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Open Access Article
1 - Studying factors affecting communication skills in government organizations
Davood KiakojouriOrganizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the MoreOrganizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the people of the group or their peers at different levels. establish that this research is a mixed research design of an exploratory type, so quantitative and qualitative data are combined with each other by the method of connecting data, that is, connecting two sets of data by building one on the basis of the other. In the following, using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 15 managers of the national sample using the snowball interview technique, and after theoretical ghosting, the collected data sets were organized using MAXQDA10 software and coding techniques. Then, for scaling, the calculation of face validity, content validity (CVR) and (CVI) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used, and by distributing 500 questionnaires among 25 executive bodies of Gilan province and collecting 429 questionnaires, hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation method. Conducting and confirming all hypotheses and the final research model for the communication skills of managers in government organizations including information exchange, feedback, situational, technology application, analytical-perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and social skills were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Interpreting the words of the law towards justice
mohammad khakbazFrom one point of view¸ sciences are divided in to two categories : 1- sciences that are sacred in themselves and brung man to perfection like the Quran¸ Ethics and Etc 2- sciences that arent sacred in themselves but it is valuable if it serves humanity. law and medicin MoreFrom one point of view¸ sciences are divided in to two categories : 1- sciences that are sacred in themselves and brung man to perfection like the Quran¸ Ethics and Etc 2- sciences that arent sacred in themselves but it is valuable if it serves humanity. law and medicine are in the second category.The art of the lawyer is that interpret and execute the words and materials of the law in such a way that justice be done not that the implementation of the law itself will destroy justice . During the rule of no harm, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) interpreted and performed the hadith of domination in such a way that any misuse of the words of this hadith was denied by Samra Ibn Jundab And made it clear to law students that they were not confined to the terms of the law. The interpretation of the law towards justice has always been emphasized by the elders of law, provided that it must be within the framework of correct legal principles. The author of the article has done a lot of research on this view for many years. In the books of practical treatise on penalty clause, the three-volume course of commutative justice and the rule of balance and other writings Details, conditions and effects of the theory according to which Instead of paying attention to and enforcing the law, pay more attention to the spirit and purpose of law and justice And along with that, we have brought jurisprudential, legal and judicial documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Principle-Appearance Priority According to Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Applicable Law
Abolfazl Alishahi Ghalehjoughi Somayeh Najafi KashkouliOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates MoreOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates from proof. On the other hand, principle is a means to resolve conflict and confusion, without trying to discover the facts and without giving rise to any doubt about them. Many scholars use the doctrine of priority of valid presumptions over principles to resolve such conflict, based on which they give priority to principle. How some give priority to principles over presumptions. The law, influenced by Islamic jurisprudence, gives priority to valid presumptions over principles in case of applicable law too, which is quite natural given the law, follows the Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, this research sought to study the concept and discuss the relevant basic arguments to question such rule overall and to answer the question whether appearance or principle must be given priority by a lawyer or judge when faced by appearance-principle conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Child friendly Cities care city as a tools of eliminating child deprivation
azadeh hajizadeh Rahim Sarvar abdolreza farajiradToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In th MoreToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In this regard, when there is no attention to children, their software and hard ware needs, so the future of their lives is pndangered. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the child s deprivation in shiraz and the impact of city building elements on moderating the effects of urban deprivation of children. The research methodology of this paper is descrivptive analytical in parallel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analysis of the relationship between visual appearance and behavior of citizens (Case study: Ardabil city)
ahmad aftab Ebrahim Alipourthe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between visual appearance and behavior of citizens is the emphasis on the Ardabil. The study type was applied and the descriptive-analytical and correlation method was applied. Accordingly, the data collected through Morethe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between visual appearance and behavior of citizens is the emphasis on the Ardabil. The study type was applied and the descriptive-analytical and correlation method was applied. Accordingly, the data collected through questionnaires in a sample size of 50 directors, assistants and technicians working in the field of architecture, urban planning and beautification of Ardabil Town Hall and Ardabil faculty. And analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical software has been The results show that the visual appearance and comfort of the city and there is a positive relationship. The results of multiple regression analysis, we can conclude that the visual appearance of indicators greater impact on peace with 0.533 to 0.128 citizens and the least impact on the orientation of the city is. What citizens expect from Ardabil supplying the visual appearance of peace, security, and help prevent Vandalism in orientation and ongoing reforms in the city of Ardabil, urban landscape identity to the place of religious, cultural and tourism to be tailored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - "Investigation of the relationship of al-Haqiqah al-Muhammadiyah with ProphetMuhammad in the school of Ibn Arabi based on the interpretation of the comme
seyedeh zahra Mousavi baygi Seyyed Mortaza Hosseini Shahrudi Abbas javareshkianOne of the basic topics in theoretical mysticism and especially in Muhyiddin'sreadingisthe question of the truth of Muhammad.Becauseof the mediationof this all-encompassingtruth, between therightand the people, he has a relationshipwith the right and a relationshipwith MoreOne of the basic topics in theoretical mysticism and especially in Muhyiddin'sreadingisthe question of the truth of Muhammad.Becauseof the mediationof this all-encompassingtruth, between therightand the people, he has a relationshipwith the right and a relationshipwith the people.The connectionbetweentheMuhammadan truth and creation canbe examined fromvarious dimensions,one of the most important of which inIbn Arabi's thought can be considered the connectionbetween the MuhammadantruthandMuhammad,thelast prophet of God.The current study,whichis written in analytical way, triesto answer the question,"What is therelationship between Muhammad'struth and Muhammad inthe Muhyiddin school?"Is the Prophetmanifestationof the progress of the Muhammadan truth or is he the physicaland at the same timeuniquemanifestationof thisall-encompassing truth? Basedon the author's induction,despite the existence ofnumerousreferencesto theanswer to the above-mentioned question in the worksof the Sheikhand his first-classcommentators, there is noclarification on this matter,but in the worksof hislate followers,two different viewshave beenpresented;Some believe that the relationshipbetween theMuhammadan truth and the ProphetMuhammadisanexclusiverelationship, while another groupbelieves that the Muhammadantruth has manyexamples and,accordingly,itsphysical manifestation isnot exclusive to the Prophet Muhammad.The result of the investigations carried out in this research is that, based on the expressions of Ibn Arabi,theSheikh'sviewshould be considered as the first reading, that is, the existence of a special and exclusive relationship betweentheMuhammadan truth and the last prophet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of Arsenic Anomalies and Its Probable Origins in Maragheh Plain
shahram baikpour Zahra ArghavanBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical MoreBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical relations between these parameters and Probable Origins of contamination. Methods: In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and evaluate the controlling processes and to determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 34 wells were selected for sampling from July 2014 and April 2015and water quality parameters were measured and sent to the Laboratory Applied Research Center of Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (Elburz). Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and Factor Analysis & Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is controlled by several processes such as mineral dissolution, increasing evaporation from the aquifer, irrigation return flow, saline water intrusion in the Ajbashir Plain, geological status of the area, anthropogenic inputs. Discussion and Conclusion: The concentration of arsenic based on WHO standard is 10μg/L, while the maximum arsenic concentration in the study area is 308.5μg/L and the mean concentration is 44μg/L. According to the results, it relies that arsenic probable sources can be concerned to industrial waste water in Maragheh and Bonab industrial complex, agricultural activities (using pesticides and insecticides) and geological factors (existence of Shemshak formation), rocks and sediments derived from the erosion of these rocks and coal mines (Khormazard). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of some physical & chemical properties of water of Khersan River & analysis the statistical relations thereof
Majid Abbaspour Amir Hossein Javid Ali Mashinchian avin habibiBackground and Objective: This article with the purpose of investigation on some physicochemical properties of Khersan River has been accomplished. These parameters are including: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxyge MoreBackground and Objective: This article with the purpose of investigation on some physicochemical properties of Khersan River has been accomplished. These parameters are including: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Electrical Conductivity, Chlorophyll a, Turbidity and finally analysis of statistical relations between this parameters were developed. Method: To perform the tests and determine the parameters we had 12 months sampling at 6 stations. Sampling methods and performing of examinations was in accordance with Standards method. Qualitative & quantitative variations were studied during a year and finally, data analysis through SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient test were performed. Findings: The highest temperature was in station No. 1 in July 32.5 º C and the lowest was in station No. 4 in February 9.2 º C, the most electrical conductivity is related to station No. 2 in August 672 µ mhos cm-1 and the lowest was in station No. 1 in March 262 µ mhos cm-1. Discussion and conclusion: According to Iranian DOE quality standard chart of state rivers' water, the range of changes in dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen in water is in optimum extent. But, Biochemical Oxygen Demand of water is in maximum permitted amount. There are meaningful relations in confidence extent of P<0.05 or P<0.01 between some studied parameters from statistical relations point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Elimination of lead using adsorption by pear peel
Maryam Saeed Faraji Ali Mohamadi Sani Faezeh Tajalli Hosein Alizadeh GolestaniBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH, initial metal ions concentration and contact times in batch experiments to remove lead ion from aqueous solution by adsorption using pear peel (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a natural biosorbent MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH, initial metal ions concentration and contact times in batch experiments to remove lead ion from aqueous solution by adsorption using pear peel (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a natural biosorbent. Method: For this purpose, four concentrations of 10, 50,100 and 250 mg/L, four times of 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes and three pH values of 3, 4 and 5 were considered. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the critical factor determining the adsorption capacity of adsorbents and adsorption processes of design were evaluated in this study. Findings: The optimal pH value for Pb adsorption onto the pear peel was found to be 5. Metal uptake capacity of Pb increased by increasing the initial metal ion concentrations,so that the maximum amount of lead was determined at a concentration of 250 mg/L. Maximum adsorption capacity for lead was estimated after 60 minutes. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Surveying the Level of Quality and Identity of Islaamshar Urban Sight from the Citizens’ Viewpoint
