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Open Access Article
1 - Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5)
Seyedeh Asma Hosseini -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Prediction of Social Anxiety Disorder in Students
Ali Mashhadi Abdollah Ghasempour Ebrahim Akbari Reza Ilbaygi Shahnaz HassanzadehThe purpose of this research was to determine the role of anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation in prediction of social anxiety disorder in students. In this descriptive correlation study, 317 students (220 men & 97 women) From all section of Mohaghegh Ardabili U MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the role of anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation in prediction of social anxiety disorder in students. In this descriptive correlation study, 317 students (220 men & 97 women) From all section of Mohaghegh Ardabili University all Sections during 2010-2011 ) 1389- 90.s.c ( were selected by available sampling method and filled the questionnaires of anxiety thoughts (Wells, 1994), emotion regulation (Gross and John, 2003) and anxiety sensitivity (Reiss et al, 1986). The results of analysis of regression showed that reappraisal as an emotional regulation component negatively and significantly and anxiety sensitivity positively and significantly predict social anxiety in students (P < 0 . 001). The findings indicated that reappraisal and anxiety sensitivity are important psychological components in prediction of social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Comparison of Selective Processing of Data on the Threat in Patients With Released AnixietyDisorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
حسن توزندهجانیThis research is of causal-comparative research type done with the aim of comparing selective information processing and the role of cognitive attention in the process of anxiety disorders (GAD and PTSD). In this research three groups of subjects including a normal gr MoreThis research is of causal-comparative research type done with the aim of comparing selective information processing and the role of cognitive attention in the process of anxiety disorders (GAD and PTSD). In this research three groups of subjects including a normal group, the group with generalized anxiety disorder and the group of cases with post-traumatic stress disorders (selected of psychological clinics and private psychiatrics clinics in Neyshabour) were selected randomly and then tested in a stroop test and a recognition test. The results of the study indicated that patients with generalized anixiety disorder was compared with other groups, their attention bias was toward signs of physical and social threat. Although patients with PTSD showed attention bias just toward threatening signs of PTSD, processing these stimuli selectively. One other findings of the study indicates that in contrast with more processing of signs of social and physical threat in the generalized anxiety disorder group and threat signs related to PTSD group, three groups were related to remembering the sings after the test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Understanding Emotions in Obsessive Compulsive, Generalized Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorders
Azam Davoodi Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Mohammad Reza Abdi Hooshang TalebiThe purpose of the present study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and understanding emotions in obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and normal people. The research method was causal-comparat MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and understanding emotions in obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and normal people. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population were all male and female patients with the disorders mentioned, in private psychiatric centers in Shiraz (2012 and 2013). 300 patients (100 patients in each disorder group) were selected through available sampling method. 100 people from those who accompanied patients considered as the normal participants. All participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994), and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). The results of multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test showed that the three patient groups reported more maladaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies, less adaptive strategies, and lower understanding of emotions than the normal group (P >0.001). There was a significant difference among the three patient groups in using adaptive strategies and low understanding of emotions (P >0.001). In general, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and understanding emotions appear differently in these disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence in high school student girls with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad
Parisa Shahsavari Maryam EsmaeiliThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence of high school female student with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad. Research. The design was semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control g MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence of high school female student with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad. Research. The design was semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population was all of the high school girls with social anxiety disorder in Najaf Abad city that were referred to Roshd Center in year 2016. 30 subjects were randomly selected and assigned to 2 groups (experimental and control, each group 15 subjects). The instruments consisted of Social Competence Questionnare of Parandin (1385). The experimental group received Seligman self-actualization intervention in 8 sessions twice a week, and the control group was waiting. The results of analysis of covariznce showed that Seligman self-actualization intervention was effective in inhancing social competence of high school students (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of interpersonal therapy on social anxiety and theory of mind
