About the journal
Journal of the Structural Engineering and Geotechnics (JSEG), aims to provide a unique forum for the publication of original research on structural engineering and geotechnics. The papers are expected to make a significant contribution to the development activities in both academic and professional engineering community. All of the received papers will peer reviewed by the professional advisory editors. The accepted papers will publish in accordance with the Journal policies. The scope of the journal encompasses but not restrict to the following areas:
•Earthquake engineering
•Geotechnical engineering
•Geotechnical instabilities
•Soil-structure interaction
•Structural reliability
•Construction material
•Fluid-structure interaction
Topics of interest includes: Tall buildings, Dams, pressure vessels, petrochemical
facilities, plates and shells, liquefiable soils, embankment dams, tunnels.
JSEG, also publishes, technical notes, discussions, sate of the arts in any aspect of the
structural and geotechnical engineering
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Open Access Article
1 - Design Approach of Bolts and Sandwiching Steel Plates in Hybrid-Sandwiching Systems Based on FEM
Alireza Zaferani Pasha Javadi Parham MemarzadehIssue 1 , Vol. 13 , Spring 2023Conventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of co MoreConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of conventional RBS beams previously proposed by the authors can increase the energy absorption capacity, allowing the beam to reach 7% drift without losing capacity. The experimental results indicate that placing the HS-RBS in the reduced section of the RBS beam does not disrupt its main role in forming a plastic joint in the reduced section. HS-RBS is comprised of grout, nuts and bolts, and the sandwiching plates. In this system, the bolts and the sandwiching plate enclose the grout and the bolts are placed in the grout on two sides of the beam web in the reduced section to increase the grout's capacity to resist the tensile stresses arising from the web buckling. The sandwiching plate is located in the reduced section on two sides of the flange to enclose the grout and increase the buckling resistance of the flange. This study employed finite element modeling (FEM) to analyse beam bolts with different diameters for different sections of the HS-RBS to obtain the best diameter for each bolt. Moreover, sandwiching plates with different thicknesses were examined to find the best thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Seismic Fragility Analysis of a RC Bridge with Uniform and Non-Uniform Random Scour Patterns
Ali Raoof Mehrpour Hosseini Mehran Seyedrazzaghi Nasser ShamskiaIssue 1 , Vol. 13 , Spring 2023Previous natural disaster assessments had identified bridges as vulnerable structures against hydraulic hazards, particularly scouring. Additionally, in areas with high seismic activity, bridges are exposed to minor damage to complete collapse, in most cases requiring i MorePrevious natural disaster assessments had identified bridges as vulnerable structures against hydraulic hazards, particularly scouring. Additionally, in areas with high seismic activity, bridges are exposed to minor damage to complete collapse, in most cases requiring immediate occupancy structural performance levels in the event of an earthquake. Previous studies have focused on vulnerability assessments by considering the effects of simultaneous hazards. This study examines a simply supported RC bridge model with a discontinuous deck-girder superstructure installed on cap beams via elastomers. Seismic vulnerability assessments were conducted by developing fragility curves through nonlinear time history analyses on scoured models. One of the study's objectives is to consider the effects of non-uniform patterns in different foundations of the four-span model by generating random depth samples. The study also evaluated even depths as the uniform scenario for vulnerability assessment. The results indicate that, in all limit states considered in the study, the uniform has a higher probability of exceeding the limit states than the non-uniform scenario. However, in evaluating critical scoured models, the uniformly maximum credible scoured pattern did not necessarily have a higher probability of exceeding all limit states. In other words, the non-uniform scenario, which had pier(s) with the maximum credible scour depth, had a more critical vulnerability in some limit states. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - Numerical Parametric study of Geosynthetic-Gabion Walls under Different Surcharge Loads
Mahmoud Khalatbari Abolfazl Rezaeipour Rashid Hajivand Dastgerdi Mehran Ghannad Sahand ShokriIssue 2 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022The finite element procedures are extremely useful in gaining insights into the behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls. In this study, a validated finite element procedure was used with Abaqus for conducting a series of parametric studies on the performance of gabi MoreThe finite element procedures are extremely useful in gaining insights into the behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls. In this study, a validated finite element procedure was used with Abaqus for conducting a series of parametric studies on the performance of gabion facing wall with 2m vertical spacing Geo-grid under different surcharge loadings. The performance of the wall was presented with facing horizontal deformation along wall height, and compare to centrifuge model and field measurements. The soil properties include density, Young modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and