of the emerging issues in medical science, which is called laboratory embryo. In terms of the commonality of the in vitro embryo with the normal embryo, in addition to the obvious difference between the two, there are several legal questions about the rights and rulings of the in vitro embryo, including the rule of abortion in vitro fertilization. Until after the soul is breathed into it; That the life of a laboratory fetus, like the life of a natural fetus, has criminal protection and that abortion is a crime and requires the conviction of the perpetrator, the same punishment as a natural abortion; Therefore, the present article, with the aim of explaining the legal challenges and legal vacuum of criminalizing laboratory abortion in Iranian criminal law, by examining the reasons for the existing views, examines laboratory embryos with natural embryos in terms of criminal protection of the right to life and The possibility of criminalizing laboratory abortion is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - روشهای تعیین جنسیت جنین در پرورش گاو: مروری
و. ساچان ب. کومار جی. کومار آگراوال آ. کومار آ. ساکسنابخشهای مختلف پرورش چارپایان اهلی همانند صنایع گوشتی از تولید حیوانات نر سود میبرند، اگرچه صنایع لبنی از تولید شیر توسط حیوانات ماده سود میبرد. بنابراین، نیاز به تولید حیوانات دارای جنس مطلوب مورد نیاز است، اگرچه میتواند توسط پیش تعیین جنسیت جنین در رحم در زمان آبستن Moreبخشهای مختلف پرورش چارپایان اهلی همانند صنایع گوشتی از تولید حیوانات نر سود میبرند، اگرچه صنایع لبنی از تولید شیر توسط حیوانات ماده سود میبرد. بنابراین، نیاز به تولید حیوانات دارای جنس مطلوب مورد نیاز است، اگرچه میتواند توسط پیش تعیین جنسیت جنین در رحم در زمان آبستنی انجام شود، بدین معنی که پیشتعیین جنسیت ممکن است از اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی برخوردار باشد. کنترل نسبت جنسیت توسط پیشبینی جنسی رویان پیش از لانهگزینی سودمند خواهد بود، نه تنها در رابطه با جنبه مدیریتی، تولید و برنامههای پرورشی چارپایان اهلی، بلکه همچنین در تشخیص ناهنجاریهای ژنتیکی در مرحله قبل از تولد. تعیین جنسیت پیش از لانهگزینی رویانها نه تنها کارایی انتقال جنین را بهبود میدهد، بلکه همچنین انتقال جنینهای با جنسیت مطلوب را تسهیل میکند. اسپرم طبقهبندی شده جنسی یکی از تکنیکهای است که این نیاز را برآورده میکند اما بسیار گران و با کارایی کمتر است. مفهومی دیگر از حیوانات بهبود یافته ژنتیکی با جنس مطللوب تعیین جنسیت جنین است. تعیین جنسیت جنین پتانسیل بالایی برای حداکثرسازی بهرهوری تولید لبنی از طریق کنترل نسبت جنسیت گونههای اهلی دارد. روشهای بسیاری برای تعیین جنس جنین دستهبندی شده به عنوان تکنیکهای تهاجمی و غیر تهاجمی با کارایی و شایستگیهای متنوع وجود دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - اثر استفاده از فن آوری های تولیدمثلی در پیشرفت ژنتیکی گاوهای بومی سیستانی ایران: مطالعه شبیه سازی
ه. فرجی-آروق م. رکوعی ع. مقصودی م. مهری س. انصاری مهیاری ا. کریستین سورنسناثر تلقیح مصنوعی (AI)، انتقال جنین (ET) برای مادر نرها (BD) و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (SS) برای مادر گاوها (CD) با و بدون کنترل هم ­خونی با استفاده از شبیه ­سازی تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سه سطح انتقال جنین (بدون انتقال جنین، انتقال جنین برای کل مادر نرها و انتق Moreاثر تلقیح مصنوعی (AI)، انتقال جنین (ET) برای مادر نرها (BD) و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (SS) برای مادر گاوها (CD) با و بدون کنترل هم ­خونی با استفاده از شبیه ­سازی تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سه سطح انتقال جنین (بدون انتقال جنین، انتقال جنین برای کل مادر نرها و انتقال جنین برای 20 درصد مادر نرها)، پنج سطح اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (اسپرم معمولی، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم X برای کل و 20 درصد مادر گاوها، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم Y برای کل و 20 درصد مادر گاوها)، سه سطح تلقیح مصنوعی (بدون تلقیح مصنوعی، تلقیح مصنوعی برای 50 و 90 درصد گاوها) و دو سطح آمیزش (تصادفی و حداقل هم­تباری) باهم ترکیب شده و 66 راهبرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و ترکیب بدون تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم معمولی به عنوان گروه کنترل منظور گردید. جمعیت شبیه­ سازی شده شامل 40 گله 50 رأسی برای مدت 30 سال بود. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تکنیک­ های تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده نرخ سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل (TMI)، هم­ خونی و صحت انتخاب را افزایش دادند. در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، نرخ تغییرات سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل برای استفاده از تکنیک ­های تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و ترکیب سه تکنیک (تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده) به ترتیب 95/41، 91/36 و 91/83 درصد و تغییرات سالیانه هم­خونی به ترتیب 192، 57 و 207 درصد افزایش یافت. آمیزش با حداقل هم ­تباری هم­خونی را کاهش داد، اما بر پارامترهای دیگر تأثیری نداشت. نتایج پیشنهاد می­ کند که استفاده از انتقال جنین برای 20 درصد مادر نرها، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم Y برای کل مادر گاوها و تلقیح مصنوعی برای 90 درصد گاوها به تنهایی و در ترکیب با یکدیگر به همراه آمیزش حداقل هم ­تباری ممکن است منجر به پیشرفت ژنتیکی بیشتر و کمترین نرخ هم­ خونی شود. این فن­ آوریها و استراتژی کنترل هم ­خونی ممکن است نسبت تغییر سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل به تغییرات سالیانه هم­ خونی را افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Pancreatic Differentiation of Sox 17 Knock-in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Vitro