susan alizadehfard zohreh rafezi Masoomeh Tadris TabriziThe aim of this study was the effect of interpersonal therapy on reduction social anxiety symptoms and increase theory of mind. This research by semi experimental method conducted with pre-test, post-test and control group. The study population included all students of MoreThe aim of this study was the effect of interpersonal therapy on reduction social anxiety symptoms and increase theory of mind. This research by semi experimental method conducted with pre-test, post-test and control group. The study population included all students of Tehran Payame Noor University. 40 volunteer students with social anxiety selected, and were assigned randomly in two groups: control and experimental groups. Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Connor, 2000) and RMET (Reading the Mind in the Eye Test, Baron-Cohen, 2001) conducted as pretest for both groups. Then experimental group received 12 sessions of interpersonal therapy. The value of pretest and post-test were compared through covariance analysis. Findings showed significant reduction of social anxiety and increase mean scores of theory of mind in experimental group compared to control group (P<0.0001). Results indicated the importance and effectiveness of interpersonal therapy for social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Efficacy of Psychodrama on Social Anxiety, Self-esteem and Psychological Well-being of University Students that met Diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder
Hamed Mousavi Sayed Abbas HaghayeghThis research aimed to determine the efficacy of Psychodrama on social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being of students that met diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder. In first stage of sampling, questionnaire of social anxiety distributed in universities of MoreThis research aimed to determine the efficacy of Psychodrama on social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being of students that met diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder. In first stage of sampling, questionnaire of social anxiety distributed in universities of Najafabad and students answered. In next stage, 30 students who meet diagnosis of social phobia, according to cut of point of this questionnaire(30), were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 15 patients in each group. The Questionnaires of Social phobia(Kanver,2000), Self-esteem (Rozenberg,1965) and Well-being (Ryff,1970) were completed as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. The Psychodrama was conducted in 10 sessions (in 2months) in consulting center of an Azad university. Then Questionnaires were completed again. Results multivariate analysis of covariance showed that Psychodrama has been significant effect in reduction of post-test mean scores of social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being (P<0.005). Psychodrama is a technical treatment(such as confrontation, asserting) could be useful to improvement of social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
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8 - The effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in generalized anxiety disorder girls
Zahra GhamkharFard Maryam Bakhtiari Zahra Hajiheidari Minoo Pouravari Karineh TahmasianThis study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in children who suffer from general anxiety disorder (GAD). The Statistical population included all of the girls who suffer GAD in Tehran ( MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in children who suffer from general anxiety disorder (GAD). The Statistical population included all of the girls who suffer GAD in Tehran (aged 11-13 years). The research method was two-group pretest-posttest design with repeated measure. The sample included 32 middle school girls who had major diagnosis of GAD based on DSM5. The samples were selected by available sampling and assigned to two groups (one experimental and one control group) by randomized allocation. The experimental group received group cognitive behavioral therapy in 18 sessions and one time in a week, with duration of 90 minutes. The scales were used in this study included of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). One way ANOVA repeated measure was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety reduction (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in fourth grade male students
akram pakzadmoghadam ghasem askari zadeh masoud bagheriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistica MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05). Manuscript profile -
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10 - The effect of Temperament Dimensions on Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: mediated by Disgusting Sensitivity in Urmia University students
saeed asadnia Majid Mahmoud Alilou, mansur bayrami abbas bakhshipour roodsariIt is assumed that the dimensions of temperament and the disgusting sensitivity in interacting with each other lead to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Despite the importance of this model, not enough research has been don MoreIt is assumed that the dimensions of temperament and the disgusting sensitivity in interacting with each other lead to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Despite the importance of this model, not enough research has been done to evaluate it empirically. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of temperament dimensions on generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder mediated by sensitivity-disgust in Urmia University students. The present research design is descriptive of correlation type. For this purpose, 377 students of Urmia University were selected using cluster sampling. Participants filled Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125, 1994), Disgust Sensitivity Scale (DSS, 1994), Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GADQ-IV, 2006), the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Inventory Revised (OCI-R, 2002), and the Leibowitz Panic Inventory (LPI, 1984) were administered. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. SPSS and AMOS software were also used to classify, process, analyze the data and test the research hypotheses.Evaluation of the hypothetical model of the research using fitness indicators showed that the hypothetical model fits with the measurement model (CFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.065). The results showed that the dimensions of temperament have a significant effect on generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder at the level of P <0.001. And obsessive-compulsive disorder has a significant effect at the level of P <0.001. Findings of the study, along with support for the hypothetical model for generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder, show a good model for the etiology of these disorders and can play a role in disgust. These findings might Help treatment of anxiety disorders and related cognitive-behavioral interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effect of medication and combined medication and acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness in women with generalized anxiety disorder
