-
Open Access Article
1 - Identification and Classification of Albarello Pottery Wares in the Muslim World: An Introduction
Sayed Hashem Hossini Hossein SapidnamehOne of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of th MoreOne of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of this pottery form so far. This research aimed to investigate and identify this pottery form and its decoration properties in Muslim world from Iran to the north of Africa. Based on the study performed, Albarello potteries can be classified under two groups: the potteries with a cylindrical and slightly concave (vase-shaped) body and those with a convex body. Cylindrical concave potteries are utilized for keeping dry drugs such as spices and ointment, and convex potteries are used for storing liquid drugs. The production of these potteries has been widespread in Iran since the 4th century AH. The expansion of pottery techniques in the middle of Seljuqs dynasty has had a direct relationship with the mass production of these potteries (Luster pottery) in Iran and western regions of the Islamic world such as Syria, Egypt, and Spain. References Akbari, Raheleh, Barrisī wa Muṭāliih- yi Madjmūa- yi Sufālhāyi Zarrīnfām- i Makhzan- i Mūza- yi čihil-Sutūn (Chehel Sotoun), Master's Thesis Akbarnia, ladan “The route of the travelers Egypt and Syria the mamluk”, the worlds of Islam in the collection of the agha khan museum, pp.124-135, 2009. archaeology, ­ Isfahan University of Art(Unpublished), 1391/ 2012. Allan, JamesWilson, Sufālgarī-yi Islāmī (Islamic ceramics), Trans. Mahnaz Shayestehfar, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Bahnassi, Afif, Hunar- i Islāmī, Trans. Mahmoud Pour Aghasi, Sooreh Mehr Publication, Tehran, 1387/ 2008. Barari, Meysam, Sufāl-i- Sārī Ḳurūn- i 3 tā 5 Hidjrīyi Ḳamarī, Gol Dasteh, Isfahan, 1394/ 2015. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Mimārī yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, Tehran, 1381/ 2002. Brend, Barbara, Hunar- i Islāmī (Islamic Art), Trans. Mahnaz Shayesteh Far, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. http://cartelen.louvre.fr http://collections.vam.ac.uk Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar, Lughat-Nāma, Vol. 7, Mohammad Moin & Jafar Shahidi(as Supervisor), University of Tehran Press, (Und.). Dimand, Maurice Sven, Rāhnamā- yi Ṣanāy Islāmī (A Handbook of Muhammadan Art), Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Elgood, Cyril, Tibb dar Dawra-yi Ṣafawiyya, Trans. Mohsen Javidan, University of Tehran Press,Tehran, (Und.). Ettinghausen, Richard, Grabar, Oleg, Hunar wa Mimārī- yi Islāmī(1) the art and architecture of islam, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, SAMT, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Grabar, Oleg, Shahr dar Djahān- i Islām, Trans. Mehrdad Vahdati Daneshmand, Nashr- i Baṣīrat, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Grube, Ernst J., Sufāl- i Islāmī(collection of Islamic art), Revised by Naser Khalili, Nashr- i Kārang, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Haddon, Rosalind Anne Wade, Fourteenth Century fine Glazed Wares produced in the Iranian world, and comparisons with contemporary ones from the Holden Horde and Mamluk Syria/ Egypt, PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London, 2011. Hall, A. R., A new collection of Islamic Pottery, Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 32 : 58-67, 1934. Karimi, Fatemeh & Kiani, Muhammad Yusuf, Hunar- i Sufālgarī- yi Dawra- yi Islāmī Iran, Markaz- i Bāstān Shināsī Iran, Tehran, 1364/ 1985. Kāshānī, Abū al- Ḳāsim ʿAbdallah, Arāyis al- Djawāhir wa Nafāyis al- Aṭāyib, Revised by Iraj Afshar, Intishārāt- i Lāmiʿī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Lane, A., Later Islamic pottery, (second edition), London, 1971. Mahjour, Firoz & Sedighian, Hosein, “Barrisī- yi Sufālhāyi Islāmī Muḥawwaṭa- yi Mishkīn Tappeh Parandak Dar Ustān- i Markazī”, Madjala- yi Payām- i Bāstān Shinās, No.12, pp.120- 105, 1388/ 2009. www.metmuseum.org/art/collection Morgan, Peter, Sufāl KhamÊr SangÊ IranÊ Dawrān SaljåÎi, Islamic Ceramic Collection, Collected by Naser Khalili & Stephen Vernoit, Tehran, 1384. Muḥammad Ḥusayn b. Khalaf Tabrīzī, Burhān- i Ḳāṭi, Amīrkabīr, Tehran, 1341/ 1962. Neyestani, Javad & Rouhfar, Zohreh, Sākht- i-Liāb- i Zarrīnfām dar Iran, Ārmān Shahr, Tehran, 1389/ 2010. http://www.qantara-med.org Sedighian, Hossain & Panteha HajNaseri, “Sufāl-i-Zarrinfam Kurån MÊyānih Islami wa Marākiz tawlÊdÊ ān”, Majalih Muãāliāt BāstānShināsÊ Dawrān-i-Islami, No.1, 1395. Rice,Talbot , Hunar- i Islāmī(islamic art), Trans. Mah Malek Bahar, Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Tawḥīdī, Fāʾiḳ, Fann wa Hunar- i Sufālgarī, SAMT, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Treptow, Tanya, Daily Life Ornamented the Medieval Persian City of Rayy, Chicago: Oriental Institute Museum Publications, No.26,­ 2007. Watson, Oliver, Sufāl- i Zarrīnfām- i Iranī (Persian lustre ware), Trans. Shokooh Zakeri, Iran Broadcasting University, 1382/ 2003. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation and analyzing Urban Network of Lorestan province
پرهام بقایی حجت شیخی اسماعیل جعفریMacrocephaly phenomenon has been shown in lessdeveloped countries and the size of largest city in this countries is morethan 5 to 10 equal of size of population of second city . Aggregationadministrative – politic activities and commercial – social activitie MoreMacrocephaly phenomenon has been shown in lessdeveloped countries and the size of largest city in this countries is morethan 5 to 10 equal of size of population of second city . Aggregationadministrative – politic activities and commercial – social activities infirst city are deterrent of development in other cities in this countries.As a result, regional and national balance is destroyed. The purpose ofstudy is analysis of urban network in the metropolitan region ofLorestan.Research method: the methods of this study are combination ofquantitative - analytical methods and we have used The Rank- SizeRule, Rank - size adjusted, Entropy Index, Lorenz Curve, and GiniCoefficient.Finding: The results of this study show that urban network in themetropolitan region of Lorestan do not follow from Rank- Size Rule.The spatial balance is relatively good between population and numberof towns in metropolitan area. The distribution of urban population andurban area are semi – balanced. And finally at the macro level, first city(Khoram abad) have occurred macrocephaly phenomenon inmetropolitan region of Lorestan.Results: for preventing the formation of the first urban area we shouldavoid migration inter-provincial and, will strengthen the middle andsmall cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Forest Roads on Biodiversity Regeneration of Tree Species
Maryam Bazyari Hamid Jalilvand Seyed Ataollah Hosseini Yahya koochBackground and Objective: The main purpose of natural resources management is protecting the biological variety and continuance of regeneration in the natural ecosystems. Natural regeneration is one of the most important factors in the survival and resistance of natural MoreBackground and Objective: The main purpose of natural resources management is protecting the biological variety and continuance of regeneration in the natural ecosystems. Natural regeneration is one of the most important factors in the survival and resistance of natural forests. Method: This study investigates the effects of forest roads on the changes of natural regeneration variety of wooden species from edges of forest roads towards their inner parts in three areas and two different paved and un-paved roads. Randomly, the similar conditions were identified according to topography, slope and direction. On the two sides of road, 2m×2m microplots were used for measuring differences and plants structures. Results: This study indicates that characters of different climates do not have significant difference in the up and down of road and in these three ereas. The only effective factor is condition which decreases when distance from road increases. Some light demanding spices, such as Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M.Browics Alnus subcordata (L), Gaertn & Menitsky and Diospyros lotus L., grow at the side of the roads. Conclusion: Generally, the rate of regeneration diversity and richness were higher at the sides of paved roads than at sides of un-paved roads. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی آلودگی موشهای آزمایشگاهی یک مرکز پرورش حیوانات آزمایشگاهی به ویروس تیلر عامل انسفالومیلیت
روزبه فلاحی فاطمه عابدینی همایون مهروانی -
Open Access Article
5 - تشخیص ویروس آکابان همراه با نشانههای بالینی و کالبدگشایی آن در گوسالههای شیرخوار در اطراف تهران
پیمان دهقان رحیم آبادی افشین رئوفی مرتضی گرجی دوز سید حسین مرجانمهر مجید مسعودی فرد -
Open Access Article
6 - The Circuit Design of the Receiving Part of the Portable Electroencephalogram System
Marzieh Moradi Mosoud DoustiIn recent years, many electroencephalogram (EEG) devices have become portable and wireless. Given the requirements for mobility, EEG instruments need to be smaller, lighter, and power-efficient with reduced noise and offset. An EEG signal is very weak and its amplitude MoreIn recent years, many electroencephalogram (EEG) devices have become portable and wireless. Given the requirements for mobility, EEG instruments need to be smaller, lighter, and power-efficient with reduced noise and offset. An EEG signal is very weak and its amplitude ranging is from 20 to 200 µV and its frequency ranges from 0.1 to 100 Hz. Besides, the skin-electrode interface creates a large DC offset voltage which can be in the order of ±300 mV. These two challenges can disturb the main signal and reduce the detection accuracy. At the input of amplification section of many EEG circuits, the chopping technique has been applied to convert DC input signals into AC signals. The main transconductance amplifier as EEG instrumentation amplifier (IA) in most of the previous works is the folded cascode amplifier. In this paper, we proposed a circuit which designed in 0.18 CMOS technology and its amplifier is a two-stage fully recycling chopper stabilized folded cascode amplifier that operates at low supply voltage and its input-referred noise is decreased by enhancing transconductance while it has a large slew rate, a high DC gain and an improved gain bandwidth. These features significantly decrease the noise and offset without a considerable increase in the power required by the circuit. In the post-layout simulation the amplifier achieves a midband gain of 60 dB and a -3dB bandwidth in the range of 0.1-210 Hz. the chip area with pads is 512×512 μm2. The adjustable LPF has a 100 Hz cut-off frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of the structure of proverbs made of "Cebu" pottery in Saeb Tabrizi's poems
khatere esmailzadeh Ramin Sadeghinejad Maryam MohammadzadehA proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experi MoreA proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experience into short headings that can be referred to in the present are proverbs, stories, rulings, and acronyms. One of the main features of Indian style poetry is the use of proverbs. The poets of this style were influenced by the everyday living environment. As the most influential poet of this genre, Saeb Tabrizi, the genius of the audience, led him to make the most of the literary form of proverbs in order to understand ethical, mystical and social issues better and more efficiently. The proverb has great variety and breadth in Saeb's sonnets. Saeb has used every subject and tool for his purpose. Pottery is one of the most accessible tools and means of living of ordinary people in the street and bazaar, which has a high capacity to create the literary form of proverbs. It is not possible to study the proverbs made of all pottery in Saeb's multi-poet divan in one article. Let us show a proverb from Cebu pottery in literary form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect Of Protective Of Vitamin B12 on Lewiss Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis a Model for Multiple Sclerosis
مریم موسوی اکبر کریمی مجید گوروئیInroduction and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive, autoimmune neurodegenerative disease in central nervous system (CNS). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely accepted animal model for MS. New observations suggest that cobolamins (deriv MoreInroduction and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive, autoimmune neurodegenerative disease in central nervous system (CNS). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely accepted animal model for MS. New observations suggest that cobolamins (derivatives of vitamin B12) may modulate the responses of oxidative stress. Regarding the role of vitamin B12 in the formation of myelin sheet, modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and its role in the regulating the immune reactions and anti-oxidant role; this compound is used in the present study as an agent on rat model EAE.Material and Methods: The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH) was used for induction EAE in Lewis rats.EAE was induced in 40 rats, randomly placed in four groups and treatment with vitamin B12. The treatment started from the first day post immunization by GPSCH-CFA and lasted until the tenth day.The ELISA was used for the data assessment. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program (version 17 for Windows). In all the cases for comparison between different groups, Mann-Whitney U test was used. Significance level was set at pResults:A meaningful decrease observed in seminiferous tubules diameterpipes in the 45 mg/kg concentration,germinal diameter layer in experimental groups and the number of spermatogony, primary spermatocyte, sperm and leydig in experimental groups in comparison to control group(0.05>p). The percentage of the moving sperms, the percentage of the sperm's genetic substance and the sperms' morphology demonstrated a meaningful reduction in experimental groups and the hormones assesments.Conclusion:In this study, we showed that the treatment of EAE with vitamin B12 decreased the symptoms of disorder, pathological changes, level of serum TNF-α. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect Alcoholic ExteractOf Kellussia odoratissma and B12 on Markers Of Inflammation in Rats Induced Experimental Auto Immune Encephalomyelitis
Akbar Karimi Majid GoroieInroduction and Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease and inflammation in the central nervous system. Kellussia odoratissma as a traditional medicinal plant has been used as anti-inflammation is some area of Iran. Vitamin B12 properties are regulators of the immune sys MoreInroduction and Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease and inflammation in the central nervous system. Kellussia odoratissma as a traditional medicinal plant has been used as anti-inflammation is some area of Iran. Vitamin B12 properties are regulators of the immune system. This study aimed to determine the effect anti-inflammatory of Kellussia and B12 on Lysosomal enzymes and tissue maker enzymes in Rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Material and Methods:50female Rats (180-200gr) divided to 5 groups. EAEwas induced in 40 Rats. Kellussia odoratissma(300 mg/kg) and B12 were Intraperitoneal administered for 10 days to EAE animals. The anti-inflammatory activity was assassed by measuring clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes, tissue marker enzymes. Results were expressed as Mean± S.D. and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, to determine significant differences between groups.Results: Treatment of EAE rats with Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 led to significant decreased of clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes and tissue marker enzymes(pConclusion:Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 can reduce marker of inflammation and have property anti-inflammation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - اثرمحافظتی خرفه بر روی، CRP، TNF-αو آنزیمهای کبدی در رتهای مبتلا به آنسفالومیلیت آلرژیک تجربی
