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Open Access Article
1 - The consequences study of new communication technologies on the Learning Process
Bahare bakhshi Maryam khorsan Hamidreza hoseini dana Sepehr dadjoi tavakoliThis study has been done to investigate the consequences study of new communication technologies on The LearningProcess. Nowadays, there are vast changes in communications world. All the organizations are facing with rapid changes inthe information and electronic commun MoreThis study has been done to investigate the consequences study of new communication technologies on The LearningProcess. Nowadays, there are vast changes in communications world. All the organizations are facing with rapid changes inthe information and electronic communications age. Institution of education is one of the largest producers and consumers,and certainly the most important storage of information and knowledge. This organization is facing to rapid change.Therefore, for students schools are the most suitable places for developing understanding of the technology. Globaladvancement in communication technologies have caused to the vast expansion of learning opportunities and access to theeducational resources and training.The purpose of this study is to determine the role of new communication technologies (e-learning) in learning process. Themethod of research is survey method. This study includes 2 hypothesis and 6 questions. The research apply questionnaire fordata collection. The study population included male and female employees of education organization, which is include 30people.The result showed that new communication technologies (e-learning) improves the learning process and increases the qualityof learning. It increases also domination on learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Class Scale in Promotion of Students’ Participation in Active Learning Process (Case Study: Male Students of a Secondary School in Shiraz)
ali akbar heidari Yaghowb Peyvastehgar Saeed Gandomkar -
Open Access Article
3 - The approach of improving the quality of the teaching-learning process in the formulation and design of the research-oriented school model
Hossein Palar Taraneh Enayati Mohammad SalehiPurpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the approach of improving the quality of the teaching-learning process in the formulation and design of the research-oriented school model. Method: The research method is mixed and the statistical population in t MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the approach of improving the quality of the teaching-learning process in the formulation and design of the research-oriented school model. Method: The research method is mixed and the statistical population in the qualitative part is experts, experts, specialists and key people of education and higher education, in the accreditation part, a group of experts and specialists of Mazandaran education and in the quantitative part, teachers of elementary, first and secondary courses. Mazandaran province was second in the academic year of 1402-1401 with a number of 39041 people. In the qualitative sections, 22 experts were selected using the snowball sampling method, 20 experts were selected for validation using the targeted method, and 380 were selected using the quantitative method using the relative cluster method. The data were extracted and analyzed in qualitative sections through the Foundation's data method with interviews, validation through the implementation of the Delphi technique with a survey checklist, and quantitative through structural equation modeling with a 118-item questionnaire. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative phase of the acceptability and confirmability methods, in the validation phase of experts' review and review, and in the quantitative phase, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by three methods: form, content and structure. Reliability was estimated and confirmed by three methods of determining factor loadings of items, Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.738 and 0.86) and combined reliability (between 0.843 and 0.9). Findings: According to the results of the qualitative section, the paradigm model has 11 dimensions and 24 components as follows; Causal conditions (futuristic thinking about research, the attitude of research-education development, the necessity of research-oriented in education and the weakness of the education-oriented system), contextual conditions (upstream policies, curricula, educational contents, facilities and infrastructures and students' motivation), intervention conditions (Leadership of educational system administrators, material and non-material support, religious-national values, research-based evaluation, developing critical spirit and problem solving), strategy (creativity and rationalization of education, empowerment of human resources, motivational incentives, workshops and festivals) scientific research, creating a research-oriented environment and spreading a research-oriented culture) and consequences (educational consequences, individual consequences, educational system consequences and social consequences). The results of the validation section indicated the confirmation of the components identified in the qualitative section and the results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions and components of the research model were confirmed. Conclusion: In order to improve the research-oriented school, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of the technical core of the school, i.e. the teaching-learning process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Teaching and Learning Rules and Etiquette in the Process of Education
Esa Bahrami Abbas Ali Heydari Mahmmod GhayomzadehThe purpose of the present study is to review teaching and learning rules and etiquette in the process of education. The method of study was documentary-qualitative by which teaching and learning common responsibilities in educational Fiqh (jurisprudence), teacher and s MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review teaching and learning rules and etiquette in the process of education. The method of study was documentary-qualitative by which teaching and learning common responsibilities in educational Fiqh (jurisprudence), teacher and student etiquette before, during, and after teaching as well as their relative rules were explored. The results of the study indicate that teaching and learning etiquette in terms of classification enjoys ethical, spiritual, mental, and technical aspects. The responsibility of teachers and students is different with respect to their role; and their commitment to the implementation of those duties makes the process of education effective. Teaching and learning etiquette in the process of education is classified into three stages before, during, and after teaching which require appropriate behavior from both teachers and students. Teaching and learning rules guarantee personal and social interests of teachers and learners in this world and the hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Relationship between Learning Style Preferences and Nationality Background: A Case Study of Iranian and Iraqi University EFL Students
