بررسی خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی عصاره گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea) و شناسایی ترکیبات آن با کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC-MS)
محورهای موضوعی :
علوم و صنایع غذایی
متینه قائدان
1
(
دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
)
نفیسه زمین دار
2
(
دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
)
محمد گلی
3
(
دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی و مرکز تحقیقات لیزر و بیوفوتونیک در فناوری‌های زیستی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
)
نفیسه قاسمی سپرو
4
(
دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01
کلید واژه:
سرخارگل,
کروماتوگرافی گازی,
آنتی اکسیدانی,
آنتی میکروبی,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea) به‌عنوان ضدعفونی کننده، تقویت کننده سیستم ایمنی، ضدمیکروبو آنتی‌اکسیدانبه‌کار می رود. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی عصاره گیاه سرخارگل بود. در این پژوهش استخراج عصاره هیدروالکلی از اندام هوایی به روش غرقابی و با کمک حمام اولتراسونیک انجام شد. خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنول کل و DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) اندازه‌گیری و خاصیت ضدمیکروبی عصاره گیاه با استفاده از روش انتشار چاهک بررسی شد. شناسایی اجزای عصاره با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی (Gas chromatography-mass) GC-MS انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و با آزمون‌های آماری دانکن تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. عصاره گیاه از ترکیبات فنولی خوبی برخوردار بود و DPPH عصاره در غلظت‌های (22/0، 25/0، 27/0، 31/0، 35/0، 41/0، 5/0) آزمایش شد وغلظت 50 IC (Half maximal inhibitory concentration) نشان‌دهنده درصد بازدارندگی مناسب این عصاره بود. قطر هاله عدم رشد (میانگین و انحراف معیار) استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس 24/1 ± 67/4، اشریشیا کولای 84/0 ± 11/3 و آسپرژیلوس نایجر 89/0 ± 78/1 میلی‌متر برآورد شد. کروماتوگرافی گازی در مجموع 38/81 درصد اجزای عصاره را شناسایی کرد که بیشترین ترکیبات جرماکرن دی (67/21 درصد)، پاراسیمن (53/5 درصد) و آلفا هومولن (89/4 درصد) بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان دادکه عصاره گیاه سرخارگل از اثرات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی برخوردار می‌باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging of the extract were measured. Antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed using well-diffusion method. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Duncan's statistical test. The plant extract showed high level of phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging of the extract was tested at concentrations of 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.35, 0.41, 0.50 g/ml. The concentration of IC50 indicated sufficient inhibitory potential of the extract. The diameter (means ± SD) of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was estimated at 4.67 ± 1.24, 3.11 ± 0.84 and 1.78 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. Based on well-diffusion assay, S. aureus was found more sensitive than E. coli, and E. coli was more sensitive than A. niger. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 81.38% of the total extract compounds were identified. Important components of the extract consisted of germacrene D (21.67%), paracetamol (5.53%), Bernoulli (4.58%), respectively. The results showed that Echinacea extract had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aarland, R.C., Banuelos-Hernandez, A.E., Fragoso-Serrano, M., Sierra-Palacios, E.D.C., Díaz de León-Sánchez, F., Pérez-Flores, L.J. et al., (2017). Studies on phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and antiproliferative activities of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1): 649–656.
Ahmad, E., Wahab, SH., Nisar, N., Dera, A.A., Alshahrani,Y., Abullias, S.S. et al., (2020). Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Matricaria aurea on clinical isolates of periodontitis patients with special reference to red complex bacteria. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(10): 1203–1209.
Akhzari, A., Nasrollai, Z., Yazdanpanah,Y., Abolhasani, A. and Abolhasani, H. (2021). Antifungal evaluation of aqueous and ehanolic extract of Iranian Dandelion root, compared with fluconazole and nystatin. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 15(1): 20-27. [In Persian]
Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Vasiee, A. and Mortazavi, S.A. (2018). Oliveria decumbens essential oil: chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some clinical and standard strains causing infection. Microbial Pathogenesis, 114:449-452.