اکبر کریمی -
Open Access Article
11 - The Role of Pottery in the Reflection of the Mysticism of Hazin-e-Lahiji
Khatereh Esmaeilzadeh Ramin sadeghinazhad Maryam MohammadzadehMysticism in one of the main pillars of persian literature and mystical literature is one of its basic branches; hence poets, whether those who were literally mystic or those who were pretending to mysticism, have used mystical terms in their poems. The main feature of MoreMysticism in one of the main pillars of persian literature and mystical literature is one of its basic branches; hence poets, whether those who were literally mystic or those who were pretending to mysticism, have used mystical terms in their poems. The main feature of Indian style is the illustration. One of the palpable and accessible element in public life of the most people that poet can do illustration with it, is pottery. Hazin-e-Lahiji by using potteries and tying it with mystical terms has created dynamic imagery and critical- social contents in order to engourage the audionces to turn to love, truth, reproach the ascetic to quit the hypocrisy, discord and finally enlighten the people that shows the hight importance of pottery in reflecting the mysticism of Hakim Lahiji. The high frequency of this images and contents in Lahiji's Divan is big enough to known as a characteristic of his personal style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of Women's Clothing in the Sixth Century (AH) and its Impact on the Social Status of Women Based on Enamel -Work Pottery Figures
Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi Fakhredin Mohamadian Sayyed Rasool Mousavi HajiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs on the enamel -work pottery which have been studied based on objective documentation of women's clothing. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. To collect data library resources and field studies were used via visiting and examining clay art collections. The rational and methodological study of archaeological evidence, examples of how the clothing of past societies can play an important role in rebuilding their social and cultural system. Archaeological evidence in the middle period of Islam such as paintings and paintings on enamel -work and luster painted potteries could be valuable in recognizing and reflecting the attitudes and influences of social and cultural structures on women's clothes in this period. The results of this study showed that there were several factors in this course such as the type of climate of the region, the pattern of the traditional styles, indigenous styles, and the type of demand for quality and the appearance of clothing has been impressive. The type of women's clothing in this period was proportional to the social atmosphere and the venue in which they would attend. In fact, the themes and types of motifs on the women's clothing of the Seljuk period can represent a part of the culture and position of the women of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Optimizing the cost of asphalt road pavement using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and compare it with the Shell method
Mansour Tohidi Navid Khayat Abdoulrasoul Telvari -
Open Access Article
14 - Selecting preventive maintenance method for flexible pavements
علی بابائیOver the years, researchers and engineers in asphalt and bitumen industry have used different methodologies for various methods of asphaltic pavements’ maintenance. Type and application of different preventive and passive maintenance methods are studied. Unfortuna MoreOver the years, researchers and engineers in asphalt and bitumen industry have used different methodologies for various methods of asphaltic pavements’ maintenance. Type and application of different preventive and passive maintenance methods are studied. Unfortunately, in IRAN, this matter is not concerned yet. In this study have been tried that while introducing various methods of asphaltic pavements’ maintenance, time and location of these maintenance works, as well as effectiveness of them could be studied. Determinig the most effective and most most economic maintenance method for different pavements is also studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Modification of mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt using fly ash
Reza Samieifard Mohamad Jafar Ostad Ahmad GhorabiFly ash is a by-product of the combustion process and consists of tiny components that are emitted by combustion gases. Fly ash has been widely used in the manufacture of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance of fly ash as a filler in hot m MoreFly ash is a by-product of the combustion process and consists of tiny components that are emitted by combustion gases. Fly ash has been widely used in the manufacture of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance of fly ash as a filler in hot mix asphalt. In this study, fly ash additive with different amounts (FA-0, FA-2, FA-4, FA-6) according to the weight of stone materials, was used as a filler. Modified asphalt mixtures were tested for stability, flow, stiffness, moisture sensitivity and material loss (Cantabro loss). The results showed that the stability of asphalt mixtures containing fly ash is higher than conventional mixtures. In addition, the compounds contained in fly ash improved moisture resistance and durability. According to the results of the experiments, it can be concluded that the use of fly ash as a filler can have a favorable effect on the hot asphalt mixture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Archaeological Excavations at Moneh Cave (Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province)
Seyed Mahmoud MireskandariDue to suitable environmental conditions, some caves have been the center of human settlement and human activities for a long time. Therefore, the sedimentary layers of the bottom of the caves and their rocky walls always contain valuable evidence of the cultural evolut MoreDue to suitable environmental conditions, some caves have been the center of human settlement and human activities for a long time. Therefore, the sedimentary layers of the bottom of the caves and their rocky walls always contain valuable evidence of the cultural evolution of human societies. Moneh Cave is one of the ancient places of Landeh County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, which has been the focus of past humans due to its special conditions. The emergence of disputes and conflicts among the residents of the area due to their unauthorized excavations in this cave provided the ground for its archaeological excavations. The archaeological research on the cave led to the identification of three halls and a communication corridor between the halls. In addition, the exploration of two boreholes in this cave brought the time of its use to the Late Chalcolithic Age until the late centuries of the Islamic era. During this period, the herdsmen of the region temporarily used the cave. The survey of the surroundings of the cave also led to the identification of the remains of large stone walls, 200 meters west and northwest of the cave. The thermoluminescence dating of the pottery of this cave indicates that they belong to the Abbasid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Classification, Typology, and Chronology of Glazed Pottery from Bozanjerd Islamic Site, Hamadan Plain
Mostafa Rezaei Maryam Mohammadi Kazem MollazadehIn 2019, during archaeological investigations of the Islamic sites in the Hamadan Plain, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of the Bozanjerd site, marking the first time exploration of this location. One of the key indicators for understanding past cultures lie MoreIn 2019, during archaeological investigations of the Islamic sites in the Hamadan Plain, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of the Bozanjerd site, marking the first time exploration of this location. One of the key indicators for understanding past cultures lies in the examination and analysis of pottery artifacts within ancient sites, as they play an important role in elucidating the cultural fabric of settlement centers. Given the impressionability of pottery cultures of the Hamadan Plain, especially the Bozanjerd site, which stands as a pivotal pottery center from the Islamic era, this research aims to categorize, typology, and establish a chronology for the various types of glazed pottery unearthed at this site. The study relies on archaeological data. The overarching objectives are twofold: first, to identify the local pottery types at the Bozanjerd site, and second, to discern the cultural influences shaping pottery cultures within this region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done by documentary method. Additionally, field findings from this site are compared with those from other sites within the same cultural horizon. The findings reveal significant similarities between the pottery of Bozanjerd and neighboring sites such as Zolfabad, Âveh, Aqkand, Soltanieh, Qorveh, Kangavar, Bistoun, and Borujerd. These sites are located along the major communication routes of the Hamadan Plain. Furthermore, in terms of technical and artistic attributes, the most notable local pottery types in this site include sgraffito glazed vessels and vessels adorned with multi-colored decorations on white glaze. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Pottery Classification and Chronology of Sarand-Daghdaghan Cemetery, East Azerbaijan
Saeid Sattarnejad Mohammad Rahmatpour Javad Zhaleh AghdamAs one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwe MoreAs one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwestern areas of Iran, sites belonging to the Iron Age I and II have been identified and explored. Therefore, there is a relative understanding of the pottery of this region. However, in some areas, especially Heris County, the Iron Age situation is not well known. The exploration of Sarand-Daghdghan cemetery is very important in understanding the cultural situation of this city in the Iron Age, and introducing and presenting the pottery collection of this site is beneficial for regional studies and the relative chronology and recognition of pottery types in this area. In this research, which was conducted by field and library method, the pottery finds obtained from Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery were studied, typologically, compared, and analyzed. Here, a comparative study of the pottery of Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery with the pottery of other sites has been done with the aim of typology of the collection of pottery of this cemetery and relative chronology of cultural materials. In this cemetery, 6 types of pottery forms have been identified and documented, which are comparable to the data of some Iron Age I and II sites in Iran, the South Caucasus, and East Anatolia. According to the conducted studies and relative chronology, it can be stated that the clay collection of Sarand-Daghdaghan Heris cemetery is related to Iron Age I and II. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Historical Settlements in Shah Kouh, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan (Fire Temple, Kalate Bal Batu, and Taska Cemetery)
Mohammad Farjami Ali Asqar Mahmoodi NasabNehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land MoreNehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land conditions, contains important and spacious settlements, which shows their importance in intra- and extra-regional interactions in historical times. Among these unique monuments, there are the remaining parts of the building known as Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) in the village of the same name, but unfortunately, only a few parts of this structure are left. According to the results of the excavation project to determine the core zone and suggest the buffer zone of the building as well as the existing architectural evidence and the current architecture in the context of the village, it is believed that this structure was founded with a cruciform pattern and four stone walls and a dome cover. The study shows that this building was built in the Sassanid period and was still standing in the early Islamic centuries as a religious place and in connection with the surrounding sites. Here, some of the nearby sites such as Kalate Bal Batu and Taska Cemetery were introduced and their surface cultural remains were also discussed and analyzed. This research aims to recognize the Fire Temple building according to the archaeological evidence and also to introduce other sites of the historical era such as Klate Bel Beto and Taska. Collecting the findings has been conducted in the field and analyzing them through Library research has been done with a historical-cultural approach and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Preliminary Report on the Excavation in Late Neolithic Site of Maya Tepe; Buin Zahra, Qazvin
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kallaj Hossein Davoudi Ebrahim SadeghiNowadays, constructive activities such as dam construction, villages and cities development and etc. are some of the main human factors in destroying many of archaeological sites. By the same token, during road construction in Buin Zahra- Sagz Abad, transit axis widenin MoreNowadays, constructive activities such as dam construction, villages and cities development and etc. are some of the main human factors in destroying many of archaeological sites. By the same token, during road construction in Buin Zahra- Sagz Abad, transit axis widening project in Qazvin province, southern parts of Maya tepe which have been located in road boundary would be destroyed. Therefore, urgent excavation of mentioned site was implanted in fall 1389 by an archaeological expert of cultural heritage organization of Qazvin city. Maya tepe is located in 5/5 km of the west of Buin Zahra City and in northern side of Buin Zahra- Sagz Abad axis and is an important site due to its particular location which is near to prehistoric sites of Qazvin plain such as Charbone, Zagheh, Ghabrestan and Sagz Abad. During the excavation in 10 trenches 2×2 meters and with preliminary researches about obtained results specially ceramic typology, within a semi-permanent settlement pattern, this site has a culture from late Neolithic I and early late Neolithic II (end of the first half of the sixth millennium BC), whose similar cultures in Qazvin plain have been identified in Charbone and Ebrahim Abad sites. In this paper, findings and results of an urgent excavation are presented and ultimately a comparative chronology of Maya Tepe is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A survey of Neolithic Sites at SarFirouz Abad Plain, West Central Zagros
Kamalaldin Niknami Meysam Nikzad Sima YadollahiThe Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologica MoreThe Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologically a less known area. Its geographical location and environmental potentials make it necessary to perform a systematic archaeological research process. Due to this requirement, the SF area was surveyed using an intensive field walking process by a team from Tehran University during a few months in 2009. This fieldwork provided data and for the first time added much useful information to expand our knowledge on the archaeology of the region in general and the Neolithic settlements in particular. From the findings gained through this study, 17 sites were found to have remains attributable to the Neolithic Period. Recent studies show that in SF, settlement began in the early Neolithic Period; three of these sites were identified in various parts of the area. Fifteen locations with settlement and pottery remains showed evidence of the middle and late Neolithic periods. An investigation of the settlement patterns of these Neolithic sites reveals a strong relationship to natural resources, particularly water and sources of flint. With the commencement of pottery in the area, significant changes occurred in the location patterns of the sites. The present study investigates the characteristics of potteries found from site surfaces and developed an interpretation of the Neolithic settlement patterns of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Middle Chalcolithic Settlements (Dalma culture) of Songhor and Koliyaei Plains, Kermanshah
