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Open Access Article
1 - Optimizing Reservoirs Exploitation for irrigation system Based on New butterfly Algorithm Model
Miromid Hadiani Hamid Reza VaziriExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit r MoreExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit reservoirs. Also, results related to the exploitation of a single-reservoir system to meet low dam’s requirements were compared to particle swarm and genetic evolutionary algorithms. Time reliability, volume reliability, vulnerability and reversibility indices were used to select the preferred method. Also, a multi-criteria decision-making model was used to select the preferred method. Results showed that the crow algorithm’s is close to the problem’s absolute optimal response so that the average of responses in the crow algorithm is 99% of absolute optimal response. Besides, except time reliability index, the crow algorithm has better performance in the rest indices compared to particle swarm and genetic algorithms. Also, the coefficient of variation of obtained responses by crow algorithm compared to genetic and particle swarm algorithms are 14 and 16 times smaller, respectively. The multi-criteria decision-making model revealed that compared to two other algorithms, the crow algorithm has the first rank and high potential in solving reservoir exploitation problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Reservoir Deficit of Sabzvar’s Aquifir Approaches & Recommendations
سعداله velayati ابوالقاسم A.AhmadiSabzevar basin aquifer is located 250 kilometers west of Mashhad in RazaviKhorasan province.Due to continuous over draw (Withdrawal more than discharge)since water year 1981 –82, this aquifer undergone imbalance, and facedfall in water level and consequently runni MoreSabzevar basin aquifer is located 250 kilometers west of Mashhad in RazaviKhorasan province.Due to continuous over draw (Withdrawal more than discharge)since water year 1981 –82, this aquifer undergone imbalance, and facedfall in water level and consequently running short of reserved water for about 64MCM/ year. Analysis of hydrograph indicates that, the aquifer was in criticalconditions from 1981-82 to 1989-90 water years in a way, that its hydrographcontiunes its path linearly, which is an indication of ultra-critical condition andevacuation of the aquifer is the main water source supplying agricultural andmunicipal water for Sabzvar, a city with 240000 population. Therefore, it is necessaryto take some consideration to counterbalance its aquifer. In this regardthree remedies are recommended which are;Artifical recharge in traditional method,Artifical recharge in modern method,And, finally %15 reduction of wells discharges.With the advantages of these methods, Sabzvar aquifer can be counterbalanced by supporting64 MCM water annually. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Developing real time optimal reservoir operation rules using Bayesian networks: application of group conflict resolution model
seyed ehsan shirangi samira khaleghi fahimeh baghaei abbas mansoori ehsan pourmandIn reservoir operation, there are various decision makers and stakeholders with different and varied utilities. In this paper, investigates the conflicts among decision makers and stakeholders and water quality simulation model and Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization mo MoreIn reservoir operation, there are various decision makers and stakeholders with different and varied utilities. In this paper, investigates the conflicts among decision makers and stakeholders and water quality simulation model and Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization model combined to find the trade-off curve between qualitative and quantitative issues. The group n person conflict resolution theory is used for selecting the best point on trade-off curve. The Bayesian networks as a novel type of learning model is used to develop real-time operating rules. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, it is applied to the 15-Khordad dam located in the central part of Iran. The 15-Khordad dam supplies the water demands of three main sectors: domestic, agriculture and environment. These sectors have conflicting interests about the quantity and quality of the allocated water to their demands the test results show that the both conflict resolution model and Bayesian network model can significantly calculate real-time reservoir operating policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Reduction of Turbulence Reduction in Water Tanks with Vertical and Horizontal Walls Using Ansys Numerical Model
Ali Nomiri Amir Khosrojerdi Ali SaremiBackground and Aim: Tanks structures must maintain their applications after large earthquakes, and on the other hand, these structures must behave in a way that does not cause damage during an earthquake. Therefore, the application of the baffles is one of the suitable MoreBackground and Aim: Tanks structures must maintain their applications after large earthquakes, and on the other hand, these structures must behave in a way that does not cause damage during an earthquake. Therefore, the application of the baffles is one of the suitable methods to tackle with earthquake inertial forces. The main idea in baffle systems is to reduce the frequency of the structure and bring it to a value less than the frequencies containing the dominant earthquake energy. Baffles installed inside water tanks can reduce a significant amount of earthquake acceleration in the body and crest of the tank during an earthquake.Method: In order to investigate the effects of the vertical and horizontal plates adjusted through the reservoir tanks, the flow characteristics were simulated by employing the CFD (Ansys Fluent). Two vertical and horizontal plate were designed for this purpose. To decreasing the error of mesh sizes, the different mesh sizes with different types of the meshes were employed and the results of the simulation were compared together to find out the suitable mesh geometry. Moreover, to validate the numerical model, the height of the water waves was compared by the past literature to make sure of the suitable numerical model. Thus, by increasing the earthquake accelerin in the numerical model, the flow properties were investigated according to the different conditions of the numerical modeling.. Displacement and shear stress at the top of the tanks were measured through the numerical models due to different tests condition in controlled and uncontrolled statuses. Furthermore, the conducted acceleration through the tank liquid was measured over the time for different numerical models. Some hydraulic parameters were considered for comparison through the discussion section such as water surface elevation so these parameters were extracted from the numerical results by the software advices. Results: The comparison between numerical results and past studies indicated that the presented numerical model has acceptable error and the elevation of the water waves through the tanks has good agreement with experimental pasts models through the literatures. Furthermore, the results of the mesh analysis showed that the error of the square mesh is approximately 11.2 percent compared to the triangular shape. As a result, the squire mesh with less sizes were considered to solve the flow’s equation through the numerical model. The initial results of the vertical and horizontal baffles illustrated that presence of the baffles can significantly reduce the fluctuation of the displacement, shear stress and liquid acceleration over the time. And the agitations of tests function over the time were tended to the less values compared by the initial time. The results indicate that equipping the tanks with baffle systems has a good performance on safety and improving the dynamic behavior of the tanks and this approach has a significant effect on the displacement and acceleration responses of the studied tank. Tanks with vertical baffles will perform better due to higher energy absorption. Also, as the water depth in the reservoir increases, the amount of energy dissipation for the reservoirs were decreased.Conclusion: The results of the numerical model calibrated with experimental data showed that the tank equipped with the vertical baffle produces more control force and damping than the horizontal baffle and has a better performance than the horizontal walls, furthermore, they reduce the pressure on the wall. Also, the results indicate that equipping the tanks with baffle systems can increase the safety through the tanks and improving the dynamic behavior of the tanks. Finally, the tanks with vertical baffles had better perform to absorption of the energy. Also, as the water depth in the reservoir increases, the amount of energy dissipation for the reservoirs were decreased. Comparison over the time among the extracted data from numerical model showed that due to passed time, the fluctuation of the investigated parameters such as displacement and shear stress of the top of the tank attained less values which can show that the controlled tank has much stability along the earthquakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating and Temporal Monitoring of GRI Index on the Fluctuations of Groundwater Table (Case Study: Zanjan Plain)
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Samira zandifarBackground and Aim: Due to the occurrence of drought periods and increased exploitation of the plain, alongside of the agriculture expansion and the rise in groundwater extraction, the level of the groundwater table in the Zanjan plain has decreased, which has resulted MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the occurrence of drought periods and increased exploitation of the plain, alongside of the agriculture expansion and the rise in groundwater extraction, the level of the groundwater table in the Zanjan plain has decreased, which has resulted in a fall in the level of the groundwater table and a decrease in the efficiency of the wells. The purpose of this research is to investigate and Zoning of Temporal and Spatial of the depth, level and changes of the level of groundwater table of Zanjan plain, trends of depletion and annual changes and temporal monitoring of the drought (GRI) of groundwater resource of Zanjan plain based on the representative hydrograph.Method: In order to carry out this research, the statistics of 69 observation wells are analyzed during 3 time periods (2001-2008, 2008-2013 and 2013-2018). At first, statistical data is collected and after importing the data into the Geographical Information System (GIS), maps of iso-depth, iso-level and zoning changes of the groundwater table are prepared with the interpolation method. The plain hydrograph has been prepared to investigate the long-term changes and fluctuations of groundwater table, as well as to detect the periods of rise and fall of the water level, during the statistical period for the Zanjan plain. Long-term changes and fluctuations of groundwater table are also drawn in the Excel. The phenomenon of drought in the long term causes the reduction of water resources through the drying up of surface and underground streams. For this purpose, the GRI index has been used to temporal monitoring of drought of groundwater resources in Zanjan plain.Results: The results obtain from the maps of the iso-loss show that the highest level of groundwater in the first time period (2013-2018) in the northern part of the plain is 12.4 m, in the second time period (2008-2013) in the southern part and the eastern part of the plain has dropped by 9.4 m and in the third period (2001-2008) in the northwestern parts, it has dropped by 14.5 m. The hydrographs of the groundwater table illustrate that during the period of 20 years, the depletion of the Zanjan plain table is 12.9 m, which means that the water level has depleted by 0.65 m annually on average. This actually indicates the negative changes in the groundwater level in the studied area. The results of the changes in the volume of the Zanjan plain demonstrate that the volume deficit of the Zanjan plain is 705.8 MCM. Also, temporal monitoring of the drought in groundwater resources of the Zanjan plain with the GRI index shows a very descending trend towards drought during the twenty-year period.Conclusion: Groundwater is the main source of agricultural needs, especially in arid and semi-arid areas; therefore, having a sustainable agriculture requires careful management and planning on how to use these resources, which itself requires sufficient knowledge about the spatial changes of the groundwater level in a certain period. In the present research, the investigation of the depletion of the groundwater table, especially in the piezometers of the northern and side parts of the Zanjan plain, shows that this water disaster (groundwater level depletion of about 13 m) is mainly due to the improper management of water resources and the increase in the issuance of permits for deep and semi-deep wells with 61% growth in the last two decades. The negative balance of the plain is so severe that even the good rains of the last few years have not been able to stop the process of lowering the groundwater table. It is recommended to prevent the continuation of the Zanjan plain volume decrease, to manage and control the exploitation of the wells and to prevent any over-exploitation, as well as to use the implementation and development of plain projects to supply the shortage of water resources and feed the plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Development of multi-purpose reservoir operation hedging rule in water resources shortage conditions using MODSIM8.1
