تاثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره رازیانه بر عملکرد، جوجه‌درآوری و ایمنی در مرغ‌های مادر گوشتی پس از تولکبری

Subject Areas : Camel

م.  کاظمی فرد ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)
ح.  کرمانشاهی ² (The Excellence Center for Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
م.  رضایی ³ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)
ا.  گلیان ⁴ (The Excellence Center for Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)

Received: 2012-09-25 Accepted : 2012-12-31 Published : 2013-12-01

Keywords: مرغ مادرگوشتی, تلفات جنینی, عصاره رازیانه, جوجه درآوری, ویتامین D3,

Abstract :

به منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره رازیانه و ویتامین  D3بر عملکرد، جوجه‌درآوری و خصوصیات کیفی جوجه با 360 مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 پس از تولک در 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار به مدت 8 هفته در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت آرایش فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل 3 سطح عصاره رازیانه (0،50 و100 میلی‌گرم/ درکیلوگرم جیره) و 3 سطح ویتامین D3 (0، 3500 و 4200 واحد بین‌الملل/ درکیلوگرم جیره) از هفته 76 تا 84 آزمایش انجام شد. پرنده‌ها ده هفته بعد از تولک (74 هفتگی) وزن و به‌طور تصادفی در 36 قفس آزمایشی به‌طوری که میانگین وزنی آنها نزدیک به هم بود توزین شدند. هر قفس شامل 10 مرغ و یک خروس بود. پرنده‌ها از هفته 74 جیره‌های آزمایشی را دریافت کردند. صفات عملکردی، روزانه، و صفات مربوط به کیفیت پوسته، هر 4 هفته یک بار ثبت و اندازه‌گیری شد. به منظور بررسی جوجه‌درآوری، تخم‌مرغ‌های قابل ارسال به جوجه‌کشی و جوجه‌درآوری تخم‌مرغ‌های بارور، جوجه‌درآوری واقعی، تلفات جنینی، کیفیت جوجه، جنسیت جوجه، وزن جوجه، و راندمان تبدیل تخم به جوجه، سه بار و هر بار به مدت یک هفته تخم‌مرغ‌ها جمع‌آوری و در ماشین جوجه‌کشی صنعتی به مدت 21 روز قرار گرفتند. به منظور اندازه‌گیری تیتر آنتی‌بادی آنفولانزا و نیوکاسل، 2 پرنده از هر واحد آزمایشی یک هفته درمیان خون‌گیری شدند. اضافه کردن عصاره رازیانه به‌طور معنی‌داری تولید تخم‌مرغ و کیفیت جوجه را افزایش داد. همچنین باعث بهبود تیتر آنتی‌بادی نیوکاسل در طول زمان شد (022/0P<). علاوه بر این، افزودن عصاره رازیانه به جیره به طور معنی‌داری از تخم‌مرغ‌های کبوتری کاست (001/0P<). رنگ زرده تحت تاثیر افزودن ویتامین D3 در طول دوره آزمایش قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل عصاره رازیانه و ویتامین D3 بر تلفات جنینی معنی‌دار بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که اضافه کردن عصاره رازیانه به جیره باعث افزایش تولید، کیفیت جوجه، تیر آنتی‌بادی نیوکاسل و کاهش تخم‌مرغ‌های دو‌زرده، و تخم‌کبوتری شد. افزایش ویتامین D3 به جیره باعث بهبود رنگ زرده تخم‌مرغ بدون هیچ اثر منفی بر صفات عملکردی شد.

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