Masoud Alimardani Mahdi Vaezi Abstract Background and Objective: In scientific sources, urban identity has been introduced as consisting of objective and subjective dimensions with different components which are manifested in perspective and image of the city. On the other hand, increasing th More Abstract Background and Objective: In scientific sources, urban identity has been introduced as consisting of objective and subjective dimensions with different components which are manifested in perspective and image of the city. On the other hand, increasing the quality and beauty of the environment in the integrated spatial patterns will be an introduction to achieve identity in the city. In this paper, after identifying multiple dimensions of identity and investigating the components involved in creating quality and beauty in scientific sources and environmental design theories, it was attepted to assess the urban perspective identity in a part of islamshahr of user’s viewpoint. Method: The first part of the study focused on theoretical basis associated with the topic. In the second part, 250 of the users were selected to respond the questions about identity, and the obtained results were presented in qualitative and quantitative forms. Results from this study can provide a framework for preparion of the plan for re-organization of city identity and urban landscape in Eslamshahr and increasing the quality of urban environment. Findings: City is an artificial phenomenon which depends on human being and his activities and social relations. To define a city, its physical and subjective components must be distinguished. From this point of view, each city we can surveyed to become familiar with its difficulties and potentials. In this study, the difficulties and potentials of Islaamshahr neighborhood were identified and some solutions were suggested. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study it was found that there is a direct connection between city identity and quality of environment. City identity affects the behavior of inhabitants and also is a basic factor for sustainable development. To solve the problems of Islamshahr paying attention to city framework, open spaces, variety of land uses, improving the quality of environment, and balancing the usage of building materials and colors seem to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the effect of agricultural use on nitrate concentration in underground water sources using mathematical modeling based on regression equations (case study: Ray Plain)
Pegah mohammadpour Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam Hassani Jamal GhodusiBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can MoreBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can manage managers in proper management. Help ground water resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in agricultural and chemical area of consumed on the increase in nitrate concentrations in groundwater sources in Ray plain. Research method: In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020 were used to monitor land use changes. After processing the images, the area of agricultural land was calculated. According to the statistics obtained from the amount of chemical fertilizer consumed and the qualitative laboratory results of nitrate concentration changes, the effects of these factors on each other and the mathematical relationships between the variables were tested with the Pearson correlation and linear regression method. Findings: The results show that during the investigated period, agricultural land has increased and barren land has decreased. The consumption of chemical fertilizers has also increased. The level of nitrate concentration of underground water sources shows that during the period under review, the concentration of nitrate in underground water wells has increased. The analysis of the correlation coefficient also showed that at the error level of 1% (99% confidence level) there is a significant relationship between the concentration of nitrates in underground water with the area of agricultural land and the amount of fertilizer used. This means that as the area of agricultural use and the amount of chemical fertilizers increase, the concentration of nitrates in underground water resources also increases. In the presented regression model, the accepted square value (R2) is equal to 0.993 and it indicates a relatively strong relationship between the dependent variable (water nitrate concentration in underground water sources) and the independent variables (agricultural area and the amount of chemical fertilizer used). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that with the increase in the area of agricultural land, the consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased in the research area, and due to the nitrate leaching process from the soil surface, the nitrate concentration in underground water sources has increased, which is one of the important reasons for the increase in nitrate concentration in the study wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A comparative study of the eastern and western use of the "lion" symbol by Nizami and Shakespeare
zohreh sakian Mohammad TaheriSymbolism is a literary approach that uses symbols, including words, people, signs, places, or abstract ideas, to represent something beyond their literal and real meanings in the real world. The purpose of this article comparatively compares the similarities and differ MoreSymbolism is a literary approach that uses symbols, including words, people, signs, places, or abstract ideas, to represent something beyond their literal and real meanings in the real world. The purpose of this article comparatively compares the similarities and differences between the concepts that related to the metaphorical and the mythological symbolism of the symbol of " Lion" in Shakespeare's "Othello" and "Hamlet" and great and lyrical work Nezami's "Khosrow and Shirin." The present paper shows that the use of the mythical symbol of "lion" in the expression of both authors includes extensive and particular abstract concepts. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, this symbol has associated with the concepts such as madness, anger, revenge, hatred, and in "Khosrow and Shirin" with glory and grandeur. In the book "Othello" Shakespeare used the symbol of the lion in a different way as a social strategy. An analytical and descriptive study of the symbol of the lion shows that the symbolism of the "lion" has helped writers persuade the reader to understand their mentality and accept fictional characters. In addition, we see that the authors have pursued common rhetorical goals in brevity and exaggeration; the symbol of the " Lion " beside its conventional meanings among different societies, in the works of these two writers, has its similarities in their use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The measurement of love in two fond people: “Leily and Majnoon” of Nezami and “Romeo and Juliet” of Shakespeare
Mehdi Momtahen Tahereh MalihizadehAs it is known, the story of Leily and Majnoon is the tragic love story of Gheis Ameri toward a girl of his own tribe named Leily. This story originally transmitted from Arabic into Persian language and literature and Nezami received it from the Arabic sources and poeti MoreAs it is known, the story of Leily and Majnoon is the tragic love story of Gheis Ameri toward a girl of his own tribe named Leily. This story originally transmitted from Arabic into Persian language and literature and Nezami received it from the Arabic sources and poetized it. Shakespeare’s story is also about the tragic love of Romeo and Juliet who lived in a city called Verona and they were of two prominent families who have been fallen in a fight with each other for an old grudge. Shakespeare also borrowed this story from Italian literature, and both stories revolve around love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A comparison between King Lear and the story of Fereydun
Masoomeh Khodadadi Mahabad Leyla Fatemi KaleshIn the present paper the story of Fereydun and King Lear have been studied considering the story elements of each story. Clear rationale that explains the comparison of these two stories is the joint decisions that both kings made for their lands. Followi MoreIn the present paper the story of Fereydun and King Lear have been studied considering the story elements of each story. Clear rationale that explains the comparison of these two stories is the joint decisions that both kings made for their lands. Following this decision, battles and events occurred that reveals the fate of each character in the story that is the notable and significant point of both stories. This review is independent of the epic, mythological, historical and literary aspects or the perspective of the influence and effect of nations’ literature on each other. Our approach is to compare the two stories based on plans, characters, events and their highlights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Comparative Study on Thematic and Characterization Similarities in “Khosrow and Shirin” and “Romeo and Juliet”
Ahmad Tahān Leyla Javad poorThere are very few romantic works in the sky of World Literature that can compete with Love poem of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami. Perhaps the only work that can be compared with this masterpiece is Romeo and Juliet, the tragic love story that is full of l MoreThere are very few romantic works in the sky of World Literature that can compete with Love poem of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami. Perhaps the only work that can be compared with this masterpiece is Romeo and Juliet, the tragic love story that is full of literary delicacies and lyrical beauties by the unique poet and playwright in English literature, William Shakespeare. Using a comparative approach, this article aims to study the similarities of the two stories in characterization and theme in order to clarify the neglected aspects of these two valuable and eternal works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Comparative Type Definition between Marxism and Shakespeare’s modes of expression
Mahdi Reza Kamali BanianiFeminism (women’s rights advocate), Neo historicism, cultural materialism, post colonial theory and queer theory, all present ideas on the cultural production (which can be attributed to Marx). And also each has a significant relationship with Renai MoreFeminism (women’s rights advocate), Neo historicism, cultural materialism, post colonial theory and queer theory, all present ideas on the cultural production (which can be attributed to Marx). And also each has a significant relationship with Renaissance Literary Studies. However, Marx’s main ideas are rarely explained properly in the works of Shakespeare; and in some courses, it is even claimed that they have lost their relationship. The purpose of this paper is to describe the past and current impact of Marxism on the Shakespearean literature; and also to demonstrate the ways in which this literature can have an important influence on future cultural analysis and dramatic and literary-political criticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Qoran, its meanings and its relation to the eternity
Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi NikThe Qorau's response to the daily needs and believ inz in eternity 1S one of the beliefs of Muslims .This belief has encouraged Muslim thinkers to discuss about the quality of the Qorans response in the realm of times and its eternity and offer ideal and reasonable resp MoreThe Qorau's response to the daily needs and believ inz in eternity 1S one of the beliefs of Muslims .This belief has encouraged Muslim thinkers to discuss about the quality of the Qorans response in the realm of times and its eternity and offer ideal and reasonable responses .This examination has led to some precious results and the quality of the response to the needs of different times and generations has been clarified. Meanings realm of the Qoranic verses is definitely one of the most important subjects which can answer these needs and has been emphasized in the traditions .This research will consider the mentioned subject in the traditions under the title of appearance and reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Minority Rights in Islam with the Emphasis (Focus) on Traditions of the Age of Appearance
