Influence of the Type and Amount of Organic Material on the Soil Aggregation Process in Different Soil Textures in Wheat and Corn Rotation

Subject Areas : Optimal management of water and soil resources

Masoud  Mirzabaki ¹ (PhD Graduate of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Department of Tehran.)
Niazali  Ebrahimipak ² (Associate professor of Department of irrigation and soil physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.)
Ebrahim  Pazira ³ (Professor of the Soil Science Department of Azada Islamic University, Tehran Science and Research Unit.)
Saeed  Samavat ⁴ (Associate Professor of Fertility Research Department, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.)

Received: 2023-11-04 Accepted : 2024-05-07 Published : 2024-06-05

Keywords: soil structure, soil Texture, animal manure, compost, soil aggregate,

Abstract :

Introduction: Many researchers have investigated the role of organic matter in the soil aggregation process, but each of them has used these characteristics for a limited area. In this research, the aim was to evaluate the effects in several climates and with two different types of organic fertilizers in different soil textures and in crop rotation for two years. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of organic matter on the soil granulation process in this research in three types of soil texture and in 6 weight ranges of soil grain diameter including 75-105, 105-250, 250-500, 500-1000, 1000-2000 and 2000-4750 Micron, which has a relatively high comprehensiveness, including the smallest to the largest diameter of soil grains, was carried out under the influence of alternating years of cultivation (wheat and corn) on the weighted average of the diameter of soil grains in 11 regions of the country. Also, changes in the average weight of the diameter of the soil grains in the control state (before cultivation) and the first and second year of cultivation in wheat and corn plants were investigated. In this experiment, the effect of organic matter on the soil granulation process was investigated in 5 treatments: 10, 20 tons per hectare of animal manure, 10, 20 tons per hectare of compost and control in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Results: The results indicate the predominant accumulation of clay in the range of 250-500 (40% by weight) and 500-1000 (30%) for clay loam texture, 105-250 (25% by weight) and 250-500 (30% by weight) for loam texture. and 105-250 (40% by weight) for the texture of sandy loam before the start of cultivation, this range is due to the completely effective and positive role of clay in increasing soil granulation, improving soil structure and consequently the stability of soil pores. The increase of organic fertilizers increased the weight average diameter of soil grains and caused the formation of soil grains with sizes of 250-500 and 500-1000 microns. The results of the effect of alternative crops of wheat and corn on the weight average values of the diameter of soil grains compared to before cultivation, especially in the first year of cultivation, showed that with the increase of organic fertilizers, the formation of soil grains with a diameter of 500-1000 microns increased and the percentage of abundance of soil grains with Diameter 105-250 and 250-1000 decreased. Also, the results showed that the improvement of soil granulation with the increase of organic fertilizers was the highest in soil with sandy loam texture and the lowest in soil with clay loam texture. Also, in different treatments of animal manure and compost in none of the diameters of soil grains and in any of No significant difference was observed between tissue classes. And the results indicate that the application of different treatments of organic fertilizers has the greatest effect on sandy loam soil compared to loam and clay loam soil. Conclusion: Generally and according to the statistical results, the addition of organic matter improves the soil granulation process, and also the soil with sandy loam texture is the most effective for the increase of organic fertilizers

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