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Open Access Article
1 - Impact of Initial Hydration of Bentonite on Its Plasticity Properties Change in Interaction with Organic Contaminant
Vahidreza Ouhadi Zeinab Aghaei Kambiz BehniaBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguishe MoreBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguished impact on the behaviour of clayey soils. In spite of several researches, which have been performed on the process of clay and organic contaminant interaction, there are few researches on the influence of dielectric constant of organic contaminant and initial hydration of bentonite on the geotechnical and geo-environmental properties of organic contaminated bentonite. Such a process is very common in many industrial and waste disposal projects. Methods: This research was performed on sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed to two different organic materials (Ethanol and Acetic Acid) which have different dielectric constant. Furthermore, two different pre-hydration and post-hydration conditions were studied in this research. After achieving equilibrium condition, the influence of initial hydration and change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid upon interaction of organic material and bentonite was investigated. The investigation focuses attention on the plasticity properties of bentonite by the use of Atterberg limit tests. Findings: The achieved results indicate that in Casagrande's plasticity chart, two pre-hydrated sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed further to ethanol and acetic acid are classified as CH and shifted from CH to MH, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid and different hydration conditions cause a change on the thickness of the double layer of clay fraction of the soil. This causes a noticeable change on the structure and behaviour of clay fraction of the soil sample. This variation on bentonite behaviour has been discussed based on the current available theory of double layer. Furthermore, the theoretical limitation for interpretation of results has been addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Novel Application of Combined Biological and Physical Method for Nitrate and Nitrite Removal from Water
Shabnam Shahveh Mehdi Sedighi Majid MohammadiBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations MoreBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations of nitrate by combining biological and physical methods a pilot was designed and tested. It should be noted that industrialization, cheap and availability of used materials in this pilot are benefits of this pilot. Method: The pilot was designed in the form of a cube with four drawers and a glass chamber at one end. The pilot drawers were filled with sawdust, wastewater (wastewater treatment plant in Islamic Azad University, Tehran) of treatment plant, including the best strain, handmade nitrate solution, the bentonite and twice washed sand. The experiments showed that the designed pilot in addition to the elimination of nitrate also removes the nitrite of the medium. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite was analysed by HACH/DR5000 spectophotometer. Findings: In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency of the input of sample water in 20 minutes retention time were measured 74.84% and 99.8% respectively. Additionally, in the case of the pilot performance in the continuous system and using the strains taken from the sludge of the treatment plant wastewater before the aeration phase and the yeast, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency in 20 minutes retention time were measured 72.63% and 56.33% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: During the experiments, the designed pilot had a promising role in the nitrate and nitrite removal. In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the maximum amount of nitrite and nitrate ions were removed. It should be noted that through the pilot performance in all cases, pH and temperature had an increasing and decreasing trend respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of Impact of Carbonate Content, Cation Exchange Capacity and Specific Surface Area in the Retention of Heavy Metal Contaminant by Bentonite, Kaolinite, and Nano-Clay
Mohammad Amiri Vahid Reza OuhadiBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in hea MoreBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in heavy metal retention process is not clearly known. Accordingly, this experimental study attempts to examine the role of each of these factors on the heavy metal retention process. This study has been performed by the use of bentonite clay sample (which has 8% natural carbonate, significantly large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), kaolinite (which has 4% natural carbonate, small specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®Na+ (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®30B (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and small cation exchange capacity), and laboratory sample of nano-clay called SLB (Surface Layer Bentonite) (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity). Materials and methods: In this