• List of Articles Manure

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Effect of zeolite application in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower
        مجید غلامحسینی آیدین خدائی جوقان فرهاد حبیب زاده Amir Ghalavand
        In order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted More
        In order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,Iran, in the base of a randomized complete blocks design with eleven treatments and three replicates. Thetreatments were divided into different groups (chemical, organic and integrated) with and without zeolite. Theresults indicated that different treatments had significant effect on most of the traits such as kernel yield, yieldcomponents, oil yield and nutrient content in the leaves (at the 1% level). The maximum kernel yield (2539 kgha-1), as the most important trait, was found when 50% of required nitrogen was supplied from zeolite compostedcattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea). In all nutrition methods, zeolite applicationimproved the oil yield trait. The highest oil yield (1165 kg ha-1) was obtained when 50% of required nitrogenwas supplied from composted cattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea) with 9 tonsper hectare of zeolite. Overall, supplying required nitrogen from both chemical and organic sources along withzeolite application can be considered as a great step towards reducing chemical input application to achievesustainable agriculture goals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Influence of the Type and Amount of Organic Material on the Soil Aggregation Process in Different Soil Textures in Wheat and Corn Rotation
        Masoud Mirzabaki Niazali Ebrahimipak Ebrahim Pazira Saeed Samavat
        Introduction: Many researchers have investigated the role of organic matter in the soil aggregation process, but each of them has used these characteristics for a limited area. In this research, the aim was to evaluate the effects in several climates and with two differ More
        Introduction: Many researchers have investigated the role of organic matter in the soil aggregation process, but each of them has used these characteristics for a limited area. In this research, the aim was to evaluate the effects in several climates and with two different types of organic fertilizers in different soil textures and in crop rotation for two years. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of organic matter on the soil granulation process in this research in three types of soil texture and in 6 weight ranges of soil grain diameter including 75-105, 105-250, 250-500, 500-1000, 1000-2000 and 2000-4750 Micron, which has a relatively high comprehensiveness, including the smallest to the largest diameter of soil grains, was carried out under the influence of alternating years of cultivation (wheat and corn) on the weighted average of the diameter of soil grains in 11 regions of the country. Also, changes in the average weight of the diameter of the soil grains in the control state (before cultivation) and the first and second year of cultivation in wheat and corn plants were investigated. In this experiment, the effect of organic matter on the soil granulation process was investigated in 5 treatments: 10, 20 tons per hectare of animal manure, 10, 20 tons per hectare of compost and control in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Results: The results indicate the predominant accumulation of clay in the range of 250-500 (40% by weight) and 500-1000 (30%) for clay loam texture, 105-250 (25% by weight) and 250-500 (30% by weight) for loam texture. and 105-250 (40% by weight) for the texture of sandy loam before the start of cultivation, this range is due to the completely effective and positive role of clay in increasing soil granulation, improving soil structure and consequently the stability of soil pores. The increase of organic fertilizers increased the weight average diameter of soil grains and caused the formation of soil grains with sizes of 250-500 and 500-1000 microns. The results of the effect of alternative crops of wheat and corn on the weight average values of the diameter of soil grains compared to before cultivation, especially in the first year of cultivation, showed that with the increase of organic fertilizers, the formation of soil grains with a diameter of 500-1000 microns increased and the percentage of abundance of soil grains with Diameter 105-250 and 250-1000 decreased. Also, the results showed that the improvement of soil granulation with the increase of organic fertilizers was the highest in soil with sandy loam texture and the lowest in soil with clay loam texture. Also, in different treatments of animal manure and compost in none of the diameters of soil grains and in any of No significant difference was observed between tissue classes. And the results indicate that the application of different treatments of organic fertilizers has the greatest effect on sandy loam soil compared to loam and clay loam soil. Conclusion: Generally and according to the statistical results, the addition of organic matter improves the soil granulation process, and also the soil with sandy loam texture is the most effective for the increase of organic fertilizers Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The effect of irrigation regime and manure on water use efficiency and yield of potato in Jiroft
        Atefeh Afshar Ali Neshat GholamReza Afsharmanesh
        Considering the limited resources of water and dominant draughts, deficit irrigation is an important strategy to obtain the product in water shortage conditions. Deficit irrigation aims to produce more products from less water. Therefore, an experiment was con More
        Considering the limited resources of water and dominant draughts, deficit irrigation is an important strategy to obtain the product in water shortage conditions. Deficit irrigation aims to produce more products from less water. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of deficit water and poultries manure on the performance, performance components, and water use efficiency of potato in Jiroft. The experiment was conducted in strip-plot form in the complete random blocks design with three replications. Three water levels as a main factor including 100, 75 and 50 percent of plant water requirement and four manure levels as secondary factor including 0, 5, 10 and 15 Ton ha-1 were considered. The results indicated that different levels of irrigation and poultries manure on both water use efficiency and potato yield were (1%). Also, the impact of different levels of irrigation and the poultries manure on the weight of potato tuber is significant. Moreover, the interaction of the irrigation regime and poultries manure on water use efficiency and potato yield was not significant. Furthermore, the effect of different levels of irrigation and poultries manure alone on the plant height was not significant, but their interaction was significant. Though the effect of different irrigation levels on the percentage of dried material of tuber was not significant, the impact of different levels of poultries manure, and the interaction of irrigation regime and poultry manure on tuber dry matter was significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Composting on the Removal of Antibiotics of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken Manure
        mahsa mohammadzadeh forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali Zamani
        10.22034/jest.2020.35812.4264
        Background and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resi More
        Background and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resistance of microbial populations or damage plants grown in these soils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic poultry manure composting on the amount of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics in poultry manure at two levels of high and low concentration and compare them with each other. Method: Two samples of fresh broiler chicken manure were prepared after the end of the chicken treatment with antibiotic enrofloxacin. The two samples contained two levels of high and low concentrations of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The composting of chicken manure was done using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments of 1- aerobic treatments at a low concentration,              2- aerobic treatments at high concentration 3- anaerobic treatments at low concentration 4- anaerobic treatments at a high concentration in five replicates in 75 days. Samples were prepared at specific intervals and the concentration of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was measured by HPLC method. The obtained data were fitted with the first-order kinetic equation and the half-life of the antibiotic degradation was calculated. Findings: The results showed that at the end of the period, in treatments 1 to 4, 54.2%, 64.3%, 65.3% and 69.7% of the Enrofloxacin and 41%, 57.8%, 57.8% and 61.8% Ciprofloxacin remained. The correlation coefficient (R2) obtained from the fitting of the first-order kinetic equation in treatments (from 0.71 to 0.92) showed that the data fit well with this equation. The half-life of the Enrofloxacin degradation was obtained between 96.27 and about 150.68 days. The half-life of degradation for Ciprofloxacin was also found to be between 57.28 and 117.48 days. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the process of composting reduced the concentration of antibiotics and prevented its entry into the environment. The rate and total amount of antibiotic degradation in aerobic conditions was higher than anaerobic. The rate of degradation of both antibiotics at a high initial concentration was lower than its rate of degradation at low concentrations. The rate of ciprofloxacin degradation was also higher than Enrofloxacin. The results of this study can help to create relevant laws and regulations in relevant institutions, in order to reduce the release of veterinary antibiotics into the environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Laboratory Investigation of Cow Manure and Digested Synergistic with Municipal Organic Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion Process for Efficiency Increasing
        Leila yousefi Abbas Bahri
        10.30495/jest.2021.55097.5150
        Background and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is More
        Background and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is considered.Method: Through three steps single MOSW, CM and digested mixing were treated by laboratory setup. Digested and CM mixing effect with MOSW were studied and evaluated by investigating of physical-chemistry properties, feed and digested elemental analysis, and also biogas pressure and volume measuring, AD time and biogas analysis.   Findings: Adding mixture of digested and CM with MOSW increases feed dry part and its carbon and nitrogen content. Transformation rate in MOSW co-digestion with digested and CM mixture (3rd step) compare to co-digestion of MOSW with digested (2rd step) and also conversion percent of mentioned quantities derived from 2rd step compare to single digestion of MOSW (1rd step) are increased. Biogas volume and pressure in base on feed mass unit and also biogas relative component, in 3rd step compare to 2rd and also in 2rd step compare to 1rd are increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Digested and CM mixing with MOSW not only contributes in increasing the organic part of the feed, but also collaborates in inoculation in process and increases the methane generation. Biogas volume and pressure and also methane production efficiency are increased.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Biogas Production from Chicken Waste and Sheep Manure in Laboratory Scale
