List of Articles climate change

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  1 - On loess deposits of northern Iran
  مارتین Kehl M.R Sarvati Hassan Ahmadi Manfred Frechen آرمین Skowronek
  In the southern lowlands of the Caspian Sea and its vicinity, loess is found in differentgeomorphological settings along a pronounced climatic gradient. The loess depositsare often intercalated by different types of paleosols. So far, little information has beenpublishe More

  In the southern lowlands of the Caspian Sea and its vicinity, loess is found in differentgeomorphological settings along a pronounced climatic gradient. The loess depositsare often intercalated by different types of paleosols. So far, little information has beenpublished about the nature, origin and age of the loess-paleosol sequences in NorthIran.This paper describes five loess-paleosol sequences exposed in the Sefid-Rudvalley (sections at Rustamabad and at Saravan), on the northern foothills of Alborz(sections at Neka and at Now Deh) and in the loess hills of Golestan province (sectionat Agh Band). The Sefid-Rud loesses are characterised by large textural variations on alocal scale. Angular slope debris and distorted paleosols in the clayey loess deposit atthe section at Rustamabad testify displacement by slope processes, which wastriggered by climate change and/or tectonic impacts. At the section at Saravan, loess isintercalated by two brown paleosol horizons which might correlate with OIS 3.At the section at Neka, two strongly developed brown paleosols (Btk or AhBtkhorizons) are intercalated in clay-rich loess. First luminescence age estimates indicatethat the upper paleosol was formed during OIS 5a-5d. Eight light or dark brownpaleosols (Bwk and Btk horizons) are intercalated in the loess at the section at NowDeh indicating different weathering intensities most likely during the Middle andUpper Pleistocene. In the loess hills near Agh Band, 40 m thick homogenous loesscovers a brown paleosol, possibly correlating with the last interglacial soil.The loess-paleosol sequences at the sections at Neka, at Now Deh and at AghBand are excellent terrestrial archives of Quaternary climate and environment changein northern Iran Manuscript profile
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  2 - The effect of climate change on soil organic matter and biological activity
  Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser Azimzadeh
  Climate change is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and incre More

  Climate change is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Providing a Building Optimization Model to Counter the Negative Effects of Climate Change to Reduce Energy Consumption
  Arda Zarei Sina Fard Moradinia
  10.22034/jest.2021.54204.5122
  Background and Objective: Today, metropolises play a very important role in environmental pollution, increasing population is associated with increasing consumption of fossil fuels and energy resources, which increases greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The e More

  Background and Objective: Today, metropolises play a very important role in environmental pollution, increasing population is associated with increasing consumption of fossil fuels and energy resources, which increases greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The effects of increasing greenhouse gases with the occurrence of greenhouse phenomena cause climate change. Due to the high energy loss in residential buildings, The purpose of this study is to select an appropriate solution to optimize the building and reduce energy consumption in this sector. Material and Methodology: In this research, first, the annual energy consumption of a type of 8-storey residential building in Tabriz was simulated using Energy Plus software. Then, the annual energy consumption of the building was simulated with the weather conditions of two different climates of Yazd and Rasht to compare the energy consumption of the building in all 3 cities. Then, with JePlus simulation software, the energy consumption of different building modes (orientation, position, temperature, climate) was simulated in all 3 cities to study the behavior of the building in terms of energy consumption. Finally, the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of the building was selected as the target functions and optimized by JePlus + EA software. Findings: According to the variables defined in the input of JePlus software, 432 energy consumption modes were obtained for the building. And according to the selection of heating and cooling energy consumption of the building as target functions, optimization was done by JePlus + EA software. The optimization results showed that according to the same parameters considered for all three climates, building energy consumption in Rasht has decreased by 16%, Yazd by 14% and Tabriz by 12%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that if the building is built in the right direction and position according to the type of climate and weather conditions (for sunlight, temperature, humidity, etc.) and the heating and cooling temperature inside the building is set to comfort, The energy consumption of the building is also significantly reduced As a result, the share of each building in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which is the most effective gas in climate change, is reduced. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Climate Change, Human Rights and the need to Establish the International Court of the Environmet
  Azade Rastegar Ali Mashhadi
  Abstract: In recent decades the phenomenon of climate change is one of the important concerns of world community and some measures have been taken so far. Among these measures one can refer to ratification of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC More

  Abstract: In recent decades the phenomenon of climate change is one of the important concerns of world community and some measures have been taken so far. Among these measures one can refer to ratification of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in May 9.1992, Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and Paris agreement in 2014. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine the problems and damages inflicted on earth as a result of climate changes and the necessity of establishing an international court for protecting eco system. Taking into consideration the fact that most of conventions and treaties on environment are not obligatory the question raised her is "how far the International Court for Environment (ICE) can be effective and efficient in preventing damage to environment when a dispute arises between the performance of the parties to the convention and the rules governing the convention. The presumption of the article is that the establishment of this special court for environment can help to settle disputes in the field of environment in the same way the International Court of Justice could act in peaceful settlement of disputes. The methodology used in the paper is library source based study as well as taking the help of international environment law documents including United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) documents. The finding of the study shows that the establishment of International Court for Environment can play an effective role in protecting the environment in future. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Livestock Production at the Nexus of Resources Competition and Ethnoreligious Cynicism in Nigeria–Implicative Analysis on Food Security
  Akeem Sikiru
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  6 - A Simulation Study on Impact of Climate Factors on Production and Requirements of Rice in Bangladesh
  Md.AbuBakr Siddique Jun Furuya Shinataro Kobayashi M Abdus Salam
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  7 - Socio-cultural Drivers of Adaptations and Vulnerability to Climate Change: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
  Ademola Adegoroye   Tolulope Olubunmi-Ajayi Olayinka Oladosu Emmanuel Oloruntoba
  This study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Sena More

  This study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Senatorial Zones. Primary data were sourced with the aid of a survey and oral interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the vulnerability index, Ordinal logistic regression, and Heckman probit regression. The findings revealed that the socio-cultural characteristics of respondents contributed to their vulnerability to climate change, as indicated by an average livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of 0.33. Notably, factors such as water availability and adaptation practices exhibited higher vulnerability indices of 0.49 and 0.42, respectively. The overall LVI and LVI-IPCC averages were 0.35 and 0.02, respectively, highlighting the existence of vulnerability among farming households. The results of ordinal logistic regression revealed that age, marital status, education level, and income from agriculture were statistically significant factors determining the level of vulnerability to climate change in the study area. Consequently, the results of the Heckman two-step regression model revealed that age, marital status, household size, education, religion, belief, family structure, and community teamwork were the significant factors affecting the adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in the area. Policy should be geared towards improving the socio-cultural factors for sustainable livelihoods with an income diversification strategy by the government for crop farmers in order to cushion the effects of low income realized from farming activities in the area. Manuscript profile