regard, by conducting a series of geotechnical and geo-environmental experiments, the interaction process of kaolinite clay samples, bentonite, industrial Cloisite®Na+, industrial Cloisite®30B, and laboratory nano-clay SLB with heavy metal contaminants of lead and copper were experimentally explored and studied. Results and discussions: The analysis of experimental studies including soil buffering capacity, X-ray diffraction test and the measurement of heavy metal retention by soil samples indicate that in comparing of carbonate content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area of soil samples the significant role of each parameter in heavy metal retention is as follows, respectively: Carbonate > Cation exchange capacity (CEC) > Specific surface area (SSA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Titanium /Bentonite Composite for Sonophotocatalytic decolorization of Methyl Orange dye
mahran yosofi Mohammad GhorbanpourBackground and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This MoreBackground and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Titanium /Bentonite Composite for Sono-photocatalytic de-colorization of Methyl Orange dye. Methods: In this study, bentonite was used as the substrate to stabilize titanium dioxide photo-catalyst and the optimum amount of stabilized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/ bentonite composite which was evaluated for sono-photocatalytic removal of methyl orange dye. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic process performance in dye removal included the effect of pH, methyl orange concentrations and nanocomposite doses. Findings: Structural properties of bentonite/titanium Dioxide composites and pure titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the possibility of reuse of photo-catalyst was investigated in three periods. Based on SEM results, reducing the amount of titanium dioxide reduced the number of nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. XRD and DRS analyses showed successful composite formation. The optimum amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/bentonite composite was obtained for sono-photocatalytic dye removal of methyl orange with the titanium dioxide powder to bentonite ratio of 1: 2.5 in the primary mixture. Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that increasing the amount of photo-catalyst in the reaction medium increased the speed and efficiency of the dye removal but its excessive increase had a negative effect on the reaction. The best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposite at pH 4. According to the results, the increase in concentration increased dye removal time. Finally, the sono-photocatalytic composite efficiency was acceptable after three times of reuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties of Bentonite/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites Doped with Silver
mahsa Madadi Mohammad GhorbanpourBackground and Objective: One of the main applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is killing the microorganisms spatially in drinking water and wastewater treatment. Method: Pure bentonite/Titanium Dioxide nanocomposites and doped with 3, 5 and 10% w/w sil MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is killing the microorganisms spatially in drinking water and wastewater treatment. Method: Pure bentonite/Titanium Dioxide nanocomposites and doped with 3, 5 and 10% w/w silver were prepared by molten salt method. In this study, the antibacterial activity of silver doped titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposites was studied against two important microorganisms in food industry i.e. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureusunder visible or UV radiation. The photocatalytic activity of these composites against methyl orange was also investigated. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Vis diffusive reflectance spectrometer (UV-Vis DRS). Findings: The scanning electron microscope was showed, that agglomeration of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. The XRD pattern revealed that all of the samples have only an anatase phase with crystalline size less than 50 nm. According to EDX analysis, the silver ions successfully doped to the TiO2 nanoparticles. According to UV-Vis DRS results, increasing amounts of doped Ag content in the silver-doped titanium dioxide results in a higher visible absorbance capability of the materials. Parent bentonite did not show antibacterial activity. Titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposites showed very weak antibacterial activity. The results showed that the antibacterial ability was significantly improved by doping silver content comparing with pure TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites. This study also showed that Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) were more readily disinfected by the photo catalysts than a Gram-negative bacterium (E. coli). According to photocatalytic activity findings, doping of nanocomposites with 5 % silver ions showed maximum photocatalytic activity. This is attributed to the increasing visible absorption capacity due to the presence of silver ions. Discussion and Conclusion: Antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposites increases dramatically due to the addition of silver ions. This can be attributed to the release of silver ions from nanocomposites and the increase in the production of free radicals as a result of increased photocatalytic activity due to reducing the energy gap of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in nanocomposites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Titanium /Bentonite Composite for Sono Photo Catalytic De-Colorization of Methyl Orange dye