Mahmoud Heydarian Mohsen Zeynivand Hamid HariryanAlthough prehistoric periods (especially Chalcolithic) of western side of central Zagros is fairly known, Songhor and Koliyaei plains had not been sufficiently investigated neither by the foreign nor the Iranian archaeologists; however, in the course of recent investiga MoreAlthough prehistoric periods (especially Chalcolithic) of western side of central Zagros is fairly known, Songhor and Koliyaei plains had not been sufficiently investigated neither by the foreign nor the Iranian archaeologists; however, in the course of recent investigations in 2002 and 2009, 33 chalcolithic sites were identified. Nine sites out of these thirty three ones had Dalma sherds. All these 9 sites are located close to the water resources and mostly in the hillsides, where it is easy to reach pasturelands. Considering low extent of settlements and their locations, it could be found out that there have been small sedentary or semi-sedentary villages which could satisfy their life needs by breeding herds. This paper assumes importance since it could provide valuable information on this culture and its probable interaction with its neighboring regions for us, such as Kangavar, Mahidasht, and south of Kurdistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Appearance of Plastic Images in Pottery and its Relation to Cultural Changes Occurred with the Transition from Bronze Age to Iron Age at Iran
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Hossein Davoudi Ahmad Chaychi AmirKhizThe first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics MoreThe first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics into meaningful types is the first step in using ceramic data in archaeological analysis. The next and ultimately more important step is to use those data to answer questions about cultural changes at the past. Study of cultural changes is one of the important aims in archaeological researches. Changes in technology, decorations, forms and organization of ceramic production have, in turn, been used to societies. This article outlines one of the decoration types in the pottery and stylistic analysis to study of the cultural changes during the bronze and iron age at Iran. The aim of this article is the study of plastic images in the pottery and the origin of this technique at Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Study of Dalma Pottery Based on the Examination of Azerbaijan and Kermanshah Potteries
Mohsen HeydariHaving a glance at the archaeological data in North West of Iran during prehistoric era, we can see that most studies in the area focused on the edge of Urmia Lake. Unfortunately, most of the studies which have been done in the North West are related to the Bronze Age a MoreHaving a glance at the archaeological data in North West of Iran during prehistoric era, we can see that most studies in the area focused on the edge of Urmia Lake. Unfortunately, most of the studies which have been done in the North West are related to the Bronze Age and later periods, and fewer studies have been done on the Chalcolithic period. Moreover, most of the information published about this area, is related to the same time periods. There is little information about Dalma Period and related publications do not exceed the fingers of one hand. For this reason, most researchers, due to the complexity and lack of knowledge about this period, refer to it as Wonder Period. In particular, Dalma period and the area of its development are surprising and noteworthy for them. One of the shortcomings is Dalma pottery. In this article, we review the Dalma pottery in the regions of East and West Azarbaijan and Kermanshah to provide a rather clear picture of Dalma pottery tradition. Generally, Dalma pottery is classified as four categories which probabely have specific functions depending on their coverage and form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Describe the Statistical Classification of Late Neolithic Pottery Gousha Tepe Area (Meshkinshahr)
Hassan DerakhshiPottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research MorePottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research paper, focusing on the study and classification of Neolithic pottery Gousha Tepe area explored during the first Excavation 2004 results; regular and methodical features and indicators of various aspects of the pottery types is to continue and break with the traditions and styles of pottery in this period with the next phases of the hill turn Gousha tepe, and the total paid to this issue and whether the continuing gap between pre-historic cultures of the East Azeri field centered around Lake gousha tepe cultures there or not, Our studies showed that the process continues its tradition of pottery not only in phases of site, but we have a tradition of style and technique between this area and the Lake Urmia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Pottery of the Uruk Period in Tel Baladiyeh Based on the Excavations at Trench C6N
Mohammad KaramiTel Baladiyeh is located in the Susiana plain in the east of Dez river and Khuzestan province. This mound is situated near one of the important and large archaeological centers of the region, Choghamish. In the winter of 2004, this mound was excavated by the joint team MoreTel Baladiyeh is located in the Susiana plain in the east of Dez river and Khuzestan province. This mound is situated near one of the important and large archaeological centers of the region, Choghamish. In the winter of 2004, this mound was excavated by the joint team of archaeology of Iran and the University of Chicago under the supervision of Dr. Abbas Alizadeh and Ali Mahforouzi. The important porpuse of exploring this mound was to know the transition phase from the Prehistoric era to the Proto-historic period and the chronology of the Uruk period, which did not lead to the desired result due to the existing problems. One of the trenches created in this mound was C6 on the north and northwest side of the Tel Baladiyeh, where the C6N trench was located on its north side. Because from the beginning, an orderly sequence of the Proto-writing pottery was obtained, Tel Baladiyeh was explored in order to know the internal chronology of the Uruk period. In this article, an attempt is made to introduce and categorize the Proto-writing pottery obtained from this trench, to highlight the differences between their form, dough and their combinations. Finally, considering the complexities of the late 5th and 4th millennium BC in the Susiana plain, local centers such as Tel Baladiyeh in the region and the role of regional sites are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Archaeology of the Fifth Millennium BC of the Iranian Central Plateau and its Challenge
Hassan Fazeli NashliArchaeological investigation in the Qazvin plain during the 1970s presented new light to study the cultural developments of Iranian prehistory. In spite of its significance, these studies faced with two main problems of the inadequacy of using secure chronological data MoreArchaeological investigation in the Qazvin plain during the 1970s presented new light to study the cultural developments of Iranian prehistory. In spite of its significance, these studies faced with two main problems of the inadequacy of using secure chronological data and the second was that some of the excavators when found new ceramic types suggested the migration and invasion of new people within the central plateau. This paper revised the chronology of the fifth millennium BC sites based on the c14 dates and stratigraphic sequences in order to show the cultural historical approaches is not significant to understand the cultural carnages of the region. This is significant that the new chronological studies clearly show there is no relationship between the abandonment of old sites and settling of news sites. There are large gap between the sties which abandoned during the fifth millennium BC sites such as Tepe Sialk North to the emerging of new sites such as Sialk South. We suggested sits such as Sialk abandonment caused by natural phenomenon such as highly sedimentation and flooded from 5900 BC to 4500 BC and therefore such abandoned was not originated by invasion. This paper is also suggested that the fifth millennium BC communities of the Iranian central plateau can be view as tribal ranked societies and it is still too early suggest external warfare. It is important to say that when we see new ceramic types it is better to address it as an innovation and interaction rather an external stimuli for change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Role of Sieving in the Prehistoric Pottery Industry of Iran
Farhang Khademi Nadoushan Alireza Hejebri Nobari Tahereh Azizipour Mohammad SaffariPottery is one of the arts that has remained among human societies until today. In the written sources left from the Islamic era, there are many references to sieving clay in the pottery industry. These sources indicate that the potters were familiar with sieving the so MorePottery is one of the arts that has remained among human societies until today. In the written sources left from the Islamic era, there are many references to sieving clay in the pottery industry. These sources indicate that the potters were familiar with sieving the soil through experience and knew that access to suitable mud for making pottery and for It is not possible to make glaze without sifting the soil. In this article, we discuss the importance of sieving in the prehistoric pottery industry and, referring to the results obtained from spectroscopic experiments on prehistoric pottery, we explain how sieving clay played an essential role in making and firing high-quality pottery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Typology of the Pottery Vessels of the JeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht
Leila Gargari Hamidreza Valipour Behnam GhanbariJeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht is located in Zanjan province, Tarom city, near the village of Jezlandashht. As a result of two exploratory excavations in this cemetery, valuable findings were obtained regarding to Iron Age. These findings reflect the burial traditi MoreJeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht is located in Zanjan province, Tarom city, near the village of Jezlandashht. As a result of two exploratory excavations in this cemetery, valuable findings were obtained regarding to Iron Age. These findings reflect the burial tradition in the cemetery, including jewelry, weapons and pottery. Although only 8 graves have been explored in this cemetery, the variety of pottery related to their form is significant. Generally, 44 intact potteries were collected from JeyranTappeh Hills, which were classified into 13 species based on shape and form. These species include pots, cups, bowls, saucers, pots, jars, small containers with rounded bodies and flat floor, glasses, pots and tubular containers. Some of these species are divided in to sub-species. These containers are brown, gray, black, and mostly wheel maker. In terms of the number and quality of gray potteries, they have a higher number and quality than other pottery. Based on the study and comparison of the pottery, there are similarities between this site and the sites such as Godin, Dilman, Hasanlu, Gholi Darvish, Khorvin, Pardis, Gui Tappe, Dinkhah, Haphtvan, Hassan Bolaghi Cemetery in Zanjan Province and many other sites related to Iron Age. There are the most similarities between this site and other Iron Ages cemeteries such as Marlic, Ghale Coti and Dilaman. It is most similar to the Gilan Iron Age cemeteries, such as Marlik, Qaleh Kuti and Dilman. Based on all this information it can be said that JeyranTappe is related to Iron Age II. Based on the information obtained from the potteries it may be said that this cemetery was used in Iron Age II period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Settlement Patterns of Middle Chalcolithic Sites in the Talvar River Basin, Dehgolan and Ghorveh Counties, Kurdestan Province, Iran
Amir Saed Mucheshi Kamalaldin Niknami Zahed Karimi Eqbal Azizi Ali BehniaThis article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorve MoreThis article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorveh in Kurdestan Province. The archaeological investigations indicated the rise of occupation and presumably even its beginning in the chalcolithic period coinciding with various ways of life sustenance. In terms of size, elevation and access to the environmental resources, the middle chalcolithic sites (34 sites) could be divided in to several different groups. This issue is possibly based on the different ways of life sustenance. The earliest evidence in the region goes back to the middle chalcolithic period, but this result should not be known finally as both natural and cultural post-depositional alternations such as erosion, sedimentation and cultivation could play an important role. This article, however, is based on the yielded data collected as the result of archaeological investigations by provincial ICHO and also the first author who undertook a survey to write his Ph.D dissertation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Kool Khazine: An Important Proto Historic Site in Abdanan, Ilam Province
Khodakaram Mazaheri Ebrahim MoradiIn this article the authors have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archaeological surveys of Kool Khazine. This site is located on the south of Abdanan Township (one of the townships of Ilam province) and adjoining of Khozes MoreIn this article the authors have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archaeological surveys of Kool Khazine. This site is located on the south of Abdanan Township (one of the townships of Ilam province) and adjoining of Khozestan plain. Kool Khazine comprises cultural deposits of different periods. The first cultural period that formed at this site, belong to prehistoric period, that determining of it exact chronology is difficult, because of limited finds. Until again, settlement is forming at Kool Khazine in Susa IVA period and in this manner, settlement continued for almost one millennium and finally, came to end in end of middle Elamite I period. In fact this site in addition to prehistoric period, comprise cultural deposits of this periods: Susa IVA, V, VI and VII. It seems that recent periods continued successively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Relative Dating of Ghousha Tepe Shahryeri’s Ceramics
Hassan Derakhshi Alireza Hejebri Nobari Bahman FirouzmandiThe pottery is one of the important Cultural data that use in relative and absulate chronology of sites and comparison each other. In the basis of study of comparison types pottery of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri of view form and decoration and Analysis of the number of samp MoreThe pottery is one of the important Cultural data that use in relative and absulate chronology of sites and comparison each other. In the basis of study of comparison types pottery of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri of view form and decoration and Analysis of the number of samples by means of thermoluminescence that be complementary first method, this result earn that chronology of early phases site of Ghousha Tepe belong to late Neolithic and transition to early chalcholithic. In addition, in the basis comparison of pottery marked that site mentioned had stable relation of cultural and socieal especially with area Uremia lake of time late Neolithic until late periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Late Bronze Age at Tepe Sagzabad in the Base of Pottery Evidence
