فهرس المقالات Rural household

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  1 - آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی استان فارس نسبت به ناامنی غذایی ناشی از خشکسالی
  نوشا ناهید فرهاد لشگرآرا سیدجمال فرج اله حسینی سیدمهدی میردامادی
  خشکسالی از پدیده‌های محیطی و بخش جدایی‌ناپذیر تغییرات آب‌وهوایی است که طی سالیان گذشته آسیب های زیادی به بخش کشاورزی و جامعه روستایی وارد کرده است این مقاله با هدف تحلیل وضعیت آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی استان فارس در ایران نسبت به ناامنی غذایی ناشی از خشکسالی و همچنین أکثر

  خشکسالی از پدیده‌های محیطی و بخش جدایی‌ناپذیر تغییرات آب‌وهوایی است که طی سالیان گذشته آسیب های زیادی به بخش کشاورزی و جامعه روستایی وارد کرده است این مقاله با هدف تحلیل وضعیت آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی استان فارس در ایران نسبت به ناامنی غذایی ناشی از خشکسالی و همچنین واکاوی پاسخهای سازگاری آنها نسبت به پدیده خشکسالی از نظر نگرش و اقدام صورت گرفته است. داده های مورد نیاز برای انجام این پژوهش پیمایشی از طریق روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه بندی شده با انتساب متناسب، گردآوری شد. با استفاده از فرمول شفر حجم نمونه کشاورزان، ۲۷۰ نفر تعیین و اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه جمع آوری گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و مدل معادلات ساختاری sem از طریق نرم افزار SPSS21amos23 تحلیل شد. برمبنای نتایج بدست آمده میزان آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی استان فارس نسبت به خشکسالی بالاتر از حد متوسط می باشد که عامل حساسیت بالاترین اثر را در تبیین آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی استان فارس دارد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی نگرش افراد مورد مطالعه در خصوص موثرترین راهکارهای سازگاری نسبت به اثرات خشکسالی نشان داد موثرترین راهکارهای سازگاری از دیدگاه افراد مورد مطالعه وابستگی قابل توجهی به حمایت های دولتی دارد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی پاسخ افراد نسبت تعدیل اثرات خشکسالی نشان داد افراد با آسیب پذیری کمتر گزینه های بیشتری را برای سازگاری با پیامدهای خشکسالی در اختیاردارند که نشان از حساسیت کمتر و بالاتر بودن ظرفیت سازگاری آنان در مقایسه با گروه بیشتر آسیب پذیر می باشد. همچنین خانوارهای روستایی مورد مطالعه از نظر برخی ویژگیها در دو گروه آسیب پذیری حاصل از تحلیل خوشه بندی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. تفاصيل المقالة
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  2 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر امنیت غذایی در خانوارهای کشاورز روستایی استان کهکیلویه و بویراحمد
  سید یعقوب زراعت کیش ژیلا کمائی
  مقدمه: امنیت غذایی خانواده به معنی دسترسی خانواده به غذای کافی سالم و مغذی برای اطمینان از دریافت حداقل مقدار نیاز ضروری اعضای خانواده می باشد، با توجه به اهمیت امنیت غذایی خانواده به عنوان عامل رشد و تکامل مناسب برای همه افراد خانواده و رسیدن آنها به شکوفایی و باروری د أکثر