internal friction angle were among major variables of investigation. At low loading conditions, the impact of increasing density has a significantly greater effect on the deformation of the wall compared to high loads. As the loading increases, the effect of reducing the Young’s modulus on deformations decreases. Moreover, with increasing loading, the effect of deformations due to the decrease in internal friction angle increases, but the rate of this increase decreases. The influence of Poisson’s ratio on the deformation of the walls has decreased with increasing of loading. The results show that by the increase in load, even at a shallow depth, the applied stresses on the soil increase, leading to greater deformation of the soil above the wall, and the maximum magnitude is created at a higher elevation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Parametric Study of Interactions Between Liquefaction Sand Lenses and Shallow Tunnels Under Earthquake Loads
Mohammad Shabani Soltan Moradi Mohammad Azadi Homayoon JahanianIssue 2 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022If the saturated sand lenses are placed around the tunnels under the force of the earthquake, liquefaction will occur in them. This will cause settlement of the ground surface and changes in forces and anchors on the tunnel lining. For this purpose, it is important to e MoreIf the saturated sand lenses are placed around the tunnels under the force of the earthquake, liquefaction will occur in them. This will cause settlement of the ground surface and changes in forces and anchors on the tunnel lining. For this purpose, it is important to evaluate the change of different parameters of the sand lens and the change of the thickness of the tunnel lining in the part of the sand lens and the changes in the diameter and depth of the tunnel as well as the location of the sand lens considering the tunnel inside it. Therefore, this article investigates the mentioned changes in shallow tunnels in the location of sand lens in flowing soils surrounded by clay. In this article, FLAC 3D software is used to determine changes in pore water pressure and effective stress reduction after sand lens liquefaction. Based on the obtained results, if the sand lenses are placed at a depth of less than 10 meters, they increase the land surface subsidence by 36% compared to the reference model B, with an increase of 2 meters in the depth of the sand lens compared to the reference model B, the value of the maximum bending anchor and axial force on the tunnel lining increases by 35.7% and 14.4%, respectively, in the sand lens part. The findings of the present study can be very useful in the decision-making process of tunnels that are dug inside flowing sand lenses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Numerical Simulation of the Segmental Tunnels Performance in the Swelling Rocks
Arash Jeddi Rouzbeh DabiriIssue 2 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022In this research, the performance of tunnels with segmental lining in swelling rocks have been studied. In this regard, the way segments are arranged in relation to each other, how the segments are connected along the longitudinal and circumferential lines of the tunnel MoreIn this research, the performance of tunnels with segmental lining in swelling rocks have been studied. In this regard, the way segments are arranged in relation to each other, how the segments are connected along the longitudinal and circumferential lines of the tunnel, and the extent of creating the excavation wall, the effect of the thickness of the segment and the lining system, the effect of the depth of the tunnel and other details are studied. In this regard from the FLAC 3D software was used for numerical modeling. Among the important results obtained in this research, the displacements of the tunnel after applying the boundary conditions and modeling the segments and taking into account all the elements and the phenomenon of creep and surrounding stones with accurate values as the average initial displacement around the tunnel at the specified points are 4.63 mm, this displacement continues the upward trend with a steep slope for a week and increases up to 6.49 mm, and after a week, the increasing rhythm decreases and reaches 6.92 on average in 50 days, and this trend increases again. After 400 days, it reached the value of 9.85 and then the increasing rhythm decreased again, so that after 11 years, the average displacement reaches the value of 11.09, and after this period of time, the displacement of the tunnel becomes very insignificant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Modeling of Accumulated Energy Ratio (AER) for Estimating LiqueFaction Potential Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) (using data from Tabriz)
Armin Sahebkaram Alamdari Rouzbeh Dabiri Rasoul Jani Fariba Behrouz SarandIssue 2 , Vol. 11 , Autumn 2021Presenting a model specific to the city of Tabriz to estimate the liquefaction potential due to the region's seismicity and the high groundwater level can be effective in dealing with and predicting solutions to deal with this phenomenon. In recent years, the accumulati MorePresenting a model specific to the city of Tabriz to estimate the liquefaction potential due to the region's seismicity and the high groundwater level can be effective in dealing with and predicting solutions to deal with this phenomenon. In recent years, the accumulation energy ratio (AER) as a parameter for estimating the liquefaction potential in the energy-based method proposed by Kokusho (2013) has been considered by many researchers. In this research, using perceptron multilayer (MLP) and radial