seyyed mahdi mirdadashiThe purpose of the research is to study minority rights in universal declaration of human rights and in Islam with emphasis on traditions of the age of appearance. This research method is descriptive –analytic and desk research and its findings show that by follow MoreThe purpose of the research is to study minority rights in universal declaration of human rights and in Islam with emphasis on traditions of the age of appearance. This research method is descriptive –analytic and desk research and its findings show that by following the principle of Quran, human dignity, imams’ justice, and human’s power, each tradition that is contrary to these guidance principles, is not acceptable, and Imam Mahdi will treat (face) religious minority with reason and logic. Those who do not accept Islam (have not been converted to Islam), will live under his rule of justice. While discussion about minority in international rights, however, they have rights according to words and meaning (provisions) of human rights statement, but it seems that duty to deserve minority rights has become a international convention (custom) by various governments; in particular (specially), international rights in such issues either there is no guarantee for performance, or have very weak performance bond. But deserving and respecting minority rights in Islam, addition to being right, it also is humanitarian duty, and real Muslims and Islamic governments consider themselves bound to deserve (respect) minorities rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Religion as Viewed by Sufism
Mohammad Yousef Nayyeri Maryam ElahizadehAs with their other doctrines which are based on another world beyond this tangible one, the Sufis think of religion as having an inner nature in addition to its outward appearance. In their opinion, the outward appearance of the religion, cut off from its inner nature, MoreAs with their other doctrines which are based on another world beyond this tangible one, the Sufis think of religion as having an inner nature in addition to its outward appearance. In their opinion, the outward appearance of the religion, cut off from its inner nature, is a framework with no value in itself and can lead its believers neither to their destination nor to their goals. In their religious discourse, inner nature and appearance, principles and commandments, and theory and practice are blended together. They conceive the true meaning of the religion as revelatory certitude and serving people and put more emphasis on the latter, i.e. serving people. The writers, throughout this essay, are seeking to discover the true manifestation of religion. In conducting this research, the researchers have relied mainly on quotations and works of the greatest Muslim Mystics of 2nd to 5th centuries (AH) – Bayazid Bastami, Abul-Hassan Kharaqani, Abū Saʿīd Abi’l-Khayr, Imam Mohammad Ghazālī and Ayn-al-qożāt Hamadānī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
Majid Saleh BekResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and MoreResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - use Pearson’s Linear Correlation and the combination of Data Mining Algorithms simultaneously to improve prognosis of a kind of tumor in cancer patients
mohsen gholami Seyed Javad MirabediniNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress MoreNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress, the way for developing of a system with the capability of prevention, prognosis and cure by using the new technologies is paved. Medical data mining tries to design a model and find relationships among risky factors to predict the condition of future patients with the aid of current data. We try to compare different data mining algorithms and combination of these algorithms to develop a new, efficient method with high accuracy and capability to perform on local data. Finally, proposed method which improves efficiency of Naive Bayes with Adaboost algorithm can predict the kind of benign or malign tumor with the 96/67% accuracies. Required data for this procedure is extracted from UCI site to diagnose the kind of tumor with 569 records and 32 variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Toojihol- Mahal- in Persian literature
Ahmad Zakerione of the most attractive literature decorations is toojhol- Mahhal this new and beautiful decoration appeared by speeches of great thinkers and poets such as Bayazid Bastami and Hossein- ebne- Mansour Hallaj and then was fixed in poems of Senaei Ghaznavi, Attar Neisha Moreone of the most attractive literature decorations is toojhol- Mahhal this new and beautiful decoration appeared by speeches of great thinkers and poets such as Bayazid Bastami and Hossein- ebne- Mansour Hallaj and then was fixed in poems of Senaei Ghaznavi, Attar Neishabourl and Hafez, then its range included poems in style of Indian- Sfahani. For this literature decoration we can state some branches like shatah, opposition of habit, unity of opponents (vefagh- al- zeddin) which has been remembered in logics knowledge with names comparing generation (khias- khalad) and opposition- appearing. In literature critic books and our new days, its place is empty although our contemporary literature also has a half- look on it. In this article we will survey this long- standing decoration of Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Oriented concepts waiting in Persian ancient poetry (Allegorical narrative approach)
Saeideh Saki entezami Sakineh Azari Mohammad Rasool YosofvandIranian Persian language poets attachment to Islam, Islamic civilization founded on the expectation that religious teachings in the ancient Persian poetry by poets is manifest. The study collected poems with themes of apocalyptic concepts include such topics as: the Ant MoreIranian Persian language poets attachment to Islam, Islamic civilization founded on the expectation that religious teachings in the ancient Persian poetry by poets is manifest. The study collected poems with themes of apocalyptic concepts include such topics as: the Antichrist, return, and leadership in the time range to give the fifth century AH, a classification according to interpretations of poems and literary landscape Promised the appearance of symptoms and characteristics of the era of the rise of the implementation of the verses and traditions of Persian poetry style - descriptive analysis was presented. The results indicated that the references poets came to the question of validity is root, and the intellectual aspects of the poet's vision is based on the Hadith and Qur'anic verses also is approved Shiea and Sunni scholars, poets on the subject of Mahdism in centuries culture as poetry Mahdavi created and founded the Islamic civilization is great. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Studying the Historic Spread Of Sufism in the Early and Middle Islam Era and the Expansion Of Sufi Literature in Iran
Shahrbano Sahabi Khalil Hadidi Saeedullah QarabeyglooIs the appearance of Sufism in its modern meaning and in turn Sufism literature an abrupt event or a result of historical processes and evolution of social trends which led to such an extensive phenomenon? Though it is true that gnostic thoughts and also Sufism in its g MoreIs the appearance of Sufism in its modern meaning and in turn Sufism literature an abrupt event or a result of historical processes and evolution of social trends which led to such an extensive phenomenon? Though it is true that gnostic thoughts and also Sufism in its general meaning date back to the beginning of the human history, but except for a few ambiguous images on the cave walls and/or myth stories attributed to the ancient people after invention of writing systems, nothing has remained from the vast sea of the ancient people thoughts and ideas. Identification of Sufism phenomenon and its effects on the Islamic societies and also on the non-Islamic ones in later times is subject to the same above-mentioned constraints and limitations. Acknowledging the inevitable deficiencies, the author tries to present a picture of the appearance of Sufism and some examples of its various influences on the society based on the remaining relevant books and literature as accurate as possible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Role of Beloved's Appearance Features in Explaining Hafiz's Mystical Purposes
Masoud Pakdel Nahid BahramiHafiz is adorer nightingale who singes in our rose garden Bing, is centuries that is in our hearts and houses and it is eliminates distress and make us happiness. Love and loved in the doses of Hafiz and his poems, because everybody think about them, because of its comp MoreHafiz is adorer nightingale who singes in our rose garden Bing, is centuries that is in our hearts and houses and it is eliminates distress and make us happiness. Love and loved in the doses of Hafiz and his poems, because everybody think about them, because of its complexity. And that Hafiz seeks which loved? And what is his aim from this loved? And everybody has become his friend from oneself suspicion and along with him go to wavy sea, till where he peer? All Hafiz seeker/ researchers and commentators from past till know. Numerous attempts have done for explaining of Hafiz caplets and any one has watched him with oneself heart and have given him a name but they don’t agree that Hafiz loved has a land appearance or a he evenly conscience. It seems that Hafiz loved is beyond from soiled and terrestrial boundaries and its signs that tell us about loved, is a light that give from real loved in flamed face to lovers till to understand oneself sweet heart easier. In this article, some loved appearance specificities is investigated in explaining of mystical high purposes of Hafiz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Ishraqi’s Approach toward “Husn” and its Embodiment in Iranian Miniatures During Eighth to Tenth Centuries AH (A Survey of Six Well-Known Works of the Schools of the Era)
Mohammadsadegh Ali Esmaili Abdulreza Mazaheri Mohammadreza SharifzadehShahab al-Din Suhrawardi (Sheikh Ishraq) has a manuscript called "Fi Haqiqah al-Ashq" which deals with the category of “Husn” in its various chapters. In this treatise, after expressing the creation of the intellect by Noor Al-Anwar and the origin of the thr MoreShahab al-Din Suhrawardi (Sheikh Ishraq) has a manuscript called "Fi Haqiqah al-Ashq" which deals with the category of “Husn” in its various chapters. In this treatise, after expressing the creation of the intellect by Noor Al-Anwar and the origin of the three attributes "Husn, Eshq and Hozn" from it, in another chapter, he considers Husn as a combination of Jamal and Kamal. Considering the influence of Suhrawardi's Enlightenment view on the mystical literature and art of the later period, it seems that the painters of the eighth to tenth centuries also used the Enlightenment attitude in expressing the beauty of their works. The question is how the Iranian painter drew on Suhrawardi's Enlightenment thought to create image spaces, centered on "Husn"; And what is the difference between Jamal and Kamal of paintings? The research has a historical view and a fundamental purpose and has acted in a descriptive-analytical method. The results show that painters have paid attention to both Kamali and Jamali Husn in expressing beauty. As far as the external structure of the works was concerned, they acted in a Kamali way by using logical method and accuracy in dimensions and scales, and in expressing the Jamali of the works that were related to the internal structure of the work, such as appearance and radiance, tenderness, Elegance and gentleness acted exemplary in the world through intuition and imagination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of Fire blight disease using pathogenicity and streptomycin resistance diversity
Esfandiar Zohour ParalakFire blight of pome friut trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., 1920 has become one of the most important diseases of pome fruits in Iran.Ninty five strains of bacteria were isolated from affected tissuses (leaves,branches, flowers and fruits).&nbs MoreFire blight of pome friut trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., 1920 has become one of the most important diseases of pome fruits in Iran.Ninty five strains of bacteria were isolated from affected tissuses (leaves,branches, flowers and fruits). All samples were compared according to the standard physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity tests. Sensitivity of strains against some antibiotics such as streptomycin, oxytetracyclin and copper were determined.All strains produced hypersensitive reaction to tobacco and geranium. All strains were the same in phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, there was not any difference in disease severity between different strains. None of strains tested were resistant to streptomycin, oxytetracyclin and copper. All strians had homogenous phenotypic characteristics and anyibiotics resistance, regardless of their original hosts or geographical areas. There was no chance of finding new species of E.pyrifoliae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Occurance of pear and apple blast disease in Razavy and North Khorasan Provinces
