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1 - Editorial
Issue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024editorialeditorial Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Manufacturing High-Strength HA-Ti Surface Composites by Friction Stir Processing with Different Filler Mixtures
A Shahbaz Mehrdad Abbasi H SabetIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024In recent years, a wide range of studies have focused on the surface modification of titanium, especially in terms of its biomedical applications. However, comparatively less researches have been conducted on the fabrication of titanium surface composites in bulk form MoreIn recent years, a wide range of studies have focused on the surface modification of titanium, especially in terms of its biomedical applications. However, comparatively less researches have been conducted on the fabrication of titanium surface composites in bulk form. The primary objective of this investigation is to successfully produce hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ti surface composites with a homogenous dispersion of nano hydroxyapatite particles through friction stir processing (FSP). The secondary aim is to investigate the effect of FSP parameters, specifically filler mixture, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. Two different mixtures of HA and FSP parameters, traverse speeds of 30 and 45 mm min-1, rotational speed of 1200 rpm, and a conical tool shape, were used. It was found that the samples obtained by a filler mixture of HA-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed better dispersion of HA in the Ti base, as well as higher tensile strength. Also, a 30 mm min-1 traverse speed led to higher strength in both filler mixtures. Therefore, the sample produced by a traverse speed of 30 mm min-1 and HA/PVA filler mixture was selected as the optimum sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of Tribological Behavior of Single-Layer and Multilayer Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings in the Presence of Al2O3 and SiC Reinforcing Particles
A.I. Abduljaleel Al Rabeeah M. Razazi BoroujeniIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024Due to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the MoreDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the multilayer or hybrid type of nickel-phosphorus electroless coatings. In this research, for the first time, a three-layer Ni-P/Ni-P-Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC coating was produced and its tribological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction test, energy beam spectrometer, optical and electron microscope images, hardness measurement, roughness measurement, adhesion test (according to ASTM B571 standard), and pin-on-disk wear (according to ASTM-G99 standard) were used for characterization. In the X-ray diffraction pattern related to the multilayer coating, in addition to the amorphous nickel-phosphorus phase, SiC and Al2O3 phases were also seen. The hardness of multilayer coating was 126 Vickers more than that of single-layer coating. The adhesion of all the coatings was very good, so after performing the bending test, no galling was observed in the coatings. In general, it was found that the use of multi-layer coating compared to single-layer coating (with the same thickness) leads to increased hardness, better adhesion, and superior wear behavior. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also evaluated with the help of electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear mechanism of the electroless nickel-phosphorus coating was delamination and Abrasive, while the hybrid coating changed the mechanism to adhesive by creating a gradient of mechanical properties and lubrication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Surface Treatment by SO2 Plasma on the Polymer Hemocompatibility
F. Ahmadi A. Asef nejad M.T Khorasani M. Daliri JoopariIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024Polyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suita MorePolyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suitable replacement for damaged vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of modifying the surface of polyethylene terephthalate with SO2 plasma on the hemocompatibility of the polymer.Polymer films were exposed to SO2 gas plasma. In order to evaluate surface chemistry changes, FTIR infrared spectroscopy test was performed. 3D imaging with atomic force microscope (AFM) was performed to examine the structural changes and MTT assay and platelet adhesion tests were carried out to investigate the changes in cell activity and coagulation.The results of infrared spectroscopy in the sample treated by plasma with SO2gas confirmed the presence of peaks related tothe symmetrical bonds of SO2in SO3 or SO4 in the sample. AFM images showed the surface structure changes. The MTT assay test proved the non-toxicity of the SO2gas plasma surface modification method. Adhesion and cell and platelet activity tests also showed the anti-clotting effect of the modified polymer.The use of plasma method with SO2gas is a suitable method to modify the surface and to increase blood compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate polymer, and probably can be used for making artificial blood vessels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Effect of Changing Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on the Scratch Degradation of Ti-6Al-4V
M.R. Tavighi A. Rabieifar O. Ashkani A. Asaadi ZahraeiIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024In this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surfac MoreIn this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surface were investigated through a constant load scratch test, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that while increasing the processing time and duty voltage, the density of porosity and the amount of rutile on the coating surface increased. Meanwhile, microstructure degradations like delamination, gross spallation, and buckling spallation decreased due to increased adhesion strength. This resulted from an increase in voltage and processing time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An Investigation on the Metal Injection through the Producing of MIM-ed Low-Alloy Steel