Mehran yousefi mohammad ghorbanpourBackground and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Tita MoreBackground and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Titanium /Bentonite Composite for sono photo catalytic de-colorization of Methyl Orange dye. Methods: In this study, bentonite was used as the substrate to stabilize titanium dioxide photo catalyst and the optimum amount of stabilized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/ bentonite composite was evaluated for sono photo catalytic removal of methyl orange dye. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the photo catalytic process performance in dye removal included the effect of pH, methyl orange concentrations and nanocomposite doses. Findings: Structural properties of bentonite/titanium dioxide composites and pure titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Xray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the possibility of reuse of photo catalyst was investigated in three periods. Based on SEM results, reducing the amount of titanium dioxide reduced the number of nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. XRD and DRS analyses showed successful composite formation. The optimum amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/bentonite composite was obtained for sono photo catalytic dye removal of methyl orange with the titanium dioxide powder to bentonite ratio of 1: 2.5 in the primary mixture. Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that increasing the amount of photo catalyst in the reaction medium increased the speed and efficiency of the dye removal but its excessive increase had a negative effect on the reaction. The best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposite at pH 4. According to the results, the increase in concentration increased dye removal time. Finally, the sono photo catalytic composite efficiency was acceptable after three times of reuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Extraction of trigonelline from plasma using a new magnetic composite through the application of experimental design
mahdieh Abbasi meymand maryam kazemipour mehdi ansari dogahe Mehdi shahidizandiBentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles (Ben-βCD-INP) composite was synthesized,characterized, and utilized like an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction ( MSPE) adsorbent to separate and preconcentrate trigonelline . Experiment conditions to find imp MoreBentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles (Ben-βCD-INP) composite was synthesized,characterized, and utilized like an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction ( MSPE) adsorbent to separate and preconcentrate trigonelline . Experiment conditions to find important variables of trigonelline adsorption on the Ben-βCD-INP were A: time, B: Adsorbent amount, C: pH and for desorption were A: temperature, B: concentration, C: time, and D: Volume .. The adsorbent contributes significantly in the extraction process. The INP in the nano composite makes it easy to remove the adsorbent with the help of a magnet. Scanning electron microscopy( SEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. Experimental design was used to optimize the factors affecting extraction. trigonelline in plasma samples was extracted and evaluated by a reversed-phase HPLC–UV method. The findings have shown that MSPE was able to extract trigonelline efficiently. The developed HPLC–UV procedure for the determination of trigonelline in human plasma, showed linear relation shipin the concentration interval of 0.05-10 mg/L (r = 0. 9998) with the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery (%) of 0.005, 0.018 mg/L, and 114%, respectively. The procedure was successfully used to determine the concentration of trigonelline in human plasma. This study offers a promising hybrid nano bio material adsorbent in biomedical nanotechnology to selective measurement of the drug or supplements such as trigonelline from plasma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Optimization of the use of EDTA to remove pollution Heavy metal bentonite
V.R Ouhadi A.H Omidi -
Open Access Article
9 - تاثیر کاربرد بنتونیت بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی بذور کاهو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی ناشی از پلیاتیلن گلایکول
اکرم ولیزاده قلعهبیگ سیدحسین نعمتی علی تهرانیفر حجت امامی -
Open Access Article
10 - تاثیر کاربرد بنتونیت بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی بذور کاهو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی ناشی از پلیاتیلن گلایکول
اکرم ولیزاده قلعهبیگ سیدحسین نعمتی علی تهرانیفر حجت امامی -
Open Access Article