Parinaz Razaghi Hossein Babazadeh Mojtaba ShourianUneven distribution of precipitation in many arid and semi- arid regions like Iran, has led to water reserved for a reliable supply. Recently, large dam construction is more extended for water storage. Construction of the reservoir, while the high costs, it also has man MoreUneven distribution of precipitation in many arid and semi- arid regions like Iran, has led to water reserved for a reliable supply. Recently, large dam construction is more extended for water storage. Construction of the reservoir, while the high costs, it also has many environmental problems. Consecutive drought events have led to hedging rules is more considered by reservoirs operators. This study aimed to develop hedging policies for reducing stress during drought years through the water store before stress period. Therefore, Namroud storage dam river system was simulated using the MODSIM8.1. After the calibration, hedging rule algorithm was coded in the model and it was run with and without hedging implementation. The system operation indices such as satisfaction, reliability, vulnerability, resiliency and sustainability of the system were calculated for two states. The results were shown that the developed hedging rule algorithm cause adjustment the big stress and uniformity distributed in operation period. With hedging rule implementation, reliability and system sustainability indices were increased 10 and 7 percent, respectively, and vulnerability and resiliency indices were decreased 18 and 9 percent respectively. These results were shown the indices were improved under hedging rule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A multi-objective reservoirs system development as a sample case in the reservoir systems management
Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni Omid Bozorg-HaddadWater resources systems as a set of structures and equipment, strongly need proper operational programming in order to optimally supply demands and perform suitable water conservation. Water reservoirs are the most commonly used water resources systems for supplying dom MoreWater resources systems as a set of structures and equipment, strongly need proper operational programming in order to optimally supply demands and perform suitable water conservation. Water reservoirs are the most commonly used water resources systems for supplying domestic demands whose incorrect management may lead to unsuitable water resources protection and huge financial losses. Approximately in all of the reservoir design, operation and management problems, real reservoir system case studies are studied and analyzed according to the existing conditions and their objectives. Under these conditions, it can be very useful to define and introduce a sample reservoir system which can be investigated for all conditions and objectives. In this research, a three-reservoir system is presented for the first time, considering all physical and hydrological parameters beside three general objectives of generating hydropower energy, supplying downstream demands (agricultural, municipal and industrial) and flood control. The obtained results are quite logical, with a natural trend based on the logically defined data for the sample reservoir system. Therefore, this sample case study is capable of showing the performance of reservoir systems in different states of single or multi reservoirs and single or multi objectives. As a result, the presented reservoir system can be used as a sample case study for introducing and developing different methods in solving water reservoir system problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Optimizing operation of reservoir for agricultural water supply using firefly algorithm
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari Mohammad Ebrahim BanihabibThe largest amount of water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. Thus, efficient use of water in this sector will be significantly effective in maintaining water resources and optimum use of available water. In many regions, surface reservoirs are responsible for pro MoreThe largest amount of water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. Thus, efficient use of water in this sector will be significantly effective in maintaining water resources and optimum use of available water. In many regions, surface reservoirs are responsible for providing water to downstream agriculture. Optimal operation of reservoir is one of the major parts of surface water resource optimization. So far, several optimization approaches have been used, among them, the most popular methods are Evolutionary Algorithms. In this study, Firefly Algorithm (FA), as a new method, was proposed for optimal operating of Bazoft reservoir. The operation modeling was carried out for a period of 120 months related to 1986 to 1995 years. The considered objective function was defined as minimizing the sum of squared differences between the demands and the release from the reservoir divided by maximum demand during operation. The model performance was examined compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These two mentioned algorithms are known as common and standard methods.The results indicated that firefly algorithm can better perform than other methods. The mean value of the objective function of this method was 0.408, and the mean of the objective function for the GA and PSO were 0.618 and 0.913, respectively. In addition, FA has created less deficiency values and milder deficiency compares to GA and PSO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Modeling and sensitivity analysis of water quality in Meymeh reservoir using CE-QUAL-W2 Software
nima heidarzadeh nasim Neysari tabriziBackground and Objective: Water quality of lakes and reservoirs is affected by many factors. Precipitation, inflow and outflow, inlet water quality and water abstraction level are the most important ones. Informing about the magnitude of the factors can help us to choos MoreBackground and Objective: Water quality of lakes and reservoirs is affected by many factors. Precipitation, inflow and outflow, inlet water quality and water abstraction level are the most important ones. Informing about the magnitude of the factors can help us to choose the best abstraction level and water quality management in different periods of a year, efficiently. Method: In this study, water quality of the Meymeh reservoir, an under-construction dam, was evaluated by modeling of TDS using the 2-dimensional CE-QUAL-W2 software with available data, for a 5-year period. Findings: The modeling results show that the amount of outflow TDS in all five years has exceeded the FAO permissible level for irrigation. Also, in order to evaluate the impacts of several factors on outflow TDS and choose the suitable solution to improve the quality of water, a sensitively analysis was performed. Discussion and Counclution: The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the quality of inflow water is the most effective factor on the outflow water quality, so that a 20% change in inflow TDS causes 18-20% change in outflow TDS and the other factors such as temperature, initial values of TDS in reservoir, wind sheltering coefficients (WSC), eddy viscosity and the diffusivity coefficient (AX, DX) do not have significant impacts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Optimization of rectangular secondary sedimentation tanks inlet (Case study: Tehran Wastewater Treatment Plant)
Akbar Akbarpour Alireza MardookhpourBackground and Objective: One of the most important parts of treatment plants is the sedimentation tanks in them, which play an important role in wastewater treatment. Due to this issue, a correct understanding of the behavior of sediment reservoirs is essential for the MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most important parts of treatment plants is the sedimentation tanks in them, which play an important role in wastewater treatment. Due to this issue, a correct understanding of the behavior of sediment reservoirs is essential for the design and operation of reservoirs. Therefore, it is not far-fetched that engineers are thinking of designing new tanks as best as possible and improving their efficiency. In order to achieve these goals, various methods have been proposed, among which improving the efficiency of reservoirs by changing the geometry in the reservoir is not only important but also an economic method and attracts the opinion of engineers from different aspects. Has attracted.Material and Methodology: The studied model has been removed from the existing wastewater treatment plant in Tehran. In the basic paper, different inputs of flow to the sedimentation pond are analyzed and by comparing the efficiency of different inputs, a specific input is presented as a suggestion. In the present study, the same inlet and reservoir will be used and by adding the sediment parameter as a new parameter, the hydraulic and flow and sedimentation characteristics in the said reservoir will be determined. It is 13 meters wide and 4/4 high. In order to observe the distribution of suspended solids during the settling process, the water in the reservoir at the beginning of the process is free of sediment (clear) and then with the entry of wastewater containing suspended solids, the method of releasing suspended solids and then settling of solids can be Observed in full.Findings: In the model at the entry points, distances of 10, 20 and ... to 60 (output overflow) by creating virtual sensors, flow parameters were used to produce and analyze comparative graphs. The findings indicate that time The analysis is in accordance with the residence time of the regulation is 6500 seconds, which in the range of about 800 to 1000 seconds of analysis (16 minutes) the flow and movement conditions of sediments are balanced and is constant until the end of the residence timeDiscussion and Conclusion: The results show that the contour particles of sediment particles in the reservoir are at times 50, 300, 500 and 1000, respectively. After 1000 seconds to 6500 seconds, the situation is completely stabilized and there is no change in the contours compared to 1000 seconds. On the other hand, the amount of suspended solids in wastewater decreases by moving downstream and reaches zero within 10 meters of the end, which indicates the complete removal of suspended solids in the sedimentation process. The results also show that the most turbulent energy is at the outlet at a distance of 10 meters from the inlet, which is due to the eddy current and rotation in this area. By moving downstream, the turbulence current decreases and at a point 10 meters from the outlet is close to zero, which indicates the correct operation of the tank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison of Autoregressive Static and Artificial Dynamic Neural Network for the Forecasting of Monthly Inflow of Dez Reservoir
Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib Mohammad Valipoor S. Mahmood BehbahaniIn this paper, the capability of autoregressive static and artificial dynamic neural networks models was compared for forecasting of monthly inflow of Dez reservoir. In previous researches, static and artificial dynamic neural networks models have not been compared MoreIn this paper, the capability of autoregressive static and artificial dynamic neural networks models was compared for forecasting of monthly inflow of Dez reservoir. In previous researches, static and artificial dynamic neural networks models have not been compared for above-mentioned propose. In addition, using artificial neural network model as an autoregressive model is innovation point of this research. Monthly flow data of Dez station in Dez River in years1955 to 2001 is used in this research. Data of 42 former years and 5 recent years are used for Training and testing data set, respectively. Different structure for the static and artificial dynamic neural network models were evaluated by comparing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the models. First, static and artificial dynamic neural network models were selected in training phase using data from October 1955 to September 1997. Then, using the selected structures, the monthly forecasted inflow of reservoir was compared with observed data from October 1997 to September 2001. Also, two types of radial and sigmoid activation function and the number of neurons in the hidden layer were investigated in this study. Results showed that the best model to forecast the reservoir inflow is autoregressive artificial neural network model associated with the sigmoid activation function and 17 neurons in the hidden layers. Artificial dynamic neural network model with sigmoid activation function can forecast reservoir inflow for 5 years better than static artificial neural networks model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation of Functional Units and Method of Construction of Water Treatment Plants
Fariborz Yousefvand Ramin BayatBackground and purpose: Purified water is one of the most important elements in the health of human societies, so trying to purify water through water treatment plants is justifiable even with high costs. Surface waters often have a greater variety of pollutants than un MoreBackground and purpose: Purified water is one of the most important elements in the health of human societies, so trying to purify water through water treatment plants is justifiable even with high costs. Surface waters often have a greater variety of pollutants than underground waters, and for this reason, treatment processes may be more complicated for such waters. In water treatment plants, the purification process starts through the inlet pipe to the treatment plant and enters the urban water stream by passing through garbage collection structures, aeration, microstrainer, rapid mixing, superpulsator, sand filter and tank. Like the concentrator, the recycling tank and the contaminated mechanical dewatering are divided into two parts that can be treated and cannot be treated, and the non-degradable solids are directed out of the tank. Research method: This article has investigated the construction method and performance of different parts of water treatment plants in an executive and scientific way by reviewing reliable scientific databases and the experiences of the authors. Findings: The performance of different parts of the treatment plant and their construction methods have been analyzed and the importance and position of each part has been discussed. Discussion and conclusion: The process of water purification from the time of entering the water treatment plant to the time of its exit was investigated in detail, including the construction method, which provides useful information for planners, designers and activists in this field Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - تعیین ارتباط میان باکتری های جدا شده با یافتههای اولتراسونوگرافی و اکومورفومتریک پستان، مخزن و سرپستانک گاو ها ی شیری مبتلا به ورم پستان
مجید محمدصادق امیر فرجامی مقدم -
Open Access Article
14 - آنالیز شیر مخزن کل 57 گاوداری اطراف تهران
امیر ابراهیمی مهران فرهودی مقدم پرویز تاجیک قاسم اکبری -
Open Access Article
15 - Analyzing the word "Fortune" in "Eghbalname" and "Makhzan -al-asrar" from the perspective of fatalism regards the analysis of Fairclough 's discourse
marmar hessami Bahram ‎ Parvin Gonabadi asghar dadbehFatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Where MoreFatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Whereas, based on the theories of theorists such as Yule, Brown and Fairclough, discourse analysis is applied to language, it cannot be limited to describing linguistic statements that are independent of the purposes and functions that these statements are designed to address in human affairs. , Given the high frequency of words like "fortune" in the books of many poets and writers, these words should be regarded as "signified" words that carry the meta-semantic and transnational concept, rooted in the subconscious and ideology of their speakers. In this article I will attempt to examine the relationship of these words in "Eghbalname" and "Makhzan -al-asrar” ‘s Nezami poem with Zurvanian fatalism thinking and to analyze the discourse based on Norman Fairclough 's theory of analysis. In this article, while discussing these vocabulary, the persistence and effect of Zurvanian -Mehri fatalism on the thoughts and works of writers and poets, as well as the transmission of this thinking to later periods are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Analysis of Nezami’s Spiritual Journey in His Makhzan Al-Asrar
Fateme Emami -
Open Access Article
17 - Ethical analysis of the parables of Ganjavi's Makhzan al-Asrar based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of stages of moral development
Simin Arami Ali Dehghan Zilla serati Hossein HajizadehAllegorical stories are an effective tool in changing the emotional and intellectual state of the audience and they affect the layers of human existence and cause another perception. In the meantime, an ethical approach to allegory is a purposeful movement that Nizami G MoreAllegorical stories are an effective tool in changing the emotional and intellectual state of the audience and they affect the layers of human existence and cause another perception. In the meantime, an ethical approach to allegory is a purposeful movement that Nizami Ganjai has discussed in, his precious Masnavi, Makhzan al-Asrar. In the speech and behavior of the heroes of his stories, Nizami has depicted the nature and identity of an ideal human being. This feature of Nizami's works has caused the moral behavior of fictional characters to be analyzed based on one of the selected and elite contemporary moral theories of the West and the degree of conformity with its stages and levels to be evaluated. Considering the innate nature of human beings, it seems that moral issues have some common elements among human cultures and societies. But sometimes, the multiplicity of moral theories causes the moral codes to have different addresses among different nations. Research in ethical theories based on one of the richest Iranian and Islamic cultural heritages can confirm the superiority of one of these two assumptions. In this article, the moral behavior of the system people is analyzed for the first time in the framework of a scientific theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Symbols and Signs of Water in Makhzan-ul- Asrar
M. Pakdel F. TavakolSymbol, or sign, stands for something more than what it is. Nezami has been the first poet who has paid attention to the symbols manifesting the mystery of poet’s heart through symbol. He has abundantly used the water symbolism as means of expressing the deep myst MoreSymbol, or sign, stands for something more than what it is. Nezami has been the first poet who has paid attention to the symbols manifesting the mystery of poet’s heart through symbol. He has abundantly used the water symbolism as means of expressing the deep mysteries of Makhzan-ul-Asrar. In his words, there is a kind of interrelationship and prebuilt similarity between words and meanings. In this article, an attempt is made to trace the symbolic significance of water as symbol of honor, sky, world, wine and existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Allegorical stories and their types in Makhzan-ul- Asrar (The treasury of secrets)
H. A. Nazad A. R. YalmehaAllegory is one of the essential literary genre which has been of interest among the speakers; its essentiality is due to the fact that it is the result of thoughts and ideas which has been one in descriptive-analytic method. A variety of allegorical stories, tools and MoreAllegory is one of the essential literary genre which has been of interest among the speakers; its essentiality is due to the fact that it is the result of thoughts and ideas which has been one in descriptive-analytic method. A variety of allegorical stories, tools and elements in Makhzan-ul- Asrar (The treasury of secrets) has been investigated. In this study, after extraction of allegories, the graph of frequencies has been drawn. As a result of this study, Makhzan-ul- Asrar, parable has widely been used as the tale allegory and Nizami has benefited the national epic, religious and historical allusions and animals to express his allegories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra KashanihaOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m MoreOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - دیدگاه نظامی دربارۀ سخن، سخنوری و شاعری
سیدعلی کرامتی مقدم سیدهآمنه حسینی جهانگیر -
Open Access Article
22 - برآورد و بررسی آبدهی مطمئن مخزن سد اکباتان بر اساس سطح اعتمادپذیری نیازهای شرب و کشاورزی شهر همدان
کوشا خاتونی رضا فرزادبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. Moreبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. بنابراین هدف از انجام این پژوهش، برآورد و بررسی میزان اعتمادپذیری سد مخزنی اکباتان شهر همدان بر اساس نیاز آب شرب و کشاورزی است؛ که با توجه به آماره­ی بارش­ های سالانه این حوضه و مدل کردن شبیه ­سازی آبدهی مطمئن در محیط نرم ­افزاری MATLAB به بررسی این امر مهم و اساسی می ­پردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می ­دهد با شبیه­ سازی آبدهی مطمئن سد اکباتان، آبدهی این مخرن با توجه به داده آماری بارش، با هدف تـامین ۹۰ درصد نیـاز شرب و 80 درصد نیاز کشاورزی مخزن سد قادر به تامین این نیازها خواهد بود و می­توان گفت مدل آبدهی تعریف شده در این تحقیق با توجه به توانایی در کاهش کمبودها و جلوگیری از وقوع کمبودهای شدید، جهت تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره­ برداری از سدهای مخزنی مناسب می ­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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23 - مدل بهینهسازی منحنی فرمان جهت بهرهبرداری از مخزن سد دز با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک
عمادالدین شیرالی علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی نرگس ظهرابیهدف از این مطالعه تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره برداری از سد دز با مدل بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک و سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد است. بدین منظور شبیه سازی سیستم منابع آب سد دز با استفاده از اطلاعات پایه بمنظور تعیین قابلیت مخزن سد دز در تأمین اهداف طرح انجام گرفت. برای تهیه من Moreهدف از این مطالعه تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره برداری از سد دز با مدل بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک و سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد است. بدین منظور شبیه سازی سیستم منابع آب سد دز با استفاده از اطلاعات پایه بمنظور تعیین قابلیت مخزن سد دز در تأمین اهداف طرح انجام گرفت. برای تهیه منحنی های فرمان بهره برداری (تقسیم بندی حجم مخزن) از روش الگوریتم که جزء روش های بهینه سازی فراکاوشی است استفاده شد. منحنی های فرمان ابتدا با روش الگوریتم (GA) به دست آمد و سپس با شبیه سازی سیستم و مقایسه نتایج بهینه سازی با سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد (SOP) که یک روش پایه و مبنا برای بهره برداری مخازن معرفی شده است، نتایج مقایسه شد. سیاست جیره‎ بندی در دو سطح منحنی فرمان برای خشکسالی های خفیف و شدید انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با بکارگیری منحنی فرمان، از کمبودهای شدید جلوگیری می شود و کمبودهای ماهانه کاهش می یابد. همچنین نتایج سیاست بهره برداری بر اساس منحنی فرمان و ضریب جیره‎بندی بهینه، کارآمدتر از روش SOP است. به دلیل تلفیق دو مدل شبیه سازی و بهینه سازی، امکان تحلیل و بهینه سازی سیستم های پیچیده با در نظر گرفتن همبستگی های متغیرهای مورد نظر، جریان های ورودی و مؤلفه های مصرف فراهم شد. Manuscript profile -
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24 - بررسی عملکرد الگوریتم شاهین هریس در بهینهسازی مخزن سد
کبری رنجوری مهدی اژدری مقدم سید آرمان هاشمی منفرد سیما اوحدی در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در More در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در نظرگرفتن اهداف مهم چندگانه در کنار یکدیگر و بهصورت همزمان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و به همین جهت لازم است حجم مخزن در هر ماه مدیریت شود؛ زیرا کارایی مخزن در کنترل سیلاب به حجم مخزن و مشخصات ژئومتری آن و سرریز بستگی دارد. در این مطالعه با استفاده از نرمافزار MATLAB و یک الگوریتم بهینه شاهین هریس دادههای سد امیرکبیر کرج به جهت یافتن میزان بهینه برداشت از مخزن سد، نوشته شد و الگوریتم شاهین هریس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. الگوریتم مبتنی بر جمعیت، فرآیند جست­­جو را در دو مرحله اکتشاف و بهره­ برداری انجام میدهد. در الگوریتم شاهین هریس پارامترهایی وجود دارد که تغییر در مقدار آنها بر عملکرد این الگوریتم تأثیر می ­گذارد. در این مطالعه مقدار کمینه تابع هدف در الگوریتم شاهین هریس بررسیشد. با افزایش تعداد تکرارها، مقدار تابع هدف بهبود پیدا می ­کند و بهترین مقدار تابع هدف، در تکرار 64000 با مقدار 8934/25 بود که بهترین عملکرد الگوریتم در این تکرار بهدستآمد. Manuscript profile -