mahvash akbari akram dehghaniThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of medication and combined medication and ACT on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness of women with GAD. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experi MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of medication and combined medication and ACT on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness of women with GAD. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The present study population consisted of all women with GAD in Fereydunshahr city in the summer of 2017. Thirty women were purposefully selected as a sample and randomly assigned to three equal groups (10 people in each group). Medication was prescribed for all affected women, for at least a five-week period, and in combined intervention group, 8 one-hour sessions of ACT was performed individually. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (Meyer et al., 1990), Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (Gámez et al., 2011) and Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982) were administered before and after treatment. Covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that both medication and combined interventions in the experimental groups decreased the mean scores of anxiety, worry, and experiential avoidance, and increased the mean scores of psychological hardiness. Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of experimental avoidance and psychological hardiness (P <0.05), and combined medication and ACT were more effective in these variables. According to the findings of this study, combined medication and ACT are more effective than medication in reducing GAD-related symptoms and features in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Psychodrama on Social Anxiety and Interpersonal Sensitivity of Secondary School Teenage Girls
Farideh Hamidi Freshteh Hasanpour KhademiThe present research aimed to investigate the effect of the psychodrama on the social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity of the secondary school teenage girls. This study was a quasi-experimental design as pretest-posttest with the control group. The statist MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the effect of the psychodrama on the social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity of the secondary school teenage girls. This study was a quasi-experimental design as pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 11th grade students of Karaj Secondary School in the academic year of 2018-2019 which were determined based on the screening score in the pre-tests. 30 students were randomly selected to answer two research questionnaires, including the Puklek Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale (Puklek, 1997) and the Boyce & Parker International Personal Sensitivity Questionnaire (Boyce & Parker, 1989). The experimental group received the psychodrama treatment during 8 sessions 90min. After the end of training, the students of both groups were reassessed by the mentioned tests. Result of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that, the test group in comparison with the control group had a significant reduction in social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity scores (P≤0/01). Therefore, psychotherapy by using the art of drama in treatment and applying and making changes, both externally and objectifying internal imaginations and tendencies, creating new realities, causes an outpouring and psychological refinement of the individual and increases mental health and also decrease the symptoms of anxiety and sensitivity in a person's relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Hypoventilation Therapy and Emotion Regulation Training on Anxiety Symptoms in Women with GAD
Behzad Taghipuor Rogaye Barzegaran Nemat Zali KareNabThe purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of the effectiveness of hypoventilation therapy and emotion regulation training on anxiety symptoms in women with general anxiety disorder (GAD) in Ardabil. From all patients suffering general anxiety disorder (GAD MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of the effectiveness of hypoventilation therapy and emotion regulation training on anxiety symptoms in women with general anxiety disorder (GAD) in Ardabil. From all patients suffering general anxiety disorder (GAD) who referred to Ardabil Health Comprehensive Centers in Fall 2019, 45 patients were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly placed into 3 equal experimental and control groups. The Experimental groups exposed to hypoventilation therapy twelve sessions, 17 minutes each and emotion regulation training (8 session 90 minutes each) for 4 weeks, while control group received none. Anxiety Beck (1986) Questionnaires were used as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance(ANCOVA). The results showed that there were significant differences in anxiety symptoms scores of the experimental and the control groups. Results of the follow-up test indicated that comparing to emption regulation training the hypoventilation therapy were more effective in reducing anxiety symptoms of women with general anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effectiveness Of Group Existence Therapy On Anxiety Sensitivity And Psychological Well-Being In Women With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Behzad Taghipuor Rogaye BarzegaranThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group existence therapy on psychological well-being and anxiety sensitivity in women with generalized anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control gro MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group existence therapy on psychological well-being and anxiety sensitivity in women with generalized anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group from all generalized anxiety disorder patients visited in Ardabil psychological clinic. 