        Kobra Salehi Seyed Masoom Khazraee fatemeh sadat Hosseini Farnosh Khosravani Pour Mostafazadeh
        Background and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas pr More
        Background and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas production from kitchen waste was investigated. Anaerobic digestion experiments were performed using one-liter bottles as reactor at the room temperature. The effects of the waste weathering, sheep manure, concentration of solid waste, sheep manure percentage and the time of the preparation of bacterial environment in biogas production efficiency and methane percentage in biogas was investigated. Results: Experimental results showed that kitchen wastes which are not affected by aerobic fermentation can be fermented to methane gas in anaerobic digestion. Also, the addition of sheep manure as a supplier source of anaerobic bacteria increases significantly biogas production. In this case, the mean value of biogas produced was measured about 14/65 ml/(g of dry  solid) and 16/25 ml/ (g of dry kitchen waste). In addition, it was concluded, if methanogen source is prepared during about 16-20 days, the biogas production process would be completed in about 24 hours and biogas consists mainly of methane. Discussion and conclusions: Final obtained results from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in the presence of methanogen showed that, if the concentration of methanogen bacteria is quite enough before adding to the waste and organic acids production from the first stage of digestion, produced acids are converted to biogas (methane) upon formation and produced gas is mainly methane.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Possibility replacement of peat - perlite - sand with Azolla compost in growing media (Pedilanthus tithymaloides)
        Jalal Omidi سمانه عبدالمحمدی مهدی بخشی پور میثم شیخ پور
        Abstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments an More
        Abstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments and three replications in the Advanced Greenhouse of the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Rasht. The Growing media control of this study, peat-perlite-sand, was considered 1: 1: 1 ratio, and the compost Azolla was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% volumes. The treatments consisted of: Azolla compost + 100% Peat-perlite-sand (control), Azolla compost + 75% Peat-perlite-sand, 50% Azolla compost + 50% Peat-Pearlite-Sand, 75% Azolla compost + 25% Peat-perlite-sand and 100% Azolla compost + 0% Peat-perlite-sand. In this experiment, growth indices, including number of leaves, number of buds, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root were measured. The results showed that replacing Azolla compost levels had a significant effect on leaves number, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root. Comparison of the substrate used showed that replacement of 25% Azolla compost in the Growing media had the most effect on Pedilanthus plant growth indices. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Influence Different Level of Humic Acid and Irrigation Regime on Seed Yield and Morphological Traits of Corn under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
        Kazem Banitamim Alireza Shokuhfar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Investigation of Selcote Ultra Fertilizer Different Rates on Selenium Concentration in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in order to Satisfy Selenium Requirement
        Hadi Chamheidar Masood Soltani Alvar Sajedeh Hasan Zadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Investigation Effect of Different Level of Vermicompost and Manure on Seed Yield and Its Components of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
        Ahmad Zalaghi Seyed Kivan Marashi Mani Mojaddam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Podagrica Uniforma and Nisota dilecta (Coleoptera: Chrysomalidae) Infesta-tion on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Response to Nutrient Sources
        Jacobs Adesina Kayode Ileke Raphael Adebayo
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Effect of Organic and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Wheat and Soil Fertility
        Syed Azam Shah Wisal Mohammad Syed Mahmood Shah Muhammad Shoaib Shafi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Improvement of Seed Yield, its Components and Oil Content of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by Applications of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers
        Abdollah Javanmard Fariborz Shekari
        To evaluate the effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on seed yield, its components and oil content of sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatment and 4 replications was More
        To evaluate the effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on seed yield, its components and oil content of sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatment and 4 replications was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2014 growing season. The first factor consisted of 3 levels of chemical fertilizer (C0: without using any fertilizer, C1: application of urea at the rate of 150 kg.ha-1 and C2:application of 75 kg.ha-1 urea + 50 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple) and the second factor comprised of organic manure applications (O) with 4 levels (O0: without organic fertilizer, O1:animal manure application at the rate of 40 t.ha-1, O2: poultry manure application at the rate of 30 t.ha-1 and O3: %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Results showed that the highest chlorophyll index belonged to %50 nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure treatment combinations respectively. Applications of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure treatment combination, resulted in grain yield increase by %42.02 as compared to the application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1. Maximum kernel number per head was produced by interaction effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) animal manure (40 t.ha-1). Biological yield and harvest index were increased by %22.9 and %15.98 respectively, as compared to control and application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Highest percentage of grain oil (52.45%) was obtained by applications of 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 of animal manure, as compared to the control (30.13 percent). The highest oil yield (1784.57 kg.ha-1) was also belonged combined application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure. Thus, integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers (75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure) improved both grain yield and its oil content of sunflower more than their individual applications. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - The Effect Different Irrigation Regimes and Animal Manure on Nutrient, Essential Oil and Chemical Composition on Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
        A. Ahmadian A. Ghanbari M. Gholavi B. Siahsar E. Arazmjo
        To study the effects of water stress and animal manure on nutrients concentration, essential oil percentage and its chemical components in Cuminum cyminum, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Zahak, Zabol, during 2003–2004 in a rand More
        To study the effects of water stress and animal manure on nutrients concentration, essential oil percentage and its chemical components in Cuminum cyminum, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Zahak, Zabol, during 2003–2004 in a randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with four replicates. Treatments were there irrigation (I1: two times irrigation, I2: three times irrigation and I3: four times irrigation) and two animal manure levels (F1: no manure and F2: 20 ton/ha manure). The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by gas- chromatography (GC) and GC-MS. The effect of water stress on Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P and K percentages was significant but its effect on Mn, Zn and Cu was not significant. I1F1 had maximum of Na, Ca, Mg and minimum of micro nutrients. Using of animal manure was not effected on nutrients. The effect of water stress and animal manure were significant on essential oil and its chemical compositions. I2F2 had the highest of cuminaldehyde and ρ-cymene and the lowest of β-pinene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene. Result showed that there is a correlation among the main components of cumin essential oil under water and mineral stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - The Effect Organic Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Sistan Region
        Tahmineh Mir Arab Esa Piri Abolfazl Tavassoli Mehdi Babaeiyan
        To evaluation the effect of manure, compost and vormicompost on yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum), a pot experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Zabol, Sistan, in 2013. Bio fertilizer treatments consiste More
        To evaluation the effect of manure, compost and vormicompost on yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum), a pot experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Zabol, Sistan, in 2013. Bio fertilizer treatments consisted of seven levels: F1= control (no fertilizer), F2= 20% vormicompost, F3= 40% vormicompost, F4= 20% compost, F5= 40% compost, F6= 20% manure and F7= 40% manure. Traits measured were plant high, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and yield. The results showed that the use of bio fertilizer significantly improved the quantity and quality basil characters. Treatments had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to thos of control. Thus, with the exceotion of 1000 grain weight, highest amounts were obtained for plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and essence yield by using 40% vormicompost and lowest to those of control treatment. Our results also showed that increasing vermicompost, compost and manure from 20% to 40% increased plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry matter and essence percent. Generally, the use of organic fertilizers, as compared with not using them, produced optimum quality and quantity of basil. As a whole, it can be said that using bio fertilizers may help to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Effect of Planting Date and Nutritional Treatments on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.)