E. Chronowska -
Open Access Article
17 - Effects of Various Activators on Bovine Embryonic Development Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
K. Tasripoo K. Srisakwattana W. Nualchuen S. p Sophon -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of Oocyte Maturation Period on Developmental Rate and Sex ratio Distribution of in vitro Produced Bovine Embryos
H. Nazari N. Esfandabadi A. Shirazi A.M. Ahadi E. Ahmadi A. Safdarinejad -
Open Access Article
19 - Effects of Pre-Treatment with GnRH on the Efficiency of Superstimulatory Protocol in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
S. Singhal S. Prasad H. Singh M. Shukla J.K. Prasad -
Open Access Article
20 - اثر اسپرم تازه و منجمد ذخیره شده روی باروری آزمایشگاهی و توسعه بعدی جنینهای بز
اس. ساها ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر ال.ی. اسد آ.ام.ام.تی. رضا آ. هوکیواین مطالعه برای مقایسه راندمان اسپرم تازه و اسپرم منجمد یخ گشایی شده روی باروری آزمایشگاهی (IVF) تخمکهای بز انجام شد. مجموعههای اووسیتی مورد استفاده توسط مکش 2 الی 6 میلیلیتر از محتویات تخمدان از کشتارگاه بدست آمدند. در زمان درجهبندی اووسیتها، منحصراً مجموعه اووس Moreاین مطالعه برای مقایسه راندمان اسپرم تازه و اسپرم منجمد یخ گشایی شده روی باروری آزمایشگاهی (IVF) تخمکهای بز انجام شد. مجموعههای اووسیتی مورد استفاده توسط مکش 2 الی 6 میلیلیتر از محتویات تخمدان از کشتارگاه بدست آمدند. در زمان درجهبندی اووسیتها، منحصراً مجموعه اووسیتهای طبیعی برای 48 ساعت مورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفتند. مجموعههای اووسیتی رسیده به مرحله M-II، 97/1±41/61 درصد بود. مجموعههای اووسیتی بالغ برای 5 ساعت در محیطهای براکت و اولیفانت با استفاده از اسپرم تازه و اسپرم منجمد یخ گشایی شده به طور مجزا بارور شدند. بعد از باروری، تخمکها به مدت 48 ساعت برای مشاهده سرعت تقسیم پذیری کشت داده شدند. بلوغ، باروری و کشت در دمای 5/38 درجه سانتیگراد در یک انکوباتور حاوی 5 درصد دی اکسید کربن در هوای مرطوب انجام شد. بعد از باروری، سرعت تقسیم برای مناسب بودن تخمکها برای تبدیل به مرولا و بلاستوسیت مورد مشاهده قرار گرفتند. برای اسپرم تازه و منجمد میزان باروری طبیعی (اشکال دو هستهای) به ترتیب 58/2±02/36 و 58/2±73/34 درصد و سرعت تقسیم سلولی به ترتیب 5/2±19/25 و 8/2±01/21 درصد بودند. تفاوت معنیداری بین اسپرم تازه و منجمد در راندمان باروری آزمایشگاهی و توسعه بعدی جنینهای بز مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). نتیجه اینکه، هردو نوع اسپرم (هم تازه و هم منجمد) میتواند برای IVF و توسعه بعدی جنینهای بز استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - ارتباط بین وزن بدن، صفات بیضه و اندازه گیری خطی بدن بزهای نر سوکوتوی قرمز تغذیه شده با سطوح متفاوت پودر برگ سابار (Guiera senegalensis)
آ.آ ابراهیم ج. الییو ب. باباندی یو. ابراهیم آ. ب. امیناین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر پودر برگ ساباراروی وزن بدن، صفات بیضه و اندازه گیری های خطی بدن انجام شد. وزن بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه، طول بدن، محیط قفسه سینه، محیط پیرامونی بیضه و طول بیضه در بزهای نر سوکوتوی قرمز اندازه گیری شد. بزها در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تیمار و تکرار Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر پودر برگ ساباراروی وزن بدن، صفات بیضه و اندازه گیری های خطی بدن انجام شد. وزن بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه، طول بدن، محیط قفسه سینه، محیط پیرامونی بیضه و طول بیضه در بزهای نر سوکوتوی قرمز اندازه گیری شد. بزها در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تیمار و تکرار توزی شدند. پودر برگ سابارا در غلظت های 0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1، 2، 3 و 4 به بزهای نر تغذیه شدند. بزهای نر تغذیه شده با پودر برگ سابارا افزایش وزن بهتری را از خود در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان دادند (05/0>P). طول بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه و محیط پیرامونی بیضه تماماً با سطوح پودر برگ سابارا افزایش یافت. اگرچه بزهای نر تغذیه شده با 20 درصد پودر برگ سابارا سنگین وزن تر بودند، ولی محیط قفسه سینه و طول بیضه توسط تیمارهای جیره ای تاثیر نپذیرفت. تمامی همبستگی­های بین اندازه گیری­های بدن و بیضه مثبت و معنی دار بودند (01/0>P). بالاترین ضریب همبستگی بین محیط پیرامونی بیضه و وزن بدن یافت شد. می توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که استفاده از پودر برگ سابارا در سطوح 30-20 درصدی عملکرد رشدی بالاتری را برمبنای اندازه گیری های بدنی و بیضه بدون هیچ اثر منفی روی عملکرد تولید می کند. تحقیق بیشتری برای آزمون باروری قوچ های تغذیه شده با پودر برگ سابارا نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Effect of Tomato Waste Meal Diets on Egg Fertility, Hatchability, Embryonic Mortality, Chick’s Quality and Economic Assessment of White Leghorn Layers
K.Y. Ahmed S. Kumar M. Urge N. Ameha -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی انتخاب جنسیت هنگام آبستنی در پستانداران