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin Niknami Nastaran MoradiThe Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our MoreThe Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our aimed to Trying Deportment of Archaeology, university of Tehran excavation in fall of 2009 at Tepe Sagzabad was recognition of cultural Layers of south part of this site and 3 different Trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. Trench 6 had different cultural Layers including: Iron Age I, Late Bronze age and Late Chalcolithic period. Between these Finds, Monochrome and polychrome potteries from Late Bronze age were remarkable. This Paper will focus on Typology, classification and introduces different kind of Late Bronze age pottery motif. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Another View to Prehistoric Archaeology of Tehran Plain in Central Plateau of Iran
Hamidreza ValipourConcentrating on cultural changes is one of the most significant aims of studying archeology. The interpretation of the cultural changes in a society or a region in prehistoric periods requires a decent understanding of the relation between the cultural materials. Havin MoreConcentrating on cultural changes is one of the most significant aims of studying archeology. The interpretation of the cultural changes in a society or a region in prehistoric periods requires a decent understanding of the relation between the cultural materials. Having a specific view or a theoretical approach towards the so-called issue reflects the researcher’s orientations. One of the cultural areas in Iran about which there have been several ideas and disputes on its prehistoric cultural changes could be the Central Plateau of Iran. Most of the proposed theories about the cultural changes of this area have been based on historical-cultural approach. In this study, we have been analyzing these changes in Tehran plain along with revision and considering the past theories together with defining theoretical concepts for presenting a new viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Iron Age Cemetery of Lavizan
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehIn the Northeastern Tehran and the Lavizan zone, there is an Imam-Zadeh, under the title of "Imam-Zadeh Panjtan". This Imam-Zadeh is located on a hill. And slopes of the hill are used as a cemetery. In a visit in 1993, some sherds were collected on the hills that were p MoreIn the Northeastern Tehran and the Lavizan zone, there is an Imam-Zadeh, under the title of "Imam-Zadeh Panjtan". This Imam-Zadeh is located on a hill. And slopes of the hill are used as a cemetery. In a visit in 1993, some sherds were collected on the hills that were probably uncovered by forming new graves. The sherds have characterized in northern Tehran. It seems the hill was used as a cemetery also in Iron Age, and can be considered as one of the several Iron Age cemeteries in foot hills of northern Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Classification of the Spouted Vessels in Iron Age and their Spacial and Temporal Distribution
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehOne of the Typical wares in Iron Age in Iran, is the Spouted vessel. These Vessels, however, are very similar as far as general shape is concerned, and are classified in one group, although there is diversity in details of their shape. Therefore one can classify them on MoreOne of the Typical wares in Iron Age in Iran, is the Spouted vessel. These Vessels, however, are very similar as far as general shape is concerned, and are classified in one group, although there is diversity in details of their shape. Therefore one can classify them on the basis of the form of their different components. In this research, 155 Spouted vessels, that represented in archaeological reports, are studied and classified: The classification is made on the basis of similarity among different samples, and thus 11 classes or types are distinguished. The special distribution of these types demonstrates a distinguishable and particular relationship between different types and regions. On the other hand, the study of the temporal distribution of these types is not precisely possible, because the dating for most of the samples are not precise. Despite, there are not any distinguishable relationship between the types and the different phases of the Iron Age. Therefore, I conclude, that the variation of the shape in the Spouted vessels depend mostly on their spacial distribution, and not on their temporal distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Classification of Some Incised Graphical & Geographical Designs on Late Bronze Age Pottery from Tepe Pissa- Hamedan
Yaqub Mohammadifar Abbas Motarjem Kamalaldin NiknamiPending the Early Bronze Age, in the early to mid-third millennium, the material culture of central western Iran was influenced by the cultural phenomenon known as Kura-Araxes, or the Early Trans-Caucasian (E.T.C).The first evidence for E.T.C culture in western Iran was MorePending the Early Bronze Age, in the early to mid-third millennium, the material culture of central western Iran was influenced by the cultural phenomenon known as Kura-Araxes, or the Early Trans-Caucasian (E.T.C).The first evidence for E.T.C culture in western Iran was revealed at Yanik Tepe, a mound located to the northwest of Lake Urmia. The burnished hand-made ceramics had dark grey-black and red fabric and were decorated with incised and excised geometric patterns, sometimes in-filled after firing with gypsum. The characteristic ceramics were subsequently identified much further south in the Zagros Mountains. Recent fieldwork by Bu Ali Sina University has identified the existence of E.T.C. material at the mound of Tepe Pissa on the Hamedan plain, northwest of Hamadan by Mohamadifar and Motarjem in 2008. This classification and outcome study of cognitive style pottery artifacts from the excavations of the Tepe Pissa. The pottery designs can be said, these motifs are special symbols in the Iranian plateau. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - An Overview of the Chalcolithic Period in North West Iran and some Suggestions for the Basin Extends Dalma Tradition
Mohsen HeydariOne of the periods and culture in northwest of Iran which is of little attention is the period of Chalcolithic and Dalma pottery tradition. Unfortunately our information about this period is so slight and it is limited to some brief essays and reports. This pottery trad MoreOne of the periods and culture in northwest of Iran which is of little attention is the period of Chalcolithic and Dalma pottery tradition. Unfortunately our information about this period is so slight and it is limited to some brief essays and reports. This pottery tradition have relatively vast extension basin from northwest to central Zagros, and it includes painted, manipulated decoration (Incised, Impressed, Punched and Adjunct), plain pottery with red slip. It seems that painted potteries are the continuation of previous period, Hjifiruz, and potteries with manipulated decoration don’t have any record in the area and probably entered this area from another area. Unluckily, although various models and views about the extension of Dalma tradition has been presented, there is no information about how it has been extended. Has the extension of this pottery been occurred by the migrations or nomad? Has the transmission of Lightness The idea been influential in the meantime or other factors? This obscurity still remains in force because of the lack of accurate territorial and extraterritorial investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Tepe Sarghal’eh: the Evidence of Uruk Pottery in Kurdistan Province and its Relation with Routes of Iran to Mesopotamia
Amir Saed Mucheshi Ali Azarshab Zahra GhaffariIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered MoreIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered potsherds show this mound just belongs to late Chalcolithic period and Il-Khanid (Mongol) dynasty. What makes this mound a remarkable one is the existence of first Uruk pottery samples in Kurdistan province. In other words, finding such potsherds in Sarghal’eh Tepe indicates the importance of this site – as it is located on the route to Mesopotamia – and the influence of Mesopotamia on this area, selecting appropriate places as well as the site size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Abharrud Basin in Chalcolithic Period: Revision to the Dalma Settlements at the North-Western Borders of Iranian Central Plateau
Shokouh Khosravi Hamid Khatib Shahidi Sajjad AlibaigiIn the fifth millennium B.C, the Dalma ceramic cultural tradition spread throughout much of the north-west and western of Iran. However, insufficient pieces evidence of the same expansion and distribution of this tradition over eastern parts of North west and central Ir MoreIn the fifth millennium B.C, the Dalma ceramic cultural tradition spread throughout much of the north-west and western of Iran. However, insufficient pieces evidence of the same expansion and distribution of this tradition over eastern parts of North west and central Iranian plateau have been obtained during the surveys at Abharrud basin area. Abharrud basin is located among the three cultural-geographic regions of the central plateau, north-west and west of Iran. During the surveys in this area, 12 Dalma associated sites were discovered and examined. The discovered sites might have possibly been small villages situated near water sources and mostly on the intermountain plain of Abhar or among the highlands; according to the location selection, these villages belong to nomads wandering in between the north-west and western parts of Iran's basins. The matter of this research is that it can yield a large amount of information about the eastern cultures and traditions of the north-west, north-east of western Iran and the western cultures of central plateau and the characteristics and cultural types of these regions (their similarities and differences) in a small but prominent region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Soundings at Tepe Kalin Kabud, Marivan County
Sirwan Mohammadi Ghasrian Eghbal Azizi Ali BehniaIdentifying a large number of Parthian Archaeological sites in Marivan County, has turned this area into one of the most important regions of Kurdistan province suitable for Parthian Period studies. Obviously, Tepe Kalin Kaboud with its considerable measurements, geopol MoreIdentifying a large number of Parthian Archaeological sites in Marivan County, has turned this area into one of the most important regions of Kurdistan province suitable for Parthian Period studies. Obviously, Tepe Kalin Kaboud with its considerable measurements, geopolitical position inside the plain and surface findings like clinky potsherds, Parthian jars, and brick fragments is one of the most important Parthian sites not only in Marivan but in Kurdistan province. This mentioned factors show that this sit is not an ordinary rural settlement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Study of Kora Araxes Art
Bahram AjorlooCulture of Kora-Araxes in the middle of fourth millennium (about 3500 B.C) was expanded in Caucasian and region of Urumieh lake. People of culture of Kora-Araxes are introduced as pastoral semi migrant tribes who were also familiar with agriculture. Stratigraphical disc MoreCulture of Kora-Araxes in the middle of fourth millennium (about 3500 B.C) was expanded in Caucasian and region of Urumieh lake. People of culture of Kora-Araxes are introduced as pastoral semi migrant tribes who were also familiar with agriculture. Stratigraphical discussions, its origin, expansion, and the manner of economical and cultural interaction of societies of Kora-Araxes culture with other societies of near east in the age of old bronze has always preceded from its artistic discussion. Maybe in the first glance we cannot speak about Kora's art with classical and aesthetical criterions, but definition of art is just like the definition of beauty, and seeing that what is beautiful, is relative and diverse. Due to the same relativity, historical presence of Kora-Arakes people's art needs to be surveyed in order to recognize and classify its criterions; because in archaeological excavations are confronted with manifested forms which have distinct form, definite value and harmony and they have one thousand style and tradition. Archaeologists or art historian study about Kora-Araxes culture finds manipulations of people which have been the production of a creative activity and continuation of one thousand years tradition of its creation is a sign of its value and social acceptance before a very old society. In this article, artistic work of Kora –Araxes culture are surveyed and classified in four categories of pottery, manifested arts, architecture, and metal working in order to recognize its characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Site No. 11 of Talvar Dam Basin, Bijar, Kurdistan
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Reza Behdadfard Ghafour KakaWithin the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this MoreWithin the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this Basin. After recognizing and identifying the archeological sites, the discovering around the key areas and sites was started. Tel No. 11 was excavated with the basic aim of saving and achieving the archeological information. This site was excavated during one season through stratigraphy and in a horizontal way. In these excavations, some works of Chalcolithic and historical Parthian periods were obtained which paved the way for the possibility of performing some comparative studies as well as understanding cultural interactions in this area. With regards to the conducted comparisons, most of the cultural exchanges of Chalcolithic period in this area have been with Zanjan and Takestan regions. However, these infra-regional interactions with Dalma cultural areas in Central Zagros and NorthWest could be observed. The ceramics related to this area, in Parthian Period, reveal the features of Iran’s west region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Archaeological Survey and Analysis of Parthian Period Artifacts and Settlements in the Qezel Ozan Watershed in Ijrood County
Reza Akhondi Araz Najafi Farzad MafiIjrood County, located in Zanjan province, has special environmental potential due to its geographical location. Knowing the Parthian sites of this area can help us to better understand the cultural evolutions of this period in the western and northwestern regions of Ir MoreIjrood County, located in Zanjan province, has special environmental potential due to its geographical location. Knowing the Parthian sites of this area can help us to better understand the cultural evolutions of this period in the western and northwestern regions of Iran. The current research was conducted in the form of a field survey to clarify the situation and cultural evolution of this area during the Parthian period. To this end, the survey of the geographical area of the Golabar Village and the northwestern part of the Ijrood River in the Ijrood-e Payin Village was carried out during two seasons. The results of this survey led to the identification of 100 ancient sites (68 sites in Golabar and 32 sites in the northwest of the Ijrood River), of which 35 sites had Parthian artifacts. The typology of the Parthian pottery and general understanding of the Parthian settlement pattern of the study area were important results of this research. The number of Parthian sites increased significantly compared to the previous period (Achaemenid), and even the sites of the later period (Sassanid) were not as large as Parthian. This indicates the demographic changes with the transformation of the settlement distribution pattern, compared to the previous period. Additionally, it was found that most of the settlements in the area consisted of small villages and a few large villages, and no evidence of urban centers were identified. The material culture of the area in the Parthian period seems to have some native-local characteristics that distinguish it from the western and northwestern regions of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Description, Classification, and Typology Analysis of Parthian Pottery of Rumeshgan Region in Luristan