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25 - شبیه سازی بهره برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل Hec-ResSim
مرضیه اکبری رسول میر عباسی نجف آبادی محمد حسین باقریبا توجه به رشد فزاینده تقاضای آب و تنوع نحوه مصرف آب، شبیه­سازی پارامترهای بهرهبرداری مخازن آبی از کاربردی­ترین و ضروری­ترین اقدامات جهت دست­یابی به مدیریت بهینه سدها است. در این مطالعه، نحوه بهره­برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل HEC-ResSim Moreبا توجه به رشد فزاینده تقاضای آب و تنوع نحوه مصرف آب، شبیه­سازی پارامترهای بهرهبرداری مخازن آبی از کاربردی­ترین و ضروری­ترین اقدامات جهت دست­یابی به مدیریت بهینه سدها است. در این مطالعه، نحوه بهره­برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل HEC-ResSim شبیه­سازی گردید. شبیه­سازی با توجه به آبدهی ورودی سال­های آبی 81-1380 تا 91-1390، نیازهای آبی پایین­دست و ویژگی­های فیزیکی و بدنه مخزن انجام گردید. نتایج اولیه نشان داد که مخزن سد در اکثر مواقع قادر به تأمین نیازهای پایین­دست (کشاورزی و زیست­محیطی) نمی­باشد. در نتیجه جهت بررسی عملکرد سد در شرایط مختلف سه سناریو ارائه شد. در این سناریوها تأمین کامل نیاز زیست­محیطی و تأمین درصدی از نیاز کشاورزی با در نظر گرفتن شیوه صحیح آبیاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از تأمین نیازهای پایین­دست در برخی از مواقع بود. با تغییر الگوی کشت و افزایش راندمان آبیاری می­توان بهترین بهره­وری را از آب موجود در این منطقه داشت. Manuscript profile -
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26 - شبیهسازی یک بعدی آبشویی رسوب در مخازن سدها
روزبه آقامجیدیکنترل رسوبات در مخازن سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها میکردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلوگیری میکند. افزایش مق Moreکنترل رسوبات در مخازن سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها میکردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلوگیری میکند. افزایش مقدار رسوبات در مخزن، باعث کاهش عمر مفید سدها و نیز کاهش استفاده از آنها میگردد. برای تخلیه قسمتی از رسوبات مخزن، روشهای مختلفی مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد. آبشویی رسوب درمخزن سد، به علت استفاده از انرژی جریان آب و نیز عدم نیاز به منبع انرژی اضافی، (مانند لایروبی) در مخازن مختلف سراسر دنیا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است و از اولین کزینهها در مدیریت و بهره برداری از سدها و مخازن می باشد. دراین مقاله یک مدل ریاضی یک بعدی با جریان یکنواخت، در مورد آبشویی رسوب در مخزن سد، مورد مطالعه قرار کرفته است. این مدل با فرض داشتن پروفیل اولیه رسوب و نیز حل معادله پیوستگی رسوب و بر اساس روش تفاضلهای محدود تهیه شده است و توانایی محاسبه پروفیل رسوب با زمان را دارد. هم چنین مقدار حجم رسوبات شسته شده و نیز حجم آب مخزن با گامهای زمانی متفاوت در این مدل، محاسبه میگردد. این مدل برای دادههای آزمایشگاهی و دادههای واقعی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج حاصل در مقایسه با مقادیر واقعی، در حد رضایت بخشی بود. لازم به ذکر است که هم گرایی حاصل از تکرار در مدل پس از 40 بار تکرار با خطای کمتر 0.00001روی داد. مقایسه نتایج این مدل با نتایج مدل HEC-6، مزیت این مدل وضعف مدل HEC-6، را در پیشبینی پروفیل بستر فرسایش یافته در اثر ابشویی هیدرولیکی نشان میدهد. مدل HEC-6، معمولا جهت بررسی حرکت یک بعدی جریان رسوبات در مخازن و رودخانهها، استفاده می گردد. Manuscript profile -
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27 - ارزیابی ذرات و بررسی رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا با استفاده از نرمافزار CCHE2D
محمد رضا فرشادی سعید حاجی علی گل جواد احدیان محمد جواد نصر اصفهانیپدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل ر Moreپدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل رایانه ای CCHE2Dکه توانایی انجام محاسبات رسوب را دارد استفاده شده است. برای آماده­سازی مدل، از حجم زیادی اطلاعات شامل مشخصات مقاطع رودخانه در بالادست محل احداث سد، آمار مربوط به دبی روزانه رودخانه، سیلاب­های با دوره بازگشت­های مختلف، دانه­بندی مواد بستر و دیگر اطلاعات مورد لزوم استفاده گردیده است. پس از کالیبره کردن و اجرای نرم افزار، بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا برابر با 89435 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب محاسبه شد و با توجه به نوع حالت بهره­برداری از مخزن و وزن مخصوص انباشته­ها و ضریب تله­اندازی 90 درصد، حجم کل رسوب انباشته شده در مخزن این سد برابر با 241 میلیون مترمکعب خواهد بود که 23/7 درصد حجم کل مخزن سد را پس از 100 سال تشکیل می­دهد. همچنین قسمت اعظم بار رسوبی ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا ذرات سیلت درشت با اندازه 6250/0 - 310/0 میلی­متر و ماسه بسیار ریز با محدوده اندازه 125/0 - 0625/0 میلی­متر را تشکیل می­دهد. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Analysis of the rhetorical elements of the Brotherhood in the linear version of the al-Nishah reservoir
kasra baghayeepoor bahram parvingonabadiBrotherhood and Brotherhood is one of the long-standing varieties of Persian literature and one of the subdivisions of rich literature that the writers of the early Persian literature have been paying attention to. The theme of the Brotherhood is very broad, but it revo MoreBrotherhood and Brotherhood is one of the long-standing varieties of Persian literature and one of the subdivisions of rich literature that the writers of the early Persian literature have been paying attention to. The theme of the Brotherhood is very broad, but it revolves around the axes of praise from friends of kindness, friendly greetings, the splendor of private characters, complaining of day and night, humor and humor.Scholars and scholars of Persian literature have not paid much attention to this literary sub genre and have done little research in this field. Chlorine, its investigation and its various species and some rhetorical techniques have been shown. The findings of this study show that the development of various communication tools in the past has not diminished the prosperity of the Brotherhood, and despite the many changes that the construction of letters and friendly dances has seen in the present century, the tradition of Brotherhood is still observed. .From a close perspective, the results of the study show that the author of this book, and in particular the Brotherhood's letters, pay particular attention to the genres, especially the derivation crimes - which are important in rhetoric - and that the genre is a high frequency point.Attention to the elements of nature, phonetics and repetition are other influential techniques of the text. Also, the Khorasani style of verbs and the use of verbs more in the style of Khorasani are of the style and linguistic features of this brotherhood. Manuscript profile -
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29 - The Reflection of Quran in Exquisite devices of Nizami’s Makhzan-al Asrar
Arezoo BroomandiHakim Nizami Ganjavi (535-595 Hijri) was a 6th-century poet located in Aran, the land of Ravadi and Shadadi Kurds.He was the originator of Khamsa, which is abundantly imitated by various poets of different centuries.His expression is strong and well thought-out, which h MoreHakim Nizami Ganjavi (535-595 Hijri) was a 6th-century poet located in Aran, the land of Ravadi and Shadadi Kurds.He was the originator of Khamsa, which is abundantly imitated by various poets of different centuries.His expression is strong and well thought-out, which has put him amongst the brightest minds in Persian literature.From an artistic point of view, he gravitates towards Metaphors.The usage of Metaphors in Khamsa is a remarkable characteristic of his genre which has caused the researchers to neglect other aspects of his poetic expression.In this article, the author has taken a descriptive-analytical approach while using the available references to study the reflection of the Quran in Makhzan al-Asrar’s Exquisite devices.The results suggest that Nizami has heavily used literal elegancies in this case as well.It is especially seen in the magical way that he has linked Quran verses with figures of speech, which makes distinguishing the two require great precision Manuscript profile -
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30 - Meta-poetry in Nezami`s Makhzan Al-Asrar
Ebrahim EstagiDespite different definitions and interpretations, like meta-language, meta-criticism and metafiction, Meta poetry is essentially applied to a poem that is about poetry itself and the poet consciously focuses on the subject of poetry. Therefore, depending of his views, MoreDespite different definitions and interpretations, like meta-language, meta-criticism and metafiction, Meta poetry is essentially applied to a poem that is about poetry itself and the poet consciously focuses on the subject of poetry. Therefore, depending of his views, the poet explains the nature, the characteristics, and the function of poetry. Among the Persian poets, Nezami Ganjavi is one who most frequently returns to Meta poetry and the best example in this regard is his Makhzan al-Asrar. Besides focusing the main subjects of his poem (unity of God, eulogy of the prophet, moral teaching, etc.) he also deals with the subject of writing, especially writing in verse. Indeed he devotes some whole parts to such subject as the origin of his poem, the virtues of writing, and the value of eloquence. In one of his stanzas (stanza 14th with 66 distiches) one can clearly see a variety of issues, from the proper subject and function of poetry to the moral status of poets and its kinship with prophecy, and from criticism of the eulogists to the relation between poetry and magic, etc. If we include comparison in the realm of meta poetry, besides the examples mentioned above, in the 12th stanza of his book Nezami compares Makhzan al-Asrar with Sanai’s Hadiqa al- Haghigha, where, like every other poet who prefers his own poem, he opines that his work is superior to Sanai’s. In this article, the aim is to identify Nezami’s Meta poetry and to discuss the above issues according to the theories of the poet’s age and current literary theories and to explain the conclusion. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Nezami’s Ascent Or Ecstasy: A Common Mystical Experience
Eshaq Toghiani Asfrayeni Mahboobe HematianAscent, as the end of the mystic’s spiritual flight, has, for a long time, been dealt with by several mystic poets who usually claim to have experienced the voyage to the world beyond. Nizami Ganjavi makes the same claim in his Makhzan Al-Asrar, where he speaks ab MoreAscent, as the end of the mystic’s spiritual flight, has, for a long time, been dealt with by several mystic poets who usually claim to have experienced the voyage to the world beyond. Nizami Ganjavi makes the same claim in his Makhzan Al-Asrar, where he speaks about his ascent in a night as vivid as day. The purpose of this article is to study Panj Ganj in order to deal with this claim and to analyze its reflection in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the speed and geometry of the mixer on the flow distribution in an industrial reactor