Andargani, S., Jamshidi, S. and Orei, M. (2014). Antibacterial effect of flower essential oil and extract of Echinacea on Pectobacterium caratovorum Caratovorum in laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Disease Research, 2(2): 25-34. [In Persian]
Billah, M.M., Hosen, M.B., Khan, F. and Niaz, K. (2019). In: Nabavi, S.M. and Sanches Siva, A. (Editors), Nonvitamin and nonmineral nutritional supplements. 1st Edition, Charlotte Cockle, London, pp. 205–210.
Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3): 223-253.
Debalk, D., Birhan, M., Kinubeh, A. and Yayeh, M. (2018). Assessments of antibacterial effects of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Sida rhombifolia’s aerial part. The Scientific World Journal, DOI: 10.1155/Sci. World J.2018.8429809.
Gadjalova, A.V. and Mihaylova, D.S. (2019). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of medicinal plants and evaluation of their biological activity. Food Research, 3(5): 530 -
Gajalakshmi, S., Vijayalakshmi, S. and Devirajeswari, V. (2012). Echinacea purpurea-A potent immunostimulant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 14(2):47-52.
Ghanadi,, Zolfaghari, B. and Shamashian, S. (2011). Necessity, importance and applications of traditional medicine knowledge in different nations. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 2(2):161-176. [In Persian]
Hassan, R.A., Ali, S.M., Mohamed, A.H. and Hamed. S.E. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. extracts. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 11(10):279-283.
Izadi, Z. and Mirazi, N. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea L. on a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Armaghane-Danesh, 25(2): 162-180. [In Persian]
Jukić, H., Habeš, S., Aldžić, A., Durgo, K. and Kosalec, I. (2015). Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds of the extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.). Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 44:43-52.
Kembuan, G., Lie, W. and Tumimomor, A.H. (2020). Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4(9):13-17.
Keskes,, Belhadj, S., Jlail, L., El Feki, A., Damak, M., Sayadi, S. et al., (2017). LC-MS–MS and GC-MS analyses of biologically active extracts and fractions from Tunisian Juniperus phoenice leaves. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1):88-95.
Landy, N., Ghalamkari, G.H., Toghyani, M. and Moattar, F. (2011) .The effects of Echinacea purpurea L. (purple coneflower) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immune response in broiler chickens. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11): 2332-2338.
Lee, T., Chen, C., Shieh, Z., Lin, J. and Yu, B. (2009(. Study on antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea extracts and its impact on cell viability. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (19): 5097-5105.
Polatoglu, K., Demirci, F., Demirci,, Gören, N. and Başer, K.H. )2010.( Antibacterial activity and the variation of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip essential oils from Turkey. Journal of Oleo Science, 59(4): 177-184.
Sandri, I.G., Zacaria, J., Fracaro,, Delamare, A.P.L. and Echeverrigaray, S. )2007(. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Brazilian species of the genus Culina against foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. Food Chemistry, 103(3):823-828.
Stanisavljevic, I., Stojicevic, S., Velickovic, D., Veljkovic, V. and Lazic, M. (2009). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound extraction. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17(3): 478-483.
Thappa, R.K., Bakshi, S.K., Dhar, P.L., Agarwa, S.G., Kitchlu,, Kaul, M.K. et al., (2004). Quantitation analysis of polysaccharids and glycoprotein fractions in Echinaceae purpurea and Echinaceae anngustifolia by HPLC-ELSD for quality control of raw material. Flavour and Fragrance Journal,19: 452-454.
Yahya, M., Shah, J.A., Kadir, K.A., Yusof, Z.M., Khan, S. and Warsi, A. (2019). Motion capture sensing techniques used in human upper limb motion: a review. Sensor Review, 39(4): 504-511.
_||_
Aarland, R.C., Banuelos-Hernandez, A.E., Fragoso-Serrano, M., Sierra-Palacios, E.D.C., Díaz de León-Sánchez, F., Pérez-Flores, L.J. et al., (2017). Studies on phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and antiproliferative activities of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1): 649–656.
Ahmad, E., Wahab, SH., Nisar, N., Dera, A.A., Alshahrani,Y., Abullias, S.S. et al., (2020). Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Matricaria aurea on clinical isolates of periodontitis patients with special reference to red complex bacteria. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(10): 1203–1209.