جی. کوآمو اس.دی. خارچاگرچه مکانیسم­هایی که به واسطه آنها نسبت جنسیت در طبیعت کنترل می­شود ناشناخته باقی مانده است، محققان سعی میکنند تا به منظور از پیش تعیین نمودن جنسیت فرزند، اسپرم را مورد درمان قرار دهند. روش­های جداسازی اسپرم که به طور مکرر گزارش نموده­اند سبب جداسازی ب Moreاگرچه مکانیسم­هایی که به واسطه آنها نسبت جنسیت در طبیعت کنترل می­شود ناشناخته باقی مانده است، محققان سعی میکنند تا به منظور از پیش تعیین نمودن جنسیت فرزند، اسپرم را مورد درمان قرار دهند. روش­های جداسازی اسپرم که به طور مکرر گزارش نموده­اند سبب جداسازی بخش­های غنی از اسپرم­های حامل کروموزوم X یا Y می­شوند مشتمل بر روش­های فلوسیتومتری و استفاده از شیب غلظت آلبومین سرم هستند. فناوری فلوسیتومتری که برای جداسازی اسپرم­های حامل کروموزوم X و Y به بخش­های زنده استفاده می­شود بهبود یافته و تحقیقات نشان می­دهند که با توجه به قابلیت این روش برای ظرفیت­سازی اسپرم­های مرتب شده ممکن است به طور موفق برای اسپرم تازه در برنامه­های باروری درون آزمایشگاهی (IVP) به کار گرفته شود. در خصوص رویان­های تعیین جنسیت شده استفاده از واکنش زنجیره­ پلیمراز (PCR) خدمتی است که به وسیله برخی از تکنسین­های انتقال رویان ارایه شده است، ولی این روش نیاز به نیروی کاری زیادی داشته و پرهزینه است. بعلاوه، زندهمانی رویان­های بیوپسی شده در طی مراحل انجماد خیلی مناسب نیست. در آینده نزدیک، ممکن است روش­های سنجش PCR برای استفاده در زمینه از پیش تعیین نمودن جنسیت فرزندان در دسترس قرار گیرد. به همراه روش بلوغ درون آزمایشگاهی (IVM) و تکنیک­های باروری درون آزمایشگاهی (IVP) و انتقال رویان، این احتمال وجود دارد که اسپرم یا رویان تعیین جنسیت شده به طور گسترده و کارآمدی در پستانداران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد که در این حالت معمولاً به تعداد بالاتری اسپرم یا رویان نیاز می­باشد. برای اینکه از نظر اقتصادی نیز مقرون به صرفه باشد، روش تعیین جنسیت رویان باید دارای کارآیی بالا بوده، ساده و ارزان باشد. اگرچه بسیاری از پرورش­ دهندگان حیوانات مزرعه­ای متقاضی استفاده از روش تعیین جنسیت رویان هستند، هنوز استفاده گسترده از این تکنیک به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه صورت نگرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - ارزیابی شیمیایی و هیستوپاتولوژیکی در کبد جنین جوجههای تیمار شده با یک فرمولاسیون دلتامترین تجاری
ن. بهاسکر ل. شاهانیدر این مطالعه اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک دلتامترین با فرمولاسیون Decis® بر تکامل جنین Gallus domesticus بررسی شده است. تخم­های منجمد شده به مدت 60 دقیقه در دمای 37 درجه سلسیوس در سه غلظت مختلف دلتامترین (5/12، 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر) در زمان­های پیش از انکوباسی Moreدر این مطالعه اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک دلتامترین با فرمولاسیون Decis® بر تکامل جنین Gallus domesticus بررسی شده است. تخم­های منجمد شده به مدت 60 دقیقه در دمای 37 درجه سلسیوس در سه غلظت مختلف دلتامترین (5/12، 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر) در زمان­های پیش از انکوباسیون (0=ED) و روز چهارم انکوباسیون (4=ED) غوطه­ور شده و تا روز جنینی (16=ED) انکوباسیون گردیدند. تیمار 50 میلی­گرم دلتامترین در 0 =ED و 4 =ED به ­ترتیب کاهش معنی ­داری در محتوای پروتئین کل و گلیکوژن کل کبد نشان دادند. ولی محتوای گلوتاتیون در هر دو ED در همه غلظت­ها کاهش یافت. در بین آنزیم­ها، فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتاز کبدی به طور معنی­ داری در 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر دلتامترین در زمان­های 0 =ED و 4 =ED به طور معنی ­داری افزایش یافته ولی فعالیت گلوتامات پیرووات ترانس آمیناز تنها در غلظت 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر دلتامترین و و 4 =ED افزایش معنی ­داری نشان داد. در ارزیابی هیستوپاتولوژیکی، ضایعات سلولی متوسط تا زیاد در بخشهایی از کبد جنین­های تیمار شده با حشره­کش دیده شد. این نتایج نشان داد با افزایش بیشتر غلظت دلتامترین مورد استفاده، میزان اغلب این تغییرات نیز شدیدتر بود. تغییرات پاتولوژیکی مشاهده شده شامل دژنره شدن و نکروز سلول­های کبدی، واکوئله شدن سیتوپلاسمی، توسعه و پرخونی فضاهای سینوزوئید عدم فیلتراسیون لوکوسیت­ها و گشادی و پرخونی سیاهرگ میانی بودند. Manuscript profile -
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25 - تاثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره رازیانه بر عملکرد، جوجهدرآوری و ایمنی در مرغهای مادر گوشتی پس از تولکبری
م. کاظمی فرد ح. کرمانشاهی م. رضایی ا. گلیانبه منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره رازیانه و ویتامین D3بر عملکرد، جوجهدرآوری و خصوصیات کیفی جوجه با 360 مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 پس از تولک در 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار به مدت 8 هفته در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت آرایش فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل 3 سطح عصاره رازیانه ( Moreبه منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره رازیانه و ویتامین D3بر عملکرد، جوجهدرآوری و خصوصیات کیفی جوجه با 360 مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 پس از تولک در 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار به مدت 8 هفته در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت آرایش فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل 3 سطح عصاره رازیانه (0،50 و100 میلیگرم/ درکیلوگرم جیره) و 3 سطح ویتامین D3 (0، 3500 و 4200 واحد بینالملل/ درکیلوگرم جیره) از هفته 76 تا 84 آزمایش انجام شد. پرندهها ده هفته بعد از تولک (74 هفتگی) وزن و بهطور تصادفی در 36 قفس آزمایشی بهطوری که میانگین وزنی آنها نزدیک به هم بود توزین شدند. هر قفس شامل 10 مرغ و یک خروس بود. پرندهها از هفته 74 جیرههای آزمایشی را دریافت کردند. صفات عملکردی، روزانه، و صفات مربوط به کیفیت پوسته، هر 4 هفته یک بار ثبت و اندازهگیری شد. به منظور بررسی جوجهدرآوری، تخممرغهای