Esfandiar Zohour ParalakDuring 2006-2009 canker symptom and blast in pear (Pyrus communis) and apple(Malus communis) trees were observed in several orchards. The symptoms partly resembled to fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, except for the absence of gum exudation the affected t MoreDuring 2006-2009 canker symptom and blast in pear (Pyrus communis) and apple(Malus communis) trees were observed in several orchards. The symptoms partly resembled to fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, except for the absence of gum exudation the affected tissues. A gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium was consistently isolated from affected tissues. All colonies produced levan on SNA(Sucrose nutrient Agar). Fluorescent pigment was produced on King,s B medium. Strains were catalase positive, oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negaative and did not rot potato tuber slices. They showed negative reaction for starch and esculin hydrolysis, production of acetoin, indole and H2S. Six strains produced syringomycin and a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco and geranium. Froctuse, glucose, galactose, sucrose, mannose, mannitol, glycerol, citrate, fumarate, succinate and lactate used as carbon sources. No strain utilized maltose, inulin, starch, dextrin, oxalate, formate or benzoate. Based on these and additional characteristics, the strains were identified as pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Pathogenicity tests on twings and seedlings of a local cultivar of pear was performed by two strains. This is the first report of apple blast occurence in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparison of apparent and marginal parasitism of egg parasitoid of grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah Delabola (Hem., Cicadellidae) in different climatic regions of Isfahan, Iran
M. Latifiyan E. Soleyman-nejadianEggs of grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah Delabola (Hem., Cicadellidae) are attacked by two parasitoid species Anagrus atomus L. (Hym., Mymariade) (species A) and Ufens sp. (Hym., Trichogr MoreEggs of grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah Delabola (Hem., Cicadellidae) are attacked by two parasitoid species Anagrus atomus L. (Hym., Mymariade) (species A) and Ufens sp. (Hym., Trichogramatidae) (species B) in Isfahan vineyards, Iran. For this research, 27 vineyards were selected randomly in different climatic regions of Isfahan. Ten plants were selected randomly per hectare of each vineyard and 3 leaves were sampled on each plant from lower, middle and upper strata. Then healthy and parasitized eggs were counted and the percentage of apparent parasitism was calculated in each vineyard. Three samples that each including 30 parasitized leafhoppers eggs were selected randomly from different climatic regions and the number of wasps were recorded. The percentage of marginal parasitism was calculated and compared for the two species. The average percentage of apparent parasitism in area of study was 8.33 that its range was varied at least 1.5 percent in very hot with dry desert up to 43 percent in dry temperate cold desert. The semi cold with warm and dry desert and semi-arid cold with dry desert climatic region with an average 82.8 percent had the highest percentage of marginal parasitism for species A and very hot with dry desert climate with an average 4.9 percent had the highest percentage of marginal parasitism for species B. The marginal parasitism of both species had moderate to high correlation with the percentage of apparent parasitism. The correlation coefficient of, in other words, the apparent parasitism was increased by increasing its marginal parasitism in climatic regions. While the correlation coefficient of species B was negative the apparent parasitism was decreased by increasing its marginal parasitism in climatic zones. Based on data obtained, it can be interfed that A. atomus was more efficient than Ufens sp. in different climatic regions of Isfahan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Woman Appearance in Contemporary Arabic Poetry (Case study: Fawziyya Abu Khalid Poetry)
Mohsen Seifi Sadigheh Jafari nezhadFawziyya Abu Khalid (1955) is a Contemporary Saudi poet who versified the essence of much of her poetic collections due to the woman. This poet objected her community in many poems on the ignoring of women's right. The research was purposed to study the woman appearance MoreFawziyya Abu Khalid (1955) is a Contemporary Saudi poet who versified the essence of much of her poetic collections due to the woman. This poet objected her community in many poems on the ignoring of women's right. The research was purposed to study the woman appearance in her works by applying descriptive- analytic method and to review some of woman position in Fawziyya Abu Khalid poems. She was especially concerned about complain of not honoring the woman sufficiently as the mother of humanity, the mother who she considered as a symbol of fertility and resurrection and interpreted her as homeland and appealed her freedom from the yoke of oppression of her community. To counter the society traditions and to defend her famine rights freely, she turned to poems so she could stand up against the women humiliations via utilizing the lyrics language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Literary Comparative of Sodabe in "Shahnameh" of Ferdowsi and Lady Macbeth in "Macbeth" of Shakespeare
نگین HeiydarizadehAbol Ghosem Ferdowsi and William Shakespeare are two Persian and English writers who lived apart almost 600 years .They created the artworks and masterpieces full of mystery and special features. Both have a global reputation and their transnational phenomena, respect f MoreAbol Ghosem Ferdowsi and William Shakespeare are two Persian and English writers who lived apart almost 600 years .They created the artworks and masterpieces full of mystery and special features. Both have a global reputation and their transnational phenomena, respect for humanity and people would wave in their valuable works.This paper examined one of the characters in the Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Sodabe who is associated with Siavash. The Shahnameh demonstrates a lot of research on the epic of heroism and bravery, however here we want to highlight the role and the temper of Sodabe as a betrayed, jealous, and vengeful woman.On the other hand one of Shakespeare's tragedies Macbeth is the tragic story that shows hatred, envy, revenge, betrayal and physical and psychological torture, of Lady Macbeth. Sodabe and Lady Macbeth are the two main characters who are trying to emphasize the role of the feminist aspects to be looked at two significant works. The purpose of writing this article was to show the role of women in these two literary selected dramas and to state the similarities between these two traumatizing women who have the essence of evil in themselves and their bold and trick attitudes have a great impact on their spouses and their performance of the bloodshed, killing and war. These women were seeking self-determination, or power. The main question was: “which one man or woman can use power in the best way? To be powerful is suitable for man or woman? This research claim that women's rights and regretted the negative perceptions of women and hope that tomorrow's society, not a society of female or male dominated patriarchal society but the meritoriousness is the best form . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Prediction Of The Frequency Of Going To The Beauty Saloons Based On Self-Esteem, Perfectionism, And Attitude Toward Appearance
Valeh Rouhani Mojtaba Amiri MajadThis study aimed to predict the frequency of going to the beauty saloon based on self-esteem, perfectionism, and attitude toward appearance. The research design was descriptive- correlational. The population consisted of all women in Tehran who had referred to women's s MoreThis study aimed to predict the frequency of going to the beauty saloon based on self-esteem, perfectionism, and attitude toward appearance. The research design was descriptive- correlational. The population consisted of all women in Tehran who had referred to women's saloons during 1393-1394. 94 women were selected using purposeful sampling among them and completed Quality Of Self-Esteem Scale (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991), Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire (Beshart, 2005), Socio-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale (Heinberg & Thompson, 1995) and responded to demographic questions. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that self-esteem and perfectionism had no significant relationship with frequency of going to the beauty saloon and only autonomous perfectionism subscales significantly correlated to frequency of going to the beauty saloon. The results also showed that attitudes towards appearance significantly correlated with frequency of going to the beauty saloon and could predict and explain 35% of variance of the frequency of going to the beauty saloon (p≤.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to body self-concept among female students
somayeh nadiyan ghomsheh saeed bakhtiar pourThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 studen MoreThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. The aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effect of media use on the tendency to use cosmetics in women: a structural model concerning the mediation of psychological variables
mostafa khanzadeh somayeh aghamohamadiThe prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian wom MoreThe prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian women and girls has become a critical psychosocial issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the media use model to use cosmetics concerning the mediating role of internalization of media patterns, beliefs about appearance, and body image concerns. For this purpose, 324 female students of the University of Isfahan were selected as the research sample using cluster sampling method and responded to the Media Consumption (Revised) and Beliefs about Appearance Scales, Body Image Concerns Inventory, and Socio-Cultural Attitudes to Appearance (Third Edition) and Compensatory Tendencies and Behaviors for Beauty and Fitness Questionnaires. The research model tested using structural equation modeling analysis, and the significance of the model effects evaluated using the bootstrap method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Testing the model showed that the size of the fit indices for the model is desirable and this model has a good fit with the experimental data. Also, bootstrap results showed that all model effects are significant. In general, the results of the present study support the importance of the role of internalizing media patterns and body image concern in the tendency of Iranian women to use cosmetics. These results explained in the research and theoretical context, and suggestions made in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Poets Advising Rulers in the West and East: A Comparative Study of the Approaches of Saadi and Shakespeare to Peace and War
Seyyedeh Zahra NozenShakespeare in the most peaceful era of British history, generally known as “the golden age” which is marked with the least possible military tension, deals with war and peace, bearing in mind that in the reign of Elizabeth I, except for the rightful defence MoreShakespeare in the most peaceful era of British history, generally known as “the golden age” which is marked with the least possible military tension, deals with war and peace, bearing in mind that in the reign of Elizabeth I, except for the rightful defence against Spaniards, not a single war was fought and not any devastation occurred that Shakespeare would possibly stage its actualities,. It is called the creative poetic imagination that enables the poet to depict the picture which he has never seen or the voice never heard. Condemnation of war in tragedy and commendation of peace in comedy is the main aim of this research, the manner that much resembles the strategy of eastern poets rather than that of the well-known author of Russia. Saidi of Shiraz mainly suffices to the warnings, advice and instructions humbly offered to the authorities to hinder their oppression, autocracy and absolutism. Relying on her patience and tolerance, “I see but say nothing” was the motto of Queen Elizabeth in which she so adherently believed and by which she was determined to expand patience and avoid violence in her administration. This article intends to investigate how the bard of Avon, hand in hand with his contemporaneous politicians, as the advocators of peace, have sheathed their swords and drawn their pens to write about the destructive destiny of war in the peace time as Saadi did. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Geochemical and Environmental Assessment of the Heavy Metals in Robat Sefid Rigion (south of mashhad) Soil
Mohammad Ebrahim Fazel Valipour Banafshe Fazelvalipoor Rahim DabiriRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evalu MoreRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evaluation have been done in soil sources of robat sefid region. So heavy metal density in 11 soil samples have been studied and interoperated. For this aim multivariate statistical methods and index of geoaccumulation, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified degree of contamination have been used. Correlations between elements have been evaluated with multivariate statistical methods (Pearson Correlation, Cluster Analysis and principle component analysis). Based on evaluations, ophiolite rocks (Serpentine، Gabbro، Dunite and Harzburgite) has been considered as Lithogenic source of elements in region. Based on index of geoaccumulation measurement for soil, Nicole has the highest rate of contamination in this region. Enrichment factor calculation shows that Nicole and Chromo have very high contamination and Cobalt has high contamination in this region. Also contamination factor measurement shows severe enrichment of Nicole in this region but region geology structures and ophiolite rocks weathering are the entrance source of these heavy metals and have Lithogenic source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group and Group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment on Appearance Schema in Obese Women without Diet