30 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into two equal experimental and control groups. Participants were selected via structured clinical interview based on disorders axis I. Experimental group was exposed to 8 weeks of existence therapy, while control group received none. GAD Anxiety Inventory, Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1995) and Taylor & Cox anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (1998) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. The results showed that there were significant difference in anxiety sensitivity and psychological well-being scores in experimental group and the control group. Thus, based on the findings of this study it could be said that the method of existential group psychotherapy decreased anxiety sensitivity and increased psychological well-being in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Effectiveness of Group -Based Compassion Therapeutic on Uncertainty and Concern in Female Students with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Seyede Maryam Akbari Klor Marzieh Habibi Zeinab Ghator Fatemeh Azimi RavizThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group-based compassion therapy on uncertainty and concern among female students with generalized anxiety disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The re MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group-based compassion therapy on uncertainty and concern among female students with generalized anxiety disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The research population was comprised of all third grade secondary school female students in Mashhad, Iran during the first half of the academic year of 1394-1394. After initial evaluation for comprehensive anxiety disorder, using the semi-structured interview of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version 30 female students were selected via judgmental sampling procedure and randomized samples were assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received compassionate therapy intervention in 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week in two sessions (grouped); the control group was placed on the waiting list for two months. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was implemented. The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, the mean post-test scores of the experimental groups and the control group in the uncertainty variable and its components included; the disability to perform the operation, the stressfulness of the uncertainty, There was significant difference between uncertainties about the future and the variable of concern in the experimental and control groups . The research concluded that compassion therapy was able to reduce the incidence of uncertainty and concern among students with generalized anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Wells Metacognitive Therapy on Specific Characteristics of Social Anxiety in Female Students with Social Anxiety Disorder
SIMA SAFIKHANI GHOLIZADEH armin mahmoudi alireza maredpurPresent research, The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Wales ‎Metacognitive Therapy on specific symptoms of social anxiety in female students with social ‎anxiety disorder.‎Research method: The design of this semi-educational study was MorePresent research, The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Wales ‎Metacognitive Therapy on specific symptoms of social anxiety in female students with social ‎anxiety disorder.‎Research method: The design of this semi-educational study was carried out with a pre-test, ‎post-test and follow up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included ‎all students of Gachsaran universities and In this research, 300 students were selected using ‎social anxiety inventory. Then those whose anxiety scores were two standard deviations higher ‎than the mean, Separated and among them considering the likelihood of the participants ‎dropping, 60 subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned to 30 experimental and ‎control groups. Social Anxiety Inventory was performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and ‎follow-up for the groups. Following the implementation of ethical considerations (informed ‎consent, inclination, secrecy), The experimental group received metacognitive therapy and the ‎control group received no treatment. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive ‎statistics and covariance analysis and analyzed using SPSS software.‎Findings: The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference ‎between the two groups in all of the components in the post test (P Manuscript profile -
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17 - Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavioral Group Therapy on Rumination and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Mehrnaz Noosh Kia Mohsen Rasouli Mehdi Zare BahramabadiPurpose: General anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorders in clinical centers and general population that mostly is chronic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy on rumination MorePurpose: General anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorders in clinical centers and general population that mostly is chronic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy on rumination and emotional regulation strategies in patients with generalized aninety disorder. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adult clients with complaints about anxiety referred to one of the specialized centers of psychiatry and psychotherapy in the city of Tehran in 2019. Among them, 24 people were selected by available means and were randomly replaced in two groups. In the experimental group, dialectical behavior therapy training was performed in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour. Research instruments included the Pervasive Anxiety Disorder Scale (Spitzer et al, 2006), the Ruminant Response Scale (Knulman-Hooksma & Murrow, 1991), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (Garnfsky et al, 2002). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 21. Findings: The mean age in the experimental group was 39.54 and the control was 38.76 years. Based on the results of chi-square test, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics (level of education, marital status and gender) (P>0.05). The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy training is effective in reducing rumination and improving emotional regulation strategies in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists use dialectical behavior therapy along with other therapies to reduce rumination and improve emotion regulation strategies in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Rumination, Worry and Anxiety Sensitivity in People with Anxiety Disorders