Farshad Miri Naser Norouzzadeh Chegini Alireza KhosrowzadehRumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Cert MoreRumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Certainly, the study of these settlements can provide a clearer perspective on the material-cultural status of the region as well as how its cultural interactions with neighboring areas. For this purpose, in this article, the findings of the Parthian pottery obtained from the survey of the enclosures of the Rumshagan settlements were studied, typology, comparison, and analysis. As a result, four types of ordinary pottery, glossy, painted, and glazed were identified. The comparative study and comparison of pottery show that the material culture of this region during the Parthian period, despite the influence of some indigenous local features, is ultimately part of the Western cultural landscape of the country. Other research findings highlight the link between the culture’s pottery culture and neighborhoods, such as Southwest, Northwest, and Mesopotamia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Late Chalcolithic Period at Tepe Segzabad
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin NiknamiTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of l MoreTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of late 4th Millennium BC Cultures is Known Late Chalcolithic Period in Central Plateau, Has been identified in Tepe Sagzabad. Research-based Training Excavation [Practical method of excavating projects] was carried out in the fall of 2008 by the Department of Archaeology, Tehran University, intending to study the layers of the late chalcolithic discovered in 2007. In this season three trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. At last, the evidence of the late chalcolithic was only found in trench 6. Unfortunately, the expedition couldn’t find any complete structural [architectural] remains due to illegal digging, but a considerable number of pottery sherds typical of this period, were found. This article will only focus on the typology, classification and various types of the late chalcolithic pottery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Introduction of Local Beakers in Dahan-e Gholaman Achaemenid Settlement
Zohreh Zehbari Reza MehrAfarin Seyyed Rasool Mousavi HajiDahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato&r MoreDahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato’s supervision and the second archaeological excavation was undertaken in 1379-1384 by an Iranian Expedition under Sajjadi’s supervision. Archaeogeophysics has been used in recent studies in Dahan-E Gholaman by Kourosh Mohamadkhani. Pottery is the only valuable archaeological finding of Dahan-e Gholaman. Therefore the investigation of the potteries is useful for improving our knowledge of Achaemenid ceramic tradition in southeast of Iran. This paper is devoted to discovered beakers from this site and has been written based on statistical analyses and quantitative variables of 412 beakers. For this purpose, all of beakers have been studied and analyzed using different aspects and variables. The statistical analyses and technical characteristics of Beakers show that this ceramics were produced on certain standards and for specific purposes in Dahana-e Gholaman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Excavations at Hotu Cave and Significance of its Iron Age Pottery
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehIn the excavations which were taken place in "Hotu cave", near Behshahr, more than fifty years age, in addition to findings of Stone Age, remains of more recently eras and particularly Iron Age were obtained. But since this cave was searched aiming to study Stone Age an MoreIn the excavations which were taken place in "Hotu cave", near Behshahr, more than fifty years age, in addition to findings of Stone Age, remains of more recently eras and particularly Iron Age were obtained. But since this cave was searched aiming to study Stone Age and to attain to the remains of this era, not much attention was paid to the findings of Iron Age and these materials were recorded in the national museum of Iran. This situation is prevailed whereas our information about Iron Age in North East Iran is very restricted and every kind of data in this field can be very valuable. This article discusses about the quality of recognition and excavation of Hotu cave and its stratigraphy and Chronology with attention to Iron Age layers and emphasize on the necessity of study, classification and introduction of Iron Age pottery in this cave. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Uruk Pottery, Based on Strip Survey of South Abu Fandowah Site, Khuzestan, Southwestern Iran
Aytakin Habibi Mohammad KaramiUruk period (3200-3000 BC), the era of civilization in southern Mesopotamia and Iran, is recognizable by material culture production changes that one of them was large quantity of plain pottery instead of before painted tradition. During the late Uruk period, in southwe MoreUruk period (3200-3000 BC), the era of civilization in southern Mesopotamia and Iran, is recognizable by material culture production changes that one of them was large quantity of plain pottery instead of before painted tradition. During the late Uruk period, in southwestern Iran, some settled sites flourished and became large centers especially in Susiana plain. Choghamish, Susa and Abu Fandowah were most important among them with more than 15 Ha. We would like to focus on Uruk potteries of one of the mentioned sites, which is Abu Fandowah, next to the Susa city in the Northern Khuzestan- southwestern Iran. It is surveyed and excavated in year 2006 but we will discuss about southern complex of above site that is surveyed by Strip method. We separated Uruk pottery into three main categories and tried to introduce most of Uruk wares rim forms, Beveled Rim Bowls and other decorations which are observable on the body sherds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - New Evidences of Late Bronze and Iron Age in Qaleh Tepe of Abhar
Amir Sadegh Naghshineh Bahnam Ghanbari Babak AlaeiAbhar Roud Baisn which is placed in the east of Zanjan precinct is not exactly recognized. This precinct is across the most important natural road which connects North West to central north. Qaleh Tape is one of the significant archeological sites which are placed in th MoreAbhar Roud Baisn which is placed in the east of Zanjan precinct is not exactly recognized. This precinct is across the most important natural road which connects North West to central north. Qaleh Tape is one of the significant archeological sites which are placed in the south of this river. In recent years most of this Tape is destroyed. As a result of archeological investigation in this precinct many traces related to different period were found. One of the most important traces were regarding to clays related to Iron Age. This evidence show that people related to Iron Age period lived in this Tape. Finding clays named Poly Chrome which belongs to Bronze period showed that there was a connection between Qaleh Tape and eastern area and Qazvin in this period. Finding gray clays concerned with Iron Age in this precinct demonstrated that this place was used as a place for living from new Bronze period to Iron Age. Finding some intact clay belong to Iron Age I and a Poly Chrome container related to new Bronze Age showed that at the end of the Bronze period and at the beginning of the Iron Age this Tape was used as a cemetery. Finally, based on the other finding of this Tape related to new Bronze Age and Iron Age we can come to a conclusion regarding to cultural relations of Abhar Roud precinct people with adjacent area. Probably, Latrine Abhar precinct was the best connection way from central north to west and west north. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Study and Analysis of Parthian Pottery of Harsin County, Central District
Ramin Chehri Yaghoub Mohammadifar Ismaeil Hemmati AzandaryaniHarsin County is one of the central Zagros areas that have delicate geographical and biological conditions by having mountains, valleys, and lots of water sources to make settlements. Archeological discoveries and confirmations say this area has been a residential one i MoreHarsin County is one of the central Zagros areas that have delicate geographical and biological conditions by having mountains, valleys, and lots of water sources to make settlements. Archeological discoveries and confirmations say this area has been a residential one in the Parthian era. After research and investigations of writers, 30 Parthian areas along with potteries and prominent data were analyzed. Sampling was done on a total of 350 potsherds, and as a result, 250 pieces belong to the Parthian era and the rest belong to the former and later eras. In this article, information about Parthian potsherds was supplied and the conclusion was the resemblance of the cultural data of the area with the pottery samples of central Zagros, via the pottery typology and comparing studies. The criterion for identifying and classifying pottery was based on Haerink’s idea of classifying Parthian’s pottery. According to the studies, Parthian potteries of central Zagros include special types which were identified in the majority of Parthian sites in the area. Studies show the resemblance of pottery tradition in this area and many of central Zagros areas, and the cultural and commercial relationships are the result of this resemblance. Harsin County is no different so its pottery resembled most of the central Zagros’s. The prominent pottery types of the area in the Parthian era can be classified into four groups simple, engraved, enameled, and clicky. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Typology of the Iron Age Pottery from Pileh Qaleh, Roudbar, Gilan
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehPileh Qaleh is a settlement site in Roudbar region of Gilan Province and it is located in 500 meters from the well-known Marlik cemetery. Nearly 50 years ago, the site was extensively excavated by Dr. Negahban. Based on limited published information, this site has remai MorePileh Qaleh is a settlement site in Roudbar region of Gilan Province and it is located in 500 meters from the well-known Marlik cemetery. Nearly 50 years ago, the site was extensively excavated by Dr. Negahban. Based on limited published information, this site has remains from Iron Age, Historical and Islamic periods. But the findings from this excavation have not been published yet. A part of these findings is a pottery collection from trench M that is being maintained in National Museum of Iran. In this article, the Iron Age pottery from this trench is introduced and studied. The pottery belongs to the Iron Age I, of Roudbar region, and has many parallel indicator types with important sites such as Marlik, Ghalekuti, Lamehzamin and Lasulkan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Revisision of Geographical Scope of Godin III Pottery Sequence in Centeral Zagros
Khodakaram MazaheriMonochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of MoreMonochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of study of the geographical scope of consecutive stages of Godin III pottery tradition, we distinguished that this kind of pottery tradition in beginning of its appearance and simultaneous with Godin III:6 / Susa IVA, spread in throughout central Zagros geographical scope, as in this phase, have the most spread area of distribution, moreover this phase pottery have clear relations with contemporary monochrome painted pottery tradition in Fars area, from methodology point. In other hand, a small quantity of this phase pottery was fund in Al–Hiba, ancient Lagash. We face with different situation, after end of the Godin III:6 phase. In the northern districts of distribution domain including the east of the Kuh-i Garin, eastern Pish-i Kuh and about western Pish-i Kuh, the continuous stages of the pottery tradition of Godin III, without dealing with any specific problem, have gone on until the end of this period. However, southern districts which include Pusht-i Kuh, Khuzestan and some of southern Pish-i Kuh valleys, faced different situation, so that during each of Godin's III phases in southern districts dealt with specific situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Archaeological Analysis of Manometers and Settlements of Abharrud Basin
Farzad Mafi Mohammad Rahim SarafThe geographical region of Abharrud in Zanjan province has a situation due to its special geographical location, knowing the extent and quality of its cultural development in the Parthian period can help us to better understand the cultural developments in the northwest MoreThe geographical region of Abharrud in Zanjan province has a situation due to its special geographical location, knowing the extent and quality of its cultural development in the Parthian period can help us to better understand the cultural developments in the northwest of the country in the Parthian period. This research was carried out in the form of a field study and in order to clarify the cultural situation of the region in the Parthian period; In this regard, the survey of the geographical area of Abharrud (including the cities of Abhar and Khoramdareh) was carried out in two seasons and as a result, 257 ancient sites were identified, of which 64 sites had Parthian artifacts. The study of the typology of Parthian pottery in the region as well as the general understanding and reception of the settlement pattern of the region in the Parthian period is one of the important results of this research, which indicates demographic changes or changes in the distribution pattern of settlements compared to the previous period. In addition, it was determined that most of the settlements in the region are small villages and no evidence of urban centers was identified. It seems that the material culture of the region in the Parthian period, while having some native-local characteristics, distinguishes it from other western and northwestern regions of the country to some extent. Finally, it is a part of the cultural scope of the west and northwest of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Sasanian Pottery of Western Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Based on Archaeological Survey Samples of Farsan County
Hossein Habibi Yadollah Heydari Baba KamalPottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and stu MorePottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and study of economic and cultural interactions between past societies. Therefore making acquaintance with this material culture and presenting more and more exact classifications is a basic, but of high importance work to be done in the archaeological recognition of past societies. Yet, unfortunately our archaeological knowledge of the Sasanian ceramics is negligible. Finding a large number of Sasanian shards from the archaeological survey of Farsan County in Chahar-mahal & Bakhtiari province, the present paper deals with description, typology and comparison of Sasanian ceramics from this county. Based on that, it has been specified that Sasanian Pottery of Farsan has the clear similarity with acquired samples from the neighboring cultural zones of Khuzestan and Fars which according to the dynastic character of Sasanian political system, geographic specifications of the region and the prevailing livelihood mode of nomadism of these societies make sense. The results of this research gave a new sight to the interaction between the under study region, which is lying at the crossroad of southwest, west and central plateau routs of Iran, and neighboring regions during Sasanian era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Description, Classification and Typology of Parthian Pottery in Qorveh Destrict (Kurdistan)
