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Open Access Article
1 - Study of the Soil Characteristics and Utilization History of Metribuzin Used in Potato Fields on its Efficiency to Control of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranth retroflexus L.)
Marjan Diyanat Seyyed Esmaeil Mofidi Mohammad Kazem RamezaniMetribuzin is one of the most common herbicides used in potato cultivation. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil characterstics and utilization history of metribuzin on its efficiency to redroot pigweed control as factorial on the base of randomized MoreMetribuzin is one of the most common herbicides used in potato cultivation. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil characterstics and utilization history of metribuzin on its efficiency to redroot pigweed control as factorial on the base of randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Institue of Plant Protection in 2012. First factor was soil type in six levels (Hamedan with 15 years and without utilization history, Jiroft with 15 years and without utilization history, Isfahan with 2 years utilization history and Mashhad with 3 years utilization history) and second factor was different concentrations of metribuzin (0, 100, 300, 700, 1000 and 1500 g ai ha-1). Before cultivating redroot pigweed seed, the pots with mentioned soils were treated with metribuzin and harvesting was done four weeks after cultivating. Then, length and dry weight of shoot and root were measured and dose-response curves were drawn. The highest and lowest damage to redroot pigweed was observed in soils of Jiroft without utilization history and Hamedan with 15 years utilization history, respectively. In Jiroft soil with 15 years utilization history, shoot dry weight reductions were 15, 29, 45, 46 and 56 percent at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1 and 1.5 kg ai ha-1 of metribuzin, while in Hamedan soil with 15 years utilization history shoot dry weight reductions in the mentioned concentrations of metribuzin were 6, 11, 25, 31 and 36 percent, respectively. Results showed in different soils, increasing the concentration of herbicide resulted in a more favorable control of redroot, but increasing the amount of clay and organic matter, as well as increasing the history of consumption, affected the severity of the effects of metribuzin residues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Evaluation of Application Time of Prosulfocarb (80% EC) Herbicide on Weed Control especially Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wheat
Ebrahim Mamnoie Mohamad Reza karaminejad Mehdi Minbash Moeini Hassan ZaliTo study the effect of Prosulfocarb (Boxer, 80% EC) herbicides to control weeds of wheat fields in Fars (Dara). This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and 4 replications during 2021-2022. The treatments include (Treat. 1 MoreTo study the effect of Prosulfocarb (Boxer, 80% EC) herbicides to control weeds of wheat fields in Fars (Dara). This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and 4 replications during 2021-2022. The treatments include (Treat. 1 to 9) the application of Boxer herbicide at a dose rate of 3, 3.5 and 4 L ha- 1, before the first irrigation, after the first irrigation, and early post-emergence in 1 to 3 leaves of wheat. (Treat. 10) Pinoxaden (Axial, 5% EC) + Bromoxynil+ MCPA (Bromicide MA, 40% EC) at dose rate 1.2 l + 1.5 L ha-1, respectively. (Treat. 11) Mesosulfuron+Iodosulfuron+ Diflufenican (Othello, 6% OD) at a dose rate of 1.6 L ha-1, (Treat. 12) Diclofop-Methyl (Iloxan, 36% EC) + Tribenuron methyl (Geranestar, 75% DF) at dose rates of 2.5 L ha-1+ 20 g ha-1, (Treat. 13) Metribuzin (Sencor, 70% WP) at the rate of 800 g ha-1 (400 g ha-1 in, early post-emergence in 1 to 3 leaves of wheat + 400 g ha-1 in the tillering stage of wheat), and (Treat. 14) weeding control. The highest relative density was Lolium rigidum L. (39%) in the experiment. The results showed that herbicides that were applied significantly decreased the weed density and biomass of Lolium rigidum L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Carthamus oxyacanthus M.B. significantly increased the number of spikes per m2, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and biological yield. Pre-emergence application of Boxer was better than its application early after its emergence. The herbicide application of Boxer (4 L ha-1) before the first water decreased weed biomass of, L. rigidum, M. officinalis, and C. oxyacanthus by 72, 67 and 85%, respectively. Sencor herbicide had the best control on L. rigidum by 82%, and increased grain yield (6.5-ton ha-1) by 35 compared to weed control. Herbicide was introduced as the best treatment. The efficiency of Sencor herbicide and Boxer (4 L ha-1 before the first) was higher than other herbicides in L. rigidum control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Chemical Control of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) in Greenhouse Condition
Marjan DiyanatMugwort, (Artemisia vulgaris L.,) is a rhizomatous perennial weed common in field grown nursery crops, landscape plantings, and turf grass. Greenhouse experiment was conducted based on a factorial in randomized completely block design in 2014. Mugwort rhizomes were coll MoreMugwort, (Artemisia vulgaris L.,) is a rhizomatous perennial weed common in field grown nursery crops, landscape plantings, and turf grass. Greenhouse experiment was conducted based on a factorial in randomized completely block design in 2014. Mugwort rhizomes were collected around Karaj and were trimmed into 3 cm-long segments. Three of these Mugwort rhizome segments were planted in 20-cm-diameter pots containing sandy loam soil, with pH 7.5 and 0.9 % organic matter content. Experimental factors included type of herbicide at six levels (2,4-D, glufosinate, picloram, dicamba, glyphosate and clopyralid) and herbicide concentration at six level (0, 0.28, 0.56, 1.1, 2.2 and 1.1+1.1 ai ha-1). Results showed that shoot dry weight of Mugwort was 2.52, 1.57, 2.17, 2.22, 3.25 and 0.63 g at 4 weeks after treatment and 0.28, 0.2, 0.25, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.1 g at 9 weeks after treatment with application of 2,4-D, clopyralid, dicamba, glyphosate, glufosinate and picloram, respectively. So long-term control of mugwort plants and rhizomes can be achieved with picloram at lower concentrations. This level of mugwort control is more than likely because of the greater persistence of picloram in the soil compared with other growth regulator–type herbicides. 2,4-D and glufosinate could not control this weed in long-term and extensive regrowth from underground rhizomes was observed 9 weeks after spraying. This suggests that inadequate concentrations of glufosinate reach the underground rhizomes of mugwort, resulting in immediate regrowth and unacceptable long-term mugwort control. Clopyralid, dicamba and glyphosate were moderately effective in controlling mugwort under greenhouse conditions, but re-growth occurred after all herbicide concentrations, but higher rates were needed for complete control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weed