Jafar Pooyanmehr Mohammad Zareh Neyestanak Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Nejad Hassan KhoshakhlaghPurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design o MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to Noor Nutrition and Obesity Treatment Clinic in the city of Ray in the year 1400. The sample size includes 45 people (30 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. For the first experimental group, cognitive behavioral therapy and for the second experimental group, acceptance and commitment group therapy was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tool included the appearance schema questionnaire (Kash, Melnik and Harbosky, 2004). The data was analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that both treatments had an effect on reducing the appearance of obese women without diet (P<0.001) and the change in scores was stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral group therapy and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment improve the appearance schema in obese women without a diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group and Group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment to Appearance Schema in Obese Women without Diet
Jafar Pooyanmehr, Mohammad Zareh Neyestanak Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Nejad Hassan KhoshakhlaghPurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to Noor Nutrition and Obesity Treatment Clinic in the city of Ray in the year 1400. The sample size includes 45 people (30 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. For the first experimental group, cognitive behavioral therapy and for the second experimental group, acceptance and commitment group therapy was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tool included the appearance schema questionnaire (Kash, Melnik and Harbosky, 2004). The data was analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that both treatments had an effect on reducing the appearance of obese women without diet (P<0.001) and the change in scores was stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral group therapy and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment improve the appearance schema in obese women without a diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - RCMS: Requirements Conflict Management and Overlapping Control Strategy in CSOP+RP using Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Soheil Afraz Hassan Rashidi Nasser Mikaeilvand -
Open Access Article
40 - The study of impact of Cultural and Social and Erotic capital on body Image among the youth of ages 15 to29 years old in city of Tonkabon
yaghob karamipour Reza Esmaeili Mansour Haghighatian The study examines the impact of social and cultural capital of satisfactory sexual body image among young people 15 to 29 years, the Branch. The method of navigation. To investigate the effect of three main variables include the operational, cu More The study examines the impact of social and cultural capital of satisfactory sexual body image among young people 15 to 29 years, the Branch. The method of navigation. To investigate the effect of three main variables include the operational, cultural capital (embodied, objectified and institutionalized), sexual capital (business identity, sexual attraction, beautifying social, social skills, vitality, social Distinction and sexuality) and social capital (, leisure, social acceptance, social pressure, social trust and social participation) are changing body image satisfaction of youth (weight control, manipulation of medical health-care and cosmetics) is. The population of the survey, 36,289 young people aged 15 to 29 make up the city Branch in 1393. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypotheses using correlation, multiple regression analysis was conducte، persons under 30 years in all social classes to absorb. In other words, youth groups are characterized by their beliefs, values and norms of the dominant culture or social order prevail, especially youth culture forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Pearl Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Intercropping
A. Tavassoli A. Ghanbari D. Ramazan S.M. Mousavi-nikThis experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University during 2007 cropping season. The experiment was split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors consisted of unfertilized (control) (F1), rec MoreThis experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University during 2007 cropping season. The experiment was split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors consisted of unfertilized (control) (F1), recommended fertilizer (F2), recommended manure (F3), half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer (F4) and sub factors were cropping of millet (I1), 75% millet + 25% bean (I2), 50% millet + 50% bean(I3), 25% millet + 75% bean (I4) and sole crop of bean (I5). Results showed that were for these tow species the highest grain and dry matter yield and harvest index (HI) obtained from half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer treatment. However, fertilizer treatments did not have significant effect on 1000-seeds weight. Highest land equivalence ratio (LER) for grain and dry matter yield was achieved from half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer treatment. The highest crude protein (CP), P and K content in each of the forage crops obtained from recommended fertilizer treatment. Interrace culture different ratios treatments, for millet the highest grain and dry matter yield and P and K content achieved from sole cropping. While highest harvest index (HI), 1000-seeds weight and CP content in millet forage obtained from their intercroppings. Highest bean values for all traits in achieved from its sole cropping. Furthermore, highest LER for dry matter and grain obtained from 25% millet + 75% bean treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Justifying the Principle of not Paying Attention to the Objections in Patent Rights from Jurisprudential Point of View
Ahmad Esfandiari gholamali seifi zeinabUnlike the legal system that considers the transfer of debt to be absolutely independent of of influence of cause and even if it proves to be null or void, it has been recognized in accordance with the general rules of Islamic jurisprudence and civil law. Also, it is co MoreUnlike the legal system that considers the transfer of debt to be absolutely independent of of influence of cause and even if it proves to be null or void, it has been recognized in accordance with the general rules of Islamic jurisprudence and civil law. Also, it is considered to be one of the pillars of any legal action, and such a transfer is, as a matter of fact, absolutely influenced by the original relationship. In the relationship between the hands entered in negotiable instrument, there is an important deviation, from the general mentioned rule, and that is when the negotiable instrument is circulated after its signature and submission to the first holder by indorsment, there is not heared the objections of invalidation or inexistence of original relationship by previous hands. This concept of negotiable instruments law have been called not Paying Attention to the Objections in Patent Rights. Because of the appearance of a clear conflict with established jurisprudential rules and traditional laws and invalidity as the origin of the right, it is unacceptable for a person bound by jurisprudential principles but in order to consider institutions in which the lawmaker has appointed persons to be trustworthy to appearance or merely because they have genuine confidence in the emergence of the rightful owner, on the one hand, and the precision of the jurisprudential institutions that make individuals responsible for the caused damages on the other, it obliges them to e indicate that the mentioned principle is jurisprudentially justifiable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Histometric and histopathologic study of the effects of celery and spearmint essence on the healing of experimental skin surgery in the rat
Ali Rezaie داریوش Mohajeri بابک Rostam zadeh dehkharghani مسعود Taghi zadeh jahed صمد Mohammad Nejad-daryani In this study, histometrical and histopathological effects of celery and spearmint essences which were mixed as lotion were evaluated on the process of wound healing following surgical skin trauma in the rat. Forty five female Wistar rats were select More In this study, histometrical and histopathological effects of celery and spearmint essences which were mixed as lotion were evaluated on the process of wound healing following surgical skin trauma in the rat. Forty five female Wistar rats were selected and after anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, four full thickness wounds were created on their dorsum using number 7 biopsy punch. The rats were then randomly divided to three equal groups and numbered. In group one the herbal lotion was administered at the lower dose of 2ml /cm2 twice a day, in group two the higher dose was administered at 2ml /cm2 four times a day while group three or the control group received placebo (distilled water). The treatment continued for 21 days during which daily digital images were taken from the wounds and the wound area calculated using digital image analysis software. Also on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after trauma, the wounds were biopsied for histopathological evaluations (3 rats/group) and these rats were omitted from the rest of the study. Histometrical and histopathological findings indicated the stimulatory effect of the herbal lotion on wound healing during the epithelialization phase and this stimulatory effect was more effective and prominent in the treatment group which received the lower dose and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - A Note on the Maximum Difference Between Schweizer and Wolff's $\sigma$ and the Absolute Value of Spearman's $\rho$
Manuel Ubeda-FloresIn this note we correct an error on the possible maximum difference between the (measure of dependence) Schweizer and Wolff’s σ and the absolute value of the (measure of concordance) Spearman’s ρ given in [8]. Moreover, we provide a possible value for that possible, lea MoreIn this note we correct an error on the possible maximum difference between the (measure of dependence) Schweizer and Wolff’s σ and the absolute value of the (measure of concordance) Spearman’s ρ given in [8]. Moreover, we provide a possible value for that possible, leaving its proof as an open problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - An Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and City Quality of Life, Case Study: Haft Chinar District, Tehran
لطفعلی کوزگره کالجی مجید اسکندر پور abdolbaset doorzadeh mehrAbstract The formation and expansion of the concept of quality of life over the past half century, has become a key concept in global and human issues. Besides of this concept, quantitative and qualitative expansion of cities as the dominant form of human life has cause MoreAbstract The formation and expansion of the concept of quality of life over the past half century, has become a key concept in global and human issues. Besides of this concept, quantitative and qualitative expansion of cities as the dominant form of human life has caused the emergence of a new concept “quality of urban life”. Simultaneously the emergence of the term “social capital“as the most important capital of a society to achieve sustainable and synergic development and success of variety of plans and projects has attained increasing importance. Undoubtedly the success of urban plans and projects especially in neighborhood scale directly depends on social capital and citizen participation. Since the social capital is the fundamental factor in any development plans and programs, to achieve the high quality of life in urban neighborhoods as a type of plan it is essential to take advantage of social capital capacities such as trust, participation, social relations network and cohesion. Otherwise the urban plans and projects won’t be able to reach to their final goal that is social sustainability and citizen’s satisfaction. This article is descriptive and comparative survey that examines the quality of urban life in the one hand, and its relationship with a social capital in the other hand. To evaluate the quaof the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha, for the review of the subjective and objective quality of life the factor Key words: Social capital, Quality of life, Haftchenar neighborhood, Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Determination of the most important traits affecting the electrolyte leakage of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse) under drought stress conditions using multivariate statistical methods