Farzad Mafi Ali Behnia Mohammad BahramzadehQorveh destrict of Kurdistan in the South East contains many Parthian relics due to its geographical location and certain environmental conditions and geographical proximity with important Parthian settlements in west and north-west of Iran. During the field studies con MoreQorveh destrict of Kurdistan in the South East contains many Parthian relics due to its geographical location and certain environmental conditions and geographical proximity with important Parthian settlements in west and north-west of Iran. During the field studies conducted mostly in the so called areas, it was discovered that Parthian regions are remnants of small settlements. According to the description, this article is to help increase our knowledge about the cultural condition of the site in Achaemenid period, based on the description, classification and typology of the obtained pottery from this area. According to studies, Parthian pottery of this region includes pottery with cordage motif, piteous and one of the Parthian typical pottery or Clinky - common forms of these potteries - include bowls, cups, jugs and jars, pots and small pots. The pottery decoration techniques generally include carved images with wavy and parallel lines, and a unique inlay working technique. Bsed on the the results of these studies, it can be said that Parthian pottery of Qorveh is very similar to samples of Bistoon, Noushijan, Qale-e-Zahak , Qale Yazgerd , Khorhe, Kangavar, Asadabad, Paveh ,Marivan, Salas-e-Babajani, despite having some local characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Tappe Karasf, A Middle Islamic Site in Khodabande County, Zanjan Province
Hamed Zifar Iman Mostafapour Behnam GhanbariTappe Karasf which is laid on southwest corner of Karasf city is located in Khodabande county, Zanjan province. This site is part of a bigger mound that, unfortunately, most of it has been destroyed by human activities during last years. A salvage excavation was carried MoreTappe Karasf which is laid on southwest corner of Karasf city is located in Khodabande county, Zanjan province. This site is part of a bigger mound that, unfortunately, most of it has been destroyed by human activities during last years. A salvage excavation was carried out during March and April 2016, because of massive destructions, and the mission was mainly concentrated on gathering maximum information. During this season of excavation, 3 trenches and 5 test trenches excavated to understand the architectural remains and cultural sequence of the site as well. Expedition managed to identify architectural remains belong to middle Islamic era (Sixth & Seventh Centuries A.H.) along with Islamic pottery herds, specially incised decoration under white and green glazes, and a particular type of pottery well known as Garrus ware. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A Typology for Iron Age Small Glazed Jars in Western Iran
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehOne of kinds Iron Age Pottery in Western Iran is the glazed ware. This ware, that forms a few percentage of Iron Age pottery, is only seen in Iron Age III and II, and usually recognized as an imported ware from Assyria, to Western Iran. The most common from is this ware MoreOne of kinds Iron Age Pottery in Western Iran is the glazed ware. This ware, that forms a few percentage of Iron Age pottery, is only seen in Iron Age III and II, and usually recognized as an imported ware from Assyria, to Western Iran. The most common from is this ware is the small glazed vessel, that will be classified, and its geographical distribution in Western Iran will be studied in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Typology of Iron Age Goblets and Cups
Amir Sadegh NaghshinehCups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goble MoreCups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goblets. These wares are indicator of Iron Age I and II, and often found in the cemeteries of this age. Their geographical distribution is vast, and they observed in northwest, north and south slope of Alborz Mountains, central plateau and central Zagros. A total of 344 samples of these cups and goblets have been excavated and published from Iron Age sites in these regions. This research aims to propose a new typology for the wares and to study their geographical distribution. The main criterion in this typology is the shape of the ware. For this purpose, the complete shape of the ware is divided in four sections, and based on variation and combination of the four sections, some types are defined. Geographical distribution of the types in the different regions is not uniform and harmonious, rather some types are found in all regions and some others are common in some regions. This situation can indicate presence of local tendency in production of the ware. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Tepe Gavor Qaleh Si a Settlement of Kura-Aras Culture in Chaldoran, Northwest Iran
Afrasiab Gravand Akbar Abedi Gader Ebrahimi Fatemeh MalekpourTowards the end of the fourth millennium BC, a culture was formed in the Caucasus, northwest Iran and eastern Anatolia, which extended to Central Zagros, central Iran, and northern Iran, and present-day Palestine. Or the culture of Kora-Aras is famous. In this period, n MoreTowards the end of the fourth millennium BC, a culture was formed in the Caucasus, northwest Iran and eastern Anatolia, which extended to Central Zagros, central Iran, and northern Iran, and present-day Palestine. Or the culture of Kora-Aras is famous. In this period, northwestern Iran is witnessing an increase in the size of the sites, a sudden change in pottery, and also an unprecedented increase in the number of settlements, which indicates the influence of a new cultural tradition. The tradition of painted chickpea pottery of the previous period (Chalcolithic) is almost obsolete and black-gray pottery is replaced by engraved pottery. Simultaneously with the influence of Kora-Aras culture to the northwest of Iran, the Chaldoran region is also affected by the influence of Kora-Aras culture. Tepe Gavar Qalehsi is a settlement in the middle mountain plain of Chaldoran, which has evidence of Kora-Aras culture. This place, which is located 23 km northwest of Chaldoran city, was identified and examined to visit the city's monuments. The results of archaeological research indicate that this place is a single settlement that was formed in the late fourth millennium and early third millennium BC and has traces and evidence (stone architecture and gray pottery) of this cultural period. The pottery of this area has the most similarities with the pottery of Yaniq Tappeh, Kohnshahr Chaldoran, Baruj Marand, Dozdaghi Khoy, and Kol Tappeh II of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this study, the collected pottery in the archeological study of Gavar Qaleh Si is studied and archaeological analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Review on Islamic Potteries from the Site of Moshkin Tape, Parandak in Central Province
Hossein Sedighian Firouz MahjourOne of the major Islamic sites of Central Province, the site of Moshkin Tape, is located in one and a half miles away New City of Parandak, in a semi-desert region. Due to its geographical location, extent, area, name and other features, Moshkin Tape must probably be th MoreOne of the major Islamic sites of Central Province, the site of Moshkin Tape, is located in one and a half miles away New City of Parandak, in a semi-desert region. Due to its geographical location, extent, area, name and other features, Moshkin Tape must probably be the same Moshkuye mentioned in historical texts and historical geography of 4th century AD so far. These areas were systematically reviewed and excavated in 2008, whose part of systematic review of data is presented in the following paper. In this article, the glazed and unglazed potteries scattered in surface areas have been numbered, classified, studied and finally analyzed; first by technical features such as paste, temper and then the classification of their decorative features. It should be noted that based on relative chronology and comparative features of the potteries – which more or less was previously referred to – more scattered surface clay potteries of this area are related to the 12 and 13 AD centuries. But also, among them are potteries about 9 to 12 and 13 to 16 centuries AD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A Clay Jar Decorated with Quranic Verses and a Metal Key Discovered from Tepe Nargeh
Saeid GanjaviThe excavations at Tepe Nargeh, located in the south of Takestan county, began in 1998. These excavations are carried out every year for the purpose of teaching practical courses for archaeology students of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch. So far 39 trenches with MoreThe excavations at Tepe Nargeh, located in the south of Takestan county, began in 1998. These excavations are carried out every year for the purpose of teaching practical courses for archaeology students of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch. So far 39 trenches with dimensions of 10 x 10 m and seven stepped trenches have been excavated in different parts of it. The artifacts that were found during these years and in different trenches, mainly belong to the Islamic era, among which a jar with inscription was found during the excavation of 2005 from trench 14K. This jar is decorated by Quranic verses, which this article introduces and describes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Achaemenid Period Pottery Culture in Northeast Anatolia (A Case Study of Achaemenid Painted Pottery in Kars City Museum, Turkey)
Leyla Afshari Sorayya AfshariEastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery c MoreEastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery culture. The monochrome, glossy red slipped pottery of Urartu was replaced by monochrome and polychrome painted pottery in miscellaneous forms. After the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom, the culture of Eastern Anatolia was gradually changed and over time, the old culture, developed by the official state, disappeared. This process did not occur instantaneously. Rather, it appears that a couple of centuries were needed for such a reshaping. Historically, Urartian influence still exists in the early phase of the Late Iron Age, which coincides with the Median dominance period. This phase is considered to be associated with a post-Urartian/Median period, which can be placed among the painted wares of Urartu and the Late Iron Age. Within the scope of this study, we succeeded in coming to certain conclusions concerning ceramic finds, which were obtained from the excavation sites in the region where architecture could not have been sufficiently examined. In the post-Urartian/Median phase, manufacturing with red-colored paste, influenced by Urartu, continues. While certain continuity also persists among the shapes, the prototype examples of double-handled metal vases, developed in the Achaemenid period, appear as a novelty. Firstly, our current study considers the pottery of the Achaemenid Period, which was discovered by archaeologists in the excavations and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Achaemenid Region. Secondly, This study will generally analyze the painted pottery of the Achaemenid period that is preserved at Kars Museum, taking into account the excavation and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Brain response to taste in faced brands of nutrition products
mona danehvash mahdi fadaei danial saer samieiNowadays, a large amount of the budget paid by manufacturers is spent on product advertising. Recently, researchers have come up with solutions that allow manufacturers to directly analyze consumers' reactions to their products by analyzing brain signals. This technique MoreNowadays, a large amount of the budget paid by manufacturers is spent on product advertising. Recently, researchers have come up with solutions that allow manufacturers to directly analyze consumers' reactions to their products by analyzing brain signals. This technique is called "neuromarketing". The purpose of the present study was to compare the brain response of consumers to breakfast chocolate in the face of taste and brand. In this study through electroencephalographic equipment in 14 brain regions at the time of tasting breakfast chocolate by 35 subjects in three stages without brand awareness, brand awareness and false brands with correct brands and in each stage there were three brands. Sampling was performed on all frequency bands. The results showed that there was a significant difference between brain activity in regions AF3 and AF4 while tasting chocolate without brand awareness and tasting chocolate with brand awareness. As a result, both taste and brand influence brain activity, but the brand influence was much greater than where the taste of the two brands shifted, leading to erroneous beliefs by the subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia
Mohamadhosein SadeghizaliThis study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia. Garlic oil was obtained in pure form. Different dilutions of antibiotic cephalexin were prepared after preparing. The MoreThis study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia. Garlic oil was obtained in pure form. Different dilutions of antibiotic cephalexin were prepared after preparing. The acidophilus filter preparation was carried out. Analyzing the antimicrobial properties and stability of acidophilus filter is done through determining MIC, MBC and hard Disc. The results showed that 50 cases of samples were male and 52 samples were female of 102 middle ear infection samples. In 90 cases (88.24%) the infection was due to bacterial otitis of which Staphylococcus aureus (22.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%) had maximum middle ear- infection leading bacteria, respectively, and 12 (11.76%) had infectious causes. Acidophilus filter and garlic oil could inhibit otitis predominant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in dog in the city of Urmia almost as common antibiotics and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus significantly more than Streptococcus pneumoniae (P <0.05). The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal concentration of Staphylococcus aureus growth affected by acidophilus filter, garlic oil and cephalexin antibiotic and also the complexes of garlic essential oil + acidophilus filter, and acidophilus filter + cephalexin were significantly lower than that of Streptococcus pneumonia and the minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration of the growth of garlic oil + cephalexin was the same on both of bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Infection of the cat fish (Silurus glanis) with Proteocephalus osculatus and Siluritaenia siluri in Aras Dam