Mahdiye Taghavi Garamaleki Naeimeh MohebThe purpose of this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity in people with anxiety disorders. The research method was single case. Research participants included 3 people with anxiety disord MoreThe purpose of this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity in people with anxiety disorders. The research method was single case. Research participants included 3 people with anxiety disorder symptoms who were selected as a single case with a psychiatrist's diagnosis of having anxiety disorder symptoms using the purposive sampling method. Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire, Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Nolan Hoxma and Murrow Rumination Questionnaire, and Beck Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Packagewas used to collect data. Prior to the intervention, all 3 cases were evaluated in one session using research questionnaires. Then, 8 sessions of behavioral cognition therapy were administered to the subjects twice a week.in order to test the hypothesis Percentage indexes test was used. The results obtained through Blanchard and Schwars improvement rate showed that cognitive behavioral therapy affects rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity in people with symptoms of anxiety disorders Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Social anxiety disorders and drama-therapy
Parirokh Dadsetan Asieh Anari Bahram Saleh SedghpourThis study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools MoreThis study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools in Tehran, completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA; Masia-Warner, Klein, & Liebowitz, 2003). 32 children receiving the highest scores on the LSAS-CA were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (N = 16) and a control group (N = 16). For six weeks, the experimental group received two 2-hour sessions of drama-therapy. The control group received none. The results showed a significant reduction of the symptoms among children in the experimental group as compared to the control group. A three-month followup replicated the findings. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of social anxiety disorders among children are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Group Interventions in Social Anxiety Disorder
HamidReza Oreizi Saeedeh Daneshmandi Ahmad Abedi،The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of group interventions and compare the efficacy of behavioral group therapy, cognitive group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy in social anxiety disorder by using meta-analysis method based on the Hunte More،The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of group interventions and compare the efficacy of behavioral group therapy, cognitive group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy in social anxiety disorder by using meta-analysis method based on the Hunter and Schmidt approach. Forty seven studies which were accepted methodologically and conducted within the last 20 years in Iran were included in the meta-analysis. The checklist of meta-analysis with 1743 participants and 51 effect sizes were used. The results indicated that the effect size of the group interventions on social anxiety disorder was 0.62, and this was true of children, adolescents and adults groups. The effect size of behavioral group therapy, cognitive group therapy, and cognitive-behavioral group therapy were 0.59, 0.69, and 0.68, respectively. This study suggested that the effect size of group interventions on social anxiety disorder was large, and this was true of all age groups. Although all group therapies were effective, the efficacy of cognitive group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy were more than behavioral group therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)using the rorschach test
Fateh Rahmani Mahdi SalehiThis study explored the descriptive indices of the Rorschach and Exner's Comprehensive System (ECS; Exner, 2003) in diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder among Iranian population. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV were used to screen 30 patients with generalized anx MoreThis study explored the descriptive indices of the Rorschach and Exner's Comprehensive System (ECS; Exner, 2003) in diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder among Iranian population. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV were used to screen 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder and 30 non-anxious subjects. The Rorschach test was administered and scored using ECS. Profile analyses and MANOVA provided access to an index, based on Rorschach variables, which distinguished the patients with GAD, named Anxiety Index (ANXI). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effectiveness of the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training in reducing anxiety symptom of patient with Generalized Anxiety Disorders
Mahdiyah Rahmani Mahdiyeh SalehiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training (MBSR) in reducing anxiety symptoms of patients with GAD. The study design was quasi-experimental and Pre-test and post-test with experimental group and con MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training (MBSR) in reducing anxiety symptoms of patients with GAD. The study design was quasi-experimental and Pre-test and post-test with experimental group and control group. The study population included all patients with GAD Referring to medical centers of Tehran in 2017 that among those, 30 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria and convenient sampling placed in control and experimental groups. The Experimental group received 8 sessions an hour of MBSR. All subjects were assessed through Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) (First et al, 1997), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item (Spitzer et al, 2006), Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1990). Data were analyzed by Analysis of covariance test. The results of data analysis indicated the effectiveness of MBSR in decreasing anxiety symptoms (F (1, 26) =63/67, P<0/001). This training by reducing anxiety symptoms, will have an important role in decreasing the consequences of generalized anxiety disorder for patients and their families and can be used as adjuvant, supportive and rehabilitative treatment along with drug treatments. Manuscript profile -