Marjan DiyanatIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Scien MoreIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, in 2015. First Factor was 12 weed species and second factor was germination treatment consisted of 10-3 M KNO3, 10–4 M GA3, 0.01 and 0.1 (V/V) smoke-extract dilution at constant temperature and alternating temperature. For the study species the relative effectiveness of alternating temperatures, KNO3, GA3 and smoke –extract dilution were compared on germination percentage, mean time to germination and seedling dry weight relative to the control. Results showed that smoke-extract dilution stimulated germination and seedling growth in a number of species weeds and it also had negative impacts on other species weeds. There were significant correlations between the effect of smoke-extract dilution and GA3 on the three measured parameters. None of the treatments were effective on all weed species. In addition, smoke –extract dilution appears to have no negative impact on seedling morphology, as observed with GA3, and may have wide-scale applicability as a germination and early growth stimulant. So smoke may have wide applicability as a germination and seedling growth stimulant in some species weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effects of Green Manure Residues on Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) and Growth Relations in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Mojtaba Zafarian Ali Tadayon Mohammad BazoobandiIn order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications MoreIn order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications. Treatments consisted of three green manures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.) in two levels (50 and 100 biomass return into the soil) and two control treatments of weed free and weed infest treatments. The results showed that among all treatments, the rye manure in both levels (50 and 100 percent return into the soil) reduced significantly the number of broomrape shoot, and nodules on tomato roots; dry weight and the broomrape/tomato dry matter ratio than weed infest treatment. In fact, barley green manure, especially in 100 percent biomass return in many treats, was similar to rye green manure. In spite of reduction in the measured treatments of broomrape, no significant difference was observed among green manure on the dry weight of tomato. Generally, it seems that rye manure in 50 and 100 percent and barley green manure in 100 percent level have the capability to prevent broomrape seed germination and establishment in a better way more research is needed to examine the effects of treatments on tomato growth and quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Auxin Application and Weed Management on Yield, Physiological and Chemical Properties of Potato Cultivars
Mahmoud Setoudeh Nezhad Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Tayeb Saki Nejad Shahram Lak Seyed keyvan MarashiIn order to evaluate the application of auxin hormone and weed management on the performance of physiological and chemical characteristics of potato cultivars, a split factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two MoreIn order to evaluate the application of auxin hormone and weed management on the performance of physiological and chemical characteristics of potato cultivars, a split factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two crop years 2016-2016 and 2016-2016 in Bardsir city of Kerman province. Done. The treatments include two potato varieties, Milva and Sante, foliar spraying of auxin hormone at three levels, no hormone consumption, 200 and 400 ppm and weed control, pre-emergence application of metribuzin herbicide with an amount of 750 grams per hectare, two-stage application Metribiozin, one stage of 500 g/ha pre-emergence and the second stage of 250 g/ha 10 to 15 days after potato sprouting, weed control through manual weeding, control without weed control. The results showed that increasing the consumption of auxin hormone significantly increased the diameter, dry weight and tuber performance. Weed control was achieved during the two-step application of Bozin herbicide with an increase ratio of 15 to 39% compared to the control without control. The highest yield of tubers was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide and the application of 400 ppm of auxin hormone at the rate of 38055.33 kg per hectare, and the number of tubers in potato was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide. The use of different amounts of IAA in this experiment led to an increase in the content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compared to not using it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment Effect of Different Amount and Time of Apply Gibberellin Acid on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Broad Bean
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad -
Open Access Article
8 - Response of Growth Indices of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) To Different Level of Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Masood Allaf Lida Berahmandzadeh -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation Effect of Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer on Growth Indices of Bread Wheat
Zhaleh Ahmadi Shahram Lak -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation Morphological Characteristics and Mineral Nutrients Content of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Affected Soil Application of Nitrogen and Iron Fertilizers
Ezatollah Esfandiari Majid Abdoli Rana Taheri -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Parameters and Essential Oil of Iranian Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Jalil Dehghan Samani Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatemeh Malekpoor -