S. Rezaei A. AskariIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024In this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters MoreIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters, the five-variable Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used with the assumption of a quadratic model, together with the statistical method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples are then fabricated, and their densities are measured. Hence, the significance of these factors as well as the mutual coupling between each two parameters are investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, this paper reveals that injection temperature of 155 ◦C, the injection speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s and the injection pressure of 132 bar led to an optimum density of the green part, which becomes 4.892 g/cm3. Then, a new sample is produced using these optimized settings, and the green component density is measured, which is extremely near to the predicted value. After sintering, the optimized sample’s density and hardness are compared to the MIM-4605 standard criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation and Prediction of W/C Ratio vs. Compressive Concrete Strength Using A.I and M.L Based on Random Forest Algorithm Approach
R. JamalpourIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024Concrete, an artificial stone composed of cement, aggregate, water, and additives, is extensively utilized in contemporary civil projects. A pivotal characteristic of concrete is its capacity to efficiently serve various purposes and structural requirements. Cement, wat MoreConcrete, an artificial stone composed of cement, aggregate, water, and additives, is extensively utilized in contemporary civil projects. A pivotal characteristic of concrete is its capacity to efficiently serve various purposes and structural requirements. Cement, water, aggregate, and additives are pivotal parameters wherein even minor alterations can significantly impact concrete strength. Among these parameters, the Water/Cement (W/C) ratio holds particular significance due to its inverse correlation with strength. Traditionally, predicting concrete strength solely based on the water-to-cement ratio has been challenging. However, with advancements in AI and machine learning techniques coupled with ample data availability, accurate strength prediction is achievable. This paper presents an analysis of a diverse dataset comprising various concrete tests utilizing machine learning methodologies, followed by a comparative examination of the outcomes. Furthermore, this study scrutinizes a renowned dataset encompassing 1030 experiments, featuring diverse combinations of cement, water, aggregate, etc., employing artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. Model accuracy and result fidelity are evaluated through rigorous sampling methodologies. Initially, the dataset is subjected to analysis utilizing the linear regression algorithm, followed by validation employing the random forest algorithm. The random forest algorithm is employed to predict the water-to-cement ratio and corresponding compressive strength for concrete with a density of 300 kg/m3. Notably, the obtained results exhibit a high level of concordance with experimental and laboratory findings from prior studies. Hence, the efficacy of the random forest algorithm in concrete strength prediction is established, offering promising prospects for future applications in this domain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Impact of Freezing and Thawing Cycles on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Stabilized Sand
M. Nourmohammadi Z. Aghaei M. BayatIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024In civil engineering, natural soils often lack the strength required for intended loads. Soil improvement techniques, such as using cement and fibers, are employed to bolster mechanical properties for engineering structures. This study evaluates the efficacy of cement-s MoreIn civil engineering, natural soils often lack the strength required for intended loads. Soil improvement techniques, such as using cement and fibers, are employed to bolster mechanical properties for engineering structures. This study evaluates the efficacy of cement-stabilized sand reinforced with carbon fibers under freezing and thawing cycles. Key variables investigated include cement and carbon fiber content, curing periods, and freeze-thaw cycles. Results show significant enhancements in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) with the addition of cement and carbon fibers. For instance, specimens with 10% cement and 2% carbon fiber achieved UCS values of up to 1717 kPa, 1521 kPa, and 1347 kPa under varying freeze-thaw cycles at 28 days. This combination also reduces crack formation by increasing strain at failure points. Specimens with 2% carbon fibers and 10% cement exhibited the highest failure strains under freeze-thaw cycles. However, increasing freeze-thaw cycles led to decreased UCS, although carbon fiber-reinforced specimens showed more resilience. The study highlights the efficacy of combining carbon fibers and cement for reinforcing sandy soil under freeze-thaw conditions. Cement enhances UCS during stabilization, while carbon fibers improve strain at failure, enhancing soil deformability and mitigating failure mechanisms. This research provides insights into optimizing soil stabilization methods for civil engineering projects in challenging environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as Smart Materials Application in Structural Engineering in the Last Decade
R. JamalpourIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024The shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a specific property some materials have to restore their original shape. This strange behavior has caused these materials to be classified as smart materials. Due to the capabilities of this material, it has been used in all industries, MoreThe shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a specific property some materials have to restore their original shape. This strange behavior has caused these materials to be classified as smart materials. Due to the capabilities of this material, it has been used in all industries, and in the last decade, its use has developed tremendously. In this article, while dealing with their general properties and production method, their applications especially in structural and earthquake engineering have been reviewed and investigated. For this reason, some of the works and studies done by structural engineering researchers in the recent period (from 2014 to 2024) in the field of structural engineering and with the approach of evaluating connections equipped by shape memory alloys have been mentioned. Finally, while examining the details of a Practical study in the field of steel column connection to the foundation, which was done with and without using of shape memory alloys, the advantages of using shape memory alloys in connections are summarized in the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Recent Advances in the Development of Quantum Materials for the Construction of Solar Cells: A Mini Review
O. Ashkani B. Abedi-Ravan Y. YarahmadiIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024Solar cells are one of the most important equipment’s in the field of clean and novel energy that can be used without chemical pollution. Solar cells are very valuable equipment that by using them, in addition to reducing environmental pollution, can benefit from clean MoreSolar cells are one of the most important equipment’s in the field of clean and novel energy that can be used without chemical pollution. Solar cells are very valuable equipment that by using them, in addition to reducing environmental pollution, can benefit from clean energy. Solar cells are generally used in various industries, including aerospace, clean energy and even transportation. In the meantime, increasing the efficiency of solar cells is of great importance, and the development of quantum science has made a significant contribution to this issue. The use of quantum dots containing different materials such as graphene, carbon, gallium, lead and similar materials can increase the efficiency of solar cells from 3 to more than 50% on average. Also, the power conversion efficiency in solar cells developed with quantum dot technology reports from 1 to more than 15% improvements compared to conventional solar cells. In this research, to summarize the latest achievements in this field, an overview of the importance of quantum dots about the development of solar cells has been done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of Carbon-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications
A. Rabieifar N. KhanzadehIssue 1 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2024Today, carbon materials are among the most widely used materials in the field of scientific-technological leaps. The biochemical properties of these materials have led to their widespread use in medical and biomechanical fields, and their different and special morpholog MoreToday, carbon materials are among the most widely used materials in the field of scientific-technological leaps. The biochemical properties of these materials have led to their widespread use in medical and biomechanical fields, and their different and special morphology has led to their suitable replacement for body tissues and solving joint problems and osteochondral problems. However, more systematic approaches to the engineering design of carbon-based cells and scaffolds are needed, and the related challenges still need to be addressed through extensive research. In this research, a comprehensive study of carbon materials and their benefits in medicine is done, focusing on increasing the effect of these materials in the area of osteochondral and joint repair and regeneration. In this regard, a review of all types of carbon allotropes including diamond, graphene compounds, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, and carbon dots has been done and the Biocompatibility properties of scaffold carbon base materials have been investigated. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - Functionally Graded Materials: Processing Techniques and Applications
A Rabieifar V Abouei Mehrizi M Ghanbari HaghighiIssue 2 , Vol. 7 , Spring 2023Functionally graded materials (FGMs) revealed an immense growth with worldwide demand. This paper describes a brief review of the feasibility of production methods (solid, liquid, and gaseous methods) chosen for FGMs, with the aid of schematic diagrams. Advanced FGM fab MoreFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) revealed an immense growth with worldwide demand. This paper describes a brief review of the feasibility of production methods (solid, liquid, and gaseous methods) chosen for FGMs, with the aid of schematic diagrams. Advanced FGM fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing and laser deposition, which have been gaining importance are also explored. The evolution of fabrication techniques is correlated to the industrial requirements along with their merits and limitations. This review article also highlights some advanced engineering applications observed for FGMs. Comparing various fabrication technologies employed for FGMs, centrifugal casting was the most established and economically feasible method that met vast industrial product demands like hybrid and double-graded FGMs. Powder metallurgy was preferred for bulk gradation in spite of their sharp transitions across layers. Advanced FGM fabrication techniques like additive manufacturing, electrochemical gradation, and laser deposition techniques improved critical production parameters like precision, gradation control, etc. Thermal spraying successfully improved the heat insulation performance of FGMs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Functionally Graded Thermal Spray Coatings: Methods, Parameters, and Post-Spray Treatments