  مقدمه: امنیت غذایی خانواده به معنی دسترسی خانواده به غذای کافی سالم و مغذی برای اطمینان از دریافت حداقل مقدار نیاز ضروری اعضای خانواده می باشد، با توجه به اهمیت امنیت غذایی خانواده به عنوان عامل رشد و تکامل مناسب برای همه افراد خانواده و رسیدن آنها به شکوفایی و باروری در جامعه، مطالعه حاضر صورت گرفته است. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوار در میان خانوارهای کشاورز روستایی در استان پاسخ دهنده، که متشکل از 223 کهکیلویه و بویراحمد می پردازد. از روش نمونه برداری تصادفی ساده برای دستیابی به نمونه ای شامل سرپرست خانوارهای کشاورز از مناطق روستایی بود، استفاده گردید. دادههای مورد نیاز از طریق اطلاعات هزینه درآمد خانوار مرکز آمار ایران و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، شاخص های امنیت غذایی، شکاف کاستی - مازاد امنیت غذایی و مدل پروبیت مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. . درصد از خانوارهای روستایی از امنیت غذایی برخوردار بودهاند 46 یافتهها: نتایج، با استفاده از روش مصرف کالری، نشان داد که کالری در روز) کالری بیشتری دریافت کردند و این 2400( درصد از حد پیشنهادی 43 خانوارهای روستایی برخوردار از امنیت غذایی حدود . درصد مصرف کالری کمتری نسبت به حد پیشنهادی داشتند 69 در حالی است که خانوارهای مبتلا به نا امنی غذایی، حدود p< ( نتیجهگیری: مشخص شد که درآمد سرپرست خانوار p< ( نسبت مخارج خوراکی به مخارج کل خانوار ،) 0.00 ) و اندازه مزرعه 0.00 (p< p< ( ) تأثیر مثبتی بر امنیت غذایی خانوار داشته است. از طرف دیگر، جنسیت سرپرست خانوار 0.01 وضع سواد سرپرست خانوار ،) 0.01 (p< p< ( ) و اندازه خانوار 0.02 . ) رابطهای منفی با امنیت غذایی خانوار داشته اند 0.00 تفاصيل المقالة
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  3 - تبین اثرات پاندمی کرونا بر میزان زیست‎پذیری (مورد مطالعه: مناطق روستایی شهرستان زاهدان)
  احمد حجاریان سهیلا دالوندی
  زمینه و هدف: ویروس کرونا عامل یکی از بیماری های واگیردار و عفونی سده بیست و یکم است که از اواخر دسامبر 2019 از وهاان چین به سراسر جهان گسترش یافت و آثار و تبعات بسیاری بر ساختار های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیطی مناطق مختلف از جمله مناطق روستایی داشته است. مناطق روستایی، به أکثر

  زمینه و هدف: ویروس کرونا عامل یکی از بیماری های واگیردار و عفونی سده بیست و یکم است که از اواخر دسامبر 2019 از وهاان چین به سراسر جهان گسترش یافت و آثار و تبعات بسیاری بر ساختار های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیطی مناطق مختلف از جمله مناطق روستایی داشته است. مناطق روستایی، به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه برای مقابله با تاثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم این بحران، آمادگی کمتری دارند. لذا هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات ویروس کرونا بر زیست پذیری خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان زاهدان است.روش بررسی: این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت و روش انجام کار توصیفی- تحلیلی است که به دو روش مطالعه کتابخانه ای و پیمایشی میدانی انجام می پذیرد. جامعه آماری تحقیق را خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان زاهدان تشکیل می دهد که با توجه به پراکندکی روستاها و تعداد زیاد آن ها تعداد 20 روستا به صورت تصادفی به عنوان روستای نمونه انتخاب شدند که بر طبق سرشماری سال 1395، این روستاها جمعا 4456 خانوار برابر با 18365 تن جمعیت داشته است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 354 تن به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده است.یافته ها: برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته ها از آزمون تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره و آزمون تی تک نمونه ای استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که شاخص های زیست پذیری خانوارهای روستایی با میانگین 763/2 پایین تر از وضعیت مطلوب ارزیابی شده اند. بررسی اثرات همه گیری ویروس کرونا بر شاخص ها و متغیر های زیست پذیری خانوارهای روستایی نشان داد که همه گیری ویروس کرونا بیشترین تاثیر را با ضریب بتای 398/0- بر زیست پذیری اقتصادی و کمترین تاثیر را با ضریب بتای 147/0- بر متغیر زیست پذیری محیطی دارد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: ویروس کرونا بر میزان زیست پذیری نواحی روستایی تاثیرگذار بوده است. تفاصيل المقالة
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  4 - تاثیر افزایش قیمت گروه‌های مختلف کالایی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی کشور بر مبنای سیستم مخارج خطی
  صمد حکمتی فرید سلیمان فیضی نفیسه سعادت
  هدف این مقاله ارزیابی اثر افزایش قیمت هشت گروه کالایی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی کشور طی بازه زمانی 1380-1391 می‌باشد. این مطالعه برای برآورد حداقل معاش خانوارهای روستایی کشور از داده‌های هزینه خانوارهای روستایی منتشر شده مرکز آمار ایران بهره می‌برد. برآورد حداقل معاش نی أکثر