قابل ارسال به جوجهکشی و جوجهدرآوری تخممرغهای بارور، جوجهدرآوری واقعی، تلفات جنینی، کیفیت جوجه، جنسیت جوجه، وزن جوجه، و راندمان تبدیل تخم به جوجه، سه بار و هر بار به مدت یک هفته تخممرغها جمعآوری و در ماشین جوجهکشی صنعتی به مدت 21 روز قرار گرفتند. به منظور اندازهگیری تیتر آنتیبادی آنفولانزا و نیوکاسل، 2 پرنده از هر واحد آزمایشی یک هفته درمیان خونگیری شدند. اضافه کردن عصاره رازیانه بهطور معنیداری تولید تخممرغ و کیفیت جوجه را افزایش داد. همچنین باعث بهبود تیتر آنتیبادی نیوکاسل در طول زمان شد (022/0P<). علاوه بر این، افزودن عصاره رازیانه به جیره به طور معنیداری از تخممرغهای کبوتری کاست (001/0P<). رنگ زرده تحت تاثیر افزودن ویتامین D3 در طول دوره آزمایش قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل عصاره رازیانه و ویتامین D3 بر تلفات جنینی معنیدار بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که اضافه کردن عصاره رازیانه به جیره باعث افزایش تولید، کیفیت جوجه، تیر آنتیبادی نیوکاسل و کاهش تخممرغهای دوزرده، و تخمکبوتری شد. افزایش ویتامین D3 به جیره باعث بهبود رنگ زرده تخممرغ بدون هیچ اثر منفی بر صفات عملکردی شد. Manuscript profile -
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26 - Genetic and Economic Aspects of Applying Embryo Transfer in Traditional and Genomic Evaluation in Iranian Holstein Dairy Cattle
آ. بوستان ا. نجاتی-جوارمی ا. رضوان نژاد ع. مجتهدین -
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27 - The effect of different hormone combinations on direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Agave americana
Maryam Nazir Shahab Sadat Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh -
Open Access Article
28 - القای کالوس و باززایی دو گونه داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium و C. coccineum) از طریق اندامزایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم و تحلیل پایداری ژنتیکی آنها با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی IRAP، ISSR و SCoT
Fardin Nasri Hedayat Zakizadeh Yavar Vafaee Ali Akbar Mozafariدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA د Moreدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA در غلظت­های صفر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر جهت القای اندام­زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی استفاده شد. جهت مطالعه القای کالوس و جنین زایی غیرجنسی، ریزنمونه­های جوان برگ بر روی محیط کشت MS حاوی BAP (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و 2و4-دی (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. باززایی مستقیم شاخه از ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و همچنین در گونه بومی C. coccineum مشاهده شد. بالاترین تعداد شاخه­ها از طریق اندام­زایی مستقیم (78/13 و 89/8 شاخه در هر ریزنمونه به ترتیب برای C. coccineumو ’هما‘) با 2 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 05/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA مشاهده شد. در هر دو گونه، بالاترین فراوانی تشکیل کالوس و جنین­زایی روی محیط کشت حاوی 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر 2و4-دی و 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر BAP بدست آمد. پایداری ژنتیکی 10 گیاه سازگار یافته حاصل از اندام­زایی مستقیم از هر گونه با استفاده از6 پرایمر از نشانگرهای مولکولی (IRAP, ISSR, SCoT) به اثبات رسید. در کل 56، 56 و 39 قطعه برای IRAP، ISSR و SCoT به­ترتیب تکثیر شدند. در کل، نتایج ما نشان داد که یافتن عکس­العمل بهتر ریزنمونه­ها به جنین­زایی یا اندام­زایی در یک رقم ویژه و با یک ترکیب هورمونی و غلظت­های آن­ها نقش مهمی را در کارآیی تکثیر درون شیشه­ای گونه­های داوودی، بازی می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Some Useful Information about Micropropagation
Behzad KavianiThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of MoreThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. In this article, maximum and minimum use of some basic issues concerned with plant tissue culture in vitro especially micropropagation such as types of explants, types of culture media, types of sterilizing agent for explants, types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for general studies of miro-propagation, shoot and root induction, somatic embryogenesis (SE) and callus induction have been considered. Maximal application for explants, culture media and sterilizing agent are single node, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and sodium hypochlorite (NAClO), respectively. BA and NAA are the most application among cytokinins (CKs) and auxins for general studies of miroprop-agation. Among all PGRs used for general studies of miropropagation, NAA is on the top. BA and IBA are the most use among CKs and auxins for shooting and rooting of explants, respectively. 2,4-D, NAA and TDZ are used more than the other PGRs for induction of SE. Among all types of auxins and CKs used as singular or in combination with them for callus induction, 2,4-D is at the top level. Combination of BA and NAA is the maximum for general studies of miropropagation. This review article can help to the future studies on micro-propagation due to the correct selection of the treatments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigation the structure of vegetative organs and development of reproductive organs of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss.