Seyed mohammad hasan Mousavizadeh Mahdi HamzeheiIn this project, a three-dimensional investigation of the fluid flow inside a stirred tank inside an industrial reactor has been done to investigate the velocity distribution and heat transfer. To model the stirred tanks and its blades, first the geometry structure was MoreIn this project, a three-dimensional investigation of the fluid flow inside a stirred tank inside an industrial reactor has been done to investigate the velocity distribution and heat transfer. To model the stirred tanks and its blades, first the geometry structure was carefully studied, then the geometry modeling was done using SOLIDWORKS software, then the generated geometry was entered into the Ansys Space claim or Ansys Design Modeler software. After that, meshing is done with Ansys Meshing software, and then appropriate boundary conditions are applied on the stirred tank and its blades. In this project , SST , k-ω turbulence model is used. For meshing, unorganized mesh generation was used, and the average mesh quality, aspect ratio, and elongation for the computational mesh of the tank with an anchor agitator were 0.84, 1.84, and 0.22, and also the flow field inside an agitator tank with a baffle was For the angular speeds of 60 , 120 and 180 rpm , it was simulated for two types of stirrers. By increasing the angular speed of the propeller, the performance of mixers improves and better mixing takes place. Examining the velocity vectors showed that four strong wake regions were formed near the impeller, and two rings were formed on each side, one at the bottom and the other at the top of the stirrer. The first jet circulates to the bottom of the tank and then returns to the propeller area. The second fluid jet also circulates in the upward direction. In the new mixer, there are more high-speed areas in the distance between the bottom of the tank and the impeller compared to the anchor mixer. In fact, the speed is almost twice that of the anchor stirrer. Therefore, the new agitator has a much better performance than the anchor agitator in the bottom areas of the tank. So, the new mixer has a better performance for mixing solid materials that have the possibility of sedimentation. At distances farther from the bottom of the tank, the tank with the anchor stirrer has better mixing than the new stirrer , and this anchor stirrer has more high-velocity areas than the new stirrer. In the new high-speed mixer, the distance between the bottom of the tank and the propeller is greater than that of the anchor mixer. In fact, the speed is almost 2 times that of the anchor stirrer. Therefore, the new stirrer is much better than the anchor stirrer in the bottom areas of the tank. So, the new mixer has a better performance for mixing solid materials that have the possibility of sedimentation. At distances farther from the bottom of the tank, the tank with the anchor stirrer has better mixing than the new stirrer, and in these areas the anchor stirrer has a higher speed than the new stirrer. At a height of y = 0.880 m meters of fluid is divided into four symmetrical jets and the rest of the fluid flows upwards and reaches the free surface , and the speed increases with the height until reaching the height y = 1.330 m , where the length of the vortices decreases and circulates from the impeller to the impeller shaft due to the pumping effect . The speed of the fluid flow in the tank that is stirred by the new propeller is much higher than that of the anchor propeller , so the mixing time with the new propeller is less than that of the anchor propeller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Stability Comparison of the Left and right Bank Mass move of LowerSiahbisheh Dam Reservoir
ناصر Ebadati مرجان Madanipour S.H Mirzeinali yazdiIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerati MoreIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerations as well as the present limitations. With this aim in view,in the first step the field inspections were made and the important terrain features and tectonic elements wereidentified, and after collecting the existing set of subsurface information, in order to determining the depthexpansion of the sliding mass, the displacement of sliding mass was identified using data resulting from theexploratory soil borings (sondage) having been excavated during the dam project studies' procedures. Next, thegeomechanical parameters of the sliding mass were estimated with suitable accuracy for performing the stabilityanalysis and the final instability analyses of the study area were carried out along profiles. Ultimately, thestability analysis results in different conditions: reservoir rapid water drawdown loading, gravity load, theearthquake conditions and the presence of water pressure were evaluated. The results showed that in all sectionsduring loading of rapid drawdown of the reservoir water, the safety factors of the slope will be less than 1 whichis indicative of inevitable failure of the slope. Methods of soil excavation and embankment upstream anddownstream of the sliding mass and the sliding mass and consolidate choice was offered. Excavation andembankment operations performed in this way, at least according to the calculated maximum volume soil worksis left bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of Hydrodynamic flow on oil-water contact tilting in calcareous Sarvak reservoir, Civand field, Persian Gulf
ماهرخ Forood M.R Kamali علی Selgi علی Senobar پوران Nazarian-SamaniThe position of the oil-water contact (OWC) and improving the understanding of tilted OWC in fields, helping toexplain risk analysis and development drilling. Oil-water contact has been defined in all wells of Civand(Sirri C) field utilizing petrophysical logs and confi MoreThe position of the oil-water contact (OWC) and improving the understanding of tilted OWC in fields, helping toexplain risk analysis and development drilling. Oil-water contact has been defined in all wells of Civand(Sirri C) field utilizing petrophysical logs and confirmed using RFT data. Tilted oil-water contact has beenestablished and presented in the field after provided isovalue map of OWC and using well correlation map indifferent direction. The oil-water contact has been tilted close to 0.5 degrees westward. Hydrodynamic flow andits direction was defined Based on calculated potentiometric surface in the studied wells and potentiometric andisosalinity maps. The results show that oil-water contact tilting has been associated to hydrodynamic flow inSarvak (Mishrif) aquifer in east-west direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The role of diagenetic processes associated with discontinuity in the development on Sarvak formation reservoir quality (Kupal oilfield)
Hoseen Rahim Poor Bonab Zeinab Alishvandi Ali Kadkhodai Mehran Arian -
Open Access Article
36 - Petrophysical evaluation of Asmari formation in Galenar oilfield located in Dezful Embayment
Akram Eivazinejad Mahdi ZareGalenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbo MoreGalenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbon reservoir in Dezful Embayment therefore in this paper petrophysicalevaluation in Asmari formation is studied with use of Geolog software that including of lithology, shale volume, porosityand water saturation. Accordingly the appropriate zones with good economical exploration are identified. Based oneva1uation Asmari formation has three reservoir zones. The mean porosity in A1 zone is 2%,the mean water saturation is55% and the mean shale volume is 7.5%.the mean porosity in A2 zone is 12%,the mean water saturation is 45% and themean shale volume is 37.5%,the mean porosity in A3 zone is 5%,the mean water saturation is 40% and the shale volumeis 35%.with comparison of other oilfields in Dezful Embayment, porosity and water saturation of A1 and A2 zones aresimilar to BH-51 in Bibihakimeh oilfield. Therefore, the extraction of Bibihakimeh oilfield is economical than Galenaroilfield. Galenar oilfield is the less porosity than the result of core analysis in Ahwaz oilfield. Therefore, Galenar oilfield isthe less economical than Ahwaz oilfield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation of water production Asmari Reservoir in Doroud Oil Field wells
اصغر GHobadi جعفر Ali M.R Rajoli زینب AlishonadiIn this study, geological information, results of petrophysical analysis and production data were usedto determine reasons for water production from Asmari reservoir in Doroud Oil field and tried topresent suitable methods for controlling water production.According to t MoreIn this study, geological information, results of petrophysical analysis and production data were usedto determine reasons for water production from Asmari reservoir in Doroud Oil field and tried topresent suitable methods for controlling water production.According to this study the main reason forhigh water production is due to coning. Low anisotropy (vertical-horizontal permeability ratio) andhigh drowdown pressure are the main reasons for water coning. Chocking back the wells is the firststep to prevent water coning, however, utilizing dual completion and injection of gel polymer are tworemedial actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Study of Source-Sink Relations by Comparison of Weight and Grain in the Modern and Old Wheat Cultivars
Mehdi Joudi shahram mehriSeed filling in wheat is controlled by the availability of substrate (source strength), the capacity of the organs to utilize it for seed growth (sink strength). The aim of this research was to study source-sink relations in wheat, through seed weight and grain number i MoreSeed filling in wheat is controlled by the availability of substrate (source strength), the capacity of the organs to utilize it for seed growth (sink strength). The aim of this research was to study source-sink relations in wheat, through seed weight and grain number in new and old wheat cultivars. The experiment was performed at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Research Farm (University of Mohaghegh Ardabili) during 2010-2011 growing season. The plant materials (81 wheat cultivars) were evaluated using a simple lattice design with two replications under well-watered condition. The results showed that there were significant differences for measured agronomic and physiologic traits among wheat cultivars tested. Overall, new wheat cultivars showed high values of seed yield as compared with the old ones. This trend was also observed in the cases of harvest index (HI) and grain number per square meter. There were no significant differences in biological yield and 1000-grain weight between old and new cultivars. Spike dry weight measured at anthesis and physiologic maturity and also partitioning photoassimilates to the spike during anthesis-physiologic maturity phases increased more in new cultivars than old ones. Increased grain number in new wheat cultivars and the lack of significant changes in 1000-seed weight suggests that seed yields of the cultivars used under the condition tested are controlled more by sink than source strength. Under conditions tested, it seems that increased grain number, either in plant level or in square meter, might be considered as a way to assess increased seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Source-Sink Relationship in Wheat as Affected by Planting Date
Shorangiz Tavanaee Shahram LackTo evaluate effect of photosynthate availability under terminal heat stress on yield and yield components of wheat, this research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Farm of Is MoreTo evaluate effect of photosynthate availability under terminal heat stress on yield and yield components of wheat, this research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz in 2015 cropping season. Treatments were defoliation in four levels: removal of two upper leaves, flag leaf removal, complete removal of spikelet at one side of spike and control (non-manipulated) which assigned to main plots and three planting date including (Nov. 21st , Dec. 5st and Dec. 21st ) to subplots. Results showed that defoliation had significant effect on number of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index at one percent probability level. Planting date also affected number of spike/m2, number of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index significantly at one percent probability level. The interaction effect of defoliation and planting date on the number of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index was also significant. The highest grain yield (5691 kg.ha-1) belonged to the control treatment (no defoliation) at first planting date (Nov. 21st). This was due to the not coinciding filling periods to terminal heat stress of growing season where maximum assimilates were produced. The lowest grain yield (2123 kg.ha-1) belonged to delayed sowing and removal of spikelet at one side of spike. Maturity of plants during 3rd planting date (Dec. 21st) was coincided to heat stress and thus reduced assimilate production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Abundance and distribution of zooplankton in Arasbaran reservoir dam
سیدمحمد صلواتیان علی عابدینی جلیل سبکآراIn order to identify, density and distribution of zooplankton and its changes over from winter 2009 to summer 2010 in the 3-stage sampling was performed. A sample stuck with huge plankton net 55 microns (Judy Net) was performed, than 4% formalin fixed samples of an inve MoreIn order to identify, density and distribution of zooplankton and its changes over from winter 2009 to summer 2010 in the 3-stage sampling was performed. A sample stuck with huge plankton net 55 microns (Judy Net) was performed, than 4% formalin fixed samples of an inverted microscope in a laboratory study. Investigation totally distinguished 31 Genus in 6 Phylums among of genus. In this regard, the following series of Protozoa and branches Rhizopoda 5 genus, Ciliophora 2 genus, branch of Gastrotricha 1 genus, Nematoda phylum 20 genera Rotatoria branch and the branch Arthropoda and the order Cladocera 2 genus with embryonic stage and the category Copepoda 1 genus with them nauplius and were Chironomidae family respectively. The combined population of the lake zooplanktons Arasbaran most diverse branches of the genera Rotatoria Polyarthra, Synchaeta, Brachionus, Keratella, and Trichocerca the greatest diversity and abundance of this category is in the spring. In total, an average of 1,179 per liter Rotatoria 69 percent in the lake had the largest population. Between zooplankton abundance at different stations and months there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In the summer season with another two seasons showed significant differences (P<0.05). Biological studies showed that plankton production potential Rotatoria branch in the lake at almost a high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - جلوههای عرفان در مظهرالآثار هاشمی کرمانی