        Sayed Mohammad Reza Tabatabai Hamid Madani Hossein Heidari Sharifabad Ghorban Noormohammadi Farrokh Darvish
        10.30495/jcep.2021.679978
        Use of organic fertilizers is one of the important ways to improve agricultural productions reduce the risk of environmental pollution and to achieve sustainable goals. To compare the effect of different levels of planting date, organic and chemical fertilizers on yield More
        Use of organic fertilizers is one of the important ways to improve agricultural productions reduce the risk of environmental pollution and to achieve sustainable goals. To compare the effect of different levels of planting date, organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize, a split plot experiment with eight treatments and three replications was conducted at The Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Research and Sciences Branch, at Varamin, in 2019. Treatments were two levels of planting time (timely planting and late planting) and four fertilizers levels (control, 450 kg.ha-1 urea, 25 ton.ha-1 of compost manure and 15 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost fertilizer). The results showed that all of the traits under except 1000-grain weight were affected by different treatments. Delayed sowing significantly decreased yield and yield components. In most of the traits studied, significant differences between urea, compost and vermicompost treatments were not observed. However, stem diameter, seed content of nitrogen, number of kernel per ear and 1000-seed weight were not affected by the applied fertilizer treatments. Urea and vermicompost increased leaf soluble carbohydrates by (32.9 µg.g-1 FW and 31.9 µg.g-1 FW, respectively) and biological yield by (29.7 ton.ha-1 and 28.8 ton.ha-1, respectively). Also, grain yield increased by the use of compost (6.9 ton.ha-1) and urea (7.3 ton.ha-1) treatments. According to the results of this study, compost and vermicompost fertilizer can be a good alternative to urea in production of corn in Varamin region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Effect of Fertilizers Containing Nitrogen on Yield and Mucilage of Isabgol (Plantago ovata L.) in Irrigation and Cutting off Irrigation
        Amir Toghraei Bahram Mirshekari Jahanfar Daneshian Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Mehrzad i Mohasses Mostashar
        This experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research More
        This experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research Center of Qazvin. The research was carried out by using two split plot experiments based on randomized complete block designs with three replications. The experiments were repeated for two consecutive years and finally the research results were performed by combined analysis. Main plots were normal irrigation (I1) and cutting off irrigation during seed filling stage (I2), sub plots were nitrogen containing fertilizers: vermicompost, cattle manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) with three levels, containing 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha-1 of pure nitrogen. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen containing fertilizers on mucilage yield (P≤0.01) and mucilage percentage (P≤0.05) were significant. Interactions of irrigation × nitrogen containing fertilizers on biological yield and relative water content (P≤0.05), seed yield and 1000 seed weight (P≤0.01) were also significant. According to results of this research; the highest application level of vermicompost in normal irrigation condition, showed better results for production of isabgol plant in the research area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Assessment of Changes in Weed Dry Weight and some Characteristics of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under Different Sources of Fertilizer and Intercropping
        Saeid Heydarzadeh Jalal Jalilian
        To study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Trea More
        To study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Treatments consisted of growing of cover crops (red clover, grass pea, hairy, bitter vetch) along with the safflower rows and two weed control treatments (with and without weed) as a first factor and application of organic manure (cattle manure+biofertilizer) and the different nitrogen and phosphuros fertilizer levels (100 % of recommended chemical fertilizer, 67 and 63 % of recommended N and P, 50 and 40 % of recommended N and P) as second factor. Results showed that the biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds affected by the combined treatments of cover crops and use of fertilizers. The biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds were redused by 74.78, 82.22% under vetch cover crop when 50 and 40% of recommended N and P fertilizers were used, in comparison with sole culture of safflower and use of 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers. The maximum of seed yield (3431 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (8239 kg.ha-1) of safflower obtained from using 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers and without growing cover crops. Results, as a whole, showed that at higher levels of chemical fertilizers the competitive effects of weeds on safflower were higher than lower levels of fertilizers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region
        Mohammad Mirzakhani Marjan Ghanbari Kashan Sid Amir Farid Hashemi
        In order to study the response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region, this study was carried out in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications More
        In order to study the response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region, this study was carried out in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (F1= Control, F2= 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, F3= 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, F4= 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (M1= Control, M2= 20 ton ha-1, M3= 40 ton ha-1) were assigned in plots. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the row was used. Stem height, number of boll per m2, harvest index, oil yield, weight of boll, protein yield, phosphorus percentage, nitrogen absorption amount, nitrogen superficial recovery, nitrogen physiologic efficiency, and phosphorus use efficiency were assessed. Results indicated that the interaction effects of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on the characteristics such as oil yield, weight of boll, protein yield, phosphorus percent, nitrogen absorption amount, nitrogen appear recovery, nitrogen physiologic efficiency, and phosphorus use efficiency were significant. The maximum and minimum oil yield (254.3 and 75.33 kg ha-1) were obtained with the treatment (150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 ton ha-1 of animal manure) and (no application of the chemical and animal manure),respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Effect of culture medium on growth and salt tolerance of goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.)
        Masoud Dashti Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Mostafa Shirmardi Ali Momenpour
        Goldenrain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) is a woody perennial ornamental tree, mainly used for landscape purposes. The aim of this study was investigation salt tolerance of this plant and the effect of cow manure and vermicompost on plant growth and increasing th More
        Goldenrain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) is a woody perennial ornamental tree, mainly used for landscape purposes. The aim of this study was investigation salt tolerance of this plant and the effect of cow manure and vermicompost on plant growth and increasing the salt tolerance of two-year plants. In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), three levels of organic amendments (soil, 80% v/v soil + 20% v/v vermicompost, and 80% v/v soil + 20% v/v cow manure) and three levels of salinity (1, 4, and 7 dS.m-1) with three replications per treatments in greenhouse were applied. In this experiment, media without organic amendment was were considered as control and stress duration was three months. Results showed that increasing soil salinity levels progressively decreased the number of shoots and fresh and dry weights of roots, shoots, and whole plant while it increased activity of peroxidase and sodium and chloride uptake. Vermicompost treatment increased fresh and dry weights of shoots, roots, and whole plant, peroxidase, sodium, potassium, and chloride uptake more than control and cow manure. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoots, roots, and whole plant as well as sodium potassium and chloride uptake were obtained in salinity level of 4 ds/m and under vermicompost treatment. Generally, application of vermicompost increased growth characteristics and salt tolerance of goldenrain tree better than cow manure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and pigments of coriander medicinal plant (Coriandrum sativum L.)