Open Access Article
12 - Assessment Effect of Silicon on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Corn (Zea mays L.) Under Salinity Stress Conditions
Afsaneh Bolbol Sharifloo Mojtaba Yousefi Rad -
Open Access Article
13 - Response of Phenological, Morphological Traits and Crop Production to Apply Different Level of Azospirillum and Azotobacter of Maize Genotypes
Abbas soleymanifard -
Open Access Article
14 - Feasibility Study on Reducing Lead and Cadmium Absorption in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) With Using Active Carbon
Solmaz Divani Farzad Paknejad Hossein Ghafourian Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohammad Reza Ardakani -
Open Access Article
15 - Assess Yield and Physiological Parameters of Lettuce Affected Different Types and Amounts of Some Organic Wastes
Somaieh Afsari Yeganeh Ahmad Golchin Mojtaba Delshad Vahid Abdossi -
Open Access Article
16 - Response of Growth Indices to Copper Foliar Application at Different Growth Stages of Cowpea
Shahram Ashabi Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation Germination Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Chamran) in Response to Seed Aging
Razieh Danaiee Far Mehran Sharafizade -
Open Access Article
18 - Agro-Physiological Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria) Affected Different Rate of Zeolite and Triple Super Phosphate
Hamid Madani Masoud Gomarian Seid Rasol Mohammadi Hosseini -
Open Access Article
19 - Assessment Regression Relation between Wheat Seed Germination Characteristics Affected Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO)
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
20 - Assess Correlation between Traits Affected Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer (Urea Source) and Interval between Irrigation Round of Sorghum
Bahareh Jahangiri Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Ultrasonic Waves on Seed Germination, Seedling Characteristics and Essence Percent of Thymes (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Nader Ashnagar Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Nader JalilnejhadThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed MoreThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Faculty Agricultural Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad in 2017. In the first experiment, the seeds were exposed to electromagnetic field with 5, 50 and 100 milli tesla for 5, 15 and 30 minutes, and in the second experiment, the seeds were exposed to ultrasound intensity of 20, 40 and 60 kHz for 4, 8 and 12 minutes. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of electromagnetic field intensity by ultrasound intensity interactions were significant on all traits and indices. In this research, the highest germination percentage (97.66%), speed of germination (0.20), root length (8.70 cm), stem length (9.67 cm), root dry weight (41.5 mg), stem dry weight (44.75 mg), seedling dry weight (86.21 mg), plant dry weight (0.82g), and lowest mean germination time (4.84 days) belonged to the seeds treated with electromagnetic field intensity of 50 milli tesla for 15 minutes. The results also revealed that highest germination percentage (90.66%), germination speed (0.21), root length (7.78 cm), stem length (6.65 cm), root dry weight (41.21 mg), stem dry weight (53.60 mg), seedling dry weight (94.80 mg) and plant dry weight (0.55 g) and the lowest mean germination time (4.96 days) were related to 60 KHz ultrasound intensity for 16 minutes. The highest essence percent was produced from seeds treated with electromagnetic fields of 5 milli tesla for 30 minutes (3.44 percent) and 60 KHz ultrasound waves for 16 minutes (2.95 percent). Thus, these treatments are recommended to improve thyme germination and its seedling properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics of Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) as Affected by Salinity Stress
‎ Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Mohammad Bagher Hassanpour aghdam Rana Valizadeh KamranThe present experement was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four NaCl levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) levels and two savory native clones (Tabriz and Hamadan) with three replications, to investigate the effects of Nacl salinity on some physiological MoreThe present experement was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four NaCl levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) levels and two savory native clones (Tabriz and Hamadan) with three replications, to investigate the effects of Nacl salinity on some physiological (essential oils, chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugars, ion leakage, Na+ and K+ content) and growth characteristics of savory. The results revealed that there was significant interaction effects between salinity and clone on chlorophyll a content of the plant. The highest chlorophyll a content in both clones was recorded in the control plants. Root dry weight, Na+ and K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars and ion lekage were affected by NaCl salinity. The highest amounts of stem and leaf dry weights, essential oils contents, proline and chlorophyll b content, were influenced by both clone and salinity levels. The highest stem dry weight, essential oil and proline contents belonged to Tabriz clone. The highest leaf dry weight and chlorophyll a+b contents were produced by Hamadan clone. The highest amont for some other traits, like root, stem and leaf dry weights, as well as for K+and K+/Na+ ratios, were observed in the control treatment. The highest Na+ accumulation were recorded in 150 mM NaCl treatment. It was also observed that with increasing salinity levels, proline content was concomitantly increased. The hieghest ion leakage, soluble sugars and proline amounts were belonged to 100 and 150 mM salinity levels. Considering the variation patterns for the traits studied, it seems that the salinity levels in both clones routinely affected the growth and physiological characteristics of the plants. It can be concluded that to achieve economical yields of savory and proper physiologyical traits we have to select salt tolerant clones to suit saline environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Tillage Systems and Herbicide Application in Weed Control of Canola (Brassica napus L.)