Sediqeh Vahdat Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Faezeh MohammadnejadThis study investigated the relationship between learning style preferences and the nationality background of Iranian and Iraqi University EFL students. A total number of 40 male and female participants, 20 Iraqi and 20 Iranian, majoring in EFL, took part in this study. MoreThis study investigated the relationship between learning style preferences and the nationality background of Iranian and Iraqi University EFL students. A total number of 40 male and female participants, 20 Iraqi and 20 Iranian, majoring in EFL, took part in this study. To conduct the study, a qualitative-quantitative method was used which encompassed two kinds of data-gathering instruments: a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The first instrument was Cohen, Oxford, and Chi's (2001) online learning style survey questionnaire which assessed the participants’ general approaches to learning, and the second instrument was a semi-structured interview that asked some other questions not covered by the questionnaire. Prior to using the learning style survey questionnaire, a pilot study was conducted to validate and refine the questionnaire. Statistical procedures such as descriptive statistics which consisted of Mean, Skewness, Kurtosis, and Standard Deviation were used. Moreover, the Chi-square, Cramer’s V, and T value were used to analyze the collected data. The obtained results revealed that the relationship between learning style preferences and nationality background was meaningful and the learning styles of students from these two nationalities were different from each other. From a quantitative standpoint, Iranian learners were more open-oriented learners, while Iraqi participants were more closure-oriented in their learning process. The results also revealed that not only the Learning Style Preferences (LSPs) were different across groups, but also were various for individuals in each group. The results of this study offer valuable insights for teachers who are working with learners from diverse nationalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Pathology of teaching methods in teaching and learning process: from the view point of teachers and students in Isfahan high school
afsaneh abdoli ebrahim mirshahjafari javad liaghatdar fatemeh zeynoddiniThe purpose of this study was identifying pathologies in teaching methods in Isfahan high school. Hence, descriptive- survey method was used. The statistical population of this research included teachers and students of Isfahan high schools, who had been educating MoreThe purpose of this study was identifying pathologies in teaching methods in Isfahan high school. Hence, descriptive- survey method was used. The statistical population of this research included teachers and students of Isfahan high schools, who had been educating in academic year 85-86 whose number were as 8097 teachers and 140250 students. By means of cluster sampling and stratified random sampling as well as evaluating the falling measure of the test; sample size was estimated as two groups of 110 and 240. Then, by eliminating problematic questionnaires, 95 teachers and 206 students were selected as the statistical sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which included 20 closed questions in Likert range and an open question. Reliability coefficients of the teachers' and students' questionnaires were measured as 0/99 and 0/98, using Alpha Corn Bach, respectively. Also to measure the questionnaires' validity, content-dependent method was used. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and inferential ones were utilized. The findings showed that measure of pathology teaching methods from the view points of the teachers and the students was more than the average level. From the teachers' view points, the most destructive factors were as "lack of teachers' care to teaching practical skills" and "teachers' professional and scientific low level". Most of damages from the prospective of the students, also, were related to "the teachers' high expectation of students", "disregarding the spontaneous responses of students", and "lack of attention to the interests of the students". Further results also showed that there were significant difference between the teachers' and the students' attitude toward existing issues. Based on their gender and educational background, the teachers expressed different idea, too, but no significant difference was observed based on the teachers' degree. Also, there was a significant difference between students' opinion based on their majors and the area of their education, but no significant differences was found based on their gender and grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Modelling the relationship between primary teachers’ cognitive characteristics and information and communicication technologies (ICT’S) in teaching-learning process
Ebrahim Mardani Aliakbar Aminbeidokhti Alimohammad RezaeiThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the structural relationships between a number of primary teachers’ cognitive variables and ICT integration in teaching–learning process. These variables comprise “teachers’ constructivist tea MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the structural relationships between a number of primary teachers’ cognitive variables and ICT integration in teaching–learning process. These variables comprise “teachers’ constructivist teaching beliefs”, “teachers’ technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK)”, and “teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use in education”. The population in this study included all primary teachers in Abadan city (N=784). Using a simple random sampling technique 220 teachers were selected as research sample. A survey instrument, comprised of 4 scales related to four constructs of the study (TPACK scale 17 items, constructivist teaching beliefs 9 items, ICT attitude 8 items, and ICT use scale 9 items) was used to collect data for analysis. The data analyses used correlational analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the research hypotheses and hypothesized model. Path modeling was also used to explore the direct and indirect effects of the teacher’s cognitive variables on ICT integration in teaching- learning process. Results showed that ICT integration positively and significantly correlates with teacher’s cognitive variables. The results of a path analysis model showed that ICT integration could be directly and indirectly predicted by teacher’s cognitive variables (constructivist teaching beliefs, ICT attitudes in education, technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge).It was also revealed that attitude toward ICT use in education is the most powerful predictor of ICT integration in teaching–learning process. Additionally, the proposed model had an adequate fit to observed relationships between teacher’s cognitive variables and ICT use in teaching–learning process. The research model can serve as a base model for future studies. Finally, Implications for educational administrators, policy makers and further research were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Payam Noor University professorsâ readiness to use E-learning