A Rabieifar M, R TavighiIssue 2 , Vol. 7 , Spring 2023Surface coating on metal substrates has remained a difficult challenge for researchers due to the conflicting requirements for different properties. In recent years, due to their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tribological properties in many advanced engineering a MoreSurface coating on metal substrates has remained a difficult challenge for researchers due to the conflicting requirements for different properties. In recent years, due to their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tribological properties in many advanced engineering applications, functionally graded coatings (FGCs) have become fascinating materials for researchers worldwide to obtain coatings with specific requirements. FGCs are a novel type of traditional composites in which phases are not equally distributed to form a smooth gradient structure; thus, gradient coatings have shown a new research path.The present paper tries to describe briefly major thermal spray techniques used to spray functionally graded coatings such as atmospheric plasma spraying, high velocity oxy-fuel spraying, suspension and solution precursor plasma spraying, and finally low and high-pressure cold gas spray methods. The examples of combined spray processes as well as some examples of post-spray treatment including laser and high temperature treatments or mechanical ones, are described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Overview of Quasicrystals, Their Types, Preparation Methods, Properties
H Bakhtiari M. R Rahimipour M Farvizi M. R KhanzadehIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2021Quasicrystals, unlike crystals that contain regular and repetitive patterns, are composed of regular patterns that are not repetitive. Moreover, the symmetry of quasicrystals in crystals is impossible. For example, ordinary crystals can have triple symmetries from the r MoreQuasicrystals, unlike crystals that contain regular and repetitive patterns, are composed of regular patterns that are not repetitive. Moreover, the symmetry of quasicrystals in crystals is impossible. For example, ordinary crystals can have triple symmetries from the repetition of a triangle or quadruple symmetries from the repetition of a cube. Quasicrystals are a special type of real crystals that are artificially formed only in laboratories, under certain conditions and temperatures, and it is not possible to form them like the earth. Evidence suggests that quasicrystals can form naturally under conditions contrary to astrophysical laws and remain stable for long periods. Quasicrystals are a group of new materials with unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Among the known properties of these materials are low adhesion and friction, high resistance to corrosion, very high hardness, electrical insulation at low temperatures, and light absorption. Quasicrystals are used in non-stick coatings, nanoparticles, hydrogen storage, reinforcing phases in composites, catalysts, thermal insulation, infrared light absorption, and corrosion protection. In this article, we refer to some of the main topics related to quasi-crystal Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Barrier Coatings Microstructure with Different Platinum-Modified Aluminide Bond Coats
A RabieifarIssue 1 , Vol. 7 , Winter 2023Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are used to protect the surface of hot components of gas turbines. TBCs usually have three layers and include a Top Coat (TC) ceramic layer, an intermediate metallic Bond Coat (BC) layer, and a Thermally Grown Oxide (TGO) layer. In the pr MoreThermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are used to protect the surface of hot components of gas turbines. TBCs usually have three layers and include a Top Coat (TC) ceramic layer, an intermediate metallic Bond Coat (BC) layer, and a Thermally Grown Oxide (TGO) layer. In the present study, a brief survey of the microstructure of the ceramic layer produced by Air Plasma Spray (APS) and Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) has been done. Due to the inherent microstructure of the top coat ceramic layer, Diffusion aluminide bond coats are widely used in thermal barrier coatings for oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ni-base superalloy components of advanced gas turbine engines. Modifying these coatings by Pt addition considerably improves their high-temperature oxidation resistance. This effect of Pt has prompted intense research on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of Pt-modified aluminide coatings (Pt-Al) over the past several decades. The present review is to collate the available information on the subject. The study includes traditional b-(Ni, Pt)Al bond coats as well as the Pt-modified g–g¢ type of bond coats that have gained prominence in more recent times. A brief description of typical process steps involved in the formation of Pt-aluminide coatings is provided followed by a detailed assessment of coating microstructures reported under various processing conditions. The influence of prior diffusion treatment, on the coating microstructure, is highlighted. The various mechanisms of the role of Pt in enhancing the oxidation and resistance of aluminide coatings, as suggested in the literature, are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Research Conducted on Improving the Properties of Oxidation Resistance and Erosion of ZrB2/SiC Composites