base function (RBF) methods in artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic expression programming (GEP), the accumulation energy ratio using seismic and geotechnical data is modeled for the city of Tabriz. These modeling’s performed by all three methods are well consistent with the outputs. Still, the modeling performed using the Perceptron Multilayer (MLP) method is very compatible with the outputs and can estimate the results with an acceptable percentage. The relationship presented by genetic expression programming (GEP), which is trained with local data, can also yield satisfactory results from estimating the rate of accumulated energy in the study area and provided an independent and accessible relationship trained. With data specific to the study area, there is another advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Mechanical Properties of Low Strength Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes
Meysam Morsali Reza FarokhzadIssue 1 , Vol. 11 , Spring 2021Nowadays, due to the increasing population and the expansion of urbanization, and consequently the need for high-rise and multi-storey buildings that , the safety and resistance of the load bearing members of the structures has become of interest to researchers. For thi MoreNowadays, due to the increasing population and the expansion of urbanization, and consequently the need for high-rise and multi-storey buildings that , the safety and resistance of the load bearing members of the structures has become of interest to researchers. For this purpose, different approaches have been proposed, including nanomaterials as a suitable and optimal method. Using nanomaterials as a percentage of cement weight improves concrete performance and increases its strength. Since these materials should be used at the beginning of concrete construction, therefore, they cannot be used in constructed structures. But a protective coating containing these nanomaterials can enhance and improve the performance of the structures, which is applicable to the fabricated structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of protective coatings with Nano silica, carbon nanotube and graphene nanomaterials. For this purpose, four thicknesses different and 2% nanomaterials different, the effect of thickness and percentage of nanomaterials were investigated. The results show that the sample containing 15% of silica with 26.74 N/mm2 has the highest effect compared to other nanomaterials. However, due to the low percentages of carbon nanotube and graphene, these materials have a significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Stress Analysis of the Scoliosis Disorder.
Fatemeh Nori Seyed Hooman GhasemiIssue 1 , Vol. 11 , Spring 2021Scoliosis is a spine irregular deviation, which known an idiopathic ailment among children and adolescents. Indeed, applyingloads on the human spine and the capacity of the vertebral column should be tretated as random variables. The main gola of thisstudy is to compare MoreScoliosis is a spine irregular deviation, which known an idiopathic ailment among children and adolescents. Indeed, applyingloads on the human spine and the capacity of the vertebral column should be tretated as random variables. The main gola of thisstudy is to compare the maximum stress caused by weight load of a norm al and scoliosis spinal. To do so, the numerical analyses associated with the inherent random parameters of bones and applied load are performed. Accordingly, the maximum stress for all vertebrae and discs are computed. The maximum stress intensity in the cortical tissue, cancellous tissue and discs was identified. The location of the maximum stresses quantify which vertebrae and discs may get damaged and needed reinforcement and this can provide a model for predicting the location of spinal cord injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Conceptual Analysis and Design and Experimental Construction of a Portable Emergency Relief Bridge
Ehsan Soltani Shahrokh RezaeiIssue 2 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022For a long time, our country has faced natural disasters. In recent years, it has imposed various levels of damages on the country, including those caused by wars (military maneuvers) and natural disasters (earthquakes such as Rudbar Manjil, Bam, and Azgeleh), and flood MoreFor a long time, our country has faced natural disasters. In recent years, it has imposed various levels of damages on the country, including those caused by wars (military maneuvers) and natural disasters (earthquakes such as Rudbar Manjil, Bam, and Azgeleh), and floods in cities and regions). Every year, severe floods, hurricanes, explosions, and terrorist attacks cause great suffering for millions worldwide. In a disaster, whether natural or humanitarian, it is vital to provide immediate help to those affected, but relief can often be severely interrupted, significantly if the infrastructure is damaged and the transport network is disrupted. Here, the bridge will be constructed from nonidentical prefabricated elements based on modularity. Construction of modules and final assembly is done off-site (in a factory). Because it can be deployed on-site, it transported the completed bridge in a compact form. SAP2000 software evaluated an emergency bridge's seismic design and performance using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis to save lives in the shortest amount of time, cost, construction, and installation, while also considering the structure's performance. Also, its portability is the goal of this structure. In this system, space structures were used to design the project, absorbing much energy outside their elastic range and was innovative. As a result, the ultimate bearing capacity of the space trusses will depend on the structure's geometry, the position of the supports, and the displacement load response of each member. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Seismic Fragility Analysis of RC Continuous Girder Bridges Using Artificial Neural Network