Seyyed Ali Forouzandeh Elham Elahifard Nosratoallah Heidarpour Abd Al-reza SiyahpoushIntegrated weed management in canola (Hyola 401) was studied in an experiment conducted in 2014-2015 growing season in “Kohghilooyeh and Boyer Ahmad”, Iran. The experiment was performed in strip split plots based on randomized complete block design with thre MoreIntegrated weed management in canola (Hyola 401) was studied in an experiment conducted in 2014-2015 growing season in “Kohghilooyeh and Boyer Ahmad”, Iran. The experiment was performed in strip split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Tillage systems with three levels (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage) assigned to main plots, and herbicide applications at four levels consisted of trifluralin (1200 g ai ha-1,48% EC), quinmerac+metazachlor (1040 g ai ha-1, 41.6% SC), clopyralid (180 g ai ha-1, 30% SL) + setoxydim (375 g ai ha-1, 12.5% EC), clopyralid (180 g ai ha-1) + haloxyfop-R methyl ester (81 g ai ha-1, 10.8 % EC) and weed free treatments. Results showed that weed density and dry weight reductions were 76.84% and 68.08% in reduced tillage system + quinmearc+metazachlor application, respectively. It was, also, observed that treatment influenced plant height, biological yield, harvest Index, silique number per plant, seed number per silique, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. The maximum yield (3226 kg.ha-1) was obtained by using reduced tillage + quinmearc+metazachlor application. Therefore, it would be concluded that reduced tillage + quinmearc+metazachlor was the best treatment to control weed and achieve high canola seed yield. The results, also, revealed that use of clopyralid+ Haloxyfop-R-methyl ester + no-tillage resulted in lowest yield (467 kg.ha-1) So, it was considered as inefficient treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Response of Two Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.) in Terms of Growth Indices, Yield and Yield Components to Method of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Gonbad-e Qabus Plain
Seyyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki Morteza Goldani Farhad Soleimani fard Naser BikzadehIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars MoreIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars (Hayola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was four application method of nitrogen fertilizer treatment as F1: three stages fertilization in soil used, F2: three stages foliar spraying application, F3: four stages of fertilization in soil used and F4: four stages of fertilization as foliar spraying. The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained by applying F3 treatment with 144.8 and 161 cm per plant in the second and third sampling, respectively. The highest leaf dry weight and leaf area was obtain by application F3 treatment in all sampling stages. The same trend was observed for the dry weight of lateral branches, so that in the third stage of sampling, the highest dry weight of lateral branches with 59.4 g.plant-1 was obtained by consuming of F3 treatment. The highest biomass and grain yield were obtained from F3 treatment with 1029 g.m-2 and 332 g.m-2 respectively. The highest number of pod (145 pod per plant), biomass (1105 g.m-2), oil yield (121 g.m-2) and seed yield (358 g.m-2) was obtain from application F3 in Hayola 401 cultivar. In general, the results showed that all morphological and yield indices of the plant were obtained from application of nitrogen fertilizer in four stages at the soil used that Hayola 401 cultivar showed more positive response to this used method of fertilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Tolerance of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars to Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers) in Khorassan Razavi
M. Zafarian, R. Sadrabadi Haghighi M. Ghassab Mohammadabadi M. NasirpourTo investigate the tolerance of tomato cultivars to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and 3 replications in mazrae Nemoune Astan Quds Razavi in Mashhad, Iran, 2012. Treat MoreTo investigate the tolerance of tomato cultivars to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and 3 replications in mazrae Nemoune Astan Quds Razavi in Mashhad, Iran, 2012. Treatment were 11 varieties (Peto early CH, Sterling (Karon), Khorram, Petorak, DNP 3005, PS 6515, SPEEDY, IDEN, VADI STAR, FIRINZEH and DNP 3001) which were transplanted in the field along with broomrape. Sampling was done at two stages: 1- after appearance and establishment of broomrape on tomato root where the dry weight, stem number and node numbers of broomrape on tomato root and tomato dry weight were measured and 2- at the end of growing season where tomato fruit weight and its yield were determined. Result indicated that Sterling and Khorram cultivars did have the least broomrape dry weight, stem number and node numbers of broomrape on tomato root and while produced highest plant dry weight, fruit and yield as compared to the other cultivars. Thus, may be considered as tolerant cultivars. Petorak and DNP 3001 on the other hand, presented the most broomrape dry weight, stem number and node number on tomato root. However, Petorak, Peto early CH and FIRINZEH cultivars produced the least plant weight, fruit and yield and thus, they can be called the sensitive cultivars. DNP 3001 being highly attacked by broomrape produced increased fruit yield and therefore compensated its ill effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Studying Morphological Characteristics of Seminal and Adventitious Root Systems of Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars
Rahim Naseri Mehrshad Barari Mohammad Javad Zarea Kazem Khavazi Zahra TahmasebiTo study the root structure and its morphological characteristics of winter and durum wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized completely design with four replications at faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during 2013-2014. Experimen MoreTo study the root structure and its morphological characteristics of winter and durum wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized completely design with four replications at faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during 2013-2014. Experimental treatments consisted of six bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan, Nestor, Pistaz, Bahar and S83-3), four durum wheat cultivars (Karkheh, Dena, Sora and Saji). Traits under study were seminal roots, nodal roots, sub-nodal roots, number of total roots, seminal roots length, nodal and sub-nodal roots, total root lengths, root dry weight, root volume and root to shoot ratio. The results showed significant differences for root structure of bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan and Nestor). They had stronger root system than the other bread wheat cultivars.It was also found that Saji from durum and Sabalan cross from bread wheat cultivars had the highest number of total roots (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root length total (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root volume and root/shoot ratio as compared with the other cultivars under study. Orthogonal contrast for three groups of genotypes indicated that in terms of number and length of nodal roots, bread wheat cultivars showed higher values as compared to durum wheat cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - TThe effect of foliar application of iron, boron, and selenium on the root morphological characteristics and the photosynthetic pigment contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) medicinal plant under sodium chloride salinity
mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi heshmat Omidi seyed jalal Tabatabaei Salt stress is one of the factors limiting plant growth and a major obnstacles for nutrient uptake in plants. A factorial experiment with pots in the open air was implemented based on a completely randomized design with three replications More Salt stress is one of the factors limiting plant growth and a major obnstacles for nutrient uptake in plants. A factorial experiment with pots in the open air was implemented based on a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron (Fe: Sequestrene 138 at a concentration of 5 per thousand), boron (B: Boric acid at a concentration of 5 per thousand), and selenium (Se: Sodium selenite at a concentration of 2 per thousand) under NaCl salinity on root growth characteristics and the photosynthetic pigmentscontent of Stevia plant. The experiment factors included different levels of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, and 9 dS m-1) and spraying composition at eight levels (no spraying, Fe, B, Se, Fe + Se, Fe + B, Se + B, and Fe + Se + B). Results showed that salinity caused significant reduction in root dry weight, volume, length, diameter and density of root, percentage of dry weight to soil volume ratio, and chlorophyll a, b, and total. Among the various combinations of spraying, combined application of Fe, B, and Se had the highest mean dry weight, volume, length, area, and density of the root. The highest significant mean chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were observed in spraying solution containing Fe at the non-stress level, and the combination of Fe and Se at 3 dS m-1 level of salinity. In general, decrease in root growth and leaf chlorophyll content (especially chlorophyll a) occurred under salt stress and generally, these factors led to the loss of plant growth at higher salinity levels (6 and 9 dS m-1). In order to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress, especially at lower levels (3 and 6 dS m-1), using Fe and Se elements are recommended to increase the chlorophyll content of the plant and improve root growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigation of salinity stress effect on germination of 18 strains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mahboobeh Riahi Akbar Mostajeran Mehran MiroliaeiSalinity is a major environmental stress that causes severe damage to crops and horticultural crops and also reduces plant biodiversity. In order to study the resistance to salinity during seed germination and early growth, 18 strains of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestiv MoreSalinity is a major environmental stress that causes severe damage to crops and horticultural crops and also reduces plant biodiversity. In order to study the resistance to salinity during seed germination and early growth, 18 strains of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.; Including car, non-indigenous and hybrid carcasses) were investigated at four levels of control, 100, 200 and 250 mM sodium chloride. The experiments were conducted with a complete randomized block design in three replications in the research laboratory of department of Biology, University of Isfahan, 2015. The results showed that with increasing NaCl level in the culture media, germination indices were affected with more intense. Comparison of mean traits showed that different cultivars of wheat had different reactions. These cultivars were classified in two groups, so that Sorghtoghm, Hamon, Sivand, Bezostaya, Sepahan and Roshan were placed in resistant groups and Ghods, Guspard, Karaj and Navid cultivars were placed in sensitive and low dendrogram groups. Sorghtoghm and Ghods were shown to have the highest and lowest index for germination stress index (GSI) and salinity tolerance index (STI) respectively. The results showed that the different levels of salinity had significant effects on germination percent, germination rate, seedlings stem and root length, root, and shoot dry weight. All measured variables showed a significant decrease with increasing salinity level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigation of some physio-morphological traits of purslane (portulaca oleracea L.) landraces under drought stress
Elham Azizi Younes Rezapour mansooreh kermani ali masoomiPurslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of d MorePurslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of different purslane landraces to drought stress in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Daregaz during the spring 2016. The experiment was as factorial based on completely randomized design with four levels of drought stress (field capacity, 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC), 5 landraces of purslane (Qom, Kalat, Sabzevar, Yazd, Gachsaran), and with three replications. The studied traits were relative water content, membrane sustainability index, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll sustainability index (the amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids), proline content, soluble carbohydrates, and fresh and dry weight of roots in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth. Results showed that an increase in water stress level decreased the relative water content and cell membrane stability index while increasing the leaf chlorophyll index, carotenoid content, proline, and carbohydrates in different landraces of purslane. Results also indicated that the landraces of Gachsaran and Yazd had higher membrane stability index, lower RWC, and lower chlorophyll content under stress. Among the studied landraces, Qom and Kalat showed significant superiority compared to Sabzevar, Yazd and Gachsaran landraces in terms of proline and soluble carbohydrates. Also, the results showed that with increasing drought stress, fresh and dry weight of roots, leaves, and stems reduced at vegetative and generative stages of plant development such that the highest morphological and physiological traits in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth were observed in 75% and 100% of field capacity and the minimum levels of these traits were obtained in 25% of field capacity. In general, Qom and Kalat landraces were more tolerant to drought stress compared to other landraces while Gachsaran, Yazd, and Sabzevar due to the relatively weak response to drought stress in most of the measured traits, were evaluated as susceptible landraces to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation of the effect of freezing stress tolerance of Phyla lanceolata under some organic mulch in controlled conditions