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23 - بررسی فراوانی انواع سردرد و عوامل موثر بر آن در خانمهای مبتلا به اختلالات روانپزشکی مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان 22 بهمن در سالهای 91-
Mohsen Mahdi nejad Nooshin Hemati Hamid reza ArshadiBackground: epidemiological studies have shown that there is a mutual relationship between psychiatric disorders and headaches. So that people with psychiatric disorders are more suffer from headache and patients with headache are more suffer from mental disorders. Obj MoreBackground: epidemiological studies have shown that there is a mutual relationship between psychiatric disorders and headaches. So that people with psychiatric disorders are more suffer from headache and patients with headache are more suffer from mental disorders. Objective: the aim of this study is determining prevalence of headache and its influencing factors in women with psychiatric disorders Method: This study was a cross - sectional investigation. Participants in the study included 175 female patients with psychiatric disorders, which are selected by random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaire and interview. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM4. And headache was diagnosed according to IHS criteria. Results: The mean age of the patients, was 38.2 year old and the highest frequency age range was 31-40 year old. Through 95 patients who had headache, patients with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder had the highest incidence of headaches. The prevalence of headache in patients with major depressive disorder was 63.6% that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache. The prevalence of headache in patients with anxiety disorders was 56.6%, that the most common headache was migrain. The prevalence of headache in patients with bipolar disorder was 37.2%, that the most common headache was migrain. The prevalence of headaches in patients with schizophrenia was 42.9%, that the most common headache was tension-type headache. most headaches (67.4%) start after the onset of psychiatric disorders that can confirm the role of creating or exacerbating headaches Discussion and conclusion: Finally, this study indicated that female patients with psychiatric disorders are commonly suffer from headache and this can have a significant impact on their quality of life and this study shoes that as we take psychiatric story from patients with headach we should also take the headache histories from psychiatric patients, to treat patients better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with low frequency in reducing symptoms of depression comorbid in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Somayeh Ghiasi Mohammad Reza Naeeinian Reza Rostami Rasool Roshan Reza Kazemi Sanaz KhomamiGeneralized anxiety disorder has been associated with several disorders, it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Sti MoreGeneralized anxiety disorder has been associated with several disorders, it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with low frequency in reducing symptoms of depression comorbid in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, 14 patients with generalized anxiety disorder using convenience sampling were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects were assessed for depression and generalized anxiety disorder, both before and after the treatment. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of rTMS, on the right side of the Posterolateral pre-frontal region, in duration of 40 minutes with frequency of 1 Hertz. The control group received the same number of sessions except that the coil in the group was placed in an angle of 90 degrees, which prevented the waves from reaching to the subject’s skull. Mann-Whitney U analysis indicated that the rate of comorbid depression in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant change. It appears that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation therapy in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder can significantly decrease comorbid depressive symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5
rahim yosefi hasan bafandeh raheb JafariRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities MoreRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities, or whether it is possible to find out the extent of the existence of psychological disorders with the state of meta-memory in the individuals. The purpose of this study was comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5. In this causal-comparative study, 180 patients (60 anxious, 60 depressed, 60 obsessive-compulsive) from Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Medical Sciences of Tabriz were selected by sampling available method and compared with 60 non-patients in memory. The results of ANOVA showed that people with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people had a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with individual memory, perceived ability, application of memory strategy, and meta-memory. The findings showed that the mean of memory usage strategy of normal people was higher than those with obsessive-compulsive, anxious and depressed symptoms. Paying attention to the role and importance of meta-memory in people with psychological disorders can affect many of their problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The role of brain-behavioral systems and stressful experiences in symptoms of social