        Mohammed Hossein Aminifard mozhgan gholamy Hassan Bayat Farid Moradinezhad
        The effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experi More
        The effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand. The results showed that fulvic acid had significant effect on biochemical characteristics (antioxidant activity, flavonoids phenol, anthocyanin, carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), so that the highest of antioxidant activity (77.9 %) was obtained from with application of 10 kg/ ha fulvic acid and the lowest antioxidant activity (65.1 %) was observed from control treatment. Amino acid also affected the antioxidant activity, flavonoids, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content. The highest of flavonoids (8.13 mg/g) was obtained with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid. The results of interactions showed that fulvic acid and amino acid had significant effect on antioxidant activity, flavonoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, so that, the highest of anthocyanin (1.84 mg/g) were obtained by with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid and 5kg ha-1 fulvic acid and the lowest of anthocyanin (0.87 mg/g) was observed from control treatment. In general, the results indicated a positive effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on the biochemical traits of coriander. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Influence of different levels of organic fertilizers application on quantitative and biochemical traits of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand
        mahdi ghesmati Farid Moradinezhad
        Due to unawareness of production method, improper uses and too much harvested this plant (Salvia mirzayanii ) natural of southern arenas, it seems that developing plans for its production is necessary. The experiment was carried out in the field research of Jahad Agricu More
        Due to unawareness of production method, improper uses and too much harvested this plant (Salvia mirzayanii ) natural of southern arenas, it seems that developing plans for its production is necessary. The experiment was carried out in the field research of Jahad Agricultural Center of Larestan, Fars province duoring winter 2017. The effects of different organic fertilizers including sheep manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), cow manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), compost (10 and 20 ton/ha), vermicompost (20 and 40 ton/ha) and control on physicochemical and quality traits Salvia mirzayanii were investigated in a complete random block design with four replications. Early in April, all vegetative organs of plants were harvested and dry and fresh weight of plantwere measureal. Also, the amount of total antioxidant, phenol and flavnoide of leaves were determinal spectrophtometi while essential oil percentage were determined distillation method with water and by Clevenger apparatus. The results showed that highest fresh and dry weight of the plant was obtained from the treatment of 10 ton/ha of compost. The highest amount of antioxidants, phenol and flavonoid total were observed in 40 ton/ha of cow manure treatment. Among applied the treatments only 10 ton/ha vermicompost significantly increased the amount of essential oil compared to control. In general greater fresh and dry weight of plant increased by compost fertilizers. Effect of manure on phytochemicals was higher than compost, and essential oil value of plant increased only by vermicompost application Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - ترکیب شیمیایی و عملکرد اسانس دو گونه ریحان (Ocimum ciliatum L. و O. basilicum L.) تحت کودهای مختلف
        جلیل دهقانی سامانی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی فاطمه ملک پور فائزه رجب زاده
        10.30495/medherb.2021.680131
        Background & Aim: Iranian sweet basil (Ocimum ciliatum L.) and great sweet basil (O. basilicum L.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae are the most important aromatic, culinary and medicinal herbs, which widely cultivated in many countries. The areal pa More
        Background & Aim: Iranian sweet basil (Ocimum ciliatum L.) and great sweet basil (O. basilicum L.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae are the most important aromatic, culinary and medicinal herbs, which widely cultivated in many countries. The areal parts especially, stem and leaves of sweet basil before flowering are widely used to enhance the flavor of foods such as salads, pasta, tomato products, vegetables, pizza, meat, soups, marine foods, confectioneries and other products. Experimental: Phytochemical response of two basil species to different fertilizers including C (control), CM (cow manure 20 ton ha−1), CM + CF (cow manure 20 ton ha−1 + chemical fertilizers N.P.K), CM + CF (cow manure 10 ton ha−1+ chemical fertilizers N.P.K), CF (chemical fertilizers, N.P.K), and VC (vermicompost) was evaluated in a factorial experimental based RCBD at the field, Southwestern Iran. The hydro-distillated essential oils were analyzed using GC-FID and GC/MS. Results: Results indicated that interaction effects of fertilizers and basil species had significant influences on some main components such as methyl chavicol (estragole), neral, and geranial. The maximum percentage of methyl chavicol was achieved from the applied CM in green basil. The highest value for essential oil yield was observed from the applied CM + CF. Recommended applications/industries: The application of organic fertilizer can be a promising strategy in achieving sustainable production of medicinal and aromatic plants such as Iranian basil. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.)
        Sharareh Najafian Shahnaz Fathi
        10.30495/ijpp.2020.677206
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Antioxidant enzymes response to medicinal plant of Bakhtiari savory Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.affected by density and organic fertilizers in dryland farming conditions
        Ahmad Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein Lebaschi M.Reza Ardakania Hossein Heidari Sharifabad Mehdi Mirza
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.685348
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Growth of Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Tropic Snow’ in Growing Media Containing Sugarcane Bagasse and Sawdust Vermicompost
        Ali Mahboub Khomami Mohammadov Goshgar Moharam
        Vermicompost produced from sugarcane bagasse (SBV) or sawdust (S) were substituted at a range of different concentration in soilless bedding plant container medium, as a peat: vermiculite: perlite (6:3:1), to evaluate their effects on the growth of Dieffenbachia amoena More
        Vermicompost produced from sugarcane bagasse (SBV) or sawdust (S) were substituted at a range of different concentration in soilless bedding plant container medium, as a peat: vermiculite: perlite (6:3:1), to evaluate their effects on the growth of Dieffenbachia amoena in the greenhouse. Dieffenbachia amoena was grown in container medium PE: VE: P (6:3:1), in that peat substituted with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% (by volume) SBV. The control consisted of PE: VE: P (6:3:1) alone without SBV or SV. Plants were frequently treated with a nutrient solution for seven months. The greatest growth of Dieffenbachia amoena plant resulted from substitution of 60% SBV or SV instead of peat in PE: VE: P (6:3:1) potting mixtures. We concluded that vermicompost of sugarcane bagasse or sawdust was high quality substitutes for peat. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - Impactof Integrated Organic Nutrient Handlingon Fruit Yields and Quality of Strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran
        Ahmad Dadashpour Mohammad Jouki
        This study was conducted during 2008-2009 to investigate the influence of different organic nutrient combinations on yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran. The experiment comprised of five organic nutrient treatment combinations including the recommende More