maryam kamali Yahya Selahvarzi Jafar NabatiIn order to investigate the effect of frost stress on Phyla lanceolata as a cover plant under the influence of some organic mulches, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications at Ferdowsi Universi MoreIn order to investigate the effect of frost stress on Phyla lanceolata as a cover plant under the influence of some organic mulches, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Five levels of freezing temperature (0, -5, -10, -15, and -20 °C) and three types of mulch (manure, leaf needle, and bran) were treated in the experiment. For evaluation of frost tolerance temperatures, some traits such as electrolyte leakage percentage, soluble carbohydrate content, leaf proline content, leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight were considered. Results showed that the simple and interaction effects of mulch and temperature on the measured morphological traits, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, spade and photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and total) were significant. All of the organic mulches used in the study increased shoot and root dry weight so that by applying three mulch of bran, leaf needle, and animal manure, shoot dry weight from 2.15 g under non-mulch conditions reached to 2.72, 3.13, and 3.19 g/plant, respectively and root dry weight from 1.50 g reached 1.90, 2.23, and 2.29 g /plant, respectively. The highest electrolyte leakage (80%) was at -20 °C and in plants treated with bran mulch and the highest relative water content (55%) was at 0 °C and in plants treated with needle mulch treatment. Also, total chlorophyll content was 0.11 mg higher than that in control treatment. In general, among the mulches used, animal manure mulch had the greatest effect on mitigating the effects of frost on morphological and biochemical traits of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of different levels of humic acid on some morpho-physiological traits and essential oils of garden savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under vermicompost application
Elham Azizi Nafiseh Jannati Mohammad ArminSoil fertility is an effective factor on quantity and quality of crops and medicinal plants. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of savory(satureia hortensis L.), an experiment was conducted as factori MoreSoil fertility is an effective factor on quantity and quality of crops and medicinal plants. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of savory(satureia hortensis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in Payame Noor University of Sabzevar under natural condition. Treatments were vermicompost in three levels (0, 25, and 50 percent in volume) and humic acid in four levels (0, 250, 500, and 750 mg.l-1). In this study, plant height, root length, branch number as well as leaf, root, and shoot dry weights and essential oil percentage and yield were measured. Results indicated that vermicompost affected stem height, branch number per m2, dry weight of leaf, stem, and root, and leaf to stem ratio significantly while this treatment did not have a significant effect on essential oil percentage and yield of savory. The highest stem height and dry weight of leaf, stem, and root were observed in 50% vermicompost. The effect of humic acid was also significant on stem and leaf dry weight and leaf to stem ratio, statistically. In general, results showed that both organic fertilizers had synergistic effect as the highest dry weight of leaf, stem, and root and also essential oil yield were obtained under vermicompost 50% and humic acid 750 mg.l-1 treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Essential oils from Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch from two local by Distillation methods
کامکار Jaimand mb Rezaee معصومه MazandraniThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation a MoreThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the Possibility of Increasing the Physiological Function of (Lippia citriodora L.) Using Biological Stimuli under Salinity Stress Conditions
Reza Dehghani BidgoliEnvironmental stresses are one of the most important factors in reducing the function of medicinal plants. The use of plant growth regulators such as PGPR can be a way to reduce the effects of salinity stress. Environmental factors, cause changes in the growth of medici MoreEnvironmental stresses are one of the most important factors in reducing the function of medicinal plants. The use of plant growth regulators such as PGPR can be a way to reduce the effects of salinity stress. Environmental factors, cause changes in the growth of medicinal plants and, on the other hand, alter the amount and quality of their active substances, such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, volatile oils (essential oils). The experiment was conducted factorial based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments in four replications at greenhouse of University of Kashan. The first factor was salinity stress at 3 levels including 25, 50 and 100 (MM) Mili molar and salinity treatments were performed after complete sowing of cultivated plants. The second factor was bacterial growth stimulus in four levels including control (0), 10-10, 10-8 and 10-6 molar and the addition to the potted soil as a solution before applying salinity stress. It was found that the use of plant growth regulator PGPR is essential for maintaining the economic performance of plants under stress. The results showed that increased levels of salinity had a significant effect on reducing the growth parameters including dry weight, root length, plant height and essential oil yield. According to the results, the percentage of essential oil with increased levels of salinity significantly at 1% level, so that the percentage of essential oil from 0.45 in 25 (MM) treatment was increased to 0.96 in 100(MM) and the use of 10-8 M PGPR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of nano chelates (iron and zinc) and nitrogen (biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer) on some morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil yield of two Basil populations
saeed fatahi siahkamari Hossein aroiee Majid Azizi ali salehi sardoeiBasil (Ocimum basillicum L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae familyis an important herbal medicinal plant that essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant have been used in food industry as an antibacterial agent and perfumery. This study was conducted in 2014 at the r MoreBasil (Ocimum basillicum L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae familyis an important herbal medicinal plant that essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant have been used in food industry as an antibacterial agent and perfumery. This study was conducted in 2014 at the research farm of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The treatments were arranged a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental treatments were two basil populations including Varam in and Qaen and different amounts of macro and micro-elements in nine levels. The traits in this study included plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight, number of leaves, number of sub branches, Chlorophyll a and b, Carotenoid and essential oil. The results revealed that the majority of these traits affected by experimental treatments.The result of mean comparisons were showed that the highest dry weight (77.66 g/m2) belonged toVaram in population by application of nano- zinc chelate fertilizer at 1.5 kg/h. Based on the results, the highest chlorophyll a (6.5 g/mg FW) was obtained in Qaen population using urea fertilizer at 60kg/ha. The Varam in population with 0.93 percent essential oil had a significant superiority to the Qaen population with an average of 0.77%V/W essential oil. In addition, application of nitrox in fertilizer at 3 kg/ha had the highest amount of essential oil (1. 