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Open Access Article
1 - Antifungal activity of nine plant extracts on tobacco Sore Shin disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
Sayed Afshin Sajjadi Gholam Reza Moradi Hoda Assemi Farhad Naghizadeh Faramarz Rostami Mohammad Akbarzadeh Mohammad Reza Najafi Zeinolabedin ShahadatimoghaddamTobacco Sore Shin disease, Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important agent with worldwide and causes yield losses in tobacco growing countries. This research has conducted with two targets, thestudy of antifungal activity of plant extracts on this pathogen MoreTobacco Sore Shin disease, Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important agent with worldwide and causes yield losses in tobacco growing countries. This research has conducted with two targets, thestudy of antifungal activity of plant extracts on this pathogen and screened the best solvent to extract. In this study, crude extracts of 9 plant species including: Catmint (Nepeta Cataria), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thyme (Thymus pubescens) , Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar), Nepeta (Mentha pulegium) , hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Blam (Melissa angustifolious), Salvia (Salvia verticilata) and Badrashbi (Dracocephalum kotschyi) by using solvents, water, acetone , hexane, ethanol , and methanol were obtained. Antifungal activity of this compound, were tested using poisoned food method with concenterations of 0.1000 and 2000 ppm invitro landifious. Results indicated that crude extracts of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, Hyssop and badrashbi have remarkable antifungal activity. Methanol was the best solvent to extract these compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, badrashbi, and Hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively when on this fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is likely possible to use plant extracts of these plants, especially N. cataria, N. tabacum and T. pubescens, for the control of tobacco sore shine disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effects of ethanolic extracts of Rubia tinctorum, Ferula gummosa and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hem.: Miridae) on sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), and comparison with Spirotetrmat
فاطمه Goroohi S. Imani M. A. Samih B. PanahiThe efficiency of plant extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) and Ferula gummosa Boiss(Apiaceae) and release of the mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Miridae) were compared with Espirotermat to control sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hem: Aleyrodid MoreThe efficiency of plant extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) and Ferula gummosa Boiss(Apiaceae) and release of the mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Miridae) were compared with Espirotermat to control sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hem: Aleyrodidae) in semi-field conditions. LC50 of plant extracts and pesticide for sweet potato whitefly was calculated. In the main experiment, plant extracts and pesticides were sprayed on tomato plants in cages covered with mesh fabric. LC50 values of pesticides and plant extracts were sprayed on plants. Nymph of mirids was hanged to plant tomatoes. Subsequent days after treatment, number of sweet potato whitefly was counted. The experiments were carried out at 25 ±5 °C, 50±5 RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). LC50 of R. tinctorum and F. gummosa extracts as well as Espirotermat was 22.359, 45.641 and 0.404 mg/ml, respectively. Post density decreased R. tinctorum and F. gummosa extracts, Spirotermat and the mird bug 86.54, 83.73, 89.16 and 87.67 percent pf egg stage, 80.20, 76.28, 82.56 and 79.38 percent of nymphal stage, 80.66, 75.26, 85.89 and 81.86 percent of total immature stages as well as 81.89, 79.49, 84.85 and 81.98 of total nymphal stages. Findings from experiments could be promising for further studies on plant extract of Rubia tinctorum and the mirid bug as on alternative to chemical pesticides in natural conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of some pesticides and plant extracts on survival period and reproductive parameters of, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neu. Chrysopidae)
M. K. Irannejad M. A. SamihFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigam MoreFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigamander Teucrium polium (Labiatae), Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae) and Thymus vulgaris L. (Labiatae) were evaluated on survival rate and reproductive parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in controlled condition. For this purpose, 154 fresh eggs and 40 third instar larvae treated by dipping and tapical application method respectively. The life duration of the predator on eggs treated on T. vulgaris, F. parviflora, hexaflumuron, spirodiclofen, pymetrozin, T. polium, C. procera treatments and controlplots (water & Aceton) were 69, 78, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 106 days respectively. It showed that the T. vulgaris had the lowest and the C. procera had the highest survival period. Also the maximum survival period of adults belonged toC. procera treatment (83 day)and the minimum to T. vulgaris(47 days).The maximum fecundity of females was519.59 eggs in pymetrozinand the minimum was 231.10 eggs in T. vulgaris. Also the fertility rates were 6.15 and 2.93 egg/female/day for spirodiclofen and T. vulgaris respectively. Extracts of C. procera are the best choices for some IPM programs because of their relative immunity on C. carnea as a biological control agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - An Overview of Bioherbicides
Rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour zariniThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed MoreThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed problem on one hand but also destroy the environment and caused some human health impacts on the other hand. Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. Of the array of bioherbicides currently available, the most successful products appear to be sourced from fungi (mycoherbicides), with at least 16 products being developed for commercial use globally. Over the last few decades, bioherbicides sourced from bacteria and plant extracts (such as allelochemicals and essential oils), together with viruses, have also shown marked success in controlling various weeds. Despite this encouraging trend, ongoing research is still required for these compounds to be economically viable and successful in the long term. This review will explain the importance and impacts of the bioherbicides by elaborating the constraints which this approach is facing in its production and application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Overview of Bioherbicides
Rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour zariniThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed MoreThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed problem on one hand but also destroy the environment and caused some human health impacts on the other hand. Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. Of the array of bioherbicides currently available, the most successful products appear to be sourced from fungi (mycoherbicides), with at least 16 products being developed for commercial use globally. Over the last few decades, bioherbicides sourced from bacteria and plant extracts (such as allelochemicals and essential oils), together with viruses, have also shown marked success in controlling various weeds. Despite this encouraging trend, ongoing research is still required for these compounds to be economically viable and successful in the long term. This review will explain the importance and impacts of the bioherbicides by elaborating the constraints which this approach is facing in its production and application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study of effect of methanol extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and liquid smoke from tobacco waste on Inhibitionof Tobacco Fusarium wiltof pathogen fungi
seyd afshin sajadiTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biologi MoreTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biological control, and use of plant extracts is done. The use of plant extracts for management of this disease is preferable because pesticides are expensive and may pollute the environment. This design investigated the inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae the cause of tobacco collar rot and selection of a suitable concentration is performed in the laboratory in Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2018. The plants (Garlic and Cinnamon) were extracted with methanol and liquid smoke used in this study was obtained from the pyrolysis of tobacco waste. Tobacco waste was pyrolyzed in furnace in the absence of oxygen and smoke was converted to liquid smoke with cold water. This study were carried out in factorial with three factors including: crude extracts (Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste) and 6 concentration (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm) based on Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extracts was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated that crude extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste (liquid smoke) have remarkable antifungal activity. With increasing concentrations of plant extracts, inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of fungal F. o f. sp. nicotianae increased. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liquid smoke of tobacco waste and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon on tobacco Fusarium wilt of against fungiwere equal to 2000, 4000 and 4000 ppm, respectively. The liquid smoke of tobacco waste at concentrations greater than 2000 ppm has fungicide and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon at concentrations greater than 4000 ppm has fungistate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A review of the use of plant extracts to control melanosis in farmed shrimp
M. SeifzadehShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such MoreShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such as sodium metabisulfite. However, the use of synthetic inhibitors for melanosis and antioxidants in food processing is usually limited by considerations related to safety and impact on food quality. Thus, over the last decade, the trend towards studies on the use of natural extracts to control shrimp melanosis has increased. Data from some articles published by ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Scopus databases on the occurrence of melanin black pigment in shrimp skin were used. The shrimps were dipped in extracts and stored in ice or refrigerator. In Iran, only the effects of grape seed extract to prevent melanosis have been studied. Some studies have reported higher effects of plant extracts such as Garcinia cowa Roxb, Persicaria Odorata, rosemary, green tea, avocado, Arabic coffee grounds, and chamomile than sodium bisulfite. Some researchers have described the effects of extracts such as olive, rosemary, and thyme along with metabisulfite in preventing melanosis more than metabisulfite alone. Plant extracts were effective in reducing black spots in shrimp for 2-28 days. Studies have shown that plant extracts can act as antioxidants and be an effective natural alternative to inhibit melanosis after shrimp death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Screening Some Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Alternaria sesami, the Causal Agent of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Sesame