  هدف این مقاله ارزیابی اثر افزایش قیمت هشت گروه کالایی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی کشور طی بازه زمانی 1380-1391 می‌باشد. این مطالعه برای برآورد حداقل معاش خانوارهای روستایی کشور از داده‌های هزینه خانوارهای روستایی منتشر شده مرکز آمار ایران بهره می‌برد. برآورد حداقل معاش نیز بر روش تابع تقاضای سیستم مخارج خطی استوار است. هم‌چنین پس از برآورد حداقل معاش گروه‌های مختلف کالایی با استفاده از داده‌های تابلویی و محاسبه کشش‌ درآمدی (مخارجی)، به محاسبه شاخص‌های رفاهی، تغییرهای جبرانی و تغییرهای معادل در گروه‌های مختلف کالایی اقدام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد حداقل معاش سالانه خانوار روستایی در سال 1391 برابر با 40637 هزار ریال بوده و نیز افزایش قیمت هر یک از گروه‌های کالایی، متناسب با سهم خود در حداقل معاش خانوار، رفاه خانوارهای روستایی را کاهش می‌دهد. تفاصيل المقالة
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  5 - Factors’ Affecting the Motives of Rural Households’ Saving Behavior in North Bench District, Bench Maji Zone of Southern Ethiopia
  A Gonosa B Bargissa K Tesfay
  A few studies conducted in Ethiopia about rural household’s saving behavior devoting much attention to macroeconomic data. Therefore, this paper examines both motives of rural household’s saving and factors affecting their saving behavior by using micro leve أکثر

  A few studies conducted in Ethiopia about rural household’s saving behavior devoting much attention to macroeconomic data. Therefore, this paper examines both motives of rural household’s saving and factors affecting their saving behavior by using micro level data sets. Primary data were obtained from structured and semi-structured questionnaire, key informants interview, field observation and focus group discussion whereas the secondary data were gathered from banks and micro-finance institutions. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area and178 sample respondents. The descriptive statistical tools including frequencies and percentages were used to examine motives of rural household’s saving whereas chi-square test and t-test were used to examine statistical significance between dependent and explanatory variables. In addition, binary logit model was used to analyze factors affecting rural household’s saving behavior. Results show that mitigating emergency, smoothing future consumption, high interest rate, planning to have luxury life and starting new business were reasons behind the motives of rural household’s saving whereas lack of surplus income, shortage of formal financial institutions, lack of awareness and low interest rate were discouraging factors to save in the area. Furthermore, Age, education level, access to credit and extension service, interest rate, transaction cost and livestock ownership of household heads were factors significantly influencing rural household’s saving behavior . Giving emphasis on adult education, income diversification, expanding branches of formal financial institutions, proving extension service and revising interest rate were points recommended to all concerned bodies to enhance rural households saving behavior in the study area. تفاصيل المقالة
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  6 - Impact of Women Empowerment on Food Security among Rural Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
  Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Kemi Omotesho Oluwaremilekun Jimoh Nimat Abdulraheem Lvie Loreta Olaghere
  Thestudy investigated the impact of women empowerment on food security in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the levels of food security and women empowerment in the study area as well as examined the relationship between both. Also, constraints on w أکثر

  Thestudy investigated the impact of women empowerment on food security in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the levels of food security and women empowerment in the study area as well as examined the relationship between both. Also, constraints on women empowerment in the study area were identified. An interview schedule was used to elicit datafrom 150 rural households across ten communities in the State following a three-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale, women empowerment index, food security index and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation were the analytical tools used. The study revealed that 52% of the households were food- secure. Only 5% of the women in the study area had empowerment index higher than 0.6, with most having least scores for psychological indicators of empowerment levels. A positive correlation (r=0.245) was observed at p تفاصيل المقالة
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  7 - Perception, Adaptation Strategies and Challenges of Climate Change among Rural Households in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area Of Kogi State, Nigeria
  Haruna Opaluwa Opeyemi Gbenga Nyamida Mercy
  Climate change is one of the most serious challenges confronting agriculture, particularly, in rural Nigeria. This study examined the perception, adaptation strategies and challenges of climate change among rural households in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling t أکثر