seyed morteza zahedi Mahdieh Karimi Farzad Kian ErsiWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor MoreWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor in response to drought stress and related traits. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications to identify the traits affecting electrolytes leakage. These traits were studied in 12 treatments including different levels of drought stress and different concentrations of brassinosteroids on wild pears in spring and summer of 2017 in greenhouse conditions. The result showed a positive significant correlation between proline content (0.83**), malondialdehyde (0.98**), hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage. The correlation for dry weight of root, leaf and stem, height growth, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid was significantly negative. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that chlorophyll a, leaf dry weight, height growth and hydrogen peroxide were the most important effective traits on electrolytes leakage and showed 99% of total variance. Based on the path analysis results, the traits of electrolytes leakage and height growth and chlorophyll a showed the maximum positive direct and significant at p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Investigation of Linguistic Images of Varaki Variety regarding the Ecolinguistics
Zahra Hosseini Raha ZareifardEcolinguistics is an interdisciplinary approach attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. The environmental elements represented in everyday language, idioms and proverbs of different varieties. This article aims at investigating the ecological im MoreEcolinguistics is an interdisciplinary approach attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. The environmental elements represented in everyday language, idioms and proverbs of different varieties. This article aims at investigating the ecological images in, idioms and proverbs of Varaki Variety. The data gathered from 8 informants (4 men and 4 women) between 38 to 80 years old. After gathering data, data transcribed, and then analyzed by ecolinguistic approach. Linguistic images include similie, metonymy, irony and proverbs. For revealing these images, animals and plants play important role. The characteristics of animals are more frequent than plants. The images of animals include animal appearance and behavior. Animal images include animals such as sheep, donkey, cow, calf, dog, goat, bear, hog, wolf, hen, ram, cat, camel and insects. Physical characteristics include fatness, thinness, weakness, ugliness and beauty. Behavioral characteristics include fast, slow, anger isolation, persistence, ignorance, and insidious ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Stages of Prayer from the Viewpoint of Seyed Haidar Āmoli and its Comparison with the Hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (as)
akram aqdasi ROGHAYE ABDIEsoteric approaches and methods of deep concern for the sacred texts and religious pillars of religion are the characteristics of mystical thinking, which of course never means neglecting the appearances of religion and Sharia and violating the rules of Sharia. This cla MoreEsoteric approaches and methods of deep concern for the sacred texts and religious pillars of religion are the characteristics of mystical thinking, which of course never means neglecting the appearances of religion and Sharia and violating the rules of Sharia. This claim can be seen in the examination of the theories and teachings of mystics in all areas of religious pillars of Islam. In the correct mystical teachings, along with the explanation of the Tarīqat and the truth, it is clearly evident to preserve the appearances of the Sharia. A subject that has a special place in the history and traditions of Ahl al-Bayt (as). He pays attention to maintaining the level of worship and leads all the worshipers to walk in the heart of religion according to their condition. This research, with a library method and a narrative-analytical approach, has investigated the prayer and its correspondence from the point of view of Seyed Haidar Āmoli and Ahl al-Bayt (as). The results of the investigations show that he, as a trained school of pure Islam, has presented a recitation that is completely in line with the teachings of Ahl al-Bayt (as). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Fermatean Fuzzy Type Statistical Concepts with Medical Decision-Making Application
Murat Kirisci -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigation of version 1 and 2 of the educational network for students (Shad) in terms of educational capabilities, design and appearance, performance and technical features
Seyed Abbas RazaviThe purpose of this research was to examine the quality of versions 1 and 2 of the educational network for students (Shad) in terms of features such as educational capabilities, program design and appearance, and performance and technical features. A survey method was u MoreThe purpose of this research was to examine the quality of versions 1 and 2 of the educational network for students (Shad) in terms of features such as educational capabilities, program design and appearance, and performance and technical features. A survey method was used to conduct the research. The statistical population of this research was the teachers of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, in the academic year of 1398-1399, 1127 and in the academic year of 1399-1400, 1588 teachers were selected from different academic courses by simple random sampling method. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Lawshe index (CVR) and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.78). Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (independent t-test) statistical methods.The findings showed that in general, Shad2 network has a higher quality compared to Shad1. Also, the quality of Shad 2 is higher than Shad 1 in terms of educational capabilities, program design and appearance, and performance and technical features. Therefore, it can be said that the educational network for students (Shad) has improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - ترکیبات شیمیائی اسانس سه اکوتیپ نعناع ( Mentha spicata L.) در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد
محمدجواد عادلپور احمدرضا گلپرورمقدمه و هدف: خانواده نعناعیان یکی از مهم ترین تیره های گیاهی است که پراکنش جغرافیائی وسیعی داشته و از اهیمت بسیاری برخوردار می باشد که در دو گروه عمده لامیوئیده و نپتوئیده دسته بندی می شود. جنس منتا دارای تنوع ژنتیکی وسیعی است که به دلیل سطوح مختلف پلوئیدی و تلاقی های ب Moreمقدمه و هدف: خانواده نعناعیان یکی از مهم ترین تیره های گیاهی است که پراکنش جغرافیائی وسیعی داشته و از اهیمت بسیاری برخوردار می باشد که در دو گروه عمده لامیوئیده و نپتوئیده دسته بندی می شود. جنس منتا دارای تنوع ژنتیکی وسیعی است که به دلیل سطوح مختلف پلوئیدی و تلاقی های بین گونه ای به وجود آمده است. لذا امکان گزینش افراد برتر که دارای درصد بالای اسانس باشند وجود دارد. روش تحقیق: این مطالعه در سال زراعی 91-92 به منظور شناسائی ترکیبات اندام های هوائی نعناع (Mentha spicata L.) که از سه منطقه جمع آوری شده بودند صورت گرفت. این مناطق شامل یاسوح، سی سخت و بهرام بیگی در استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد بود. اسانس با استفاده از کلونجر استخراج شد و سپس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی ترکیبات متشکله آن مورد شناسائی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاکی از شناسائی 10، 14 و 10 ترکیب عمده در اسانس حاصل از سرشاخه های نعناع در این سه منطقه بود. عمده ترین ترکیبات شامل کاروون (57/74 درصد)، 1و8- سینئول (28/10 درصد)، لیمونن (41/8 درصد) در منطقه یاسوج به دست آمد. در منطقه سی سخت ترکیب پیپریتون اکساید (19/53 درصد)، 1و8- سینئول (47/27 درصد)، بتا-کاریوفیلن (55/3 درصد) و در منطقه بهرام بیگی شامل 1و8- سینئول (79/8 درصد)، کاروون (6/79 درصد) و لیمونن (53/3 درصد) بودند. روی هم رفته منطقه بهرام بیگی از بیشترین میزان کاروون برخوردار بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به طور کلی اکوتیپ های مناطق سی سخت و بهرام بیگی دارای پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالاتری از نظر میزان ترکیبات موثره نظیر پیپریتنون اکساید و کاروون برخوردار بوده و قابلیت بهره برداری در برنامه به زراعی و به نژادی را دارا می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Et3N/H2O: A green and inexpensive organocatalytic medium for efficient Baylis-Hillman reaction
Mohammad Saeed Abaee Ali Akbari Mohammad Majid Mojtahedi -
Open Access Article
53 - Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Feed Digestion and Anaerobic Digestion of Holstein Cow Faeces
R.J. Tseu L.L.C. Paucar F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho R.G.S. Nogueira E.C.O. Cassiano D.C.Z. Vasquez L.A.R. Solórzano P.H.M. Rodrigues -
Open Access Article
54 - اثرات آنزیمهای بیرونی تجزیهکننده الیاف روی تخمیر شکمبهای علوفه ذرت جارویی وحشی در محیط آزمایشگاه
اس. سوجانی آ.ن. پاتهیرانا ر.ت. سرسینهه ک.ب. داسانایاکااین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر ا Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر از آنزیم­های فردی سلولاز و زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها (با نسبت 1 به 1) با 500 میلی­گرم سوبسترا انجام شد. تولید گازهای شکمبه­ای در فواصل چهار ساعت تعیین شدند. در پایان 24 ساعت انکوباسییون، ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، ازت آمونیاکی، جمعیت پروتوزوایی و اسیدهای چرب فرار تخمین زده شدند. مکمل کردن با سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوطی از آنها به­ طور معنی­داری تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن ماده خشک را افزایش داد. تولید ازت آمونیاکی به طور معنی­داری با زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها افزایش یافت. اگرچه مجموع اسیدهای چرب فرار تغییر معنی­داری نشان نداد، تولید استات به­ طور معنی­داری توسط مخلوط آنزیم سلولاز و زایلاناز کاهش یافت در حالیکه همین تیمار تولید بوتیرات را افزایش داد. تیمار سلولاز و زایلاناز منجر به کاهش معنی­دار در نسبت استات به پروپیونات شد. کاهش غیر معنی­داری در جمعیت پروتوزوایی شکمبه در پاسخ به تیمار آنزیمی مشاهده شد. در نتیجه، مکمل آنزیم­های بیرونی تجزیه­کننده الیاف در محیط آزمایشگاه توانست تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جارویی اکوتیپA را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه و دانه ارزن به عنوان جایگزین دانه ذرت
E.D. Bulus E.A. Ibe S.T. Yakubu I. Samuel O.J. Makindeاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) و دوره پایانی (5/21 درصد پروتیئن خام و 2900 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) فرموله شدند. جیره فرموله شده بر اساس دانه ذرت به عنوان جیره کنترل استفاده گردید. جیرههای 2، 3، 4 و 5 به ترتیب جیرههای براساس دانه ذرت سفید گینه، دانه ذرت زرد گینه، دانه ارزن مرواریدی و دانه ارزن انگشتی بودند. تعداد 225 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه از سویه مارشال به طور تصادفی به پنج جیره آزمایشی اختصاص یافتند. وزن پایانی و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجههای تغذیه شده با دانه ارزن مرواریدی و انگشتی در مراحل آغازین و پایانی بیشتر بود. جیره یر اساس دانه ارزن مرواریدی دارای بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و پایینترین هزینه برای هر واحد افزایش وزن بود. مصرف خوراک در مرحله آغازین در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه دزت گینه در مقایسه با جیره بر اساس دانه ذرت بالاتر بود. جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه ذرت گینه پایینترین وزن بدن، افزایش وززن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را در مرحله پایانی نشان دادند. نتیجه اینکه، جایگزنی کامل دانه ذرت با دانه ارزن یا دانه ذرت گینه در جیره جوجههای گوشتی به مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و ابقای مواد مغذی آسیبی نمیرساند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Essential oil Storage conditions affect the chemical composition in cultivated Mentha spicata
Jahangir Farahbakhsh Sharareh Najafian Mehdi Hosseini Farahi Sedigheh Gholipour -
Open Access Article
57 - Nitric oxide ameliorates salinity tolerance in Pyrodwarf pear (Pyrus communis) rootstocks by regulating polyamine content
Mehri Yousefi Lotfali Naseri Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of Main Anthocyanins in Skin of Forest Pear (Pyrus pyraster) (Sange Khouj) Fruit in Guilan Province of Iran
Ahmad Dadashpour Hassan MohammadAmooie Mohammad Jouki Naimeh KhazaeiThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The indivi MoreThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was the major compound, taking up 93% of the total anthocyanin content. The content of Cyanidin-3-galactoside reached 23.7±3.2 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, followed by the eighth peak (2.14%) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.23%). Pelargonidin- 3-rutinoside was identified for the first time in ordinary pear (P. communis L). DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays showed that the extract from the fruit peel of ‘Sange Khouj’ contained anthocyanins and possessed high antioxidant capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of Planting Density and Different Irrigation Regimes on of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Forage yield in Ahvaz climate condition