Mehdi Zarini Ahmad Majd Golnaz Tajadod Sedigheh Mehrabian Sayeh Jafari MarandiHaussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. Th MoreHaussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. The samples of vegetative and reproductive organs at different stages of development were gathered and investigated by cell-histology methods. The investigation of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs showed that the secretory cavity are arranged between the parenchymal tissues of the leaf. Section of flower buds revealed that anthers had 4 pollen sacs, the division of pollen mother cell was of the simultaneous type, microspore tetrads were of tetragonal type and the tapetum layer was secretory. The ovary was found to be two chambered and two-carpeled; the ovule to be anatropous and to have one membrane. In embryogenic investigationit was found that the embryos were globular, cordate, cotyledonary and torpedo-shaped and the transition between globular embryos to cordate embryos was found. The vegetative organs were observed to have the general structure of dicotyledons. The development patterns of ovule and embryo sac follow the Polygonum type. Tetrahedral, Tetragonal and Liner microspore tetrads were observed. All stages of embryogenesis were covered in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study on pollen grain and ovule developmental properties in Salvia verticillata L. collected from different regions of Iran
maryam kameli Ahmad Majd Seyed Mohsen Hesamzadeh Hejazi Mehdi Mirza Taher NejadsattariIn botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were re MoreIn botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA, stored in70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slides from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. On the basis of this research results, ovule was anatropous, bitegumic and tenuinucellate. The development of the embryo sac followed the mono-sporic, polygonum type. After the meiosis, megaspore tetrads had linear arrangement. First, embryo sac was very small, so that its nuclei were compressed linearly but in maturation progress, embryo sac sustained longitude growth considerably. The anther was bisporangia. In S. verticillata, the tapetum was plasmodial and secretory with tetra- nucleate and bi-nucleate cells. In species microspore tetrads were observed with tetrahedral and tetragonal arrangement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Comparison of Ginger(Zingiber officinale) Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Viability of Cancer Cells and Embryonic Fibroblast Cells
Elham Hoveizi Tayebeh MohammadiLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Ginger is an edible and medicinal plant having important health benefits including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on MoreLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Ginger is an edible and medicinal plant having important health benefits including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on lung cancer cells and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Human lung cancer cell line A459 and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of ginger extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1800 and 2000 µg/ml had killed both of cells at 72 hours after treatment and caused morphological changes in cells which were more obviously in cancer cells. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1800 and 2000 µg/ml killed cancer cells more than embryonic cells(P<0.05). Cytotoxicity effect of ginger on lung cancer cells was more than its effect on normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts and can be regarded as a safe anticancer medicine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of the effect of microgravity on the development of central vein in liver of rat embryos and therapeutic effect of folic acid
Pooneh Rahimi-nia Shiva Nasiraei-Moghadam Mahnaz Azarnia Zahra HajebrahimiMicrogravity has many effects on the physiological systems. Studying these changes is useful to help astronauts, improve human life and to answer biology questions. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of microgravity on the development of central vein MoreMicrogravity has many effects on the physiological systems. Studying these changes is useful to help astronauts, improve human life and to answer biology questions. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of microgravity on the development of central vein in rat embryos and therapeatic effect of folic acid. Fertilization animals were randomly divided into five groups: control group, the first experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the second experimental group who received an edible daily dose of Folic acid (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the third experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 1-19.5 of pregnancy), the fourth experimental group who received Folic acid and exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy). Hindlimb unloading model was used to establish ground-based-model of microgravity. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryo was removed, fixed, stained using H&E, and studied under the microscope. Data analyzed using SPSS and One-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The results indicated that exposure to microgravity can produce abnormal central vein. Although folic acid consumption alone does not show a meaningful impact, its consumption combined with microgravity can improve central vein morphology that suggests no need for folic acid in normal condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - -The effect of various growth regulator compounds on gynogenesis of Allium ampeloprasum Taree group in vitro
Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Sepideh Kalateh Jari Kambiz Larijani Faezeh GhanatiPersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conduct MorePersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4,2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12.81 %) and regeneration (12.6%). The highest percentage of callus (0.51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0.16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2.35%), 972 regenerate (97.1%) and 946 plants (94.5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2.4.D. in Guilan accession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The effect of warfarin on the development of male rat offspring cerebellum
Mino Mahmoodi Mona Baroodabi Siyamak ShahidiWarfarin is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed for treating cardio-vascular disorder. It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K- dependent factors. As it can easily pass through the placenta, have unwilling effects on embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ef MoreWarfarin is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed for treating cardio-vascular disorder. It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K- dependent factors. As it can easily pass through the placenta, have unwilling effects on embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warfarin on the brain development of rat's offspring. In this study, 30 pregnant wistar rats were randomly divided in 5 groups, control, receiving normal saline, and receiving warfarin in doses at 0.25, 0.5, 0.65 ml/kg during days 14 – 18 of gestation by gavages. 40 days after birth, 6 male newborn were randomly selected in each groups. After anesthesia, serial cross sections of the left hemisphere of the brain were prepared and histological studies were done. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Comparative study on the developmental stages of reproductive organs (ovule and pollen grains) of Origanum vulgare L.
Somayeh Tahmasebi Ahmad Majd Ali Mehrafarin Parisa JonoubiIn botanical science developmental and embryological studies are especially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in an Origanum genuse, Origanum vulgare. The flower and buds in different developmental stages were rem MoreIn botanical science developmental and embryological studies are especially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in an Origanum genuse, Origanum vulgare. The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in F.A.A, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slided from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. The results showed that ovaries were hypogyny type and have four loccules with axile type of placentation. In every locules one ovule, and in embryo sac globular, heart shape, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. In the anther wall four layers were observed: epiderm, middle layer, mechanical layer and tapetum (from outer to inner layer). In the early stage of pollen development, tapetum was secretory layer then in the late pollen developmental stages becom plasmodium. Tetrads were tetrahedral type. Mature Pollen grains in equatorial view were elongated, elliptic to rectangular-obtuse, and in polar view they were spheroidal, hexahedron-obtuse or hexahedron. The pollen grains were 6-pericolpate that stretches along the equatorial face and narrowing at the poles. The ornamentation of exine surface was reticulate-faveolate. The P/E ratio (Polar axis/Equatorial axis) was 1.13. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - In vitro Culture of Immature Embryos of Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.)
Mohammad Mahmoudi Meymand Barbara Ruffoni Carlo Mascarello Marco Savona Mohammad Shamshiri Khalil Malekzadeh -
Open Access Article
38 - Study of Somatic Embryogenesis Potential of Male Florets and Pistillate Flowers of Persian Walnut (Juglansregia L.)