K Kolahgar Azari A Alizadeh A Sayadi KelemiIssue 2 , Vol. 7 , Spring 2023One of the main challenges in advanced industries in the field of future technologies is the existence of materials that can maintain their integrity at temperatures above 2000 degrees Celsius. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are among the attractive options for MoreOne of the main challenges in advanced industries in the field of future technologies is the existence of materials that can maintain their integrity at temperatures above 2000 degrees Celsius. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are among the attractive options for meeting this industrial need. Resistance to oxidation and linear and mass erosion is one of the most important and influential properties of these high-temperature ceramics. Hf and Zr diborides are the most important materials among high-temperature ceramics for these components, showing the best resistance to oxidation up to a temperature of 1500 degrees Celsius. Especially ZrB2 has received more attention due to its low density and low cost. However, two important factors hinder its application: firstly, it contains a high amount of boron. Boron oxides quickly vaporize at temperatures above 1200 degrees Celsius, resulting in severe material loss due to hot gases. Secondly, due to its brittleness and low thermal shock resistance, it is prone to sudden fracture. In order to reduce the evaporation of boron oxides and improve the erosion resistance of ZrB2, significant attention has been given to adding silicides (such as SiC, MoSi2, etc.) and carbides (such as ZrC) to ZrB2 to form multiphase ceramics. On the other hand, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of single-phase ceramics with multiple elements. Although ZrC is less prone to evaporation at high temperatures due to the absence of boron, it has lower oxidation resistance compared to diborides (such as ZrB2) and is weaker. This makes it less suitable for anti-erosion applications. The mentioned factors indicate that high-temperature ceramics are limited in their application in environments with very high temperatures, and new single-phase ceramic materials with lower evaporation rates and better oxidation resistance need to be developed. This research focuses on recent studies on increasing the oxidation resistance of ZrB2 composites in detail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation on Hot Tearing Susceptibility of A201 Aluminum Alloy in Different Ingate Velocities and Molds
M. H Ayandeh A. A Kashi M. Ghambarian H. Karimi A. Mootabha A. Khoyini E.M. BoushehriIssue 2 , Vol. 3 , Spring 2019In this research, Hot tearing Behavior and susceptibility of the Al-Cu A201 aluminum alloy in different mold has been investigated. There are a lot of methods that used for hot tear tests but between all of these methods that proposed for this kind of the tests, The Rin MoreIn this research, Hot tearing Behavior and susceptibility of the Al-Cu A201 aluminum alloy in different mold has been investigated. There are a lot of methods that used for hot tear tests but between all of these methods that proposed for this kind of the tests, The Ring model was employed for testing the hot tearing tendency. In order to increase the investigated parameters, wooden model designated to support different ingate velocities. Some samples that exposed to the Hot Tear were inspected by visual and NDT (None destructive) tests followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to study of the teared surface of the samples. The extracted results show that the number and severity of tears increased by changing the strength of mold from green sand to CO2 sand. The evaluation of the experimental results in this study showed that these results is in good agreement with the other obtained by another researchers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - High Frequency Resistance Welded Finned Tubes Technologies in Heat Recovery Steam Generator Boilers
M. SadeghiIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2017In professional industries have taken an interest in being more environmentally friendly, it is important that all adopt a unified standard regarding environmental preservation. In this investigating the increase in demand for electricity in the world a continuous searc MoreIn professional industries have taken an interest in being more environmentally friendly, it is important that all adopt a unified standard regarding environmental preservation. In this investigating the increase in demand for electricity in the world a continuous search for new sources of energy, engineering and technology solutions. Heat recovery system generator (HRSG) is obviously a very desirable energy source, since the product is available almost operating cost-free and increases the efficiency of the cycle in which it is placed, either for steam generation or for incremental power generation. Increasing thermal efficiency while reducing energy costs is possible through the use of finned tubes for heat exchangers. Welding contact currents frequency is a variation of resistance welding which uses high-frequency properties of the welded contact surface heating elements to melt temperature, and combinations thereof by pressure. Finned tubes used a HRSG is the core facility of a combined cycle thermal power plant that recycles thermal energy from a gas turbine and creates high temperature and high pressure gas. This paper presents the technologies of environment friendly industrial fin tube boiler, with particular emphasis on high-frequency resistance welded (HFRW) finned tubes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Fully Green Bio-Composites in Manufacturing of Wind Turbine Blades: A Strategic Review