Mahdi Nasirpour Saeid ZakernezhadIn order to investigate the effect of planting density and different irrigation regimes on the yield of pearl millet in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2017, was carried out. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. MoreIn order to investigate the effect of planting density and different irrigation regimes on the yield of pearl millet in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2017, was carried out. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, the irrigation regime was considered as the main-plot at three levels (90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation from class-A evaporation pan) and the plant density as the sub-plot at four levels (20, 30, 40 and 50 plants/m2). The results showed the irrigation regime had a significant effect on fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry weight of stem, plant height, stem diameter, and chlorophyll a and b at 1% probability level. Also, the plant density had a significant effect on leaf fresh and dry weight, fresh and dry weight of stem, plant height and stem diameter at 1% probability level. The interaction of irrigation regime and plant density on leaf fresh and dry weight, fresh and dry weight of stem and plant height was significant at 1% probability level. In general, according to the results, it can be concluded that with increasing drought stress all measured traits decreased. Therefore, considering the environmental conditions of the experimental area as well as the economic aspects of applying and performing irrigation after 90 mm of the evaporation pan, treatment is more suitable. Also, among the densities studied, the density of 50 plants/m2 had the highest biological yield of total forage millet. As the final result, the best treatment was determined using a density of 50plants/m2 and irrigation after 90 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Analysis of Agro-Chemical Inputs Use in Maize Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Iwo Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Gafar Olawumi IyiowuIn spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical in MoreIn spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical inputs’ use in maize production among small scale farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield in the study area. It determined the factors affecting agro-chemical inputs’ use and the major constraints to its usage. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 105 respondents obtained through a two stage random sampling procedure. Analyticaltools employed for the study included Pearson Moment correlationand linear regression analysis. The study revealed a 78.5% positive and significant relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield (p< 0.01). High cost and irregularity of supplies, insufficient farm income and fear of health hazards were the major constraints to the use of agro-chemicals. The determinants of agro-chemical inputs’ use among the farmers were; farm size, income at p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Hydrochemical and statistical analysis of Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Meydavod-Sarleh plain
Manochehr Chitsazan Khadijeh Aghbarararian Saadat Rastegarzadeh -
Open Access Article
62 - China’s Maritime Interest and the Great Game at Seas
Peu Ghosh -
Open Access Article
63 - Experimental study of pour point and improving the rheological properties of Crude Oil using imidazolium-based ionic liquids
ali asghar paseban ali akbar miran beigi majid abdousIn this research, fluidity of crude oil at low temperatures was investigated on several Iranian oil samples by using two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). Both ILs have high solubility in crude oil. A 2000 ppm solution of [C14 mim][NTf2] exhibited more ability in d MoreIn this research, fluidity of crude oil at low temperatures was investigated on several Iranian oil samples by using two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). Both ILs have high solubility in crude oil. A 2000 ppm solution of [C14 mim][NTf2] exhibited more ability in decreasing pour point down to 12 °C. Wax crystals nucleation and growth were studied before and after of the addition of ILs. The results revealed that both the studied ILs could significantly decrease pour point of samples via delay in nucleation mechanism of wax crystals. Furthermore, in the presence of ILs rheological behavior of tested crude oils was improved. Besides, the viscosity at 23.5 °C and 15 °C was decreased 73% and 87%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Comparative Analysis of the Hero’s Mythical-Journey Stages with the Mystic’s Mystical-Journey Stages in English Literature
Mahmoud َAfrouz Traveling (mythological / mystical) is one of the topics covered by great writers of fiction. The present article compares the two models of travel in Iranian and world literature from mythological and mystical perspective. The Pearson-Marr archetypes refer to twe More Traveling (mythological / mystical) is one of the topics covered by great writers of fiction. The present article compares the two models of travel in Iranian and world literature from mythological and mystical perspective. The Pearson-Marr archetypes refer to twelve stages of the hero's mythological journey (innocent, orphan, warrior, protector, seeker, destroyer, lover, creator, governor, wizard, wise and clown). In Mantiq-u-Tayr, the outstanding book of Attār of Nishapur, seven stages of mystical journey (suluk) are mentioned as follows: search (talab); love (eshq); knowledge (marifat); unity (tohid); contentment (esteghnā); bewilderment (heirat); true poverty (faqr); nothingness (fanā). The purpose of the present article is to compare the Pearson-Marr archetypes with Attār's stages of mystical journey by examining John Bunyan's the Pilgrim’s Progress, a classic Christian novel with travel theme. Christian, the hero of the story, begins his journey from his hometown, the "City of Destruction" (this world), to the "Celestial City" (the Heaven). The research findings show that the main reason for the similarity between the two books (Mantiq-u-Tayr and the Pilgrim’s Progress) is their religious background. Although there is no one-to-one correspondence between the stages of the journey in the two models of Attār and Pearson-Mar, but since John Bunyan's book is about a mythological-mystical journey, the steps that his protagonist (Christian) goes through fit into both patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Nostalgia of the Soul in "The Hymn of the Pearl" and "Exiled in the West"; A Comparative Study
nasrin vakilian FATEMEH LAJEVARDI ABOLGHASEM ESMAILPOUR MOTLAGH Belief in the descent of the soul to the material realm and its return to its higher state and homeland is the core of the teachings of the Gnostic School as well as Islamic mysticism. This belief is manifested in two allegorical stories: “The Hymn of the Pe More Belief in the descent of the soul to the material realm and its return to its higher state and homeland is the core of the teachings of the Gnostic School as well as Islamic mysticism. This belief is manifested in two allegorical stories: “The Hymn of the Pearl” and “Exiled in the West: The Mystical Narration of Shihab Al-Din Suhrawardi's Recital of the Occidental Exile” The former is a reflection of Gnostic epistemological thoughts and the latter being an expression of Suhrawardi's intellectual-philosophical system. By a comparative analytical approach and using library method, the present article tires to decipher these two stories to depict the basic worldviews of Gnosticism and Suhrawardi through these two treatises, to reread the commonalities and differences between them, and in this way, achieve achievements by comparing and intertextually examining the two stories. Despite the great intellectual differences between these two worldviews, the findings of the research show many commonalities. Among the common themes of two stories, we can refer to spiritual nostalgia, East-West worldview, the presence of an old man and a spiritual guide, being informant, as well as the symbolic and mythological structure of both stories. Themes such as the return and the second birth, the Divine intervention in all things, and the non-dualistic worldview, that are referred in Exiled in the West, are the differences between the two stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Functions of Farr in Mohammadreza Yousefi's Adaptations of Shānāmeh; A Bio-Oriented Approach
zahra parsapoor fateme mohamadzadeThe concept of Farr, as one of the mythological ideas, refers to the relationship between humans and nature. Those who believed in myths believed that Farr, or the divine power, exists in all beings, both human and animal, and causes them to perfect their functions. In MoreThe concept of Farr, as one of the mythological ideas, refers to the relationship between humans and nature. Those who believed in myths believed that Farr, or the divine power, exists in all beings, both human and animal, and causes them to perfect their functions. In Shānāmeh, this power is sometimes associated with animal symbols, highlighting the synchronization of humans and nature in establishing order and preserving nature from the power of anti-nature during mythological times. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, focuses on the function of Farr in Mohammadrezā Yousefi's adaptations of Shānāmeh, written for children and teenagers. In his works, Farr, in the form of animals such as a bird (Spida) and a lamb (Farhan), creates order and saves both humans and nature from the elements of antinature, such as Divan (demons), drought, and severe cold. The research shows that Yousefi has presented Farr's animal symbols in a mythological way for his audience with a bio-oriented approach. In these works, Farr is a part of nature that fights against evil, restores order, and helps in the survival of both humans and non-humans. In later historical periods, the role of Farr changes, and it is placed at the service of political and social order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Heroes Who Disappeared; Decoding the Myth of "the Disappearance of the Heroes" in Some Stories
Leilā Valizādeh Pāshā Mahdi NikmaneshThe disappearance of the heroes and protagonists is one of the noteworthy points in Iranian fiction. At first, the current study analyzes some literary works of various nations and then, concludes that similar examples of "the disappearance of the heroes" are found in t MoreThe disappearance of the heroes and protagonists is one of the noteworthy points in Iranian fiction. At first, the current study analyzes some literary works of various nations and then, concludes that similar examples of "the disappearance of the heroes" are found in the literature of other nations. Also, it concludes that the subject has been a common theme among different ethnicities from the prehistoric to the current era. The next step is to explain the reason for this similarity, supporting the hypothesis of commonality in the literature of various nations. The authors consider the subject of "the disappearance of the heroes" from six different aspects and tries to answer these questions: What are the characters of heroes who disappear? Why do they disappear? What is the connection between the heroes and the place of disappearing (cave, mountain and etc.)? Since the subject of the present study fits well with archetypes of hero, time, journey, immortality, death and reborn, return and etc., the subject of the disappearance of the heroes and protagonists are studied by using the archetypal criticism following the theories of Jung, Eliade and Campbell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Distribution of Pearl oysters (Pinctada spp.) and estimation of abundance of Pinctada radiata in Bushehr coastal areas, Persian Gulf
N. NiamaimandiStudy on distribution of pearl oysters (Pinctada spp.) throughout the period of September 2008 – 2009 and stock assessment of Pinctada radiata in the four months (September, March, May and July) of the year were carried out in Bushehr coastal areas (from 50˚ 38&ac MoreStudy on distribution of pearl oysters (Pinctada spp.) throughout the period of September 2008 – 2009 and stock assessment of Pinctada radiata in the four months (September, March, May and July) of the year were carried out in Bushehr coastal areas (from 50˚ 38´ - 29˚ 27´ to 52˚ 41´ – 27˚ 17´). The objectives of this study were identifying location of pearl oysters (Pinctada spp.) and also estimation of abundance of Pinctada radiata (live shell) in Bushehr coasts. Regular samples were obtained at some months of a year from in four areas at low tide. Some transects were selected at random direction in every area, to cover all the shell beds. In each transects one or two sampling quadrats (0.25 m2) were placed at random. Samples (empty and live bivalves) were identified and counted. Some of the samples were transferred to a bag and taken back to the institute lab for identification and further analysis. In this study the percentage of samples was used to show the distribution of the species in different areas. Faunal corelation between stations was calculated by Sorensen formula. In the studied areas, distribution of oyster shell was identified in the Golestan, Ouli, Nayband and Ganaveh. Maximum faunal corelation (49%) was found between Golestan and Ganaveh while Golestan and Nayband showed minimum faunal corelation (25%). In the shore line area of Genaveh live oyster, Pinctada radiata were sampled. The abunce estimation of this species was maximum in July (Tir) 60.5 shells per 100 m2 and minimum in March (Esfand) 3 per 100 m2. Mean abundance for this species was estimated to be 27.7 ± 24.2 shells per 100 m2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Default of appearance before an International Arbitration Tribunal with emphasizing on c China and the Philippines Case