11 - بررسی اثرات شیمیایی، میکروبی و حسی اضافه نمودن ملاس چغندرقند تصفیه شده با روش خاک بنتونیت به فرمولاسیون حلوا ارده
مهشید حسنی تبار مسعود هنرور -
Open Access Article
12 - تأثیر بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجههای خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجههای تخمیری شکمبه گوسفندان نر بلوچی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به دیازینون
م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریانبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هض Moreبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه­های تخمیری شکمبه در گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خوراک آلوده به دیازینون (آفتکش ارگانوفسفره) هدف این مطالعه بود. 8 گوسفند نر بلوچی (2±40 کیلوگرم) به یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با چهار دوره 21 روزه، اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل: جیره شاهد، جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم، جیره شاهد به همراه 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون و جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون بودند. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، NDF و ADF تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). بنتونیت سدیم نوسانات اسیدیته شکمبه را پس از مصرف خوراک کاهش داد. سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه تیمارهای مختلف قبل از خوراکدهی مشابه بود اما 3 و 6 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی به طور معنیداری در گروهی که خوراک آلوده به دیازینون مصرف کردند بیشتر بود (05/0>P). هموگلوبین، شمار سلول­های سفید و هماتوکریت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند اما شمار گلبول­های قرمز و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز به طور معنیداری در جیره­های حاوی آفتکش کاسته شد (05/0>P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سدیم بنتونیت به عنوان یک جاذب برای کاهش اثرات منفی دیازینون بر نوسانات اسیدیته و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز مؤثر است. علاوه بر این اثری بر هموگلوبین، شمار گلبول­های سفید، هماتوکریت و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی خوراک ندارد. بنابراین بنتونیت سدیم می­تواند به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر دیازینون در جیره گوسفندان استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - اثرات انواع مختلف بنتونیت (مونتموریلونیت) بر فاکتورهای فیزیولوژیک و متابولیک مرتبط با آسیت در جوجههای گوشتی
ع.ر. آقاشاهی س.ح. حسینی جنگجو ح. صادقی پناه س.ع. حسینیبه ­منظور شناخت ارتباط عوامل فیزیولوژیک و متابولیک با بروز آسیت در جوجههای گوشتی آرین و همچنین بررسی اثر ترکیبات مختلف بنتونیت بر این عوامل، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه آرین هم جنس (نر) و هم وزن در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. جوجهها در 7 روزگی بر اساس جی Moreبه ­منظور شناخت ارتباط عوامل فیزیولوژیک و متابولیک با بروز آسیت در جوجههای گوشتی آرین و همچنین بررسی اثر ترکیبات مختلف بنتونیت بر این عوامل، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه آرین هم جنس (نر) و هم وزن در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. جوجهها در 7 روزگی بر اساس جیره غذایی به 5 گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند: 1) شاهد (بدون بنتونیت)؛ 2) جیره حاوی بنتونیت سدیمی فرآوری شده با سولفات مس (1 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک)؛ 3) جیره حاوی بنتونیت سدیمی فرآوری نشده (1 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک)؛ 4) جیره حاوی بنتونیت کلسیمی فرآوری شده با سولفات مس (1 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک) و 5) جیره حاوی بنتونیت کلسیمی فرآوری نشده (1 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک). 40 قطعه جوجه در هر گروه آزمایشی به 4 تکرار 10 قطعهای تقسیم شدند. (نسبت RV/TV) به عنوان مهمترین شاخص آسیت در سن 35 روزگی در گروه تغذیه شده با بنتونیت سدیمی سولفاته کمترین (24/0) بود و نسبت به گروه شاهد (29/0) تفاوت معنی داری داشت (05/0P<). جیره دارای بنتونیت سدیمی سولفاته غلظت هورمونهای T3 و T4 سرم خون نسبت به سایر جیرهها افزایش داد (05/0P<). درصد تلفات در گروه تغذیه شده با بنتونیت سدیمی سولفاته نسبت به گروه شاهد تمایل به کاهش داشت (10/0P<). افزودن بنتونیت به جیره به ویژه از نوع سولفاته سبب کاهش شاخص آسیت و بهبود بهبود صفات مرتبط با آن شد. به طورکلی افزودن بنتونیت به جیره جوجههای گوشتی، اثرات مثبتی بر شاخصهای متابولیکی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با آسیت داشت که احتمالاً این اثرات را میتوان به جذب بهتر مواد مغذی در روده نسبت داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - اثر متقابل فورمایسین® گلد و رنگدانه روی کیفیت تخم مرغ و عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار
ح. کرمانشاهی م. پیلهور م. اعمی-ازغدیبنتونیت سدیم از طریق ایجاد باند با رنگدانه­های خوراکی سبب کاهش شاخص رنگ زرده می­شود. از آنجاییکه بنتونیت سدیم یکی از اجزاء اصلی ماده تجاری فورمایسین® گلد است، در این پژوهش تأثیر سطوح مختلف فورمایسین و رنگدانههای خوراکی بر روی کیفیت تخم مرغ، رنگ زرده تخم مرغ Moreبنتونیت سدیم از طریق ایجاد باند با رنگدانه­های خوراکی سبب کاهش شاخص رنگ زرده می­شود. از آنجاییکه بنتونیت سدیم یکی از اجزاء اصلی ماده تجاری فورمایسین® گلد است، در این پژوهش تأثیر سطوح مختلف فورمایسین و رنگدانههای خوراکی بر روی کیفیت تخم مرغ، رنگ زرده تخم مرغ و عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار در سن 26 تا 34 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 192 قطعه مرغ نژادهای لاین 36- Wبه طور تصادفی به 24 گروه با 8 قطعه در هر کدام تقسیم شدند. دو سطح رنگدانه (0 و 4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم) و