soheil toutounchi seyedjavid mortazavitabrizi omid habibi jamileh pazoukiTo investigate and identify the helminthes parasites in the digestive tract of the catfish in Aras Dam in the spring of 2011, 50 catfish were caught measuring 0.5 to 4.5 kg and 50 to 120 cm from this dam. Their Gastrointestinal tracts were then removed and placed in pla MoreTo investigate and identify the helminthes parasites in the digestive tract of the catfish in Aras Dam in the spring of 2011, 50 catfish were caught measuring 0.5 to 4.5 kg and 50 to 120 cm from this dam. Their Gastrointestinal tracts were then removed and placed in plastic containers containing 10% formalin and transferred to Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The helminthes parasites were isolated, stained and identified and their species were determined. During this survey of 50 catfish caught from Aras Dam, 145 Proteocephalus osculatus and 88 Siluritaenia silurus parasites was isolated and identified. The infection rate of these two parasites of catfish was 100%. This is the first report of these two parasites of catfish from Aras Dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Classification and Feature Extraction of Electroencephalogram Signals for Epilepsy Using PCA, ICA, DWT and SVM Methods
Javad Ebrahimnejad Mahkam Kahkesh Alireza NaghshThe purpose of this article is to classify electroencephalogram signals into two types of epilepsy and healthy.To achieve the highest accuracy, various techniques have been used. The desired characteristics of these signals can be extracted by Wavelet Transform and Empi MoreThe purpose of this article is to classify electroencephalogram signals into two types of epilepsy and healthy.To achieve the highest accuracy, various techniques have been used. The desired characteristics of these signals can be extracted by Wavelet Transform and Empirical Mode Decomposition methods.These two methods are compared in terms of impact in the classification process. To reduce the dimensions of the feature space, Independent and principal Component Analysis methods can be used. Then, in order to reduce the effect of noise on electroencephalogram signal analysis, a smoothing method can be applied.Finally, by using Support Vector machine classifier, the existing data classified.These steps were tested for an existing data set, including 5 groups of single channel electroencephalogram signals. Results show that the empirical decomposition method has high efficiency and accuracy to extract the characteristics and classification of signals. Accordingly, the accuracy and sensitivity of both combinations of "empirical mode decomposition - independent component analysis" and "empirical mode decomposition - principal component analysis", after data smoothing, as a new approach to extraction and classification of features are 100%. The output of this system is used to control and treat the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks in Emotion Recognition Using Electroencephalography Signal Patterns
Azin Kermanshahian Mahdi KhezriIn this study, the design of a reliable detection system that is able to identify different emotions with the desired accuracy has been considered. To reach this goal, two different structures for the emotion recognition system include 1) using linear and non-linear fea MoreIn this study, the design of a reliable detection system that is able to identify different emotions with the desired accuracy has been considered. To reach this goal, two different structures for the emotion recognition system include 1) using linear and non-linear features of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal along with common classifiers and 2) using EEG signal in a deep learning structure is considered to identify emotional states. To design the system, the EEG signals of the DEAP database which were recorded by displaying emotional videos from 32 subjects were used. After the preparation and noise removal, linear and non-linear features such as: Skewness, Kurtosis, Hjorth parameters, Lyapunov exponent, Shannon entropy, correlation and fractal dimension and time reversibility were extracted from the alpha, beta and gamma subbands of the EEG signals. Then according to structure 1, the features were applied as input to common classifiers such as decision tree (DT), k nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM). Also in structure 2, the EEG signal was considered as the input of the convoloutional neural network (CNN). The goal is to evaluate the results of deep learning networks and other methods for emotion recognition. According to the obtained results, the SVM achieved the best performance for identifying four emotional states with 94.1 % accuracy. Also, the proposed CNN identified the desired emotional states with the accuracy of 86%. Deep learning methods are superior to simple classifiers because they do not require the features of the signals and are resistant to different noises. Using a short period of time for the signals and performing near optimal preprocessing and conditioning, can further improve the results of deep neural networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - An Overview of Drugs Addiction Diagnosis Methods on Brain Activity and Structure Based on Electroencephalogram Signals
Atefeh Tobeiha Neda Behzadfar Mohammad Reza Yousefi Homayoun Mahdavi-NasabDrug addiction causes structural and functional changes in the human brain and can be considered a chronic disease. So far, various studies have been performed to examine addiction on the brain signal, which differs in terms of method, experimental conditions, samples, MoreDrug addiction causes structural and functional changes in the human brain and can be considered a chronic disease. So far, various studies have been performed to examine addiction on the brain signal, which differs in terms of method, experimental conditions, samples, and results. A review of previous studies and experimental methods is necessary to better examine the issues and challenges in the design of addiction studies. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, as a non-invasive instrument, has the potential to monitor the functional and cognitive activity of the brain. EEG can be used to examine the relationship between changes in the brain caused by drug use. This article will review the changes in brain signals caused by substance use as well as after quitting drugs. The results show that the use of narcotic drugs reduces attention processing and causes functional disorders and brain abnormalities. In addicted people, an increase in the activity of the beta subunit and the second alpha subunit, a delay in the event, and a decrease in the amplitude of P300 have been observed. Also, the power ratio of alpha to theta subunit has decreased in T6 and a significant difference has been observed in the power ratio between delta subunit and alpha subunit. The findings showed that people's desire and history of drug consumption affect the power of the electroencephalogram signal. The neural activity in the sub-alpha band of people who quit an addiction is also significantly weaker in the parietal (BA3 and BA7), frontal (BA4 and BA6), and limbic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Prediction of Success in Neurofeedback Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder before Starting Treatment
Nikoo Khanahmadi MR YousefiIn this paper, the method of predicting the treatability of patients suffering from hyperactivity with neurofeedback training with the help of extracting the frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and using the brain-functional communication evaluation MoreIn this paper, the method of predicting the treatability of patients suffering from hyperactivity with neurofeedback training with the help of extracting the frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and using the brain-functional communication evaluation criterion is done to determine the person's treatability before starting the neurofeedback treatment. This algorithm consists of six steps: In the first step, a data set of EEG signal recording during neurofeedback stimulation from 60 students in the age group of 7 to 14 years (regardless of gender) with hyperactivity in two treatable and non-treatable classes was obtained from the Mendelian database. In the second step, primary filtering has been done to reduce the noise of the data set using a pre-processing block. In the third step, the frequency distribution of the alpha and beta bands is extracted from the noise reduction signals. In this type of data, the difference in the EEG components of each group can be expressed by measuring brain-functional communication and using the phase lock index (PLI), which is used to detect the existence of a connection between the brain lobes involved once using the probability value index. In the t-test statistical test and to increase the accu­ra­c­y, the genetic algorithm was used to identify the effective electrodes in the treatment. So, the fourth step is to extract the feature, which is to measure the amount of brain communication in the brain signal recording electrodes. In the fifth step, it is to reduce the feature space, the results show show that the lobes involved during neurofeedback stimulation are the frontal and central lobes, and among the 32 EEG recording channels, only the data of 6 channels C3, FZ, F4, CZ, C4, and F3 show a significant difference in the amount of brain communication during stimulation. and finally, in the sixth step, by using different classifications, the output of the combination of classifications was the label of one of two classes, treatable or non-treatable. In this proposed method, the correctness cri­te­rion is used to express the research result, and finally the percentage of correctness obtained is 90.6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Optimal Feature Space Selection in Detecting Epileptic Seizure based on Recurrent Quantification Analysis and Genetic Algorithm
Saleh LAshkari Mehdi AzarnooshSelecting optimal features based on nature of the phenomenon and high discriminant ability is very important in the data classification problems. Since it doesn't require any assumption about stationary condition and size of the signal and the noise in Recurrent Quantif MoreSelecting optimal features based on nature of the phenomenon and high discriminant ability is very important in the data classification problems. Since it doesn't require any assumption about stationary condition and size of the signal and the noise in Recurrent Quantification Analysis (RQA), it may be useful for epileptic seizure Detection. In this study, RQA was used to discriminate ictal EEG from the normal EEG where optimal features selected by combination of algorithm genetic and Bayesian Classifier. Recurrence plots of hundred samples in each two categories were obtained with five distance norms in this study: Euclidean, Maximum, Minimum, Normalized and Fixed Norm. In order to choose optimal threshold for each norm, ten threshold of ε was generated and then the best feature space was selected by genetic algorithm in combination with a bayesian classifier. The results shown that proposed method is capable of discriminating the ictal EEG from the normal EEG where for Minimum norm and 0.1˂ε˂1, accuracy was 100%. In addition, the sensitivity of proposed framework to the ε and the distance norm parameters was low. The optimal feature presented in this study is Trans which it was selected in most feature spaces with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - کاوش های باستان شناسی محوطه اشکانی نیسک آباد سردشت
مرضیه عباس زاده غلام شیرزاده -
Open Access Article
73 - گونه شناسی سفالهای دوره ایلام قدیم محوطه کنی جونی جنوبی کوهدشت
فرشید حیدری کمال الدین نیکنامی بهمن فیروزمندی شیره جین -
Open Access Article
74 - Archaeological survey of Qaraqiya castle and Parthian fortifications on the border of Zanjan communication pass
Ali NorollahiQaraghieh Castle is located on the heights of low Hill, the southern border of Zanjan Corridor and southeast of Zanjan City, and has a perfect view of it. In prehistoric and historical periods, this corridor has been the main route of communication between the northwest MoreQaraghieh Castle is located on the heights of low Hill, the southern border of Zanjan Corridor and southeast of Zanjan City, and has a perfect view of it. In prehistoric and historical periods, this corridor has been the main route of communication between the northwest and the central and eastern regions of Iran and inverce. The existence of numerous castles in the heights of the border of this corridor shows its importance in commercial and cultural communication in this period. This castle, which is made of local materials, was created in the middle and late Parthian period with other castles in a continuous and coherent network on the heights overlooking the passage. In addition to providing security for trade and commerce, they have acted as a barrier against invasion to the interior areas when necessary. Probably, considering the political and military situation of this region and neighboring regions in the second half of the middle and late Parthian period, these castles had a strategic aspect and were built at the same time and in coordination with each other to deal with immediate and possible threats. The castles, which are made with affordable materials, are reflected. Along with the few architectural works that remained from the ruins of the stone and mud foundations of the castle, some pottery was also collected. These pottery include Clinky pottery, ordinary pottery, red and glazed pottery. The investigation and study of these pottery are technically comparable to the pottery of the North-East, North and Central regions as well as the West and North-West regions and are a reflection of the characteristics of the pottery of these regions. This issue comes from the fact that this area is the link between these areas and these pottery traditions that are popular in the aforementioned areas have met in this area and had a mutual effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Field study of the ancient sites in Chalous and Kelardasht area of Mazandaran
Atefeh Rasouli Meysam Miri AhoodashtiAncient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has bee MoreAncient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has been the residence of human groups due to its suitable climatic and environmental conditions. The Chalous, which is the area under discussion in this study, is one of the old cities of Mazandaran, located in the middle plain of the Caspian Sea coast. This city has a long history, and its name in the distant past was Chalous, which there were two towns around it called Kabireh and Kacheh. This study aims to introduce and discover ancient sites in Chalous, study pottery found from these sites, and date them. In this research, using field survey and objective observation, the ancient sites in Chalous have been discovered and studied the pottery of these sites. This research has identified five ancient sites, including Khaneh Sar, Komerlat, Kotahkashak, Kolomeh, and Ghleh Sangi. The pottery collected from the surface of these sites used carefully studied, and their Age determined. The results of this study show that most of the ancient sites located in Marzanabad and Kelardasht, and based on the pottery discovered from them, most of the sites belong to the Iron Age III and historical periods, especially the Parthian and Sassanid periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Studying and assessing the origin and structure of Parthian (Clinky) wares in Kordestan province and performing comparative experiments with clay samples taken from Hashemiz village