N Desai P Bhatt M SolankiIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2021Energy crisis has been posing a great concern on the exploitation of limited resources and causing dramatic impact on the global economy. With the growing shortage of electricity, a rapid evolution has been observed in the wind power technology as a clean source of rene MoreEnergy crisis has been posing a great concern on the exploitation of limited resources and causing dramatic impact on the global economy. With the growing shortage of electricity, a rapid evolution has been observed in the wind power technology as a clean source of renewable energy. Along with considering the strength requirements and considerable forces acting on the blades of wind turbines throughout its operating lifetime, the continued growth of the industry also strengthens the need for gaining critical material knowledge for the wind turbine blades. This gives direct rise to challenges in material selection process, a major area of potential improvement. The focus of this review paper is the need for improved material knowledge, advanced, economic, and environmentally friendly materials for wind turbine blades. Present piece of research attempts to conclude various potential green bio-composites which have an edge over the existing conventional materials for the application of wind turbine blades and could prove to be a remarkable advancement in the field of wind energy. Along with the material selection, detailed insights about property requirements for wind turbine blades, problems encountered in the present-day materials, characteristics for selecting reinforced fibres, material testing, and manufacturing process of wind turbine blades have also been studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluating the Role of Recycling Materials in Construction Industry (Case Study: City of Tehran)
N. Afzali S. HamzehlooIssue 2 , Vol. 2 , Spring 2018Deploying new construction technologies and materials has solved many environmental problems caused by building waste materials, namely saves energy and natural resources, and reduces environmental pollutants through reusing and recycling building materials and increasi MoreDeploying new construction technologies and materials has solved many environmental problems caused by building waste materials, namely saves energy and natural resources, and reduces environmental pollutants through reusing and recycling building materials and increasing lifespan and durability of the materials. Nonetheless, in developing countries like Iran, due to lack of the Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste management plans and these new technologies, merely negligible amounts of C&D waste materials are recycled annually, resulting in environmental pollution and heavy costs in metropolitan cities such as Tehran. In this paper, along with reviewing previous researches done in the field of recycling building materials, their significant role and embodied energies in the environmental spaces was explained. The most important types of them (including plastics, textile, metal, glass, paper, aggregates, bricks, and wood), were identified to examine their potential in further plans and designs, as well as their unique recycling features and characteristics. The research method is descriptive-comparative, and after reviewing the existing literature, this issue has been considered in Tehran as one of the largest cities. Tehran is engaging with environmental pollution caused by C&D materials, especially mixing sand and cement, concrete, bricks which account for 30%, 19%, and 18% respectively. Finally, mid-term and long-term solutions were proposed in order to create a framework for the improvement of future recycling projects, especially in the city of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Process by LMD Method, Affecting Process Parameters on Microstructure and Quality of Deposition Layers
R Hedayatnejad H Sabet S Rahmati A Salemi GolezaniIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2021Additive manufacturing (AM) is a general name used for production methods which have the capabilities of producing components directly from 3D computer aided design (CAD) data by adding material layer-by-layer until a final component is achieved. Included here are powde MoreAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a general name used for production methods which have the capabilities of producing components directly from 3D computer aided design (CAD) data by adding material layer-by-layer until a final component is achieved. Included here are powder bed technologies, laminated object manufacturing and deposition technologies. These technologies are presently used for various applications in engineering industry as well as other areas of society, such as medicine, aerospace, architecture, cartography, entertainment. Laser metal deposition (LMD) using powder as an additive is an AM process which uses a multi-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine to guide the laser beam and powder nozzle over the deposition surface. The component is built by depositing adjacent beads layer by layer until the component is completed. LMD has lately gained attention as a manufacturing method which can add features to semi-finished components or as a repair method. LMD introduce a low heat input compared to arc welding methods and is therefore well suited in applications where a low heat input is of an essence. For instance, in repair of sensitive parts where too much heating compromises the integrity of the part. It has been found that the most influential process parameters are the laser power density, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and powder standoff distance and that these parameters has a significant effect on the characteristics of the material such as microstructure Manuscript profile