M. Farsi K. Vahdati M. Lotfi D. Hassani M. Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Doxorubicin on Viability and Morphology of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes
Marziyeh Shalchi Tousi Houri Sepehri -
Open Access Article
40 - Toxicity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Histological Changes of Heart and Embryo Tissues in Pregnant Mice (NMRI)
Bagher Seyedalipour Ameneh Arefifar Ramezan Khanbabaee Masumeh Oshrieh -
Open Access Article
41 - TThe Biological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ephedra major on the Development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos 7Th to 10Th Days of Pregnancy
S. Saffari P. Torabzadeh S.M. Mousavi DohooiiAqueous extract of Ephedra major used as a drug for blood pleasure, sleep disorder and lose weight. But it is effects on the body especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of aqueous extract of Ephedra major on the dev MoreAqueous extract of Ephedra major used as a drug for blood pleasure, sleep disorder and lose weight. But it is effects on the body especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of aqueous extract of Ephedra major on the development Balb.C mouse embryos 7Th to 10Th days of pregnancy. In this study 50 female Balb.C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups including: control group (non- injection), sham group (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. Lethal dose of LD50 was determined in condition of 3086 mg.kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 300 mg.kg.bw. Injection was done on the seventh to tenth days by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS21 software and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effects of Diazinon on the Development of Balb/C Mice Embryos in 3th to 6th Days of Pregnancy
S. Rastgar Gharahshiran P. Torabzadeh S. SaffariDiazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But it is effects on the embryo especial MoreDiazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But it is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of pesticide diazinon on the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days of pregnancy. In this study 90 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and sham (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. The lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 11.09 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on mouse embryos 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Tratogenic Effect of Antidepressant Drug, Imipramine Hydrochloride on the Embryos of NMRI Mice
عبدالحسین شیروی زهرا توپالImipramine hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug used widely for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Action is via inhibition of uptake of serotonin and nor epinephrine at presynaptic nerve terminals. Several malformations in human, mainly neural tube defects, re MoreImipramine hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug used widely for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Action is via inhibition of uptake of serotonin and nor epinephrine at presynaptic nerve terminals. Several malformations in human, mainly neural tube defects, reduction growth, increase of embryo resorbtion and increase of seizure and mother death. Results show that with increase of dose mean crown – rump and weight of the fetuses in three experimental groups were significantly reduced compared with those of the control groups. Furthermore mean of embryo resorbtion were significantly increase compared with control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of Embryonic Cartilaginous Tissue Extract on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts
مرضیه رمضانی رمضان خان بابایی ویدا حجتیAllstem cells are originated from both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The most important adult stemcellsaremesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cellsare pluripotentandnon-hematopoietic cellswithahighdifferentiation potential.There arein thebone marrowand MoreAllstem cells are originated from both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The most important adult stemcellsaremesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cellsare pluripotentandnon-hematopoietic cellswithahighdifferentiation potential.There arein thebone marrowand otherskeletal tissues.Mesenchymalstem cellsderivedfrombone marroware capabledifferentiationto osteoblast, osteocyte,adipocyte, chondrocyte, tendonsand muscle cells underin vivoandin vitro.In vitro osteoblastic differentiation needs to a variety of factors, which creates condition similar to bone tissue microenvironment. In this study, the effects of embryonic cartilaginous tissue extract was studied to differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from mice bone marrow and cultured in flasks containing DMEM-F12, 100 andmu;g/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10% FBS.Mesenchymal stem cellswerepurifiedbyseveral passages, then cellswere affectedby 15day mouse cartilaginous tissue extraction. After21 days ofculture, Alizarin Red staining was usedfor the detection ofosteoblasticcells.Aftereffect of extraction, spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cellschange theirshapeAndmany appendages was observedincells. Alizarin Red staining has shown osteoblasticdifferentiation ofmesenchymal stem cells.Also osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells has confirmed morphogenic and osteogenic factors at cartilaginous tissue extracts of 15-day mouse embryo. Theresults express of osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.Therefore, it is used in vitro models of osteoblast differentiation and genetic diseases of bone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Study ofEmbryonic Development and Hatching Squid Prawns (Sepiapharaonis) in the Oman Sea (Chabahar) ر
میثم گلزار تورج ولی نسب محمود حافظیه منصوره غلامیIn this study, to ensure stages of embryonic development Pharaoh’s Cuttlefish (Sepiapharaonis) was performed at Oman Sea waters The Pharaoh’s Cuttlefish egg clusters was collected from rocky and sandy beaches of the Oman sea and was restrained in the off sho MoreIn this study, to ensure stages of embryonic development Pharaoh’s Cuttlefish (Sepiapharaonis) was performed at Oman Sea waters The Pharaoh’s Cuttlefish egg clusters was collected from rocky and sandy beaches of the Oman sea and was restrained in the off shore fisheries research center- Chabahar and Stagesof embryonic developmentWere examined. Each cluster contains 100-150 eggs. In this study hatch period was recordedbetween 28 3 days. The animal pole formed 36 hours after spawning. The first outstandingand visible members of Embryowere eyes and the mantel. In the final stages, body surface chromatophore developed. ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Effect ofAqueous Extract of Borage (Anchusa italica) on Abortion in Syrian Mice FemaleWistar
آرزو زنگنه شهلا روزبهانی رامش منجمیBorage(Anchusa italica) belongs to the Boragynaceae Family. These plants contain fatty acids, seed oils, and chemical compounds.Any uterine bleeding associated with closed uterine cervix and bloody discharge in the first half of pregnancy is called a threatened to abort MoreBorage(Anchusa italica) belongs to the Boragynaceae Family. These plants contain fatty acids, seed oils, and chemical compounds.Any uterine bleeding associated with closed uterine cervix and bloody discharge in the first half of pregnancy is called a threatened to abortion, and in 50% of cases results in abortion.In this study, 30 female Wistar rats after mating and pregnancy that identified by vaginal plagues, were randomly divided into 5 groups:Acontrol group received normal saline intraperitoneally and 4 treatment groups receiving aqueous extract of borage with concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg.Injection for 5 days after day 7 of pregnancy was donedaily, and cesarean section was performed on day 16 of pregnancy.The number of absorbed embryos was considered as the abortionThe resultswere analyzedusingSPSS software.The resultsof the study showed that injections of extracts of borage effected on a number of absorbed embryos and the difference is statistically significant (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effect of Movento Insecticide on the Fertility Rate in Male Balb/c Mice
Ghodrat Ebadi ManasToday, due to the indiscriminate use of poisons and the resistance of pests to them, new types of poisons are produced every year. Movento is the latest insecticide that is used in pistachio orchards to control the psyllid pest, whose side effects on the reproductive sy MoreToday, due to the indiscriminate use of poisons and the resistance of pests to them, new types of poisons are produced every year. Movento is the latest insecticide that is used in pistachio orchards to control the psyllid pest, whose side effects on the reproductive system have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Movento on fertility in Balb/c mice. In this study, 18 adult and healthy male Balb/c mice were prepared and kept under standard conditions. Each group consisted of 9 mice. Mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 79 mg/kg Movento and the control group received the same amount of distilled water daily for 60 days through oral gavage. At the end of the study, the mice were euthanized by injecting a mixture of xylazine and ketamine. Epididymal tail of the testes of mice was separated and placed in HTF culture medium. The parameters of sperm count, sperm viability, DNA damage of sperm, immature sperms and fertilization ability of sperms and blastocyst were evaluated. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by ANOVA method. The findings showed that sperm viability, the percentage of fertilized oocytes, two-celled and four-celled embryos, and the number of blastocysts were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control. Also, sperms count in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased but was not significant. However, immature sperms and DNA damage of sperm in the experimental group was increased compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that Movento poison reduces fertility in mice by DNA damage of sperm and chromatin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effects of Cadmium on Embryonic Developmental in Balb/c Mice