سه سطح فورمایسین (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم) به روش طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمایشات فاکتوریل (2×3) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. میزان مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل تخم مرغ و میزان تولید تخم ­مرغ در پایان هفته­های 28، 30، 32 و 34 اندازه­گیری شد. ویژگی­های کیفی تخم ­مرغ شامل وزن، وزن مخصوص، شاخص رنگ زرده، درصد وزن و ضخامت پوسته هر دو هفته یکبار ثبت گردید. فورمایسین® گلد و رنگدانه تأثیری بر روی عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار در کل دوره آزمایش نداشت. وزن و ضخامت پوسته در پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم رنگدانه استفاده کرده بودند در هفته­های 29 و 30 افزایش یافت. تولید روزانه تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر هیچ یک از تیمارها قرار نگرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی حاوی فورمایسین و رنگدانه به جز در هفته­های 29 و 30 تأثیری بر روی وزن مخصوص نداشتند. صرف نظر از سطوح افزوده شده فورمایسین، شاخص رنگ زرده در پرندگان تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف رنگدانه به طور معنی ­داری بهبود پیدا کرد. به نظر می­رسد با کاهش میزان بنتونیت موجود در فورمایسین®گلد می­توان از این محصول در جیره مرغان تخمگذار بدون هیچگونه اثرات مضر بر روی عملکرد تولید، کیفیت تخم­ مرغ و رنگ زرده استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - ارزیابی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی هومورال مرغ های تخمگذار تجاری تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی کنجاله پنبه دانه و بنتونیت سدیم
A. Gilani ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ع. طهماسبی م. اعمی ازغدیهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 Moreهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره انجام شد. این آزمایش با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار 8 قطعه­ای مرغ تخمگذار هایلاین واریته 36W- از سن51 تا 63 هفتگی اجرا شد. نمونه­های خونی برای آنالیز سلول­ها و ترکیبات در انتهای دوره از سیاهرگ بال به­دست آمدند. بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها تاثیر منفی بر سلول­ها و ترکیبات خونی نداشتند. گلبول قرمز گوسفند بهعنوان آنتی­ژن برای سنجش پاسخ ایمنی استفاده شد که به دو پرنده از هر تکرار در 60 هفتگی تزریق شد. نمونه­های خونی 7 و 14 روز پس از تزریق گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند از هر مرغ گرفته شده و تیتر anti-SRBC،IgG وIgM تعیین شدند. هیچ اثر معنی­داری از بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها بر کل پادتن تولیدی بر ضد گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند مشاهده نشد، اما IgG با استفاده از میزان20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره در روز 7 پس از تزریق و با 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم در 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. میزان IgG در مورد اثرات متقابل نیز در تیمار حاوی 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. در نتیجه، ترکیبات خونی به­طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر جیره­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند، اما پاسخ ایمنی تغییر کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Preparation, identification and application of ZnO/Bentonite nanocomposite in nitrate removal from contaminated watere
رباب شاهی معصومه خاتمیان بهارک دیوبندBentonite is a clay which has high surface area and makes it a good option for the placement of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, thereby forming a nanocomposite. In the recent years, various applications of this kind of nanocomposites have been investigate MoreBentonite is a clay which has high surface area and makes it a good option for the placement of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, thereby forming a nanocomposite. In the recent years, various applications of this kind of nanocomposites have been investigated by researchers in water and wastewater treatment. Accordingly, in this research, the bentonite was powdered by ball mills and then, ZnO/Bentonite nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasound irradiation and gel degradation method with starch. The nanocomposite was identified by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques, and the efficiency of the sample was studied for removing of nitrate ions from water. The results showed that environmental factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and nitrate concentration were effective in removal percentage. Optimal removing percentage of the nitrate solution with 30 mg/l was achieved by 0.6 g of nanocomposite which could remove 70% of the nitrate from solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of water stress and absorbent materials application on yield and components yield of fall wheat
