تأثیر اجرای هدفمندی یارانه‌ها بر فقر و ناپایداری اقتصاد خانوار روستایی در ایران (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان نیشابور)
الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ایمجید جمزه‌ئی 1 , علی‌اکبر عنابستانی 2 , جعفر جوان 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادگروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: ایران, فقر, هدفمندی یارانه ها, ناپایداری اقتصاد خانوار روستایی,
ملخص المقالة :
اجرای سیاست هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها در ایران ازجمله اقداماتی است که با هدف کاهش فقر، کاهش فاصله طبقاتی بین دهک‌های مختلف جامعه و به ویژه ارتقای شاخص‌های اقتصادی در مناطق روستایی انجام‌شده است. تحقیق پیش رو با هدف ارزیابی آثار هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها بر فقر و ناپایداری اقتصاد خانوارهای روستاهایی انجام‌گرفته است. این تحقیق از نوع بنیادی اکتشافی و روش انجام پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی است. داده‌های موردنیاز از دو طریق میدانی و اسنادی جمع‌آوری‌شده‌اند. در این تحقیق ، ابتدا شاخص‌های تحقیق طی دو دوره 6 ساله پیش از هدفمندی یارانه‌ها (1389-1384) و دوره 6 ساله پس از هدفمندی یارانه‌ها ( 1395-1390) در سطح تمام روستاهای کشور موردبررسی قرارگرفته و میانگین هر شاخص در دوره پیش و پس از هدفمندی یارانه‌ها مقایسه شده و سپس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این بخش، با بررسی‌های حاصل از پژوهش میدانی در نمونه موردمطالعه مقایسه شده است. نمونه آماری این تحقیق شامل 22 روستا از روستاهای شهرستان نیشابور، با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به‌عنوان نمونه به روش تصادفی سیستماتیک انتخاب شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اجرای طرح هدفمندی یارانه‌ها، در طی سال‌های 90، 91 و 92 نرخ تورم روستایی به ترتیب 37.2 ، 32.3 و 37 درصد بوده که در طی این دوره حتی بالاتر از تورم شهری بوده است. همچنین این طرح باعث تغییر در ترکیب هزینه‌های خانوار، تغییر در ترکیب هزینه‌های خوراکی خانوار و هزینه‌های غیرخوراکی خانوار شده است. اما اجرای این طرح به دلیل نرخ بالای بهره‌مندی خانوار از طرح درنهایت باعث افزایش درآمد خانوار شده و نیز باعث ایجاد منبع درآمدی جدید برای خانوار روستایی شده است.
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