        This study was conducted during 2008-2009 to investigate the influence of different organic nutrient combinations on yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran. The experiment comprised of five organic nutrient treatment combinations including the recommended dose of N, P and K through chemical fertilizer as control. Treatment N2 (manure+Azotobacter+ woodash+phosphorus solubilizing bacteria+oil cake) improvedsignificantly quality of fruit about diameter (3.11cm), length (3.95 cm), volume (20.397 cm3), weight (11.11g), total sugars (7.95%), total soluble solids (TSS) (9.01o Brix), acidity (0.857), TSS: acidity ratio) (11.12) and yields (238.95 g/plant). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - Effect of vermicompost and manure on morphological traits, yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
        Peyman Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi
        Organic fertilizers are valuable sources for improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and manure application on morphological traits, yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a field experiment was More
        Organic fertilizers are valuable sources for improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and manure application on morphological traits, yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in Urmia city in 2019. The experimental treatments included control (T1), vermicompost [5 tons (T2), 10 tons (T3), 15 tons (T4), 25 tons per hectare (T5)], cow manure [10 tons (T6), 15 tons (T7) and 20 tons per hectare (T8)]. According to the results of ANOVA, the effect of the treatments on all studied traits was significant (p≤0.01). Results showed that T5 treatment increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, biological yield, seed yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield in comparison with control 67.81, 60.91, 53.36, 42.86, 109 and 72.95%, respectively. The highest number of lateral branches per plant (15.61) belonged to the T8 treatment, which was not significantly different from the T5. The T4 treatment had the maximum (45.66) flower number per plant among the treatments and this treatment was not significantly different from the T5 treatment. Also, the highest 1000-grain weight (2.72 g) was obtained from T4 treatment, which was in a same statistical group with T5 and T8 treatments. Overall, the results indicated that the application of vermicompost and cow manure had a favorable effect on morphological traits, yield and essential oil content of basil. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        29 - Evaluation the effect of native rhizobial treatment, animal manure and urea fertilizer on the growth of alfalfa plants in Fars province
        Mohammad Javad Nowrooz Nejad Mohammad Kargar Kavoos Ayaz Pour Mehdi Kargar Sareh Raeiszadeh Jahromi
        Background and Objective: Rhizobacteria are the most important microorganisms in the soil that have major role in fixing nitrogen than other soil microorganisms. The aim of this study is using native rhizobium of Fars province calcareous soil and determination the role More
        Background and Objective: Rhizobacteria are the most important microorganisms in the soil that have major role in fixing nitrogen than other soil microorganisms. The aim of this study is using native rhizobium of Fars province calcareous soil and determination the role of urea fertilizer in giving high yield and efficiency of alfalfa. Materials and Methods: First, native rhizobium is separated from alfalfa root nodules using YAM environment containing Congo red, and then it is identified with staining, and biochemical tests. This research is performed as a randomized plan and under different nutritional conditions, including fertilizer without urea, 100mg/kg urea fertilizer, 200mg/kg urea fertilizer, 1% animal manure, 3% animal manure and also under different microbial inoculations, including without bacteria, native rhizobium and standard rhizobial strain in six repeats in open air. Results: The best growth is observed in the pots treated with local rhizobium. In comparing to urea fertilizer, the pots fertilized with 3% animal manure treatments showed a better growth. The most height plants were seen in the pots fertilized with local rhizobium treatments. The best treatment to give high yield was achieved with local rhizobial strain and 3% animal manure. The most active root nodules in nitrogen fixation were seen in the plants treated with local rhizobium. Conclusion: By comparing the native and standard rhizobial strains and according to calcareous soil of Fars province and hot and dry weather of this region, it is suggested that fertilization with local rhizobial strain and animal manure can result in high yields and nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of the plant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, chemical fertilizer, Triple superphosphate and urea in agriculturing flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.)
        laila bahari shahab madah hosaini hamed bekhrad fateme niknam
        To investigate effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, triple superphosphate and urea chemical fertilizer in agriculturing flax plant, a split plot experiment, designed on randomized complete block with three replications, was conducted at research farm of agricultur More
        To investigate effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, triple superphosphate and urea chemical fertilizer in agriculturing flax plant, a split plot experiment, designed on randomized complete block with three replications, was conducted at research farm of agriculture faculty of Valieasr University of Rafsanajn. Main plots were four combinations of fertilizers including: nitrogen+phosphorus nitrogen+phosphorus+cattle manure (NPM), nitrogen+phosphorus+cattle manure+sulphur (NPMS) and vermicompost and subplots were four flax seed genotype as Kurdistan Native, E37, L22 and L18. Results showed that NPM and NPMS decreased the height of plant. Oil yield in Kurdistan Native, L22 and L18 were equal to NP when vermicompost applied but for E37 was significantly higher. Kurdistan Native had relatively high oil yield in all four fertilizer treatment. This genotype had the lowest leaf area, plant height, biological yield, as well as the shortest growth cycle. It seems that in Kurdistan Native, relatively high partitioning of photo assimilates to economic organs is directed which leads to better regulation of source-sink relations. Since adding cattle manure or sulphur to base level of fertilizer (NP) had inhibitory effects on some vegetative and reproductive traits, it is not suggested to use this fertilizer combination in saline and sodic soils similar to this experiment situation. Reduction in soil osmotic potential or toxic effects of some minerals, e.g. Na may be the cause of these effects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        31 - Effects of organic amendments and zinc application on yield, nitrogen and zinc uptake in a rapeseed-wheat rotation
        Ruhollah Naderi Somayeh Moradnia E. Bijanzadeh
        To investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the firs More
        To investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the first year of the study, treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer, municipal waste compost, vermicompost, sheep manure, cattle manure, and control (no fertilizer) and zinc sulphate rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 and two rapeseed cultivars (Sarigol and RGS). In the second year of the study, in the same pots as the last year two durum wheat cultivars (Behrang and Yavarus) were sown. Results showed that sheep manure increased rapeseed yield more than the other fertilizers. Also, grain yield of Yavarus was higher than that of Behrang. The greatest grain yield observed in sheep manure treatment (5.71 g pot-1). The residual effect of sheep manure on wheat yield was more than the other organic amendments. All organic amendments except vermicompost increased nitrogen content in wheat grain significantly compared to control and the highest amount of zinc in wheat grain obtained in sheep manure treatment (39 mg kg -1). Results showed that the different rapeseed and wheat cultivars showed various responses to organic amendments and chemical N fertilizers and the type of cultivars should be taken into account while recommending these fertilizers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        32 - Effect of green manure and biological fertilizer on morphological characteristics, grain yield and essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L.