  Climate change is one of the most serious challenges confronting agriculture, particularly, in rural Nigeria. This study examined the perception, adaptation strategies and challenges of climate change among rural households in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling techniques was used in the study. The first stage involves the purposive selection of six (6) rural farming communities, followed by a random selection of twenty (20) farmers each from the communities making a total of 120 respondents, the data were elicited with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, percentages, mean distribution and ranking. Most farmers observed change in climate, on their perception of climate change, the result showed that majority (44.9%) perceived climate change not to be severe, 41.5% perceived climate change to be very severe while 13.6% were undecided. On the perceived effects, most (87.5%) agreed to prevalence of pest and diseases, followed by high temperature (85.5%) as the major consequence of climate change in the area. Pesticide application (81.7%) was the major adaptive strategy used in the study area. Mulching (66.7%) is also very common in the area. Lack of government support (88.3%), inadequate extension services (86.7%), lack of finance (83.3%) among others were the main constraints to adaptation adoption in the study area. The study concluded that the respondents were aware and knowledgeable on the issues of climate change. There is need for government to make concrete efforts to enact appropriate policies on climate change adaptation. تفاصيل المقالة
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  8 - Economic Analysis of Cooperative Societies and Agricultural Productivity in Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria
  Peter Emaziye
  The primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators أکثر

  The primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators and non-cooperators were utilized for the study. The active mean age of 42 years and married female rural households with secondary educational level obtained their sources of credit facilities from co-operatives. The study also revealed that most rural households with an increase in livestock and crop production obtained their sources of credit from co-operatives. The study also revealed that rural households have constraints in obtaining credits from conventional banks. The study recommends that government policies should be geared towards agricultural co-operatives to increase food productivity and food security. The study also recommends that the government should put enabling laws to enforce conventional banks to provide soft loans via rural households' co-operatives for their farming activities. تفاصيل المقالة
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  9 - Determinants of Poverty among Rural Households in South Western States, Nigeria
  Olubunmi Lawrence Balogun
  Nigeria represents one of the paradoxes of development in which case the nation is rich but her people are poor. This study examines the rate of poverty among rural households in South western, Nigeria. A random multistage sampling was employed for the study. Ekiti and أکثر

  Nigeria represents one of the paradoxes of development in which case the nation is rich but her people are poor. This study examines the rate of poverty among rural households in South western, Nigeria. A random multistage sampling was employed for the study. Ekiti and Osun states were randomly selected from the six states in South-western Nigeria. This was followed by random selection of two Local Government Areas from each senatorial district of the states. Lastly, data were randomly collected from three hundred and ninety-nine households using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) weighted poverty indices and Tobit regression. Mean age and household size were 41.3±11.4years and 6.0±2.2 respectively. The monthly mean per adult equivalent household expenditure of the households was N 4396.3. At a poverty line of N2930.90, fifty-two percent of the households were poor. The result of Tobit regression shows that age, household size, asset value and presence of toilet facility significantly affected poverty. [Olubunmi Lawrence Balogun. Determinants of Poverty among Rural Households in South Western States, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology, 2011; 1(3):99-104]. تفاصيل المقالة
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  10 - Analysis of Factors Determining Households Food Security in Pastoral Area Oromia Region, Moyale District, in Ethiopia
  Amsalu Mitiku Bekabil Fufa Beyene Tadese
  This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 أکثر

  This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 farmers randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model and logit model. The findings revealed that about 49.5% and 50.5% of pastoral households were food insecure and food secure respectively. Logit model analysis result showed total farm income, off-farm income and livestock holding households were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. However, family size negatively affects household food security in the study area. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household food security status and its determinants is important to combat food security problems at the household level. The study findings suggest that in selecting priority intervention areas, the food security strategy should consider statistically significant variables as the most important areas. [Amsalu Mitiku et al. Analysis of Factors Determining Households Food Security in Pastoral Area Oromia Region, Moyale District, In Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology, 2012; 2(3):105-110]. تفاصيل المقالة
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  11 - The Effect of Raising Electricity Price on Welfare of the Household Sector in Rural Areas of Guilan Province, Iran
  حسین صالحی Esfandiar Doshman Ziari Mohammad Sadegh Ziaei
  Present study investigates the effect of soaring residential electricity price on the welfare of rural individuals in Guilan Province by Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) in which the elasticity’s and welfare variations were calculated by Compensation Variations ( أکثر