09%). The Varam in population with 0.93% essential oil was better than Qaen population. Application of nitroxin bio fertilizer at 3 kg/ha also had the highest essential oil (1. 09%). The results of the present study showed that different treatments concentrations had different results on the measurement traits. It seems that application of nano chelate fertilizer and nitroxin bio fertilizer can be effectively used to improve soil, environment and human health and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The effect of density and enriched straw on phytochemical responses and yield of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) in dry farming condition
Ahmad Mirjalili mohammad hosein Lebaschy Mohammad Reza Ardakani hosein heydari sharif abad Mehdi MirzaThis study was conducted to evaluate the yield and phytochemical properties of Bakhtiari savory under the influence of enriched wheat straw and plant different densities. The experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete block design i MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the yield and phytochemical properties of Bakhtiari savory under the influence of enriched wheat straw and plant different densities. The experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete block design in 1396 and 1397 in dry farming condition and at Hamand Rangeland Research Station. The main factor included, 10 tons of wheat straw per hectare (enriched with ammonium sulfate) and the control and sub-factor included, density 26666 and 40,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare. The measured traits included fresh and dry weight yield, percentage and essential oil yield and identification of essential oil compounds, which was performed from the plant shoots at full flowering stage. The essential oil was extracted by water distillation. Also, GC and GC/MS analysis methods were used to determine the percentage and type of essential oil compounds. The highest yield of essential oil with 3.7 kg. ha-1 was obtained with enriched straw treatment and high plant density and in second year. The highest percentage of essential oil compounds, the carvacrol with 61.85% was obtained in treatment of enriched straw, high density and in second year. The highest percentage of thymol with 12.51% was obtained in treatment of enriched straw and medium density in second year. The results of this study showed that the Bakhtiari savory by using enriched straw and high and medium densities from second year could increase the major compounds percentage of essential oil, including carvacrol and thymol, γ-terpinene and linalool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of hydro- and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress
Saba Dashab Heshmat Omidi -
Open Access Article
37 - اثر پاکلوبوترازول بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی تحت تنش خشکی
نیوشا حاتمی فر رامین بابادائی سامانیاین آزمایش به­ منظور بررسی تاثیر پاکلوبوترازول به عنوان یک آنتیجیبرلین بر برخی ویژگی­ های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی و تعیین مناسبترین غلظت پاکلوبوترازول برای ایجاد مقاومت به تنش خشکی در این گیاه انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه ت Moreاین آزمایش به­ منظور بررسی تاثیر پاکلوبوترازول به عنوان یک آنتیجیبرلین بر برخی ویژگی­ های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی و تعیین مناسبترین غلظت پاکلوبوترازول برای ایجاد مقاومت به تنش خشکی در این گیاه انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه اجرا شد. پاکلوبوترازول در 4 سطح (شامل غلظتهای صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلیگرم در لیتر) و تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری هنگام رسیدن رطوبت خاک به 90 درصد ، 75 درصد و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) فاکتورهای مورد بررسی در این آزمایش بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از پاکلوبوترازول باعث افزایش تعداد گل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و تعداد شاخه فرعی شده است و استفاده از این ماده باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ریشه و مقدار کاروتنوئید گردید. در حالی­ که پاکلوبوترازول اثر معنیداری بر میزان نشت یونی، تعداد شاخه اصلی و مساحت برگ نداشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث افزایش تعداد گل در بوته گردید و کاهش محتوای کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید، قطر گل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه و سطح برگ اطلسی را در پی داشت. غلظت 75 میلیگرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل ارتفاع اندام رویشی گیاه اطلسی تحت تنش خشکی از خود نشان داد. از طرفی با افزایش غلظت پاکلوبوترازول تحت تنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی روند افزایشی در میزان کاروتنوئید و کلروفیل کل دیده شد . به طور کلی میتوان استنباط کرد که پاکلوبوترازول توانسته است مانع کاهش مقدار کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید تحت شرایط تنش شدید خشکی شود و استفاده از آن تا حدی در غلبه بر عوارض جانبی ناشی از تنش خشکی موثر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - تاثیر جدایههای قارچ تریکودرما بر تغییرات مرفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه گل مریم (Polianthes tuberose) تحت تنش خشکی
حمید رضا ذکاوتی محمود شور حمید روحانی سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی ابراهیم گنجی مقدمبه­منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایههای مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در Moreبه­منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایههای مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در سه سطح (0، 10، 20 درصد حجمی گلدان) و فاکتور دوم در هر دو آزمایش، سه سطح تنش خشکی (25، 50 ،100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج نشان داد هر دو جدایه در شرایط تنش، باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک زیستتوده و وزن خشک ریشه گل مریم در شرایط تنش شدند. وزن تر زیستتوده به مقدار 4 گرم در حالت تنش 25 درصد توسط جدایه Biو 14 گرم توسط جدایه 65 افزایش یافت که بیانگر افزایش رشد این گیاه در حضور قارچ تریکودرما میباشد. مقدار پرولین در جدایه 65 در سطح 20 درصد حجمی نسبت به سایر مقادیر همین قارچ در تنش 50 و 25 درصد افزایش یافت. میزان رطوبت نسبی و سطح سبز برگ با اعمال سطوح مختلف دو قارچ با افزایش سطح تنش افزایش یافت. به طور کلی به نظر میرسد که جدایه های Bi و 65 قارچ تریکودرما هارزیانوم تاثیرات متفاوتی در شرایط تنش خشکی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیکی فسفر و روی