        Mahmoud Pouryousef Miandoab Amine Homayoni
        In order to evaluate the effects of green manure and manure on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Dracocephalum Moldavica L, were tested in a Split-plot design, a completely randomized block design with four replications at the research farm of west Azar More
        In order to evaluate the effects of green manure and manure on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Dracocephalum Moldavica L, were tested in a Split-plot design, a completely randomized block design with four replications at the research farm of west Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Center in during the years 2011-2012. Main factor consisted of four types of green manure (Secale montanum, Trifolium Pratenes, Medicago sativa and Lathyrus sativus .L) and sub factor 5 types of manure ( 0 t/ha mannure (control), 40 t/ha mannure, nitroxin+ 1/3 manure, nitroxin+ 1/2 manure and nitroxin+ 40 t/ha mannure). The results indicated, that the effect of green manure and manure with nitroxin on leaf dry weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, at the 1% level and on the thousand grain weight at the 1% level were statistically significant. The interaction of two factors showed that the highest amount of grain yield was related to the Secale montanum green manure in nitroxin+ 40t/ha mannure (2984 kg/ha) and the lowest amount of grain yield was related to Secale montanum green manure in the control of manure with nitroxin (1227/75 kg/ha). Also, maximum and minimum biological yield were obtained as affected by Medicago sativa green manure in in nitroxin+ 40t/ha mannure (17520 kg/ha) and in Secale montanum green manure in the control of manure with nitroxin (12580 kg/ha), respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - Studying the growth characters, yield and elements concentration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) affected by different manure combination
        Leyla Jahanban Ebrahim Panahpour Ali Gholami Mohammadreza Davari omid Lotfifar
        In order to study the effect of biological manure on efficiency of some manure mixtures and select the best manure combination to reach highest chickpea yield, an experiment arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Field Research of Payam More
        In order to study the effect of biological manure on efficiency of some manure mixtures and select the best manure combination to reach highest chickpea yield, an experiment arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Field Research of Payam Noor University of Arak. Treatments were different manure mixtures include: 1- No manure (Control), 2- Animal manure, 3- Vermi-compost, 4- Animal manure+ phosphorus and potassium powder, 5- Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder,6- Animal manure+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure include Iron and phosphate biological manure and rhizobium, 7- Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure. Tested characters were plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, total biomass, 100 seed weight, seed yield, and content of N, K, Ca, Mn and Fe in plant. The results showed the effect of manure type was significant on all of the tested traits. The highest seed yield and growth criteria were obtained from two triple manure mixtures. In Animal manure+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure and Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure, use of biological manure by increasing plant necessary elements, respectively, caused to 6 and 7 percent increases in seed yield compare to without biological manure treats and 32 and 33 compare with control. On the basis of result, using biological manure caused to improve elements absorb, growth and seed yield of chickpea. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - Effect of drought stress and application cow manure on yield, yield component and water use efficiency of Bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis)
        Hamid Marvi Parviz Rezvani moghaddam Mohsen Jahan mohammad Armin
        Bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the most important medicinal plant that grow in semi-arid and desert condition which have been used in traditional medicine. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress and manure application rates on yield, yield com More
        Bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the most important medicinal plant that grow in semi-arid and desert condition which have been used in traditional medicine. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress and manure application rates on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Bitter apple, a field experiment was conducted in split plot layout based on complete randomized block design with three replications in two growing seasons (2012-2014) at Sabzevar, Iran. Drought stress were three levels of evaporation from evaporation pan (50, 75 and 100 mm) which was given as main plots and four levels of cow manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t.ha-1) which was assigned as subplots. The results showed that increasing irrigation intervals reduced the number of fruits per square meter(49%), the dry weight of the single fruit(14%) and consequently reduced yield of fruits(38%) and seeds(40%). Number of seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight was not affected by drought stress. Increased amounts of manure application caused significant increase in yield and yield components (except 100 seed weight) of Bitter apple. The lowest fruit and seed yield and yield components were observed in control treatment and the highest of them were observed as a result of application of 60 t.ha-1 cow manure. Overall, the result of this experiment showed that the highest fruit and seed yield was obtained from application of 60 t.ha-1 cow manure and irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from evaporation pan produced the highest fruit yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        35 - Influence of Green Manuring From Different Cover Crops and Farm Yard Manures on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Forage Corn in Low Input Farming
        MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN ALI SOLEYMANI MEHDI KHOSHKHARAM
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer on Quantitative Characteristics of Potato
        S. H. Y MAHMOODI NEZHAD DEZFULL G. SOLTANI KAZAMI A. SAADI ALKASIR
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - Influence of Chemical Fertilizers and Animal Manure on Morphological Traits of Medicinal Plants in Northern Iran
        JABER MEHDINIYA AFRA1 EBRAHIM HABIBI AMIN FATHI AMMARA SALEEM FATEMEH GHADIMI SHIMA KHAZAINEZHAD ROGHAYEH REZAZADEH TAHMINEH DANAFAR YASAMAN KHEYRI FATEMEH NOZARI ZAHRA AVISH
        10.30486/roce.2022.707239
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Effects of nitroxin, animal manure and nitrogen fertilizer on yields quantity and quality of durum wheat (Triticum durum)
        Hadi Jasemi Hamid Reza Eisvand Mashallah Daneshvar
                In order to study of effects of non-chemical N fertilizers (Nitroxin and animal manure) as one of principal of sustainable agriculture and a chemical N fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) on quantity and quality of durum wheat (Var. More
                In order to study of effects of non-chemical N fertilizers (Nitroxin and animal manure) as one of principal of sustainable agriculture and a chemical N fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) on quantity and quality of durum wheat (Var. Yavaros79), a field research was carried out during 2009-2010 in Mehran, a city in Ilam Province of Iran. The experiment was factorial on base of CRBD with three replications. The factors including Nitroxin (0 and 2lit/ha), rotted sheep manure (0 and 30 ton/ha) and N fertilizer (0, 70% and 100% of N requirement according to soil experiment). Using of animal manure increased plant height, awn length, harvest index, grain protein and finally improved grain and biological yields. But, Nitroxin biofertilizer did not significant effect on biological and economical yield; it only increased grain protein. Application of N fertilizer (70% of N requirement) had a positive effect on grain yield and grain protein equal to using animal manure, but using over than 70% was not useful. Because of importance and beneficial roles of non-chemical fertilizer in sustainable agriculture, it is suggested that a mixture of rotted animal manure and Nitroxin be used instead of N fertilizer in production system of durum wheat.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Use of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annus) in attendance of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)
        Farzad Vojoohi Manuchehr Jamnezhad Payam Moaveni
             This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arr More
             This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arranged as factorial experiments in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahriar, Iran.  First factor was conducted in three levels consisting of: control, cow manure (10% of each pot) and jift (10% of each pot). Second factor carried out in six levels consisting of: control, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate .For all kinds of nitrogenous fertilizers (except control) level of pure nitrogen was 3ppm. The results showed that organic soil amendment had a significant effect on yield components of sunflower and the stem number and dry weight of broomrape. Cow manure decreased the dry weight of broomrape and increased dry weight of stem and capitol and seed of sunflower. Jift had decreased stem number and dry weight of broomrape and decreased the dry weight of stem and capitol and seeds of sunflower. Urea decreased the height and fresh weight of broomrape in comparison with other kinds of fertilizers.    Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - Effect of water stress and absorbent materials application on yield and components yield of fall wheat
        M. Farmahini M. Mirzakhani N. Sajedi
                Effect of water stress and absorbent substance such as animal manure, zeolite and bentonite in a field trial training - Islamic Azad University in agricultural research is conducted 2010 - 11.  Tested in a split  plot More
                Effect of water stress and absorbent substance such as animal manure, zeolite and bentonite in a field trial training - Islamic Azad University in agricultural research is conducted 2010 - 11.  Tested in a split  plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments (100%, 85% and 70%) required water treatment plant in the main,Use absorbent materials on six levels (controls, 30 tons of manureper hectare, 15 tons of manure + 4 tons zeolite per hectare, 15 tons of manure per hectare consumption of + 2 tons of bentonite, zeoliteof 4 tons per hectare consumption of+ 2 tons of bentonite per hectare and 15 tons of manure+2 tons bentonite + 4 tons of zeoliteper hectare)in sub plots on wheat type alvand. Results showed that the effect of water stress on traits such as plant height, seed weight and seed yield and harvest index of the level of a cluster was significant at five percent. The results show that the use of fertilizers a significant effect on panicle harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle and grain has. highest levels of water stress on grain yield average of 8 / 5 tons per hectare to irrigation based on plant water requirement was 100 percent and lowest average yield of 4/03 tons per acre to plant irrigation was 70% water requirement. The results show that the zeolite used with manure can increase performance. Given the multi-year drought and water restrictions that exist in the country and Zeolite and its five-year price stability can be recommended to reduce the damage caused by irrigation farmers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - The Ameliorating Effect of Poultry Manure and Its Biochar on Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation at Two Times of Cultivation
        Maryam Barati Sedigheh Safarzadeh Dariush Mowla Fereshteh Bakhtiari Amirhossein Najafian Fateh Tavakoli
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1900546.1136
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Growth and Micronutrient Uptake of Oat Plant (Avena sativa) in Oil Contaminated Soils as Affected by Poultry Manure and Biochar
        Maryam Barati Sedigheh Shirazi
        10.22034/jchr.2022.1954970.1528
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        43 - Comparison of bio-fertilizers and manure on properties of lemon balm herb farm.