مهرداد چترایی -
Open Access Article
42 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Level Control of Three Tank System Based on Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
Meysam Gheisarnezhad Hamed MojallaliFractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of standard PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared with the Standard PID controller, two adjustable variables “differential order” and “integral order” are added to the MoreFractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of standard PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared with the Standard PID controller, two adjustable variables “differential order” and “integral order” are added to the PID controller.Three tank system is a nonlinear multivariable process that is a good prototype of chemical industrial processes. Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA), that was recently introduced has shown its good performance in optimization problems. In this study, Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) has been presented. The aim of the paper is to compare different controllers tuned with a Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) for Three Tank System. In order to compare the performance of the optimized FOPID controller with other controllers, Genetic Algorithm(GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Numerical Investigation of the Reinforced Concrete rectangular liquid storage structure (CRLSS) under blast impact by LBE method
Ali Ahmadi Zadeh Kaveh Nezamisavojbolaghi Alaaddin Behravesh Mohsen ParvizLiquid Storage refers to structures utilized to store water in the water supply and refueling systems of industrial estates and refineries. These structures are also widely used in industrial areas and nuclear facilities. In the field of energy industry and macroeconomi MoreLiquid Storage refers to structures utilized to store water in the water supply and refueling systems of industrial estates and refineries. These structures are also widely used in industrial areas and nuclear facilities. In the field of energy industry and macroeconomics, protection of resources and storage structures is considered as one of the important and strategic necessities. The present research investigated an unburied concrete reinforced liquid storage structure (CRLSS) with dimensions of 1 × 1 × 4 m under impact of blast with different TNT masses of 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 kg at 2.5, 4 and 5.5 meters at both lateral and upper positions of the surrounding wall of the CRLSS. Load blast enhanced (LBE) and LS-DYNA, a non-linear dynamic software, were applied for modeling and explicit solution modeling was used to model the shock caused by the blast wave. The impact of shock, pressure and damage to the CRLSS has been investigated after validating the numerical method by laboratory studies by changing the distances and masses of TNT in both lateral and upper positions of the CRLSS. The results indicate that the most critical situation is when TNT is in the lateral position at 2.5 meters from CRLSS, and impact of blast shock and pressure on the CRLSS increased by approximately 20%, 30%, 36% and 43% by increasing the amount of TNT to 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 times, respectively. Based on the results, the reduction of the amount of damage and the spread of damage in the body of the CRLSS has occurred with the increase of the height of the fluid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis of the word "Fortune" in "Makhzan –al asrar" from the perspective of fatalism based on the Structural linguistics theories
marmar hesami bahram parvin gonabadi asghar dadbehFatalism is one of the issues in the field of philosophy of science that has found its way into literature. Based on the assessments of the academics' hypothesis, structuralism is the analysis of language in the habit of words. In this method, the features of a language MoreFatalism is one of the issues in the field of philosophy of science that has found its way into literature. Based on the assessments of the academics' hypothesis, structuralism is the analysis of language in the habit of words. In this method, the features of a language are codes, and the language system cannot be limited to describing linguistic forms independent of transnational functions. Given the high frequency of the word “Fortune” in the scripts of poets, these words should be considered as figurative words that are rooted in the subconscious of their utterers. In this article, the relationship between such words in "Makhzan –al asrar "and Zorvani's fatalism is observed and the method of analysis based on the theory of structuralism is the spotting of words at the meta-semantic level. While observing these words, the effect of fate on the thoughts of poets and their transfer to later periods has been discussed. In the end, it is concluded by presenting evidence that although Nezami expresses Ash'ari theological opinions, but when using words such as Bakht; It follows the pattern of Zorvani-Zoroastrian believed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Estimation of evaporation from Dez regulatory dam station pan using artificial neural network
mehdi najafvand derikvandi hossein eslamiMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the int MoreMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the interaction of these variables is very complex, so it must be accurate methods to be used in the evaporation study. In this study, artificial neural networks were used to estimate the pan evaporation of Dez regulating dam station. As ANN hyperbolic tangent function and the learning momentum was used. Multilayer Perceptron structure which used a network of six input neurons, three hidden layer and an output neuron was formed. Input layers include maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed, relative humidity and an average rate of evaporation from water surface to the output layer. The relationship between climatic factors showed that the average temperature on the surface evaporation caused more than sunshine and wind speed. High coefficient of determination (92/0) between the actual data with simulated data with artificial neural network plus a small error (RMSE = 1.41) showed that the estimate accuracy is very high. Verification by t-test revealed no significant (P> 0.01) differences were between actual and estimated values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Determining the Overflow Discharge of Marun Dam
Ebrahim Nohani valiolah partovi ziaFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not MoreFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not confined to the physical parameters. Artificial neural networks are based on use of embedded knowledge between input and output variables of a problem, regardless of physical aspects and these networks are able to extract inherent relation of the input and output and they can generalize the obtained relation to other situations and cases. In the present research, the information related to the overflow of Marun Storage Dam was adopted. The input parameters of ANN model are as follows: day, month, water surface elevation, water sharing percent and output parameters overflow discharge of storage dam. The models employed in artificial neural networks include FF, JEN, MLP and RBF. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Estimation of Run-off Using Simple Tank Model in Dez River Basin
Hojatola Alale Mohsen Shafieinia Fateme BadieRun-offs are considered as important hydrological factors in feasibility studies of river engineering and irrigation-related projects under arid and semi-arid condition. Flood control is one of the crucial factor, the management of which while mitigates its destructive MoreRun-offs are considered as important hydrological factors in feasibility studies of river engineering and irrigation-related projects under arid and semi-arid condition. Flood control is one of the crucial factor, the management of which while mitigates its destructive consequences, abstracts considerable volume of renewable water resources. The methodology applied here was based on Mizumura, which applied a mathematical model for simple tank to simulate the rainfall-run-off process in a particular water basin using the data from the observational hydrograph. The model was applied in the Dez River water basin to simulate and estimate the floods. The water tank has a horizontal cross-sectional area, which is a function of the water depth and which may be determined from the recession curves of flood hydrographs. The total vertical depth of the water tank and the infiltration velocity, which govern the time lag between rainfall and runoff, are computed from the rising limbs of the flow hydrograph. Results indicated that the calculated hydrographs using the simple tank method and the observation hydrographs had a close proximity. Results also showed a linear relation between the rainfall and run-off. It was found that the recession curve slope is constant for the subsurface and underground flows under different conditions, quite similar to the results arrive at by. There was however a considerable variation in the surface run-off from one flooding to the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Reassembly of Seyyed Hassan Water Treatment Plant's Transmission Engineering to Waterfront Reservoir No. 1 in Abkhakhozestan with Water James
Seyed Mehdi Hosseini ali asareh -
Open Access Article
50 - Dynamic Analysis of Earthquake-Damaged Concrete Dam by Reservoir Modeling and Consideration of Dam Interaction with Reservoir
Reza Hajisharafi Shadi kuchackdezfuli -
Open Access Article
51 - .
mostafa resalat mozhgan mohammadi -
Open Access Article
52 - The relationship between literature and ethics, an approach to Nezami Ganjei's works
eshagh Toghyani hafez hatamiIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to th MoreIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to this question other questins will arise such as following "what is the relationship between ethics and literature and generally speaking art?" Do we want art and literature spread ethics or ant-ethics in the society? Are ehics and literature separated? Afterwards, the lingual differences of Nezami in his long poems mostly Haft Peykar will help us solving the riddle.without a doubt, in this comparison, we come across with the obvious differences in the language of this great poet with abundenant frequency in such away that it can be called style change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - .Nezami Ganjavi’s approach to Parable of animals in Makhzan ol-‘asrar: From a didactic point of view
Nahid Ja’fari Zahra Bakhshi Pish Kenari.Using characters of animals have been common in stories and tales of Persian literature. These kinds of stories have written for teaching and publishing moral and mystical matters. Speakers of these kinds of stories show evil attribute of animals and their result in fo More.Using characters of animals have been common in stories and tales of Persian literature. These kinds of stories have written for teaching and publishing moral and mystical matters. Speakers of these kinds of stories show evil attribute of animals and their result in form of a story and sometimes point to its moral and mystical result directly. In Persian literature, especially in Iraqi period, plenty of educational and mystic books have written that use these kinds of stories. In this research, in purpose of knowing parables of these books and their speakers, two mystic books of Iraqi period have chosen, and animal symbols and characters have studied on them. These books show that these four speakers use animals for telling their aim in different ways. Furthermore, symbols of animals sometimes have used for telling bad attributes and sometimes have used as story characters instead of human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - .
Abbas Vaezzadeh Hamed Noruzi Seyyedeh Fatemeh Shojazadeh Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
55 - The effectiveness of Khwaju Kermani in Rowżat-al-anwār from Nezami Ganjei’s Makhzan al Asrar
parvin dokht mashhoor reza jaliliNezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Ne MoreNezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Nezami in Khamse. Rowżat-al-anw’s Khwaju, as he called it, was written to imitate Makhzan al-Asrar. This imitation is manifested both in the form and content. One of the most important aspects of the effectiveness of content is reflected in the field of education. Therefore, what will be explored in future research are guidelines of praise and criticism similar to that Khwaju under the influence of the Nezami in the Rozatol al-anvar. The research method is descriptive-analytical; results show that the main approaches taken by two poets in teaching and praising, based on frequency, are as the following: "The praise of reason and thought, '' praise of humility and forgetting", "praise of the generosity and mercy", " the voluntary giving of help to people", "appealing to God and obedience to him, '' Attention to Heart, "" praise of good companion and finally" praise of silence and reticence. In connection with the criticism views of Nezami and Khajooyei’s, the following itms could be mentioned: “world criticism and its belongings", "criticism of injustice and oppression", "criticism of the fanatics 'and' criticism of hypocrisy" . Of he mentioned criticism world criticism and its belongings is the most frequently ones in both book of poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study the effect of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield Physiology of Sunflower
Ahad Madani farshid vazin Alireza ZamaniTo investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of MoreTo investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of two levels of spraying in flowering time (N1) and control (N2) in the main plots. Defoliation consists of five levels: Control (D1), 1/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D2), 2/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D3), 1/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D4), 2/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D5). In nitrogen deficiency conditions, by cutting 1/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, grain yield increased by 28% (0.54 to 0.75 kg ha-1) compared to control treatment .In the conditions of nitrogen consumption, after removing the 2/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, the amount of dry matter transfer reallocation from the stem to the grain showed a significant increase compared to the control, while in the conditions of non-nitrogen consumption, defoliation treatments had a slight effect on the contribution of stem reserves. Under the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, the negative effect of sink size restriction on grain yield is more than the negative effect of source strength restriction. constraints than the source power limitations On the practice Gain rejection is more. Plant breeders focus their programs to increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption in order to increase the strength of the sink and reduce extra leaves with low efficiency in grain filling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینهسازی مخزن در سد کهیر
علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امایکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ Moreکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش­بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه­سازی محاسبه می­کند. این الگوریتم با مدل­سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه­سازی ریاضی ارائه می­دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم­ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه­سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست­های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی­های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه­سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - تخمین تراوایی با استفاده از روش واحدهای جریان هیدرولیکی و شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی در مخزن داریان میدان نفتی رشادت
فواد رسالت محمد موسوی روحبخش جعفر آلی سیامک زارع -
Open Access Article
59 - تخمین تراوایی و تخلخل موثر و تعیین واحدهای جریان هیدرولیکی با استفاده از شبکه ی عصبی مصنوعی در میدان نفتی مارون
محمد آغاجریان محمدرضا کمالی علی کدخدایی صادق فتحاللهی -
Open Access Article
60 - تفسیر داده های نفوذپذیری و خورند سیمان در عملیات تزریق تحکیمی سد مخزنی چراغ ویس کردستان بر اساس زمین شناسی زیر ساختگاه سد
جمال زادهش فواد رستگار حسین میرزائی نصیرآباد حاصل امینی خوشالان -
Open Access Article
61 - The feasibility study of implementation of “5s” system in the repository and reference division of the National Library of Iran
shokouh tafreshi Zainabe SafaviPurpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of applying “5s “system in resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Methodology: In this research data are Collected through measuring. MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of applying “5s “system in resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Methodology: In this research data are Collected through measuring. The society of this research is resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Data collected through 5 checklist that were designed and customize with 5s system standard checklist. Collected data from each s analyzed by k2 test and median test. Findings: Evaluation shows that 14.9 % of total cases doesn't observe the 5s system. 12.04 % is in poor level, 13.8% is in significant level, 20.8 % is in well level and 38.3 % is in complete level of observing 5s system. Conclusion: resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran are in a relatively good situations regarding to applying 5s system. There is possibility of applying 5s system in level below (the error) 0/05 as error in information division of National library of Iran and the hypothesis of this research confirms. Also managers should pay more attention to S5 and learning conceptions of that among employees of resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - «مخزن الانشاء پایان بخش سنت ترسل مجموعه مراسلات» (بازخوانی مخزن الانشاء از نگاه نو تاریخی گری)
بهرام پروین گنابادی کسری بقایی پور -
Open Access Article
63 - The Functions of Recognition and Heart Emotions in Mowlavi’s Masnavi and Nezami’s Makhzanaolasrar
fatemeh ahmadi masoumeh sadeghiHeart is considered as one of the most important conceptual phenomena in Gnosticism literature and it is the human principles and truth from which the human level originates. This research with descriptive and analytical method and comparatively contrasts of these two I MoreHeart is considered as one of the most important conceptual phenomena in Gnosticism literature and it is the human principles and truth from which the human level originates. This research with descriptive and analytical method and comparatively contrasts of these two Iranian poets. Mowlavi and Nezami and their great works Masnavi and Makhzan –al- Asrar deals with the cognitive and emational Functions of the heart and explain the similarities and differences between them. The findings of this research indicate that they Mowlavi and Nezami have been affected by Imam Mohammad Ghazali’s doctrines. In the discussion of the heart which is the truth of human existence. The discussed certainty in expressing the cognitive Function of the heart. Mowlavi pondered certainty until the stage of hagholyaghin, while Nezami contemplated it until Elmolyaghin. In emotional functions, both poets have pored over grief, devotion and love, whereas concepts like fervency, expansion and astonishments have also been considered in Masnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluation of Source and Sink relationship in two sunflower hybrids
M. Yarnia A. RahmatiStudy of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and MoreStudy of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and Alstar) and four seed elimination (without elimination, one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds, and one third of anthodium central seeds) were conducted with three replications during 2004 in Tabriz. Seed elimination was done after full pollination. Results showed that there were significant differences between two hybrids in all characters, except 1000 kernel weight and seed thickness. 1000 kernel weight and seed dimensions increased by seed elimination but kernel/grain ratio decreased. Azargol and Alstar shoved 3.9 % and 6.9 % increasing in 1000 kernel weight respectively. 1000 kernel weight in control was 75.43 grams and in one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds and one third of anthodium central seed were 81.37, 78.83 and 78.21 gr, respectively. Increasing 1000 kernel weight in elimination levels in related to control showed the source limitation of these hybrids and there was higher source limitation in Alstar than Azargol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexes of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid KSC704 in water deficit stress
Meysam Oveisi Mohamad javad Mirhadi Hamid Madani GHorban Noormohammadi Reza Zarghami The effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexesof corn was studied in Varamin, Iran, during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with split More The effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexesof corn was studied in Varamin, Iran, during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with split plot arrangement. The irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots. The intensity and time of defoliation combination were allotted to sub plots. In moderate irrigation plots, the irrigation was done when the soil water content reached to 75% of available water content. In under stress plots, two short periods of water-holding were applied at V8 and tasseling growth stages. Defoliation treatments were consisted of: Control, cutting 1:3 of leaves at V8, cutting of 2:3 of leaves at V8, Cutting 1:3 of leaves at tasseling and cutting 2:3 of leaves at tasseling. This result showed that remobilization efficiency of stem reserves for grain yield is mostly related to sink capacity than source strength. Under moderate irrigation, later or more intensity defoliation decreased the RGR. While under drought stress, cutting the 2/3 of leaves did not decrease the relative growth rate. The improved NAR due to defoliation caused to compensate the decreased leaf area. So, late and more intensity defoliation could not decrease the CGR. The grain yield of 8.9 t ha-1 was attained by moderate irrigation which was a results of 16.4% and 27.3% greater biomass and harvest index compared to the water stress conditions. This indicates that pot-anthesis water deficiency decreased the sink capacity more than source strength. The results showed that under water deficiency and source strength restriction, the stem reserves play an important role in grains filling process. But under high soil water supply, these reserves will be needed when the source strength is limited after flowering stage. Under moderate irrigation, there were not significant differences among defoliation treatment for remobilization efficiency of reserves from stem to grains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investig ation of sink – source relations in different planting systems rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Fajr cultivar