M. Farmahini M. Mirzakhani N. Sajedi Effect of water stress and absorbent substance such as animal manure, zeolite and bentonite in a field trial training - Islamic Azad University in agricultural research is conducted 2010 - 11. Tested in a split plot More Effect of water stress and absorbent substance such as animal manure, zeolite and bentonite in a field trial training - Islamic Azad University in agricultural research is conducted 2010 - 11. Tested in a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments (100%, 85% and 70%) required water treatment plant in the main,Use absorbent materials on six levels (controls, 30 tons of manureper hectare, 15 tons of manure + 4 tons zeolite per hectare, 15 tons of manure per hectare consumption of + 2 tons of bentonite, zeoliteof 4 tons per hectare consumption of+ 2 tons of bentonite per hectare and 15 tons of manure+2 tons bentonite + 4 tons of zeoliteper hectare)in sub plots on wheat type alvand. Results showed that the effect of water stress on traits such as plant height, seed weight and seed yield and harvest index of the level of a cluster was significant at five percent. The results show that the use of fertilizers a significant effect on panicle harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle and grain has. highest levels of water stress on grain yield average of 8 / 5 tons per hectare to irrigation based on plant water requirement was 100 percent and lowest average yield of 4/03 tons per acre to plant irrigation was 70% water requirement. The results show that the zeolite used with manure can increase performance. Given the multi-year drought and water restrictions that exist in the country and Zeolite and its five-year price stability can be recommended to reduce the damage caused by irrigation farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Synthesis, Identification and Application of Polyacrylamide Polystyrene/Bentonite Nanocomposite for Adsorbing of Lead and Cadmium from Contaminated Water
Amir Ebrahim Baradaran Mahdavi Ebrahim Panahpour Roozbeh Javad Kalbasi Ali GholamiDuring last decade, the construction and application of various adsorbents of heavy metals have been interested by many researchers. Nanocomposites with high surface areaandporosity can remove large amount of these contaminants from aques media. In this research, nanoco MoreDuring last decade, the construction and application of various adsorbents of heavy metals have been interested by many researchers. Nanocomposites with high surface areaandporosity can remove large amount of these contaminants from aques media. In this research, nanocomposites of polyacrylamide-polystyrene/bentonite synthesized,and identified. The effective parameters effective on adsorption Cd+2,Pb+2 cations including pH, Bentonite / Polyacrylamide ratio, adsorption rate, time contact, cationic and cationic activity of adsorption activity were illustrated. The structure of nanocomposites was carried out by TEM, BET, FT-IR and XRD methods. The rates of lead and cadmium adsorption were measured by atomic absorption. The results of microstructural investigations showed that in polyacrylamide-polystyrene/bentonite nanocomposite the interlayer distance in crystal structure and specific surface increased significantly in comparison with the modified bentonite. Also, the results approved that the highest adsorption at pH = 6, the best ratio of bentonite to polyacramide 2. 5: 5, the optimum absorbance was 5 g / l, the duration of the call was 12 hours, and the highest metal adsorption at 150 mg /l concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparison of the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on performance, immune response and Blood parameters of broiler chickens infected with aflatoxin
Seyed Saman Seif Amir Fattah mohsen MohamadisaeiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on the performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet. The experiment was conducted using 384 c MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on the performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet. The experiment was conducted using 384 chicken pieces in a completely random design and were divided into 6 experimental groups in 4 repetitions and 16 pieces in each repetition. Experimental rations include: 1- negative control treatment (rations without aflatoxin); 2- Positive control treatment (rations contaminated with 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin); 3- Healthy diet + Chlorella vulgaris extract (0.4 g/kg feed); 4- Contaminated diet + chlorella extract (0.4 g/kg of feed); 5- Healthy diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed); 6- Contaminated diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed). In this study, functional parameters, hematological and immune parameters were determined. The results of the research showed that the addition of bentonite and chlorella food supplements to the basic diet in the final period did not affect weight gain and feed consumption, but in the initial period of growth and the whole period improved weight gain and feed consumption compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the control treatment and the aflatoxin treatment in any of the experimental periods in the field of food conversion coefficient (p < 0.05). Chickens fed with 0.4 g/kg of chlorella had the best performance in terms of blood biochemical metabolites compared to other experimental treatments. Adding chlorella supplement to the food diet compared to the control diet showed a positive and significant effect on the antibody titer and the relative weight of the lymphatic organs (p < 0.05), but bentonite did not showe a significant difference with the control in the spleen, thymus, and bursa. Manuscript profile
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