        Reza Tahmasebi Omran Hormoz Falah Amoli Joseph Niknejad Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2
        In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 139 More
        In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 1393 crop year in Mahmud Abad city in the Mazandaran province .The first factor in the 3 levels of use of sheep manure at 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare and the use, or control, of the second factor at four levels of bacteria Azotobacter and B. respectively from the strains (chrococcum and pobilis), combining bacteria and consumption respectively.The results showed that the use of biological fertilizers and manure to Root length, root Weight, root volume, root dry weight, essential oil, Oil yield and Total dry weight than the control treatment and the most effective combination of sheep manure and bacteria to increase yield were studied. Sheep manure and bacteria interactions revealed that the highest elevation in the treatment of bacteria with an average consumption of 10 tons and the combination of the average 43.66 cm and the lowest average 24 cm in the treatment of non-use of sheep manure and bacteria,respectively.Using a combination of bio-fertilizer and animal treatment, leads to an increase of 55 percent compared to other control, that is total dry weight of the plant.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        44 - Application of different nitrogen (organic, chemical and integrated) nutritional systems and biofertilizer on yield components and yield of sunflower seed
        Mansour Jalilvand Jahanfar Daneshian Hadi Asadi Rahmani Mohsen Yousefi
        An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the mai More
        An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the main factor in five levels including: N1: 100% nitrogen treatment (326 kg / ha urea), N2: 80% nitrogen (260 kg / ha urea), N3: 60% nitrogen (195 kg) Urea), N4: 80% N and 20% of manure (1.3 ton / ha) and N5: 60% N and 40% of manure (2.6 ton / ha) and application of azospirillum Sub-factor titles were considered at four levels: B1: non-application of azospirillum B2: inoculation with azospirillum, B3: foliar solution of azospirillum, B4: inoculation with fungal solution of azospirillum. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and azospirillum treatments had significant effect on the studied traits. So that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen source had the highest number of grains per head. Inoculation treatment with foliar application of azospirillium had the highest number of seeds per head. The results also showed that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen and 60% urea nitrogen fertilizer and 40% manure had the highest grain yield. Foliar treatments as well as seed inoculation + azospirillum had the highest grain yield, which were in the same statistical group. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        45 - Effect of cattle manure and mycorrhiza on growth physiological indices of naked seed pumpkin in different moisture conditions
        Mohsen Yousefi Jahanfar Daneshian
        AbstractDetection of medicinal plants growth under different irrigation conditions and drought stress can be a guide to planting resistant plants in arid or low water areas. In order to evaluate the effect of manure and mycorrhizal fungi on physiological indices of grow More
        AbstractDetection of medicinal plants growth under different irrigation conditions and drought stress can be a guide to planting resistant plants in arid or low water areas. In order to evaluate the effect of manure and mycorrhizal fungi on physiological indices of growth of naked seed pumpkin seedlings (cucurbita pepo L.) in underwater stress conditions, a split factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer 2009 The research center of Faizabad, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, was conducted. Irrigation at three levels including: I1 = 60, I2 = 120 and I3 = 180 (millimeter evaporation from a class A evaporation pan) in the main plots that were applied in the pre-flowering stage and the manure factor was at three levels: 0, 15 and 30 ton/ha, along with mycorrhizal fungi in two levels (application and non-application) in subplots. The results of four sampling stages showed that application of 30 tons per hectare of manure and application of mycorrhiza in dry matter conditions increased dry matter, relative growth rate and growth rate of crop. Also, after applying stress, physiological indices decreased. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - Effect of Managed Deficit Irrigation and Different Fertilizer Levels on Yield and some Physiological Traits of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
        Hassan Fatemi Kiyan مریم تاتاری Mohammad Reza Tokalo Masomeh  Salehi Kmal  Haj Mohammadnia Ghalibaf
        The availability of organic matter in deficit irrigation conditions can be a practical solution to compensate the negative effects of drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits More
        The availability of organic matter in deficit irrigation conditions can be a practical solution to compensate the negative effects of drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits of quinoa an experiment was conducted in 2019 as split plot based on a randomized complete block design in two locations (Mashhad and Neishabour). Irrigation levels included, I0: full irrigation, I1: irrigation at emergence stage, I2: irrigation at stem elongation stage, I3: irrigation at flowering stage, I4: irrigation at seed setting stage. Fertilizer treatments included control (no fertilizer application); chemical fertilizer application according to local practices; manure application of 10 tons; and manure application of 20 tons per hectare. Seed yield and yield components, leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate were measured. The highest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 20 tons of manure and I2 treatment in Neishabour. The lowest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 10 and 20 tons of manure and I1 in Neishabour. The lowest grain yield in I1 treatment was observed in Neishabour and the highest grain yield in I0 treatment with 20 t.ha-1 manure was observed in Mashhad. Fertilizer treatments increased crop growth rate in both experimental sites, but the effect of manure on increasing crop growth rate was greater than the effect of chemical fertilizer. However, due to the high fat content of quinoa, the use of 20 tons of manure per hectare is recommended if it is purely economic. In general, I2 treatment along with the application of manure in both places had high grain yield and dry matter production. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        47 - Effcts of organic and chemical fertilizer combinations on yield, yield components, oil and protein percentages of two canola cultivars
        Elanz Ebrahimian Ahmad Bybordi
        Effects of chemical and organic fertilizers combinations on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein percentage of two canola cultivars were studied. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in More
        Effects of chemical and organic fertilizers combinations on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein percentage of two canola cultivars were studied. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Azerbaijan-e-Sharqi province of Iran in 2010. The first factor comprised seven levels of organic and chemical fertilizers and their combinations including: non cattle manure and non urea (control), 100% cattle manure (organic), 80% cattle manure and 20% urea (combined), 60% cattle manure and 40% urea (combined), 40% cattle manure and 60% urea (combined), 20% cattle manure and 80% urea (combined) and 100% urea (chemical) and the second factor was two canola cultivars (Okapi and Modena). The results showed that the highest yield, yield components, oil and protein percentages were obtained from a combination treatment, application of 20% cattle manure along with 80% urea (96 kg/ha), that was differed significantly from other chemical treatments for seed yield and number of seeds per pod. Therefore, application of this treatment could be recommended because it leading to a higher yield with lower chemical fertilizer application. Besides, variety okapi was superior to Modena based on the measured characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        48 - Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen on some soil properties and sweet corn traits (var.Gardeh Afshan 400)
        Masoumeh Shahmoradi Manouchehr Farboodi Shahram Shahrokhi
        In order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse­-­laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replic More
        In order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse­-­laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Miyaneh Branch, Islamid Azad University. Experimental factors included poultry manure at three levels (0, 20 and 30 ton.ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 from urea source). Results showed that application of poultry manure in soil increased soil pH, EC and organic carbon. Also, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll content, plant height and leaf area of sweet corn plants. Application of 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure resulted in higher values of the studied traits. However, there was no ­significant differences between 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure in most cases and so, application of 20 ton.ha-1 poultry manure was enough for achieving optimal sweet corn growth in greenhouse. According to the results, combined application of 20­ ton.ha-1 poultry manure and 100­ kg.ha-1 nitrogen from urea source could be recommended for optimum nitrogen supplying in sweet corn cropping system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        49 - Effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower in limited and full irrigation condition
        Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh
        10.22034/aej.2015.514369
        This study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shirvan branch during the growing year in 2012-2013 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower. The treatments consisted of vermicompost, urban waste compost, cow manure More
        This study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shirvan branch during the growing year in 2012-2013 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower. The treatments consisted of vermicompost, urban waste compost, cow manure and chemical fertilizer which were applied in two full and limited irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments were conducted in main plot and sub-plot, respectively. The highest seed yield in full irrigated condition obtained from chemical fertilizer, 50 t/h cow manure, 10 t/h vermicompost and 8 5 t/h urban waste compost treatments which had no significant difference with each other but in comparison with check increased seed yield up to 25.9%, 18.4%, 17.4%  and 15% , respectively. The highest seed obtained from the application of 15 t/h urban waste compost and was increased 25.7% seed yield in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, application of 5 t/h urban waste compost in full irrigation condition and 15 t/h in limited irrigation condition had desirable results and it is recommended for safflower production but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        50 - Effect of planting bed and soilless media on growth and yield of potato minitubers
        Monireh Hajiaghaei Kamrani Kazem Hashemimajd Nosratollah Najafi Hadi Hosseinniya
        The present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + More
        The present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + cow manure compost (4:3:3 v:v), perlite + soil + vermicompost (4:3:3 v:v:v), field soil and perlite + peat moss as conventional nutrient solution and planting media used in greenhouse (Control). During the growing season, the leaf area, plant height, stem basal diameter, tuber fresh and dry weight, tuber specific weight and tuber number per plant were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatments in leaf area index, plant height, tuber number per plant and stem basal diameter. Growth and production of minituber were low in soil and soil containing medium. Therefore, the productivity of local soil was not corrected by any soil amendments. Soil containing medium had the highest bulk and particle density, EC and pH and the lowest porosity then produced the lowest number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers. The highest number of tubers was produced in perlit + peat moss treatment. The maximum amounts of plant height were recorded in soil + perlite + compost treatments. The perlite + peat moss medium (1:1 v:v) is recommended for production of potato minitubers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        51 - The effects of vermicompost and chicken manure on potato yield in Kermanshah
        Farshad Zandian Amin Farina
        10.22034/aej.2016.523552
        To determine the effect of vormicompost and chicken manure on potato yield and yield components in Kermanshah climate condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with four vormicompost rates of 0 as c More
        To determine the effect of vormicompost and chicken manure on potato yield and yield components in Kermanshah climate condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with four vormicompost rates of 0 as control, 3, 6 and 9 t/ha and poultry manure rates of 0, 10, 12 and 14 t/ha. Number of stems and tubers per plant, tuber weight and tuber yield significantly increased with chicken manure and verrmicompost application.  Interaction between vormicompost and chicken manure showed that the potato received 3 t/ha of vermicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure caused the highest yield two times more than control. This treatment had the highest effect on the number of tubers per plant.Also, the highest tuber weight and number of stems per plant were obtained in 3 t/ha of chicken manure and 12 vormicompost and 12 t/ha, respectively. Correlation evaluation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the number of stems per plant and final yield.Generally, 3 t/ha of vormicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure was recommended to increase potato yield production. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        52 - Effect of vermicompost and cow manure application on growth and flowering of Petunia hybrida
        Fereshteh Kamiab Abuzar Khorshidi Mojdeh Heidari salehabad
        Petunia is one of the most common and important flowers in landscapes. in current study, the effect of vermicompost and cow manure integration on growth and flowering of petunia was investigated at Bam, Kerman Province, Iran, as a factorial experiment in completely rand More
        Petunia is one of the most common and important flowers in landscapes. in current study, the effect of vermicompost and cow manure integration on growth and flowering of petunia was investigated at Bam, Kerman Province, Iran, as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse. The mixture of vermicompost and cow manure in three levels of 15, 30 and 45% of each fertilizer were used in planting time. Morphological traits such as shoot length, dry and fresh weight of shoot and root, number of leaf and flower and flower diameter were measured after three months. The results showed that the application of vermicompost and cow manure under 30% had no significant effect on morphological traits. The application of vermicompost in 30% and 45% with cow manure in 45% increased all of the morphological traits in all measured traits. There weren’t significant difference between these two treatments except leaf number. Considering, organic manures important role in sustainable agriculture,application of these organic manures in amount of vermin compost 30% with cow manure 45% for increasing vegetative growth, bush size, flower number and size in petunia is recommending for decreasing of chemical fertilizers hazards on environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        53 - The effect of irrigation intervals and different ratios of manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of roselle in Iranshahr climate conditions
        Seyyed Mahdi Javadzadeh
        10.22034/aej.2018.539479
        To study the effect of irrigation and fertilizer levels on yieldof roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Iranshahr, Iran in 2016.Treatments were included irrigatio More
        To study the effect of irrigation and fertilizer levels on yieldof roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Iranshahr, Iran in 2016.Treatments were included irrigation intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days and fertilizer ratios were included0:100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:0 manure and chemical fertilizers. Irrigation and fertilizer levels had a significant effect on most of roselle characteristics. Calyx yield with irrigation interval of 14 days, it was about 8.1 g/m2, which was increased to 10.6 g/m2 compared to 7 days irrigation interval. Integrated application of chemical fertilizer with manure was more incresing on roselle yield components than their separate application. The highest calyx yield was obtained in equal ratio of manure and chemical fertilizer, which was 23.7 and 32.2% higher than their individual application of manure and chemical fertilizer, respectively. Integrated application of manure and chemical produced more biomass. Therefore, application of equal ratio of manure and chemical fertilizer with irrigation intervals of 14 days in Iranshahr aquatic and climatic conditions isrecommended for roselle cultivation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        54 - The effect of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on Sclerotinia minor, causal agent of sunflower root and crown rot in laboratory and greenhouse conditions
        Dorna Alilou Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad Torabi
        10.22034/aej.2017.528889
        Sclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and More
        Sclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and sclerotia propagation was done using Köhn method. The effect of 1, 5 and 10 g/L of urea and phosphorous fertilizer and 10, 15 and 20 g/L of animal manure including chicken, sheep and cow manure was studied on growth of mycelial disc and sclerotium on potato dextrose agar medium. Also, the effect of mentioned fertilizers was evaluated on disease development and some morphological traits of sunflower in greenhouse condition. Despite inhibitive effect of chemical fertilizer especially urea in laboratory conditions on fungus mycelial growth and sclerotium production, they caused higher sclerotinia disease index in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, chemical fertilizers such as urea and phorphorus fertilizer are synergic on sclerotinia disease in sunflower and replacement of animal manure specially cow and sheep manures are recommending.  Manuscript profile

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]