Mojtaba Rezaei RadThis research was carried out in 2011 to evaluate the amount of professors’ readiness to use E-learning in training – learning process according to descriptive survey method (field study). The statistical population was consisted of 140 faculty member of Pay MoreThis research was carried out in 2011 to evaluate the amount of professors’ readiness to use E-learning in training – learning process according to descriptive survey method (field study). The statistical population was consisted of 140 faculty member of Payam Noor University of Mazandaran. Among them, 103 persons were selected randomly as samples according to Krejcie -Morgan table. For data collection, the researcher-made questionnaire was used. For data validity, the professors΄ judgment in this field was considered and the questionnaire reliability was 0.80, calculated according to Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed by using the means of descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, one way variance). The results of this study showed that the rate of using E-learning environments by professors, their knowledge to work in these environments and their accessibility to these environments were at intermediate level, their skill rate to work in these environments were low and their attitude and belief to E-learning effectiveness in training and learning process were high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identifying the barriers and challenges in performing the descriptive evaluation plan
نرگس کشتی آرای اکرم کریمی علویجه احمد علی فروغی ابربThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers and challenges for executing the descriptive evaluation plan from primary school teacher’s point of view and the responsible experts of primary education. The research method was descriptive and su MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers and challenges for executing the descriptive evaluation plan from primary school teacher’s point of view and the responsible experts of primary education. The research method was descriptive and survey kind. The first third grade primary school teachers as well as the responsible experts in this field in Isfahan were included in the study with the number of 3097 individuals. The sampling method was done randomly. The samples were consisted of 165 teachers and 9 responsible experts. The relevant information was analyzed by utilizing the researcher’s questionnaire including 72 questions in 11 domains. The relation between education was observed by using single variables, unilateral variance and t-test independent analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.95) was calculated for the reliability and validity. It was including the outward validity, content, orientation validity. The obtained results indicated about the barriers and challenges of descriptive evaluation plan from the teachers’ point of views. They were as follows: the framework and educational resources teachers accurate education parents justification organization factors scholastic books schedule suitable status relation between education organization and the university parents lack of cooperation methods of using from descriptive evaluation means teaching and learning process students mental health promotion. The barriers and challenges of this plan from the viewpoints of responsible experts were specified hereunder: the students’ mental health promotion and new concepts of education and training zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the role of physical learning environments in the formation of personal behaviors toward a high-quality learning process
Sarah Alijani Amirreza karimiazeri -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison of Teaching-Learning Status of Teachers of Three Courses in Kalibar City Based on Assure Model
ali yari gharadaghlu Moosa Piri sirous asadiyanThe purpose of the present study was to compare the teaching status of teachers in primary, middle and high school in the Kalibar city based on the Assure model. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all teachers in all th MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the teaching status of teachers in primary, middle and high school in the Kalibar city based on the Assure model. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all teachers in all three courses (primary, middle and high school) in the city of Kalibar with 575 people, which were selected as a sample using the Krejcie & Morgan table. The tool used, was the questionnaire that had 29 questions. Specialists were used to determine the face and content validity, and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, with the total reliability of the questionnaire equivalent to 0.913. descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and Kruskal-Walli's test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the teaching-learning status of teachers in all three courses in the Kalibar in the dimension of learners' analysis and the use of media and tools; But there is a difference in the statement of goals, selection of methods, media and tools, participation of learners, and evaluation and feedback. Finally, it can be said that the Assure model components have been somewhat considered in different courses, but in some of the components of this model there was a significant difference between the average, and in most of the components, elementary teachers were better Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The study of related factors to guidance school teachers using amount from ICT in Teaching and Learning process