Akhzari, A., Nasrollai, Z., Yazdanpanah,Y., Abolhasani, A. and Abolhasani, H. (2021). Antifungal evaluation of aqueous and ehanolic extract of Iranian Dandelion root, compared with fluconazole and nystatin. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 15(1): 20-27. [In Persian]
Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Vasiee, A. and Mortazavi, S.A. (2018). Oliveria decumbens essential oil: chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some clinical and standard strains causing infection. Microbial Pathogenesis, 114:449-452.
Andargani, S., Jamshidi, S. and Orei, M. (2014). Antibacterial effect of flower essential oil and extract of Echinacea on Pectobacterium caratovorum Caratovorum in laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Disease Research, 2(2): 25-34. [In Persian]
Billah, M.M., Hosen, M.B., Khan, F. and Niaz, K. (2019). In: Nabavi, S.M. and Sanches Siva, A. (Editors), Nonvitamin and nonmineral nutritional supplements. 1st Edition, Charlotte Cockle, London, pp. 205–210.
Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3): 223-253.
Debalk, D., Birhan, M., Kinubeh, A. and Yayeh, M. (2018). Assessments of antibacterial effects of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Sida rhombifolia’s aerial part. The Scientific World Journal, DOI: 10.1155/Sci. World J.2018.8429809.
Gadjalova, A.V. and Mihaylova, D.S. (2019). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of medicinal plants and evaluation of their biological activity. Food Research, 3(5): 530 -
Gajalakshmi, S., Vijayalakshmi, S. and Devirajeswari, V. (2012). Echinacea purpurea-A potent immunostimulant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 14(2):47-52.
Ghanadi,, Zolfaghari, B. and Shamashian, S. (2011). Necessity, importance and applications of traditional medicine knowledge in different nations. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 2(2):161-176. [In Persian]
Hassan, R.A., Ali, S.M., Mohamed, A.H. and Hamed. S.E. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. extracts. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 11(10):279-283.
Izadi, Z. and Mirazi, N. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea L. on a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Armaghane-Danesh, 25(2): 162-180. [In Persian]
Jukić, H., Habeš, S., Aldžić, A., Durgo, K. and Kosalec, I. (2015). Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds of the extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.). Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 44:43-52.
Kembuan, G., Lie, W. and Tumimomor, A.H. (2020). Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4(9):13-17.
Keskes,, Belhadj, S., Jlail, L., El Feki, A., Damak, M., Sayadi, S. et al., (2017). LC-MS–MS and GC-MS analyses of biologically active extracts and fractions from Tunisian Juniperus phoenice leaves. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1):88-95.
Landy, N., Ghalamkari, G.H., Toghyani, M. and Moattar, F. (2011) .The effects of Echinacea purpurea L. (purple coneflower) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immune response in broiler chickens. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11): 2332-2338.
Lee, T., Chen, C., Shieh, Z., Lin, J. and Yu, B. (2009(. Study on antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea extracts and its impact on cell viability. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (19): 5097-5105.
Polatoglu, K., Demirci, F., Demirci,, Gören, N. and Başer, K.H. )2010.( Antibacterial activity and the variation of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip essential oils from Turkey. Journal of Oleo Science, 59(4): 177-184.
Sandri, I.G., Zacaria, J., Fracaro,, Delamare, A.P.L. and Echeverrigaray, S. )2007(. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Brazilian species of the genus Culina against foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. Food Chemistry, 103(3):823-828.
Stanisavljevic, I., Stojicevic, S., Velickovic, D., Veljkovic, V. and Lazic, M. (2009). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound extraction. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17(3): 478-483.
Thappa, R.K., Bakshi, S.K., Dhar, P.L., Agarwa, S.G., Kitchlu,, Kaul, M.K. et al., (2004). Quantitation analysis of polysaccharids and glycoprotein fractions in Echinaceae purpurea and Echinaceae anngustifolia by HPLC-ELSD for quality control of raw material. Flavour and Fragrance Journal,19: 452-454.
Yahya, M., Shah, J.A., Kadir, K.A., Yusof, Z.M., Khan, S. and Warsi, A. (2019). Motion capture sensing techniques used in human upper limb motion: a review. Sensor Review, 39(4): 504-511.
