Writing and accomplishing Local histories in Syria, that was commenced since the third century AH, reached to a peak under the local states and so a number of local histories were provided particularly about two grand cities, Damascus and Aleppo. Tārīkh-i Dimashq(History of Damascus)by Ibn Qalānisī (d. 555 AH) is one of the prominent local history about Damascus which includes the events between 363 and 555 AH and focused primarily on Damascus and then Syria. Ibn Qalanisi described the developments inside and around Damascus as well as the relationships and conflicts of Muslim states such as Hamdanids, Fatimids and Seljuks together and also with Byzantium and the Crusaders.This book is one of the few sources about Damascus in the Fatimid, the Seljuks and the Crusaders era, and so significant for the study of Damascus and Syria in the fifth and sixth centuries AH. Ibn Qalānisī method in historiography is traditional and official, based on a fatalistic attitude and elitist insight without any kind of critical approach. References Abu Shama, Kitab al-Rawdatayn fiAkhbdr al-Dawlatayn, ed. Ibrahim Shamsuddin, Beirut, dar al kutub al ilmiyah, 1422 AD. Bahramian, Ali, “Ibn Qalānisī”, Great Islamic Encyclopedia, v.4, Tehran, Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 1370 sh. Christie, Niall, “Ibn al-Qalānisī”, Medieval Muslim Historians and the Franks in the Levant, Edited by Alex Mallett, Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2014. al-Dahhān, Sāmī,“Origin and Development of the Local Histories of Syria”, Historians of the Middle East, ed. by Bernard Lewis and P. M. Holt, Oxford University Press, 1962. al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shams ad-Din, Tarikh al-Islam, Beirut. Ibid, Siyara`lam al-nubala',Beirut, Mu'assasat al-Risalah, 1414 AH. Hasan Ibrahim Hasan, Ta'rikh al-dawla al-Fatimiyya, Cairo, 1964. Ibn al-Athir, Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Muhammad, Al-Kāmilfī al-tārīkh, Beirut, Dar sader, 1965. Ibn ʿAsākir, Alī ibn al-Ḥasan, TarīkhmadīnatDimashq, ed. ʿU.Gh. al-ʿAmrawī, 80 vols (Beirut,1995–2000), vol.XV, p.191 (no. 1749). Ibn al-Dawadarī, Die Chronik des Ibn ad-Dawdddri, AchterTeil, Der Berichtiiber die fruhenMamluken, ed. Ulrich Haarmann, Deutsches Archaologisches Institut Kairo Quellenzur Geschichte des islamischenAgyptensih (Freiburg, 1971). Ibn al-Fuwati, Madjma' al-adab fi mu'djam al-alqab, Edited by Muhammad Kazim, Tehran. Ibn ImadHanbali, Shadharat al-Dhahab fi Akhbar min Dhahab, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-'Ilmiya, 1998. Ibn Rajab, Abu al-Faraj 'Abdar-Rahman ibn Ahmad, Dhayl ‘aláṬabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah, Beirut, Dar Al Maarifah. Ibn Taghrībirdī, Jamal al-Din Yusuf, Al-Nujum al-Zāhira fi MulukMisrwa’l-Qahira. Edited by Mu˙ammadOusayn Shams al-Din. Vols. 1–16. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, 1992. Ibn Kathir, Ismail ibn Umar, Al-Bidāya wa al- Nihāya, Beirut, Maktabah Al- Maaref, 1990. Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-RaḥmānMuḥammad, al-Ibarwa al-dīwan al-mubtadiwa al-Khabarfītarikh al-Arabwa al-Adjamwa al-Barbarwa-min āṣarāhum min dhawī al-sulṭān al-akbar, Revised by KhalīlShiḥāda, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1988 AD/1408 AH. Ibn Khallikān, Shams al-DīnAbū Al-ʿAbbāsAḥmad Ibn Muḥammad, Wafayāt al-ayānwa-anbāabnā al-zamān, ed. Ihsan Abbas, 8 vols. (Beirut, 1972). Ibn al-Qalānisī,TarīkhDimashq: 360–555, ed. S. Zakkār (Damascus, 1983). Ibn QadiShuhba,al-Kawakib al-durriyya fi al-siraal-nūriyya, Beirut, 2014. Ibn ShakirKutbi, Uyūn al-tawārīkh, Edited by Ihsan 'Abbas, Beirut, Ibn Shahna, Abi al-Fadl Muhammad, al-Dur al-Muntakkhab fi Tarikh mamlaka Halab, ed. A. M. Darwish, Damascus, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1984. Gibb,H.A.R. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades, Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi, 1932 (reprint, Dover Publications, 2002). al-Jīlāwī, N.R.M., Ibn al-Qalānisī: Sīratuhuwa-manhajuhufīkitābihi (DhayltarīkhDimashq)(Baghdad, 2008). Haji Khalifa, Kashf al-ẓunūn ‘an asāmī al-kutubwa-al-funūn, Beirut, Dar al-Ihya al – Turath al-Arabi, Al-Qifti, Ta'rikh al-hukama,ed.Julius Lippert,Leipzig, 1903. Al-Qirmani, Ahmad Ibn Yusuf. Akhbar al-Duwalwa-Athar al-awal fi al-Tarikh. Edited by Ahmad Ou†ay† and FahmiSa'd. Beirut: 'Alam al-Kutub, 1992. al-Ṣafadī, Khalīl Ibn Aybak, al-wafi bi al-wafayat, 30 vols., eds. Hellmut Ritter, et al., Wiesbaden, Beirut 1962 – 2010. Al Samir, Faisal, Al-Dawla al Hamdaniya fi Mosul waHalab, Baghdad, 1970. Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, Yusuf ibn Abdullah, Mir’at al-zaman, Hyderabad, 1951. Stanford, Michael, A Companion to the Study of History, Blackwell, 1994. Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, Al-Mawāiẓwa al-itibārfī dhikr al-khiṭaṭwa’l-āthār, ed. A.F. Sayyid, 5 vols, London, 2002–2004. Al-Munajjed, Salahuddin, Mu'jam al-Muwarrikhin al Dimashqiyin, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Jadida, 1978. Mustafa, Shakir, Tarikhal Arabi WalMuwarrikhun, Beirut, Dar El-IlmLilmalayin, 1978. Yāqūt al-Hamawī, ibn-'Abdullah al-Rūmī, Mu'jam al-udabā, Tehran, Sorush, 1381sh. Al-Yunini, DhaylMirat al-Zaman fial-Ta'rikh al-A'yan, Hyderabad, 1954-61.
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