Hassam alddin Shahidi Hamedani Aliasghar Mirfattah Babak ZhalehTaking into account the appropriate conditions and geographical distribution in Kurdistan province, twenty pieces of Clinky pottery were selected by survey method and also by referring to the pottery bank of the cities of this province. Clay samples were also collected MoreTaking into account the appropriate conditions and geographical distribution in Kurdistan province, twenty pieces of Clinky pottery were selected by survey method and also by referring to the pottery bank of the cities of this province. Clay samples were also collected from Hashemiz village of Kurdistan province for testing and elemental analysis, with the aim of obtaining production technology and identifying the origin of this type of pottery. Experiments included X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. With the exception of one sample, the analyzes obtained represented a homogeneous chemical and mineralogical group. The observed mineralogical phases were quartz, mica (biotite), potassium feldspar (microcline) and plagioclase (albite and oligocles). From the study of XRD experiments, two samples of native clay of this region, the presence of quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar and plagioclase were observed. The presence of a heat sink in differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG) in the control sample and its absence in the sample curve of the pottery showed that the firing temperature of the pottery was higher than 550-600 ° C; This temperature is the stage of transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite. Baking experiments at temperatures between 400-1200 ° C in the reduction medium showed that the mica mineral disappears at temperatures above 900 ° C. Therefore, the firing temperature of pottery should be between 600-900 degrees Celsius. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - طبقه بندی سفال های محوطه اورارتویی قلعه بسطام آذربایجان غربی
مرضیه عباس زاده بیتا سودایی روح الله یوسفی زشک -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparison of the effect of fuxim and mactomil poisons on Ripicephalus mite with the pocket larva test method
Saidi Hashemi Forogh Kajbaf Farzanh Babahamadi Zahra SadeghiTicks are one of the most important obligate and external blood-feeding parasites of terrestrial vertebrates. This terminus can harm its host by sucking blood and transmits many pathogenic organisms that cause animal and human diseases. To carry out this study, 434 tick MoreTicks are one of the most important obligate and external blood-feeding parasites of terrestrial vertebrates. This terminus can harm its host by sucking blood and transmits many pathogenic organisms that cause animal and human diseases. To carry out this study, 434 ticks were collected from 2360 sheep and 123 cows from villages around Durood city. The samples were taken to the laboratory for testing. Because the purpose of the investigation was the cephalus tick, we grouped this tick into 4 groups including male and female groups with different weights. We prepared different dilutions of fuxim and cypermethrin with normal water and exposed each group to these toxins by flotation method. The effect of poison on the larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mite was investigated by the method of preparing a filter bag .Rhipicephalus female tick showed more resistance to cypermethrin poison, therefore, excessive consumption of poisons should be prevented and on the other hand, poisons should be used in combination to prevent tick resistance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - -
Musa abedini -
Open Access Article
80 - The effect of natural Astaxanthin on the prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
Parisa Kerishchi Khiabani Sayeh BidaranPhaffia rhodozyma contains the carotenoid astaxanthin, which has strong antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the Effects of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on multiple sclerosis (MS) model of mice were investigated.Mice MorePhaffia rhodozyma contains the carotenoid astaxanthin, which has strong antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the Effects of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on multiple sclerosis (MS) model of mice were investigated.Mice model of MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was developed using MOG35-55 peptide in female C57BL/6 mice.Four groups were considered for this study: normal control group mice, EAE group, prevention group mice that received astaxanthin a week before immunization and treatment group that received astaxanthin after immunization at the time of first sign of EAE. Each group consisted of 7 mice. Astaxanthin consumption up to 35 days after immunization continued. Each day 400 mg of Phaffia rhodozyma astaxanthin was consumed in this way, the daily consumption pellet was mixed with this amount of astaxanthin. Daily clinical signs and mean body weight were monitored then proliferation was measured by MTT assay; IL23 level (proinflammatory cytokines) and IL4 level (anti-inflammatory cytokine) were measured by ELISA. Observations showed that the mean disease severity in all experimental groups was significantly reduced compared to the EAE group and the mean body weight in the experimental groups had a significant increase compared to the EAE group (P<0.001). Also, Astaxanthin administration significantly reduced the level of inflammatory cytokine, IL23 and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL4 in both experimental groups (P<0.001). The results of MTT test also show a decrease in Proliferation index (The rate of proliferation of immune cells) in both prevention and treatment groups. P<0.001 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - An investigation on the effects of Methanol extract of saffron on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice
Shamila Eslambolchi Mohammad-Hossein Sanati Kamahldin HaghbinExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system and commonly used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple sclerosis is a disabling neurodegenerative disease in human being. Inflammatio MoreExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system and commonly used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple sclerosis is a disabling neurodegenerative disease in human being. Inflammation is a key event in both EAE and MS, which leads to demyelination and subsequent disability. It is shown that Crocus sativus L. stigma (saffron) extracts have anti-inflammatory activity in rats and mice. There are modern pharmacological evidences for anti-tumour, chemopreventive and genoprotective effects as well as radical scavenger properties of saffron extracts or its constituents. We observed that both therapeutic doses of dexamethasone and methanol extracts of saffron stigma at 100 mg/kg and more prevented EAE from progression significantly in pMOG-immunized female C57BL/6 mice. Aqueous maceration extract of Crocus sativus L. did not prevent EAE progression. These results suggest that saffron may attenuate symptoms of EAE by its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Mythological Analysis of the Story of Bahram & Azadeh Based on Northrope Frye’s Theory of Mythos of Fall; The Case of Study: Enameled Ceramics of Ilkhanid Period
yaqub talebi Bahman namvar motlaghOne of the main approaches in contemporary literary criticism is the archetypal approach. Northrop Frye, The foremost theorist of archetypal criticism, argues that the mythological archetypes appear in a variety of literary texts and the corresponding genres for the fou MoreOne of the main approaches in contemporary literary criticism is the archetypal approach. Northrop Frye, The foremost theorist of archetypal criticism, argues that the mythological archetypes appear in a variety of literary texts and the corresponding genres for the four seasons are as follows: The mythos of spring: comedy; The mythos of summer: romance; The mythos of fall: tragedy; The mythos of winter: irony. Frye believes the tragedy focuses on a single hero who passes through the six phases - from innocence to falling - in his/her life and finally calm prevails in the atmosphere. The present article, by a descriptive and analytical approach, attempts to study the motifs of enameled ceramics of Ilkhanid period based on Northrope Frye’s theory of archetypal criticism. These motifs depict scenes from the story of Bahram & Azadeh (as narrated in Shāhnāmeh). The results show that the visual narrative of the story is based on the form of the mythos of fall and the genre of tragedy and convey a special political and social message to its audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - بکارگیری شبکههای عصبی Fuzzy ARTMAP برای تشخیص صعود ناگهانی سیگنالهای EEG با استفاده از استخراج ویژگی توسط موجک
فاطمه صفری علی فرخی نعمت طالبی این مقاله در پی معرفی دو سیستم کلاسبندی مبتنی بر شبکههای عصبی Fuzzy Artmap برای تشخیص اتوماتیک حدودهای ناگهانی در امواج الکترد آلفا نوگرافی (EEG) 19 کانال اشخاص میباشد. این الگوریتم سریع و نتایح قابل قبولی عرضه مینمایند. سیگنالهای EEG به چهار زیر باند با استف More این مقاله در پی معرفی دو سیستم کلاسبندی مبتنی بر شبکههای عصبی Fuzzy Artmap برای تشخیص اتوماتیک حدودهای ناگهانی در امواج الکترد آلفا نوگرافی (EEG) 19 کانال اشخاص میباشد. این الگوریتم سریع و نتایح قابل قبولی عرضه مینمایند. سیگنالهای EEG به چهار زیر باند با استفاده از تبدیل ویولت گسسته تقسیم بندی شدهاند. وروردیهای شبکه شامل دو ویژگی متفاوت هستند که از زیرباندهای 3 و 4 استخراج میشوند. عملکرد این کلاسبندی کنندهها در این مقاله معرفی شده و باهم و دیگر سیستمها مشابه مطابق با مقادیر حساسیت، ویژگی و انتخاب پذیری مقایسه گشتهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - تاثیر آموزش هنرهای تجسمی و حرکات ریتمیک بر کاهش نشانگان اختلال هماهنگی رشدی
فائقه فتاح مهناز استکی حسن عشایری -
Open Access Article
85 - بررسی فون کنههای سخت گاو در شهر مراغه، ایران
سهراب رسولی امید محمدپور سید محمد راه چمنیهدف از مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی گسترش آلودگی گاوهای شهرستان مراغه به گونه­های مختلف کنه­های سخت از نظر کمی و همچنین شناسایی تنوع گونه­ای کنه­های یافت شده می­باشد. . در این مطالعه که از ابتدای پائیز 1394 تا انتهای تابستان 1395 انجام شده است از کل گاوهای م Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی گسترش آلودگی گاوهای شهرستان مراغه به گونه­های مختلف کنه­های سخت از نظر کمی و همچنین شناسایی تنوع گونه­ای کنه­های یافت شده می­باشد. . در این مطالعه که از ابتدای پائیز 1394 تا انتهای تابستان 1395 انجام شده است از کل گاوهای مورد بررسی در شهرستان مراغه، 328 کنه جمع­آوری و شناسایی گردید که شامل 4 جنس و 8 گونه بود. هیالوما آناتولیکم آناتولیکم با فراوانی 151 (46.06 درصد) بعنوان بیشترین عامل آلودگی و رپی سفالوس تورانیکوس با فراوانی 2 (0.61 درصد) بعنوان کمترین عامل آلودگی شناسایی شدند در حالی که بعد از هیالوما آناتولیکم آناتولیکم، رپی سفالوس بورسا با فراوانی 58 (17.58 درصد)، هیالوما آناتولیکم اکسکاواتوم با فراوانی 41 (12.50 درصد)، رپی سفالوس سانگوینوس با فراوانی 38 (11.59 درصد)، هیالوما دتریتوم با فراوانی 32 (9.76 درصد) و هر یک از درماسنتور مارژیناتوس و بوآفیلوس آنوالتوس با فراوانی 3 (0.91 درصد) به ترتیب بالاترین آلودگی بودند. در تحقیق حاضر، از لحاظ شیوع فصلی آلودگی به کنه سخت، در بهار 168 کنه، در تابستان 89 کنه و در پاییز و زمستان به ترتیب 45 و 26 کنه یافته شد و بیشترین میزان آلودگی در گاوها در فصل بهار و کمترین میزان آلودگی در فصل زمستان مشاهده شد. بیشترین پراکندگی کنه در کشاله ران و کمترین پراکندگی کنه در روی بیضه ­ها مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Myeloencephalopathy caused by equine herpesvirus type 1 - a case report
Reza Soleymani Dehkordi Ehsan Ahmadi ArdakaniHerpes virus infections are prevalent in the monocotyledonous population in most parts of the world, and among them, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the most important cause of economic losses in the horse supplies. Two cases of horses suspected of myeloencephalopa MoreHerpes virus infections are prevalent in the monocotyledonous population in most parts of the world, and among them, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the most important cause of economic losses in the horse supplies. Two cases of horses suspected of myeloencephalopathy with symptoms of ataxia and paralysis of the hind limbs, respiratory symptoms and herpes virus lesions on the vagina were reported in one of the horse supplies of Shahrekord-Chaharmahal Bakhtiari. Blood samples were taken from infected horses to identify herpes virus type 1 in the samples, PCR method was used. Samples extracted bufly-coat were used for inoculation in allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs and RBK cell culture. After injecting the prepared samples into the embryonated egg and cell culture, it was found that the virus is able to grow in the egg embryo and causes the death of the embryo. When the brain tissue was examined macroscopically, the protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid was higher than normal. The grooves in the brain were also softened. Finally, the present study confirms the presence of equine herpes virus type 1, which is one of the main causes of myeloencephalopathy in horses in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - An investigation into the effect of Morus nigra L. leaf extract on Parkinson’s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers in male rats
فریبرز Moayer آریا Badiei A.R SHaghayegh فرهاد Mosa khani Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson More Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson,s disease progression.angiotensin II activates NADPH depending oxidases and produce superoxides formation.morus nigar L.extract shows good angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effects,in vitro.the aim of this study is to study the antioxidant effects of morus nigar L.leaf extract on parkinson,s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers.48 male rats divided randomly into four groups(n=12 each):1) sham,(2) toxin, (3) captopril, (4) treatment.rate in sham group were used as normal controls.rats in toxin group were injected with 6-OHDA. captopril group were injected i.p. with captopril (5mg/kg) daily 6 days before and 4 &24 hrs after the injection of 6-OHDA and treatment group were injected i.p. with morus nigra L.(10mg/kg) extract daily 6 days before the injection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra and 4 &24 hrs after it.muscle stiffness,rotation test and histological test were assessed in 6 rats of any groups after 2 weeks.protein oxidation,lipid peroxidation and ACE activity were assessed in brain in 6 rats of any groups 24 hrs,after the 6-OHDA injection.the results suggested that the use of aqueous extract of morus nigra can be useful in reduction of parkinson,s disease symptoms and reduce oxidative stress markers and dopaminergic neuronal death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training on QEEG Baseline and Sustained Attention in Children with ADHD
Mohammad Mehdi Hasanshahi Farideh YousefiStudies in various areas have emphasized the neuropsychological basis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training (NFT) on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) baseline and sustained attentio MoreStudies in various areas have emphasized the neuropsychological basis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training (NFT) on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) baseline and sustained attention in children with ADHD. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 30 ADHD children selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups, namely a Neurofeedback Group and a Sham-controlled Neurofeedback Group (Placebo conditions). The Neurofeedback Group received 30 training sessions for 15 weeks (two sessions per week). The groups were evaluated before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention in terms of the q-EEG baseline and continuous performance. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the Neurofeedback Training Group had a significant improvement in terms of the q-EEG baseline and continuous performance compared to the control group, and these improvements were maintained later. In the Neurofeedback Training Group, the theta wave activity and the theta/beta ratio (TBR) decreased in the posttest scores, and the beta wave activity and the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) increased significantly in the posttest scores compared to the pre-test ones. In addition, the reaction time, omission error and commission error of the children were significantly lower in the Neurofeedback Training Group in the posttest and follow-up test compared to those of the Sham-controlled Neurofeedback Group. Neurofeedback training seems to improve abnormal q-EEG and is effective in improving the sustained attention of children with ADHD. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024