Mohsen Abbasi Asl Adel Zahed Babelan Yousef NamvarThe present study was carried out to investigate the related factors to the amount of using ICT in Teaching and Learning process by guidance school teachers in Germi city in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. To gather the data a researcher made MoreThe present study was carried out to investigate the related factors to the amount of using ICT in Teaching and Learning process by guidance school teachers in Germi city in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. To gather the data a researcher made questionnaire with 22 questions on Likert scale was used. The face validity was certified by experts. Using Cronbach alfa the reliability was 0/89. The statistical population was 210 teacher out of which 204 (87 female & 117 male) were chosen as the sample size. The descriptive and inferential statistical were used to analyze the data. The explanatory factor analysis was used to tests the hypotheses. The result showed that the accessibility to ICT, organization culture of the schools and individual factors can predict usige ICT in guidance schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Social Factors on Designing Participatory Educational Spaces (Emphasizing the Production of Space and Young Experts’ Opinions)
Reyhane Nikravesh Seyed Gholamreza Islami Jaleh Sabernejad Abdolhossein Kalantari -
Open Access Article
14 - The Relationship between the Dimensions of Blended Learning and Learning Quality: A Case of PNU
Hossein NajafiThe purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between the dimensions and indicators of blended learning andimproving learning quality in Payame Noor University. This research was carried out as a descriptive survey. The statistical population consi MoreThe purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between the dimensions and indicators of blended learning andimproving learning quality in Payame Noor University. This research was carried out as a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of 4000 faculty members of Payame Noor University. Among them and based on Krejcie and Morgan Table 343 people were selected as sample using random sampling method. Data were collected using two questionnaires: blended learning questionnaire and learning quality questionnaire. Expert opinion was used to identify the components of these variables. Consequently, four dimensions were identified for blended learning- i.e. pedagogy, psychology, technology, and learning style-with 32 items and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. Learning quality was measured using seven components and 48 items (a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83). To analyze the data, correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in PLS software. Preliminary results showed that blended learning and learning quality in Payame Noor University are at acceptable levels. Final results indicated that blended learning and three of its components (i.e. pedagogy, technology and learning style) had a significant effect on learning quality. However, the Psychology dimension had no significant effect on the quality of learning. In addition, the results showed that the model fits the data well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Representation Challenges of Virtual Training in Iran's Higher Education System: A Study of Phenomenological Approach
Mahdi Ghorbankhani Keivan SalehiVirtual training is a unique opportunity to face the limitations of face to face training, realization of the education goals for all and contextualization for sustainable and balanced development in the country. The present study was done to analyze the perceptions and MoreVirtual training is a unique opportunity to face the limitations of face to face training, realization of the education goals for all and contextualization for sustainable and balanced development in the country. The present study was done to analyze the perceptions and lived experience of students and faculty members about the challenges of virtual training in higher education. For this purpose, phenomenological method was used to identify and representation the depth of the phenomenon under study. Data were collected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with twenty students and faculty members of virtual courses of University of Tehran and were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. In the sixteenth interview data saturation was achieved but to validate the findings continued interviews until the twentieth person. Analysis of the interviews led to the identification of five main categories, including challenges related to the 'University', 'professors', 'students', 'LMS' and 'virtual class'. The results showed that virtual training in the higher education system are facing diverse challenges and is very far to achieve optimal conditions and improve the quality requires a serious attention of custodians and lack of discrimination in this type of education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effective Factors on not Using Teaching Aids in the Process of Teaching and Learning from Teachers’ Point of View in Mazandaran Province
Sadraddin Sattari AbdolReza JafarnejadThe purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the populat MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the population was all teachers at high schools with more than two years service life. Out of the whole statistical population, 360 were selected randomly as sample, based on the Morgan table. The data collection was done through a researcher made questionnaire. In analysis of the collected data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results showed that several factors were effective on not using of teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning, including: negative attitude of teachers toward teaching aids, shortage and non availability of such aids, the crowding of students in each class, not mastery of teachers in using teaching aids, and inefficiency in way of school management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Improving Teaching-Learning Process and Experience Based on Students, Faculty and Staff Perspectives
ماری هولز کلوز لیسا کسلر ویکرام کوندینیاIn order to make strategic decisions, the new leadership team at the College of Agriculture at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona conducted a series of focus group interviews with its students, faculty, and staff members. The purpose of this qualitative MoreIn order to make strategic decisions, the new leadership team at the College of Agriculture at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona conducted a series of focus group interviews with its students, faculty, and staff members. The purpose of this qualitative study was to poll the opinions of these important stakeholders to improve the teaching-learning process in the college, to promote job satisfaction among the employees, to better fulfill the college’s mission of advancing learning and knowledge, and to prepare students for lifelong learning and leadership in agricultural careers. Six themes emerged from student groups and four from faculty/staff groups, with lack of resources emerging as a common theme from both groups. The leadership team deliberated on the findings, and the results of this study provided the leadership team with specific items to solve needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Identifying the opportunities and challenges of the teaching-learning process in the educational management of the border regions of Ilam province