Alireza Yazdankhah Araliya Mosleh Fatemeh Pouran Manjily Mehran SeyedrazzaghiIssue 1 , Vol. 12 , Spring 2023This research aims to develop seismic fragility curves for small- and medium-sized concrete bridges. Fragility curves were generated as a function of the probability of reaching or exceeding a specific limit state in terms of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and accel MoreThis research aims to develop seismic fragility curves for small- and medium-sized concrete bridges. Fragility curves were generated as a function of the probability of reaching or exceeding a specific limit state in terms of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and acceleration spectral intensity (ASI). To this end, a hybrid dataset of the seismic performances of bridges was prepared by combining the results of numerical analyses and neural predictions. Three-dimensional finite-element models for 1032 bridge-earthquake cases were created, considering the nonlinear behavior of critical bridge components. In addition, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks were employed to simulate artificial earthquake-bridge performance scenarios. The yield stress of reinforcing bars (Fy), the bridge height (H) as well as PGA and ASI, were considered as the input vectors of the artificial neural networks (ANN). The results of this study revealed that MLP neural networks are capable of simulating the seismic performances of bridges appropriately. It was also shown that providing a hybrid dataset of numerical results and neural predictions could lead to the fragility curves of higher correlation coefficients. The results also presented that the PGA-based fragility curves had better correlation coefficients comparing to ASI-based ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Equivalent Viscous Damping in Steel Structures Equipped with Dampers.
Seyed Behdad Alehojjat Omid Bahar Masood YakhchalianIssue 2 , Vol. 11 , Autumn 2021Determination of equivalent viscous damping (EVD) is an important step in the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method. This study aims to investigate whether the proposed method used in the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure, according to ASCE/SEI 7, for th MoreDetermination of equivalent viscous damping (EVD) is an important step in the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method. This study aims to investigate whether the proposed method used in the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure, according to ASCE/SEI 7, for the calculation of effective damping in steel structures equipped with fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) can be used in the DDBD method. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this method, modified Jacobsen’s method and the approach used in Pennucci et al.’s study are applied to determine the EVD. At first, a set of steel structures with different heights and bays are designed for 0.75, 0.85 and 1.0 of the design base shears based on the primary calculation of the ELF procedure and then nonlinear time history analyses are carried out to determine the dampers constants and the EVD at two seismic hazard levels, i.e., design earthquake (DE) and maximum considered earthquake (MCE). According to the obtained results for the EVD, it is found that the obtained results in the ELF procedure has acceptably matched with Pennucci et al.’s approach. On the other hand, there are some differences between the obtained results and those obtained from modified Jacobsen’s method. Therefore, the ELF proposed equation for calculating EVD can be used in the DDBD method in mid-rise steel structures equipped with FVDs to accurately determine the EVD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Compressive Strength and Ductility of Concrete Wrapped by CFRP
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia Behzad Saeedi Razavi Hamid Reza DarvishvandIssue 2 , Vol. 11 , Autumn 2021Existing reinforced concrete (RC) columns may be structurally deficient due to variety of reasons such as improper transverse reinforcement, flaws in structural design, insufficient load carrying capacity, etc. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new generation of mater MoreExisting reinforced concrete (RC) columns may be structurally deficient due to variety of reasons such as improper transverse reinforcement, flaws in structural design, insufficient load carrying capacity, etc. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new generation of materials which illustrates in order to enhance concrete compressive strength and ductility. Among the FRP types, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is more common. CFRP can be effectively used for strengthening and confinement the deficient RC columns. This research conducts to evaluate the behavior of this fiber in improvement of aforementioned quantities. In this investigation, three categories of compressive strength of concrete were selected. The samples were warped with 0, 1, 3, and 5 layers of CFRP were subjected under stress-strain tests. The results display that carbon fiber is more effective in enhancing the compressive strength and ductility. Fiber performance is more effective on low-strength concretes, and its effective role decreases with increasing the number of layers. Manuscript profile