Masoud ZakerNatural plant extracts / products have the potential as safe alternatives for chemical fungicides in plant disease management. Methanol and pure methanol: water (50:50 v/v) extracts of peppermint, lavandula, eucalyptus, datura and nettle were screened for their antifung MoreNatural plant extracts / products have the potential as safe alternatives for chemical fungicides in plant disease management. Methanol and pure methanol: water (50:50 v/v) extracts of peppermint, lavandula, eucalyptus, datura and nettle were screened for their antifungal activity against Alternaria sesami, the causal agent of Alternaria leaf spot of sesame at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations in Shahrood Agricultural Research Center, Shahrood, Iran, during 2010. Poisoned food technique and spore germination assay were used to evaluate the antifungal potential of plant extracts against the pathogen. Fungicide mancozeb 80WP (0.2%) was used for better comparison. Results indicated that methanolic extracts of peppermint (15 and 10%), lavandula (15%) and eucalyptus (15%) were more effective than methanol: water extracts and completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen. Among tested extracts, methanolic extracts of peppermint (15%) and eucalyptus (15%) were best in preventing the spore germination of the pathogen (P =0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of N, Fe and Zn Nutrition on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth and Fruit Quality of Grapevine (Vitis viniferea L.)
Marjan Ashoori Abolfazl Lolaei Ahmad Ershadi Manocher Kolhar Amin RasoliThis Research aimed to study on effect of foliar spraying with zinc (as zinc sulphate), nitrogen (as urea) and iron (as sulphate and chelated Fe) on growth parameters, quality of fruit, flower characteristics, chemical constituents and nutrients content of leaves on gra MoreThis Research aimed to study on effect of foliar spraying with zinc (as zinc sulphate), nitrogen (as urea) and iron (as sulphate and chelated Fe) on growth parameters, quality of fruit, flower characteristics, chemical constituents and nutrients content of leaves on grapevine. Applied nutrients were zinc sulphate (Zn) of 0.0 and 1.5gl-1 and urea (N) at 0.0 and 5 gl-1 and Fe (1) control (low Fe), (2) Fe (III) -chelate 3mgl-1, (3) 20 g/ per tree soil application and (4) Fe sulfate (FeSO4) 3mgl-1 which were applied both alone and in combinations with each other as foliar spraying. In a pot experiment, effects of N, Zn and Fe fertilizer were evaluated on concentrations of Fe, N and Zn in leaves, yield and the fruit quality of grape (Vitis viniferea). Results showed that application of urea and Zn and Fe increased vegetative growth and length of young branch. Highest size of berry achieved in N2=5 gl-1× Zn=1.5 mg l-1 × Fe=chelates Fe 3 mg l-1. Nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) and zink (Zn) are essential element in grape vine causes increased contain N, Zn and Fe on leaves. Also results showed N Fe had significant difference (p £ 0.05) on quality and quantity (?) characters in grape vine, Zn and Fe have no significant difference (p £ 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Quality Profiling and Estimation of Total Phenols, Flavonoids, Flavonols and Antioxidative Potential of Walnut Kernel (Juglans regia) from Kashmir Valley
Ruhee Jan Tabassum Ara Javid Iqbal Mir -
Open Access Article
11 - Antifungal activity of some plant extracts on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot
Afshin Sajjadi Gholamreza Moradi1 Farhad Naghizadeh Zeinolabedin Shahadati Moghaddam Faramarz Rostami Mohammad Akbarzadeh Hoda Assemi Mohammadreza NajjafiFungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, MoreFungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, biological control, plant extracts and oils, etc. Application of plant extracts is preferable for management of this disease because chemical pesticides are expensive and pollute the environment. In order to evaluate in vitro inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot, and selection a suitable extract solvent, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Tirtash Research and Education Center laboratory in 2012. Factors were crude extracts at nine levels (extracts of nine plant species), solvent at five levels (water, acetone, hexzan, ethanol and methanol) and cocentration at three levels (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated remarkable antifungal activity of crude extracts of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, hyssop and badrashbi on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Methanol was the best solvent to extract antifungal compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, badrashbi and hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg.ml-1, respectively. Manuscript profile
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