Ghodrat Ebadi ManasCadmium belongs to the group of heavy metals and is one of the most important environmental pollutants that enters the body of living organisms in different ways and causes damage to them. So far, many studies have been conducted on the dangers of cadmium on living orga MoreCadmium belongs to the group of heavy metals and is one of the most important environmental pollutants that enters the body of living organisms in different ways and causes damage to them. So far, many studies have been conducted on the dangers of cadmium on living organisms, but no study has been conducted on the teratogenic effects of cadmium on mice. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to study the teratogenic effects of cadmium on different stages of the embryonic development of Balb/c mice. In this study, 40 Balb/c mice with a weight range of 26±4 g were used. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group have 10 mice. Experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, received doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/g of cadmium with a volume of 0.1 ml, and the control group received the same volume of distilled water daily orally. The results of the study analyzed by ANOVA method. The rsults showed: The number of mice embryos, the number of live embryos, the length of the hind limbs, the length of the front limbs, the length of the tail, the length of the cephalo-caudal embryos and the weight of the embryos were reduced in compared to the control group but the number of reabsorbed embryos, the number of abnormal embryos, compared to the control group, it has increased significantly. Therefore, cadmium has a teratogenic effect on the different stages of embryo development of Balb/c mice and causes various morphological abnormalities in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Hypoxia Condition on NMRI Mouse Two-cell Embryo Development
D. Bagheri M. Dashtizad M. Daliri E. Hashemi A. Rahim TayefehMany factors can influence the quality of embryos produced in vitro. Oxygen concentration is one of these environment parameters, which its high level can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing detrimental effects on embryo. Pronuclear stage is t MoreMany factors can influence the quality of embryos produced in vitro. Oxygen concentration is one of these environment parameters, which its high level can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing detrimental effects on embryo. Pronuclear stage is the critical time of embryo development, affected by oxygen toxicity more than other stages, so that destructive impacts of oxygen may disappear when in vitro culture initiates from next stages. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of two-oxygen concentration, atmospheric (20% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) on development of 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. Two-cell embryos were divided randomly into 2 groups including hypoxic and atmospheric groups and were cultured to the blastocyst stage under mentioned conditions. Finally, the blastocysts quality was evaluated in terms of blastocyst formation, hatching rate, cell number and implantation rate after embryo transfer. The results showed a significant increase in the blastocyst formation, hatching and implantation rates in the hypoxic group compared to atmospheric one (P<0.05). Furthermore, total cell number and inner cell mass (ICM)/total cell number were improved in hypoxic group (P<0.05). Our results not only highlighted the fact that hypoxia condition can support embryo development better than atmospheric one, but also showed that contrary to the last reports, destructive effect of oxygen could affect the quality of mouse embryos during all developmental stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Assessment of the Teratogenic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Lavandula angustifolia on BALB/c Female Mouse's Embryos in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Days of Gestation
Z. Sarhadi P. Torabzadeh M. RamezaniLavender has numerous effects such as analgesic, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, sedative and antioxidant properties and causes menstruation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia on the develo MoreLavender has numerous effects such as analgesic, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, sedative and antioxidant properties and causes menstruation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia on the development of BALB/c female mouse's embryos in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days of gestation. In this study, 60 adult female mice, weighing 26-28g, were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 samples each (n = 10) including the control and the sham groups and four experimental groups, after copulation and observation of vaginal plaque, and Lavender aqueous extract was injected intraperitoneally in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days of gestation with the dose of 15 mg/kg mouse weight. Mice were anesthetized on day 16 of gestation. After dissection, the embryos were morphologically examined and the relevant histograms and charts were prepared. The results were assessed by using SPSS 23 software and one-way ANOVA test and Tukey test. The test significance levels were considered as p < 0.001 and p < 0.05. In the study, severe abnormalities including limb displacement from symmetry axis, encephalocele and no brain development, scoliosis, hemorrhage, spinal cord protrusion, eye protrusion, lack of limb, ear and eye development and exohepatic development was observed in embryos while the control and the sham groups had no abnormalities. The rate of limb displacement from symmetry axis and hemorrhage in the experimental group No. 4 were 100% and 96%, respectively, and in the experimental group No. 3, the hemorrhage abnormality was 70% and in the experimental group No. 2, limb displacement from symmetry axis was 55%. The results indicated that the aqueous extract of Lavender can cause abnormalities in mouse embryos due to its linalool composition, thus it is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Teratogenic Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the Development of BALB/c Mouse Embryos 3Th to 6Th Days of Pregnancy
S. Rastgar Gharahshiran P. Torabzadeh S. SaffariChlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Theref MoreChlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore, in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of BALB/c mouse embryos 3rd to 6thd of pregnancy. In this study, 50 female BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups a control group (non-injection: 5 mice) and witness (injection of saline: 5 mice) and 4 experimental groups (each group: 10 mice). A lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 25.32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the 3rd to 6th d of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse was sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy. For security of results above experiences was repeated 2 times. Data were checked with SPSS 17 software by percentage. After a comparative study at this dose has been observed a significant increase, extrahepatic, exencephaly, syndactyly, having a defect in dynamic organs (legs and hands), extensive bleeding in whole body and exophthalmia were compared with control and witness groups.According to the findings, negative effects of Chlorpyrifos use as pesticides in agricultural products. On the mouse embryos, it is recommended to protect the environment and human health, especially pregnant women use of non-chemical methods to control pests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Study of the Effects of Diazinon on Histomorphometrical Changes of Hippocampus in the Balb/c Mouse Embryo
Mahsa Momayez Haghighi Shiva Nasiraei moghadam Mehrangiz SadoughiDiazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphome MoreDiazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphometrical changes of hippocampus in the small laboratory Balb/c mouse embryo. Twenty-five adult laboratory female Balb/c mice were equally divided into five groups of 5. The control group received no diazinon. The sham A and B groups received emulsifier at doses of 0/52 and 5.2 microliter in volume unit (5000cm3 in desiccator), respectively, and the experimental groups A and B received inhaled diazinon at doses of 1/3 and 13 microliter in the volume unit, respectively from day 7 until 18 of gestation every other day. The mice were killed on gestation day 18 and the embryos were removed from the animal's body and examined in terms of the appearance. After the embryos were fixed and processed, the 5-micrometer sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) technique and the histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus were investigated. The mean thickness of various hippocampus layers of CA1, CA2, and CA3 decreased in experimental groups A and B. The mean number of cells count in different layers of hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased in experimental groups A and B. Diazinon inhalation at high doses (13 microliters in volume unit) seems to be able to cause histological changes in the evolution process of hippocampus in pregnant mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Callus induction and regeneration of bread wheat cultivars and barley from mature embryo explants