S. A. Sadeghi S. Ghanbari H. R. Mobasser E. Rahimi PetroudiInorder to investijation the effect of source and sink relationship and the planting systems in the rice of Fajr cultivar, an experiment performed in the rice investigations institute of researches center in Amol at 2010. This experiment performed as split plot with 3 r MoreInorder to investijation the effect of source and sink relationship and the planting systems in the rice of Fajr cultivar, an experiment performed in the rice investigations institute of researches center in Amol at 2010. This experiment performed as split plot with 3 replication. Different planting system including three levels (traditional planting, improved planting and SRI planting) were cutting in main plots and 3 levels of sink- source relations (omitting)1/3 panicle, omitting flag leaf and control in flowering) were allocated in sub plots. maximum grain yield(873/9 gram at m2) produced under system of improved planting. Grain yield has significant increasing in the improved planting compared to traditional and or SRI planting to 18/3% and 25/1 % respectively; because maximum and minimum number of empty spikelet in the panicle obtained respectively for SRI and improved planting systems. Minimum number of empty spikelet in the per panicle producedin cutting of 1/3 panicle that has significant decrease in comparision to control at 39/5 ratio that showing limitation of photo synthesis source in the fair cultivar. Number of empty spikelet at ten panical obtained by cutting of flag leaf have increased about 7/3% compared with control that showing importance of filled in spikelet the flag leaf. Grain yield decreased about 16/4% by cutting flag leaf compared to control. Treatment Intraction effect of different planting systems with source- sink relations was significant only on the number of empty spikelet on panicle, statistically 5 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Studying the Stories of " The Makhzanol Asrar " from Nezami Ganjavi with Incipient Structural Critical Approach by Lucien Goldmann
Fatemeh Hajati Bardmili Ziba EsmailiAbstract Lucien Goldmann introduces every literary work as a meaningful structure which is under the impact of its socio-economic problems in its own time. The true creator of a work is not an individual but the representative MoreAbstract Lucien Goldmann introduces every literary work as a meaningful structure which is under the impact of its socio-economic problems in its own time. The true creator of a work is not an individual but the representative of the social group which the creator is one of its creative member. The Makhzanol Asrar has three distinct parts, each of which has meaningful structure. This research studies the current problems of its time with library method and descriptive-analytic approach about Nezami's military stance on the contemporary problems.To attain this aim, we initially explain the fundamental implications of incipient criticism of Lucien Goldmann, later on the stories which are investigable are selected and in two-level process they are explained; that's, having grasped the internal structure of each story, the generality of the work together with the comprehensive foundations of the time of composing are connected with each other and adducing to the historical resources the results of the studies showed that the view point of mystic-protesting of social groups of military was deviated from the fundamental social reality of its time and chaotic situation from the feudalism in Iran in the era of the Saljuques ( injustice, cruelty, massacre , plunder and leading the policy toward religion ) has encompassed the soul of the stories of the Makhzanol Asrar like a halo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی مراحل شکلدهی و ساخت جداره فلزی مخازن CNG به روش المان محدود
مهدی ظهور محسن رحیمیاناز مخازن گاز طبیعی فشرده یا CNG، در انواع خودروها استفاده میشود. تولید انبوه این مخازن، به بررسی دقیق مراحل شکلدهی و پارامترهای مؤثر بر فرایند ساخت، در هر مرحله از شکلدهی نیاز دارد. از آن جا که مخازن تحت فشار، باید بدون درز ساخته شوند، روش ساخت جداره فلزی این نوع مخا Moreاز مخازن گاز طبیعی فشرده یا CNG، در انواع خودروها استفاده میشود. تولید انبوه این مخازن، به بررسی دقیق مراحل شکلدهی و پارامترهای مؤثر بر فرایند ساخت، در هر مرحله از شکلدهی نیاز دارد. از آن جا که مخازن تحت فشار، باید بدون درز ساخته شوند، روش ساخت جداره فلزی این نوع مخازن، شامل استفاده از یک بلانک اولیه و انجام عملیات شکلدهی کشش عمیق و بازکشش و نازک کاری و در نهایت شکلدهی چرخشی برای شکلدهی سر مخزن و گلویی آن میباشد. در این مقاله ابتدا به مقدمهای از تاریخچه تولید این مخازن و روشهای ساخت آنها اشاره شده است. سپس از روش المان محدود، برای شبیهسازی مراحل اولیه شکلدهی جداره فلزی یک مخزن CNG آلومینیومی، استفاده شده است. شبیه سازی فرایند ساخت، شامل مراحل کشش عمیق سرد، بازکشش سرد و در نهایت، دو مرحله نازک کاری دیواره (بدون در نظر گرفتن شکلدهی چرخشی داغ، جهت بستن سر مخزن) میباشد. همچنین بین شبیهسازی مراحل شکلدهی، از فرایند بازپخت (آنیلینگ) جهت تنشزدایی استفاده شد. نیروی لازم برای شکلدهی و همچنین تغییر ضخامت بلانک در هر مرحله از شکلدهی مخزن، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج شبیه سازی با نتایج منتشر شده توسط سایر محققان مقایسه و تطابق خوبی بین نتایج مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of source-sink limitation on agronomic traits and grain yield of different lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Morteza Moballeghi Nuralah Kheyri Saleh Hatami Ali MohaddesiIn order to study the effect of source-sink limitations on agronomic traits and grain yield of different lines of rice, a field experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Chaparsar Rice Research station of Maz MoreIn order to study the effect of source-sink limitations on agronomic traits and grain yield of different lines of rice, a field experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Chaparsar Rice Research station of Mazandaran province in 2013. Treatments of source-sink limitation in four levels (including cutting of flag leaf, cutting of one third the end of panicle, cutting of other leaves except flag leaf and control or without limitation) and lines of rice in four levels (line of No. 3, line of No. 6, line of No. 7 and line of No. 8) were the treatments. Among different lines, the maximum 1000-grain weight and panicle fertility percentage were obtained in lines of No.7 (33.3 gr) and 8, respectively. The maximum panicle length (29.7 cm), number of fertile tiller per plant (21.4 N.o) and unfilled grain number per panicle (71.5 N.o) were observed in line of No. 3, but the line of No.6 had the highest total grain number per panicle (210.9). Among different source-sink limitation treatments, increased the panicle length and unfilled grain number per panicle and decreased the panicle fertility percentage, when all leaves except flag leaf removed. Also interaction effect of two factor showed that the highest grain yield (6531 kg.ha-1 was obtained in line of No.7 and control treatment. The lowest grain yield (4166.3) kg.ha-1 was observed in line of No.6 and cutting of leaves except flag leaf. In general, it can be concluded that among lines, the line of No.7 had the sink limitation and other lines (No.3, No.6 and No.8) had the source limitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Content Analysis and Criticism of Makhzan al-asrar
Khorshid NourouziMakhzan al-asrar is the first of the fifth treasures of Nezami Ganjavi whose enormous semantic ambiguities and sophistications challenged many scholars to comment and interpret its verses. In this article attempt is made to criticize and analyze the contents of co MoreMakhzan al-asrar is the first of the fifth treasures of Nezami Ganjavi whose enormous semantic ambiguities and sophistications challenged many scholars to comment and interpret its verses. In this article attempt is made to criticize and analyze the contents of commentaries written on this masterpiece. In addition to familiarizing the reader with the complex verses of this Masnavi, compiling and evaluating different shades of meanings explained by the commentators, correcting the errors made in the paraphrasing of some verses, selecting the most correct meaning of verses, and also recognizing the source of discord between commentators’ point of views reflected in their commentaries on Makhzan al-asrar are purposes of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Sedimentary environment, reservoir quality and biostratigraphy of the Dariyan Formation in one of the southeast Persian Gulf fields
Minasadat Hashemi Davood Jahani Seyed Mohsen Aleali Ali Kadkhodaie Bita ArbabAbstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of th MoreAbstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of the sedimentary environment, seven carbonate microfacies and one mixed carbonate-clastic microfacies were identified, which represent the deposition of the Dariyan Formation in four facies belts, including the inner ramp, middle ramp, outer ramp and deep basin. Also, uniform facies changes, the absence of rudists forming large reefs and the replacement of Lithocodium algae with them indicate the homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. In biostratigraphic studies based on foraminifera and calcareous algae, five biozones were identified, which represent the Aptian age for this formation. By combining the geological studies, the results obtained from the routine analysis of the cores and the evaluation of petrophysical logs, the reservoir quality of this formation was also studied, which indicated the good reservoir quality in parts of these deposits and especially the layers bearing Lithocodium algae. Based on these studies, the Dariyan Formation is one of the important reservoir formations in the east of the Persian Gulf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Data-based mechanistic modeling of rainfall-runoff process, case study: upper Karoun subbasin data analysis
Navid Jalalkamali Hossein Sedghi A major part of hydrological researches focused on complex and non-linear rainfall-runoff process. Mathematical models were presented to describe this process including a wide range from simple black-box representation to complex physically-based mode More A major part of hydrological researches focused on complex and non-linear rainfall-runoff process. Mathematical models were presented to describe this process including a wide range from simple black-box representation to complex physically-based models. Considering inherent uncertainty associated with the process as a result of uncertain input variables and uncertain calibrated parameters, stochastic modeling seemed preferable to deterministic approaches. In this study, data-based mechanistic modeling (DBM) was selected to identify non-linearities of the process. The method is categorized as a stochastic approach relying upon recursive parameter estimation using Kalman filtering algorithm in state space system of equations. In addition, it is capable to reflect a physical interpretation of rainfall-runoff conversion to describe the behavior of the system. The later capability differs it from other black-box modeling approaches. In this research, a parallel structure of flow routes was identified in upper-Karoun subbasin of the great Karoun catchment. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method and the reliability of the presented model were quantified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Physiological limiting factors of yield in different varieties of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., by changing source – sink relationships
Ali Reza Goharbari davod Eradatmand Asli mojtaba Usefirad In order to determine the physiological limiting factors of yield in different varieties of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Islami More In order to determine the physiological limiting factors of yield in different varieties of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad university, Saveh branch in 2006-2007. Two large grain, Mahdavi, and small grain, Falat, wheat varieties were the main factors and removing flag leaf blade, removing three upper leaves, thinning of 50 percent of plants, removing of flag leaf blade and thinning of 50 percent of plants, removing of three upper leaves and thinning of 50 percent of plants and a control were considered as sub factors. The analysis of data showed that thinning of 50 percent of plants increased grain dry matter significantly in both cultivars. Removal of leaves decreased grain dry matter in Mahdavi cultivar more than Falat. Results showed positive reaction of small grain cultivar than large grain one in case of source limitation. Manuscript profile
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