Subject Areas :

اکبر کریمی ¹ ( گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران )

Received: 2018-03-14 Accepted : 2018-10-12 Published : 2018-10-23

Keywords:

References:

- حاج زاده، م. ر ، رخشنده، ح.، اسماعیل زاده، م.، قربانی، ا. 1383. بررسی اثرات ضد دردی و ضد التهابی عصاره های آبی و الکلی گیاه خرفه در موش های سفید کوچک و بزرگ. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سمنان، جلد5 شماره 3و 4 ص113-120.

2.Abbas, A., Lichtman, AH. (2003). Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders,. p. 422.

3.Agha-Hosseini, F., Borhan-Mojabi, K., Monsef-Esfahani, HR., Mirzaii-Dizgaah, I., Etemad-Moghadam, S., Karagah, A. (2010). Efficacy of purslane in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Phytother Res. Phytotherapy Research, 24(2); 240-4.

4.Alam, MA., Juraimi, AS., Rafii, MY., Abdul Hamid, A., Aslani, F., Hasan, MM., et al. (2014). Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane(Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions. Biomed Res Int, p. 1-10.

5.Beekoman, Js., Koppend, WH. (1996). Nitric oxide super oxide and peroxynitrite: the good and bad. Am J Physical, 271; 1424-1432.

6.Bielekava, B., Martin, R. (20045). Development of biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 127; 1463-1478.

7.Bjartmar, C. (2003). Axonal loss in the pathology of MS: consequences for derstanding the progressive phase of the disease. J. Neurol. Sci, 206; 165–171

8.Chan, K., Islam, MW., Kamil, M., Radhakrishnan, R., Zakaria, MN., Habibullah, M. (2000). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleraceae L. subsp. satixa (Haw) celak. J Ethno pharmacol, 73(3); 445-51.

9.Chowdhary, CV., Meruva, A., Naresh, K., Elumalai, RKR. (). A review on phytochemical and pharmacological profile of

Portulaca oleracea Linn. (Purslane). Int J Res Ayur Pharm, 4(1); 34-7.

10.Guiz, Fx., Uribesalgo, I., Coma, M., Munoz, Fj. (2005). The physiology and pathophysiology of nitric oxide in brain. Progress in Neurobial, 76;126-152

11.Guo, L., Li, Y., Lin, H., Ji, X., Li, J., Que, L. (2004). Evaluation of a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with human MBP as antigen. Cell MolImmunol , 1(5); 387-91 .-

12.Ji, AL., Liu, ZH., Chen, WW., Huang, WJ. (2016). The clinical significance of level changes of hs-CRP, IL-10 and TNF for patients with MS during active and relieving period. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 20(20); 4274-4276.

13.Jurewicz, A., Biddison, WE., Antel, JP. (1998). MHC class I-restricted lysis of human oligodendrocytes by myelin basic protein peptide-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. J Immunol, 160; 3056-3059.

14.Kamal Uddin, Md., Abdul Shukor, J., Eaqub, A. Md., MohdRazi, I. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant properties and mineral composition of purslane( Portulaca oleracea) at different growth stages. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13; 10257-10267.

15.Kelly, GE., Husband, AJ. (2003). Flavonoid compounds in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Methods Mol Med, (81); 377-94.

16.King, E.J. (1965). In : "Practical Clinical Enzymology." ,ed. By Van D. Nostrand Company Ltd.,.London, pp; 83-93

17.Miller, JW. (2006). Vitamin B12 deficiency, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and epidermal growth factor: a novel function for vitamin B12? Nutr Rev, 60(5 Pt 1); 142-4.

18.Moshage, E. (1997). Nitric oxide determination: much A ado about Nothing? Clin.Chem, 43; 553-556

19.Noseworthy, J.H. (2003). Multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med, 43; 938–952

20.Okafor, IA., Ayalokunrin, MB., Orachu, LA. (2014). A review on Portulaca oleracea(purslane) plant-Its nature and biomedical benefits. Int J Biomed Res, 5(2); 75-80.

21.Omidi, Ha., Omidi, He., NaghdiBadi, H. (2008). The Effect of Pistacia atlantica nut powder on liver phosphatidate phosphor hydrolase and serum lipid profile in rat. J Med Plants, 7(26);70-8. [Full Text in Persian]

22.Parvin, N., Farzane Dehkordi, S., Goudarzi, I., Nikfarjam, M., Rafieian, M. (2013). Effects of Portulaca oleracea L (purslane) on Psychological symptoms of chronic schizophrenic patients in Sina hospital. J MazandaranUniv Med Sci, 22(97);1-10.

23.Racke, MK., Critchfield, JM., Quigley, L., Cannella, B., Raine, CS., McFarland, HF., et al. (1996). Intravenous antigen administration as a therapy for autoimmune demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol, 39(1); 46-56.

24.Radhakrishnan, R., Zakaria, MN., Islam, MW., Chen, HB., Kamil, M., Chan, K. (2001). Neuropharmacological actions of Portulaca oleracea LV. Sativa (Hawk). J Ethnopharmacol, 76(2);171-6.

25.Rafiee Vardanjani, L., Parvin, N., FarzaneDehkordi, S., Shahinfard, N., Morte, S., Ansari Samani, R. (2013). The effects of Portulaca oleracea L(purslane) on psychologic symptoms and malondialdehyde level in schizophrenic patients. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, 18 (4):28-34.

26.RashaHamed, M., LamiaaBarakat, AA. (2011). The antiatherogenic, renal protective and immunomodulatory effects of purslane on hypercholesteromic rats. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(9); 351-357.

27.Segal, B.M. (2008). Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol, 7; 796–804

28.Schnider, C., Shuetz, G., Zollner, TM. (2009). Acute neuro inflammation in Lewis rats – A model for acute multiple sclerosis relapses. J. Neuroimmunol, 213; 84–90.

29.Sultana, A., Rahman, K. (2013). Portulaca oleracea L: A Global panacea with ethnomedicinal and pharmacological potential. Int J Pharm PharmSci, 5(2); 33-9.

30.Sharief, MK., Hentges, R. (1991). Association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. N Engl. J Med, 325(7); 467-72.

31.Tafreshi, AP., Mostafavi, H., Zeynali, B. (2005). Induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in C57/BL6 Mice: an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol, 4(3); 113-7.

32.Xia, DS., Deng, DJ., Wang, SL. (2003). Destruction of parotid glands affects nitrate and nitrite metabolism. J. Dental Res, 82;101–105.

33.Zarei, A., Changizi Ashtiyani, S., Taheri, S. (2014). The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea on the concentration of hepatic enzymes on Rats. Iran South Med J, 17(5); 889-99.