  Present study investigates the effect of soaring residential electricity price on the welfare of rural individuals in Guilan Province by Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) in which the elasticity’s and welfare variations were calculated by Compensation Variations (CV) and Equivalent Variations (EV) for the time period of 1991-2012. It was shown that the absolute value of income and price elasticity of electricity was less than one unit. Low price elasticity of the demand shows the slight impact of price variations on the demand for electricity in the studied period, on the one hand, and the lack of an appropriate substitute for electricity in residential sector, on the other hand. The calculation of welfare variations and its comparison with the share of electricity in the paid subsidy shows that with 50% and 100% increase in residential electricity price, the cash paid to the households is less that the amount acquired. Accordingly, it can be argued that the direct effect of residential electricity price modification (increase) has not been compensated. In fact, the welfare loss of the households, due to more expensive electricity, is more than the acquired welfare. Yet, in a gradual increase scenario, the calculated CV is less than the payments to the families, and hence it is the only price policy that does not impose a loss on families and improves their welfare. تفاصيل المقالة
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  12 - Prediction of Food Security Levels in Rural Households Based on Socio-Economic Factors (The Case of Nahavand County, Iran)
  سعدی فتح الهی گلام بحری حسین شعبانعلی فمی علی اسدی
  The role of nutrition in the health area, increasing efficiencyand its relationship with economic development has been approved through extensive research in the world using scientificfoundations and empirical evidence. Therefore, accessing tofood security is the basic أکثر

  The role of nutrition in the health area, increasing efficiencyand its relationship with economic development has been approved through extensive research in the world using scientificfoundations and empirical evidence. Therefore, accessing tofood security is the basic pillar of development. The mainpurpose of this study was to investigate the role of socioeconomicfactors affecting the food security of rural households inNahavand County, Iran. The statistical population consisted of26599 rural households of Nahavand County that 255 peoplewere selected using Cochran formula and stratified randomsampling technique. A questionnaire was used to data collection,which its validity was confirmed by a panel of faculty membersin the University of Tehran and its reliability was confirmedby Cronbach's alpha which its range was 0.72 to 0.91 fordifferent sections of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performedin two parts of descriptive and inferential statisticsusing the software SPSS21. Results showed that the differencein various levels of household income in terms of food insecuritylevels was statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The resultsof logit regression (probit) analysis suggested that variables ofdecision-making ability, nutritional awareness of head of thehousehold and the household income have the greatest impacton rural households’ food security. تفاصيل المقالة
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  13 - Impact of Youth Commercial Agricultural Development Programme on Poverty Status of Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
  Adetomiwa Kolapo Olanrewaju Adebayo Olanipekun یوآنده بوبولا آکانده Matthew Kolawole Opeyemi Muhammed
  The paper investigated the impact of the youth commercial agricultural development program (YCAD) on the poverty status of rural households in Ekiti State, Nigeria with the view to ascertain whether the program has increased par capital expenditure of the beneficiaries. أکثر

  The paper investigated the impact of the youth commercial agricultural development program (YCAD) on the poverty status of rural households in Ekiti State, Nigeria with the view to ascertain whether the program has increased par capital expenditure of the beneficiaries. We used a household-level survey collected through a well-structured and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (FGT) weighted poverty index and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model was used for data analysis. Based on the poverty line created, participants of YCAD who were poor were 33.1 percent while that of non-participants was 48.8 percent. The squared poverty gap index for the participants and non-participants had a value of 0.017 and 0.041 respectively. Education, access to extension, and membership in association significantly influenced household participation in the YCAD program. The result showed that household size, the total value of disposable assets, and access to extension services increases per capita expenditure among participants. With regards to non-participants, the result showed that male-headed household and occupations were positive and significant at 5 percent each. We suggested that government should replicate and scale up the YCAD program so as to expand and accommodate more beneficiaries having impacted positively on the poverty status of the participating rural households in Ekiti State Nigeria. تفاصيل المقالة
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  14 - Effect of Access to Health Facilities on the Health Status of Rural Households at Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Bisotoun District)
  Zahra Korani Fateme Pourghasem Tahereh Emami
  10.5455/ijamd.158243
  The main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of access to health facilities on the health status of rural households at Kermanshah Province. Statistical pupation of this study consisted of all heads of rural households at Bisotoun district in Harsin Township أکثر