Zahra Yousefi Kalekhane Touraj Hashemi Nosratabad Majid Mahmoud AliluSocial anxiety which is defined as uncomfortable experience in the presence of others, is a phenomenon that damages social development of people and impede their talents from flourishing. This phenomenon which is prevalent among adolescence has Impediment effects on per MoreSocial anxiety which is defined as uncomfortable experience in the presence of others, is a phenomenon that damages social development of people and impede their talents from flourishing. This phenomenon which is prevalent among adolescence has Impediment effects on performance and dynamism and causes destructive personal and social performance in several areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of brain-behavioral systems and stressful experiences on social anxiety disorder symptoms. This study was conducted on a population of 300 students from university of Tabriz, selected by multistage cluster sampling and the subjects were examined in Social anxiety, behavioral inhibition/activation systems, general health and stressful experience. The results of regression analysis indicated that brain–behavioral systems and stressful experience can explain 27% of social anxiety disorder symptoms. According to results brain-behavioral systems and stressful experiences have determinant role in social anxiety symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Structural Relationship of Anxiety Sensitivity, Worry and Difficulty in Regulating Emotions with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder
Hamed Fardaeni Sofla Hossein Karsazi Ameneh Emami Ezat Abbas Bakhshipour RoodsariThe aim of this study is to evaluate the structural relationships of anxiety sensitivity, worry and difficulty in regulating emotions with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. For this purpose, in a hypothetical structural model plan MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the structural relationships of anxiety sensitivity, worry and difficulty in regulating emotions with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. For this purpose, in a hypothetical structural model plan, which represented a network of direct and indirect relationships between anxiety, worry and difficulty in regulating emotions with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder, 250 (125 boys and 125 girls) of Tabriz University students were selected by cluster sampling. They were evaluated in terms of sensitivity to anxiety, worry, and difficulty in regulating emotion, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling indicated that sensitivity to anxiety, worry and difficulty in regulating emotions have a profound impact on anxiety disorders. The findings supported the appropriate fitness of hypothetical structure in the variables of study. The current study has provided a useful framework for formation and development of anxiety disorders apart from confirming previous findings and increases our knowledge of the etiology of these disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Structural relationship of brain - behavior systems and difficulty in regulation with social anxiety disorder and depression
Hosein Karsazi Toraj Hashemi NosratabadAnxiety disorders are a group of disorders that their common characteristics is fear and excessive anxiety and subsequent behavioral disturbances. Social anxiety disorder and depression have a high comorbidity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation and p MoreAnxiety disorders are a group of disorders that their common characteristics is fear and excessive anxiety and subsequent behavioral disturbances. Social anxiety disorder and depression have a high comorbidity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation and persistence of these diseases is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural relationship of brain - behavior and emotion regulation difficulties with social anxiety disorder and depression. For this purpose, in a descriptive study based on regression analysis, 240 patients (120 males and 120 females) from Tabriz University students were selected by cluster sampling method and they were tested in terms of inhibition / behavioral activation systems, emotion regulation difficulties, depression and panic and phobia. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. Model assessment indicated average fitness of the theoretical model. In contrast, the modified model, in which apart from direct relations, indirect relationships had been established between variables, showed a better fit. Based on the findings of the current study and with an emphasis on the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties we can present theoretical framework to explain the complex comorbidity and the distinction between depression and social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effectiveness of Compassion Mind Training (CMT) on social anxiety Symptoms & psychological capitals among female students with social anxiety disorder of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
atiye poursaleh Najme Hamid Iran DavodiSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common, chronic and debilitating anxiety disorders and is one of the important causes of poor social and academic performance of students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Compassion Mind Trai MoreSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common, chronic and debilitating anxiety disorders and is one of the important causes of poor social and academic performance of students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Compassion Mind Training (CMT) on social anxiety symptoms & psychological capitals in female students with social anxiety disorder of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. According to this, a single subject multiple baselines with follow up phase will be conducted. The first, 8 female volunteer students with the highest score from the cut-off point in the social anxiety questionnaire were selected from the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and trained for 8 weeks. Within base line stage (3 weeks) therapy phase (8 weekly) and follow up step (two-, four-, and six-week after treatment), Subjects were evaluated by social anxiety Inventory and psychological capitals Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Visual analysis method, reliable change index (p < 0.05) and recovery percentage formula. The results showed that compassionate mind training leads to reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, increasing psychological capitals in people with social anxiety disorder. These results remain relatively stable during follow up phase. This study supports the effectiveness of compassionate mind training on symptoms of social anxiety disorder and psychological capitals of female students with social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile
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