Aref Pirani Shadman Kazemzadeh Masuod Nazarzadeh Hasan MomeniBorder regions have always had opportunities and challenges due to their special conditions. The teaching-learning process is also very important in these areas due to the lack of research. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify the opportuniti MoreBorder regions have always had opportunities and challenges due to their special conditions. The teaching-learning process is also very important in these areas due to the lack of research. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify the opportunities and challenges of the teaching-learning process in the border areas of Ilam province. The method of the present study was qualitative according to the exploratory aspect. The study population included the border areas of Dehloran and Mehran cities in the academic year of 1400-401. Based on the theoretical saturation rule, 22 teachers were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews with an average duration of 40 minutes per interview. The views of the participants and some professors were used to validate the findings. Also, for reliability, the text of several interviews was analyzed and the agreement coefficient between the coders was 87%. Coding date was also used to analyze the findings. The findings showed that the opportunities of the teaching-learning process in border areas include 5 central themes (utilizing the capacity of virtual education, "utilizing the provincial television network", "utilizing the capacity to purchase educational services", "utilizing the capacity of border settlements and exploiting the material benefits of established companies) and challenges. Includes 15 pivotal themes (Infrastructure and Weaknesses of Infrastructure), Effects of Geographical Isolation on Education ,Challenges Related to Trafficking Consequences of War , Distance from the Center Unculture of Cultural Workers to Serve in Border Areas Parents hindered interaction in education, "lack of standard educational spaces in border areas", "early marriage of schoolgirls", "early entry of children into the labor market", "cultural poverty of families", "institutional inefficiency and environmental challenges". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Evaluation of the Teaching Process of Elementary School Math Teachers on the Basis of Differentiated Instruction Approach
Mohammad AhmadidehGhotboddini Jafar Najafi Zand Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the teaching process of the elementary school math teachers on the basis of the differentiated instruction approach. A field study was applied and the needed data were collected through purposive sampling using the To More Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the teaching process of the elementary school math teachers on the basis of the differentiated instruction approach. A field study was applied and the needed data were collected through purposive sampling using the Tomlinson’s class observation and collected data analyzed by weighed mean method and then fit on favorite continuum. The study findings showed that the teachers were on average level in respect to such factors as: students'' comfortable feeling when asking questions or asking for help, showing effective management and leadership in classes, having relationship with students individually during the teaching process, assessing the students to insure understanding and the student’s awareness of the teaching objectives. Meanwhile the teachers were at a low level in the other aspects like providing guidance for focusing on learning objectives, paying attention to student’s questions during teaching, helping students in understanding their points of strength, stating clear instructions for doing homework, emphasizing on competing with selves and not with others, introducing proper standards for learning and paying attention to students with physical and behavioral disorders. These findings indicate a lack of familiarity of the teachers in this study with the constructive approaches and their applications is teaching and learning in classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Designing the model of teaching-learning system in Islamic Azad University
mahmood asadi Mohammad Naghi Imani MasoumehM AlaadianThe aim of the current research is to design a model of teaching-learning system in Islamic Azad University. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but testing and checking the application of knowledge, so the method of this research MoreThe aim of the current research is to design a model of teaching-learning system in Islamic Azad University. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but testing and checking the application of knowledge, so the method of this research is applied in terms of the goal and it was done in an exploratory way. The method of data collection was done quantitatively and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Therefore, on this basis, 269 people from all managers, assistants, professors and employees of the Islamic Azad University of Damavand branch cooperated in this research. The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. After conducting the research, the results showed that: the component of occupational, educational attitudes and learning motivation, the component of student preparation and self-efficacy, the component of active participation in learning, the component of motivation and attitude to transfer, the component of internal norm and perceived behavioral control and memorization, the component The quality of needs assessment and scheduling of training courses, the quality component of merit selection and the professional characteristics of the course instructors, the component of the features of the content provided and the quality of learning evaluation, the component of access to instructors and auxiliary resources, the support component (colleagues, training officers and senior managers), the organizational learning culture component , the support component (colleagues and senior managers), Manuscript profile
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