Ali Akbar Gholami Alireza TarinejadIn this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth re MoreIn this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used to regenerate the ML1R3 medium containing three levels of Kin and BAP growth regulators. For callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used for regeneration of ML1R3 medium containing different levels of BAP and Kin growth regulator. The callus evaluation of different wheat varieties showed that the highest amount of callus related to the CD-9 (79.55%) line and also at different levels of the Thorrod growth regulator had the highest level of callus induction 2.4 mg / L( 77/58%). Evaluation of regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that the highest reproductive rate related to CD-9 line (20.66%), as well as in different culture media, had the highest regeneration rate of 2 mg / L Kin Kinseed medium (27.22% ) Was. The results of callus evaluation of different barley varieties showed that the highest amount of callus induction related to Afzal cultivar (65.33%), as well as at different levels of Growth regulator, had the highest level of callus induction related to 3.5 mg / L (66 / 50%). The highest regeneration rate of Afzal cultivar (13.55%) and also in different culture media had the highest reproduction rate of 2 mg / L BAP (20%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Teratogenic Effects Pesticide of Diazinon On the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos 3Th to 6Th Days Of Pregnancy
safoora saffari Parvin Torabzadeh Saba Rastgar GharahshiranIntroduction:Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, Because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But It is effects on the em MoreIntroduction:Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, Because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed.Therefore in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Diazinon on the development of Balb/C mouse embryos 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy.Material and Method:In this study 50 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group(non-injection:5mice) and witess(injection of saline:5mice) and 4 experimental groups(each group: 10 mice).A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 11.09 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw.Injection was done on the 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy by enema Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times.Data was checked with SPSS17 software and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Biological Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos On the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days Of Pregnancy
safoora saffari Parvin Torabzadeh Saba Rastgar gharahshiranIntroduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been MoreIntroduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed, . Therefore in study The Biological effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of Balb/C mouse embryos Third to Sixth days of pregnancy.Material and Method: In this study 90 female Balb/C mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and witess (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 25/32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0/4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the Third to Sixth days of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software with ANOVA and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effects of Lavandula officinalis aqueous extract on fertility and embryo Balb/C mouse
fatemeh soheili parvin Torabzadeh safoora saffariIntroduction: In addition to the sedative properties of Lavandula officinalis aqueous extract, it has antimicrobial properties. However, its effect on fertility has not been reviewed yet. Therefore in this study the effect of Lavandula officinalis aqueous extract on fer MoreIntroduction: In addition to the sedative properties of Lavandula officinalis aqueous extract, it has antimicrobial properties. However, its effect on fertility has not been reviewed yet. Therefore in this study the effect of Lavandula officinalis aqueous extract on fertility and embryo Balb/C mouse was investigated.Material and Method: After preparation of aqueous extract, experiments was on 65 mice with selected doses: 6 (group1:15mice), 12 (group2:15mice), 18 (group3:15mice) g/kg.bw. Interperitoneally injections were done for 12 days. Results were compared with the control group (non-injection) and sham (injection of normal saline). For reliability of above results, experiences were repeated 3 times. Data was checked with SPSS 20.0 software and Duncan post test and ANOVA subject to (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Ephedra major on Balb/C mouse embryos third to sixth days of pregnancy
safoora saffari parvin Torabzadeh Ali KarimiIntroduction: Ephedra major plant in traditional medicine is used loss weight, blood pleasure treatment, common cold and muscular weakness. But effects on the body especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore in study the teratogenic effects of aqueous e MoreIntroduction: Ephedra major plant in traditional medicine is used loss weight, blood pleasure treatment, common cold and muscular weakness. But effects on the body especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore in study the teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Ephedra major on Balb/C mouse embryos third to sixth days of pregnancy has been reviewed. Materials and methods: In this study 50 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups a control group (non-injection: 5 mice) and witess (injection of Physiology serum: 5 mice) and 4 experimental groups (each of 10 mice). A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 3086 mg/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 500, 300 mg/kg.bw. Injection was done on the third to sixth days by enema and mice were sacrificed on fifteenth day of pregnancy. ANOVA statistical method was used and SPSS21 was used for diagramming software and to compare groups of Duncan test was used with significant condition P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the effect of growth regulators on callusing and Somatic Embryogenesis of of Pekan variety walnut under in vitro conditions
mohammad dali mohammad motamedi Shahab SadaWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this r MoreWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this research, fresh branches of Pekan variety walnut trees were separated and transferred to the laboratory. For sterilization, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis, three experiments were performed with different treatments. Six sterilization treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replications were considered for this research. In order to obtain callus, DKW culture medium was considered as the basic culture medium. 8 treatments of callus formation were investigated in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. In order to achieve indirect somatic embryogenesis, different combinations of TDZ and NAA were investigated in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. The results of analysis of variance of sterilization data indicated the existence of a significant difference between the mentioned treatments. The results of sterilization treatments showed 20% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes along with 70% alcohol for 15 seconds as the best result for sterilization of explants. DKW medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the best result in callus formation. TDZ in the amount of 6 μM along with NAA in the amount of 0.2 μM had the best results in the embryogenesis of the resulting callus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Examining the verdict of simulation therapy from the point of view of Shia and Hanafi jurisprudents
sayed askari Hosseini Moghadam alireza safari عباس عرب خزائلی Sayed Ali Hashmi Khan AbbasiAmong the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining ste MoreAmong the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining stem cells from laboratory embryos, which is the basis of therapeutic simulation, is desirable in Islamic jurisprudence for some and rejected by others. Accordingly, in this study, we intend to use the Islamic rules in a comparative comparison to analyze and analyze therapeutic simulation in terms of the jurisprudence of Islamic religions. The research method of this article is descriptive analysis. Research information has also been collected in a library. Findings show that famous Shiite and Sunni jurists agree in this regard and consider the use of this treatment technique as a step towards a deeper understanding of the hidden traditions of the universe and based on the principle of immorality and permission, accept it according to the principles. And they consider the claim of impermissibility to be justified. Manuscript profile
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