seyed fakhrodin mokhtari mohammad ali solhchi mansour pournouriObservance of the adversarial principle is associated with that the trial is not conducted in the absence of one parties. On the other hand, observing the interests of the party that has referred to the competent tribunal requires continued consideration and issuance fi MoreObservance of the adversarial principle is associated with that the trial is not conducted in the absence of one parties. On the other hand, observing the interests of the party that has referred to the competent tribunal requires continued consideration and issuance final decision. If a country can deprive the jurisdiction from the competent tribunal by not appearing, this will severely undermine the credibility of peaceful dispute resolution. China issued a plan to the UN Secretary-General in 2009 and announced the drawing of a Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea. The Philippines as the most protesting country, alleges an international dispute over the incompatibility of China's Nine-Dash Line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and on January 22, 2013, citing the provisions of the Convention, it referred its case against China to an arbitration tribunal under Section 7, Chapter 15 of the Convention. China declined to participate in all proceedings because it considered the arbitration tribunal incompetent to hear the dispute. This article intends to examine the validity of the dispute resolution process in the event of default to appear before the competent tribunal. The concise conclusion of this article is that the country absent from the proceedings is still considered as a party to the dispute and mere absence will not cause the deterioration of this position or the loss of competence of the competent tribunal but special tasks are established for the competent tribunal, which are examined in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Interpretation of the Revealed Texts from the Perspective of Islamic Commentators Relying on the Interpretive View of Allameh Tabatabai
yadollah malekiInterpretation is one of the words that have been used in Quoran science, commentary, Hadith, jurisprudence, language, philosophy, and mysticism. In the long term, this controversial term and its nature have been expressed by scholars and commentators. Commentators, mys MoreInterpretation is one of the words that have been used in Quoran science, commentary, Hadith, jurisprudence, language, philosophy, and mysticism. In the long term, this controversial term and its nature have been expressed by scholars and commentators. Commentators, mystics, theologians, and introspectionists, even empiricist, somehow express diferent interpretations of these words. Thus, the result has been different perceptions that are sometimes incompatible. In this study, as well as investigating the difference between interpretation and commentry and reviewing the meanings of these words, interpretation in Quoran and some of the commentators’ perceptions have also been investigated specially from Allame Tabatabaee’s views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Overview the Factors Affecting the Discharge of Contaminated Insulators and Intelligent Change Some of Them to Reduce the Discharge Intensity
Yadullah Shafiei Faramarz Faghihi Amir Hossein Salemi Hossein Heydari -
Open Access Article
72 - A Novel Method for Improving Cold Start Challenge in Recommender Systems through Users Demographics Information
Taravat Abedini Alireza Hedayati Ali Harounabadi -
Open Access Article
73 - Study of Correlations and regression analysis between quantitative and qualitative characteristics in different cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)in different planting pattern
Gholamreza Hamzehpour احمد توبه پریسا شیخ زادهPlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cult MorePlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cultivars at three levels (Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and R.G.S 003), second factor row of three levels (20, 30 and 40 cm) and third factor was plants interval on row at two levels including 5 and 10 cm. The triple effect of cultivars × distance between rows × between plants on row was significant on number of pods per plant, seeds number, one thousand seeds weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield and grain nitrogen content. The highest seed yield (3875 kg/ha) obtained in plant spacing of 5 cm × 20 cm row spacing × Hyola308. Oil yield was highest in row spacing 20 and 30 cm and highest protein content obtained in Hyola 308 with plants interval of 30 × 5 cm, respectively. Seed yield had significant positive correlation with biological yield (r=0.85**), harvest index (r=0.44**), oil percentage (r=0.38*), oil yield (r=0.84**), protein percentage (r=0.46**), protein yield (r=0.89**) and seed nitrogen (r=0.47**). Stepwise regression analysis, grain yield as dependent trait is influenced by the three variables, protein yield, protein percentage and oil yield regression model, totally 95% of the variations in grain yield was related to these three traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to grain yield of wheat
R. Seied Sharifi P. Ghanbari H. Kamari In order to study the interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to yield of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized c More In order to study the interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to yield of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2012. Factors were: nitrogen rates in three levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) from urea and seed inoculation with free living nitrogen fixing bacteria in five levels containing: without inoculation (as control), seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF, Psedomunas putida strains of 4 and 11. Results showed that maximum of grain yield (3829.5 kg/ha), yield components and leaf appearance rate belonged to application of N180×seed inoculation with Azotobacter and minimum was obtained from N0 × control. Maximum dry matter remobilization from stem and shoot organs was obtained from N0× control. In conclusion, to increase grain yield and decrease phyllochron, application of N180 × seed inoculation with Azotobacter can be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Toxicity and Repellency Effects of, Achillea Millefolium and Lavandula Angustifolia and Mentha Piperita Plants Extracts on Bracon Hebetor Adult Insect
Negin Tolou Manizheh Jamshidi Mohammad Jafarlou , Seyedeh Masoomeh HasheminiaBracon hebetor say bee is one of the most important biological control factors that can be effective in controlling larvae of lepidoptera pests such as Helicoverpa armigera hubner at acceptable economic level. The present review was aimed at studying probable adverse ef MoreBracon hebetor say bee is one of the most important biological control factors that can be effective in controlling larvae of lepidoptera pests such as Helicoverpa armigera hubner at acceptable economic level. The present review was aimed at studying probable adverse effects of Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts on adult insect of the B. hebetor bee. The bee was grown on last instar larvae of Ephestia kueheniella Zell. All bioassay experiments were carried out at temperature of 26±1 °C and relative humidity of 60±5, and under photoperiod conditions of 16 hours of lightness and 8 hours of darkness. Findings of the study indicated that spearmint plant had the highest lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities and other plants, respectively, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita had the least lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities. The estimated LC50 value for spearmint plant at 48 hours was 6 microliters/ml in fumigant toxicity and 3.2 microliter/ml in contact toxicity. Repellency effect of spearmint, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts was studied on adult insect using tube -Y olfactory-meter device. Cotton wool soaked with the extract was placed at one end of the device and the other end was closed with web and the insects were released in the main branch. Each iteration of the experiment was conducted on 20 insects. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data related to repellency effect of the studied extracts indicated that being a stronger repellant compared to other two extracts, spearmint extract with lower concentration can repel adult insects of B. hebetor bee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Air Pollutants in Jiangsu Province, China
Anbu Clemensis Johnson -
Open Access Article
77 - Perception, Disappearance, Transmission in Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia Based on Virilio's Theory of Dromology
سانیا بیات حسن شهابی Fatemeh BornakiThe purpose of this essay is to investigate Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia based on Virilio’s theory. Virilio's theory of dromology shows how the human being's viewpoint is shifted by the increase in speed, and how this matter engenders otherness and subjectivity leadi MoreThe purpose of this essay is to investigate Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia based on Virilio’s theory. Virilio's theory of dromology shows how the human being's viewpoint is shifted by the increase in speed, and how this matter engenders otherness and subjectivity leading towards a panoptical power. One might say that the future robots are also presented in Lewis's stories: it is the contention of this study that the robots from the other world are the very human beings in the future which are brought closer by the medium of the other devices from the future, which is sweeping the time limitations, through velocity. Lewis's characters act as mirrors to the readers, as a visual equipment to examine oneself, reflecting the reader's own image and the image of their wishes being fulfilled through their researches and innovations. Lewis has explained how the worldview of these characters transfer them into creatures other than what they have been, for what differentiates self from other is the viewpoint through which the world is seen. Lewis's characters can be seen as the representatives of the society. Since the main argument of this essay is to depict the characters of the series are cyborg and live in a cyborg discourse, the principles of panopticon discourse must be used to support and prove the argument. The characters seem to be teleologically purposeful, but their purposes are negatively woven with the negative facets of human being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The embodiment of similar motifs in the body of two narratives namely Rostam and Esfandiyar and Macbeth
Davood KhazaieThe world of Macbeth is a wasteland where temptation awaits those who are inclined towards it. This drama is a tragedy of fear and trembling, butchery, violence, crime and above all annihilation. Everything happens in a fast pace, yet swftness exists alongsi MoreThe world of Macbeth is a wasteland where temptation awaits those who are inclined towards it. This drama is a tragedy of fear and trembling, butchery, violence, crime and above all annihilation. Everything happens in a fast pace, yet swftness exists alongside slowness in order to emphasize the paradoxical structure of the play. The main characters undergo changes in the course of the play and in different stages present variety of linguistic features. Their world are pictured in terms of moral, political and religious ideas. Ambition, bravery, fear, evil, injustice, isolation, and dispair are clearly illustrated. The purpose of this article is to discuss and compare the main motifs such as Farr, two bodies of kings, the concept of time, order versus inorder, downfall of the heroic era, invincibility, absurdity, and supernatural forces in Rostam and Esfandyar, the greatest epic tale in Shahnameh and in Macbeth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The analysis of the quality of the awakening of the hero within in character of Seyavash and Kay Khosrow based on the theory of Pearson- K. Marr
Mohammad Javad Assarian Sayyed Ali Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Hossein SardaghiWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human MoreWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human character archetypes to them. This research is based on the psychological and archetypal approach used by Carol S. Pearson and Hugh K. Marr in the theory of “Awakening the hero within” and Joseph Campbell’s theory in “The hero’s journey”. Descriptive analytic method was used to prove the above theories in life stories of Seyavash and Kay khosrow in Shahnameh. The result of this analysis seems to suggest that their lives begin with the archetype “orphan” becomes intrinsic in them despite the changes brought about in their characters and in their life condition, this archetype almost evolves symbolically with death in Siayvash. The outward and objective expression of this evolutionary transformation and awakening is manifested in Kay Khosrow in the form of “sage” archetype which leads to his awakening. Therefore the process of Ferdowsi’s characterization from Seyavash to Kay Khosrow both from the aspect of cycle of life and death ( Plant god and martyre in Seyavash’s being to fertility goddess and life in Kay Khosrow’s being) and the quality of the here’s journey are complementary. Manuscript profile
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