  The main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of access to health facilities on the health status of rural households at Kermanshah Province. Statistical pupation of this study consisted of all heads of rural households at Bisotoun district in Harsin Township, Kermanshah Province, Iran (N=1020), that 278 of them were selected by the cluster random sampling method. The main instrument of this study was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the health status of rural households was medium at the given district. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 36% of the dependent variable (health status) is explained by five following variables: level of water availability, level of sewer system availability, and level of access to health services (e.g. toilet, bath, health home, etc.), access to resources and communication and information channels and the level of waste disposal system availability. The results of this study can be considered by authorities and politicians so that they can pay more attention to the rural health issues. تفاصيل المقالة
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  15 - Effects of Climate Change on Food Expenditures of Rural Households in Iran
  علیرضا کرباسی چیمن صیادی
  This study examined the effects of climate change on food expenditure in rural household of Iran. Food expenditure is investigated as a function of average income of rural households, retail food price index and food expenditure for rural households, agricultural sown a أکثر

  This study examined the effects of climate change on food expenditure in rural household of Iran. Food expenditure is investigated as a function of average income of rural households, retail food price index and food expenditure for rural households, agricultural sown area and climate change. Here, the Stata11 software is used and data are from 26 provinces of the country for 10 years. Precipitation, temperature and relative humidity are considered as indicators for climate variables. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of average income of rural households, retail food prices, food expenditure of rural households with a lag and precipitation on the food expenditure of rural households. Agricultural sown area and relative humidity had no effect on the food expenditure of rural households and temperature had a significant and negative effect on the food expenditure of rural households. In the end, due to the impact that each of these variables explicitly have on food expenditure of rural households and implicitly on food security of rural households, suggestions for maintaining and improving food security of rural households is presented. تفاصيل المقالة
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  16 - Family Income and Cash Flow of Rural Households in South East Nigeria: A Comparative and Gender – Based Analysis
  Olajide O. Adeola W. Doppler
  This study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approa أکثر

  This study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approach to randomly select and interview 120 households. Descriptive statistics and Mann whitney test were used in assessing between group differences while regression analysis was used to test the determinants of family income spread within the households. The results showed that the farming systems differed significantly in terms of rewards to resource use and efficiency. It also showed that remotely located households were more likely to be vulnerable to financial risks. A comparison of Male and Female Headed Households showed that the households had similar income generating potentials but with the cash flow analysis a safe conclusion may be reached that Female Headed Household were more financially unhealthy. تفاصيل المقالة
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  17 - Shocks and Coping Strategies of Rural Households: Evidence from Ogo-Oluwa Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
  Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi Olapade-Ogunwole Fola Raufu Mufutau Oyedapo
  Rural households in Nigeria are vulnerable to shock because of their limited capacity to make informed decision on secured coping strategies which is further aggravated by some households’ specific socio-economic characteristics. Attempts were made to identify sho أکثر

  Rural households in Nigeria are vulnerable to shock because of their limited capacity to make informed decision on secured coping strategies which is further aggravated by some households’ specific socio-economic characteristics. Attempts were made to identify shocks being faced by households’ heads and coping strategies. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 80 respondents and well structured questionnaire was used to collect data through in-depth interview. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to describe households’ socio-economic variables; Probit analysis was also used to determine the relationship between personal socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, shocks and choice of coping actions. The results revealed that a large share of households experience multidimensional shocks, which are mainly associated to ecological but also suffer from other economic, demographic and social factors. Majority of households undertake coping actions in response to shocks; coping strategies employed but not limited to include borrowing, distress sales of assets, remittances, adjustment in food intake, drawing on savings. Educational status, household size, per capita income, shocks type, coping strategies, among others are found to significantly affect the choice of coping actions and are likely to have implications for households’ future welfare status. تفاصيل المقالة