فرزاد جلالی داود نادریکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P1 Moreکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P13 (تلقیح بذر، استفاده از کود زیستی 2، 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه و عدم تلقیح بذر به عنوان تیمار شاهد) و محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 (شاهد، 1، 2، و 3 گرم بر لیتر) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر گل در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود بیولوژیک فسفر × 2 گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی و همچنین در گیاهان تحت تیمار با کود زیستی در 2 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین وزن خشک گل و درصد آنتوسیانین تحت تیمار کاربرد کود زیستی در 2 و 4 هفته بعد از سبز شدن گیاه × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در تیمار کود زیستی 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 2 و 1 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی تحت شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه × محلول­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4به­دست آمد. در مقابل، کمترین مقادیر در اکثر پارامترها تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کاربرد زیستی × عدم محلول­پاشی ZnSO4 و محلول­­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. بنابراین محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 و کاربرد خاکی کودهای حل کننده فسفات می­تواند بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - ارزیابی محیطهای مختلف رشد و کود ازته بر برخی صفات موفولوژیکی اسپاتیفیلوم
سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی علیرضا شریفیان ناصر بیک زادهبه منظورمطالعه بسترهای مختلف کشت و کود ازته با منشا اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه زینتی اسپاتی فیلوم، آزمایشی به­صورت طرح کرتهای خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 اجرا شد. پلات اصلی شامل محیط کشتهای خاک برگ Moreبه منظورمطالعه بسترهای مختلف کشت و کود ازته با منشا اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه زینتی اسپاتی فیلوم، آزمایشی به­صورت طرح کرتهای خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 اجرا شد. پلات اصلی شامل محیط کشتهای خاک برگ، ورمیکمپوست و یک محیط رشد مخلوط (مرکب از 20 درصد پیت موس، 50 درصد کوکوپیت و 30 درصد پرلیت) بود و پلات فرعی نیز مقادیر مختلف کود اوره (شامل 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره، اثر مثبت معنیداری بر تمام صفات دارد. با توجه به نتایج اثرات برهمکنش، بیشترین وزن تر ساقه (5/26 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ساقه (75/3 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن تر ریشه (5/35 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ریشه (87/4 گرم در هر بوته)، طول دمبرگ (1/55 سانتیمتر) و تعداد برگ (1/12) از محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره حاصل شد در حالی که مقدار این صفات در تمام محیطهای رشد بدون کود اوره، حداقل بود. افزایش کود اوره از صفر به دو گرم در لیتر، باعث افزایش وزن خشک ساقه و طول دمبرگ شد در حالی که استفاده از سه و چهار گرم در لیتر کود اوره، مقدار این صفات را کاهش داد. محیطهای رشد با هدایت الکتریکی دو دسی زیمنس در متر، تخلخل بالا و ظرفیت نگهداری بالای آب میتواند اثرات قابل ملاحظهای بر بهبود صفات موفولوژیکی گیاه اسپاتیفیلوم داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - اثر محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک بر ویژگیهای اکوفیزیولوژیکی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus) تحت تنش کمبود آب
علی حسینیآب یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی تنظیم کننده رشد و نمو گیاهان است و کمبود آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات گیاهی بهشمار میرود، به­ طوری که از چندین ماده شیمیایی برای کاهش اثرات مضر کمبود آب استفاده شده است. یکی از این ترکیبات اسید آسکوربیک است و دارای اثرات Moreآب یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی تنظیم کننده رشد و نمو گیاهان است و کمبود آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات گیاهی بهشمار میرود، به­ طوری که از چندین ماده شیمیایی برای کاهش اثرات مضر کمبود آب استفاده شده است. یکی از این ترکیبات اسید آسکوربیک است و دارای اثرات آنتی­ اکسیدانی در گیاهان میباشد. به­ همین منظور یک آزمایش گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاَ تصادفی با سه تکرار جهت بررسی اثر کمبود آب بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک پریوش تحت محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک، در سال 1399 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: تنش کمبود آب در چهار سطح (1: بدون تنش آبیاری در100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه؛ 2: تنش ملایم آبیاری در 75 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه؛ 3: تنش متوسط آبیاری در 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 4: تنش شدید آبیاری در 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک در چهار سطح (صفر، ۲۵، ۵۰، 100 میلیمولار) بودند. نتایج بهدست آمده نشان داد که غلظت کلروفیل a و کاروتنوئید، قند محلول برگ، مقدار پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز با افزایش شدت کمبود آب افزایش یافت ولی صفات وزن خشک ریشه و بیومس کل کاهش یافتند. کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک منجر به بهبود صفات اندازهگیری شد و سطوح کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن برتری معنیدار داشت و سطح 50 میلیمولار نسبت به سایر سطوح، تاثیر بیشتری، در اغلب صفات، داشت. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک برای بهبود رشد گیاهانی مانند پریوش تحت تنش خشکی قابل توصیه میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم در تخفیف تنش شوری در گیاه زینتی جعفری
ابوالفضل باباپور چالکی محمود شور سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی بهرام عابدیبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مش Moreبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مشهد انجام شد. فاکتور اول سطح شوری در چهار سطح ( 0، 4، 8 ، 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم سیلیکات پتاسیم در سه سطح ( 0 ،100 ، 150 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد شوری و سیلیکات پتاسیم تاثیر معنی داری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در سطح شوری صفر با 100ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک گیاه اندامهای هوایی در شوری 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 150 ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان پتاسیم برگ در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر و با کاربرد 100 ppm سلیکات پتاسیم و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم ریشه در تیمار شوری 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 100 ppm حاصل شد. نتایج نشان دادکه در گیاه گل جعفری در شوری های بالا (بیشتر از 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر ) ترکیب سیلیکات پتاسیم نتوانست تاثیر مطلوبی بر رشد گیاه داشته باشد. استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر توانست غلظت سدیم را در بافتهای برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم را افزایش داد هرچند مقدار افزایش پتاسیم در شوری های پایین بیشتر بود. به طور کلی استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم میتواند به عنوان یک ماده مکمل در تغذیه گیاهی در شوریهای پایین مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Study on Various Level of Salinity on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rosa Hybrid
, S MobasheriCrisis due to global warming and its associated damaging consequences, including salinity, it is essential to develop plant resistance to salinity level. In this study, an experiment was conducted using different levels of salinity (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% sodium chlor MoreCrisis due to global warming and its associated damaging consequences, including salinity, it is essential to develop plant resistance to salinity level. In this study, an experiment was conducted using different levels of salinity (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% sodium chloride) had on Rosa hybrida, as the most important cut flowers in the world. Results showed that by increasing of salinity, sodium increased in the tissues and root dry/fresh weight declined. Salinity stress influenced significantly shoot growth and declined it. It seems this cultivar is resistant to salinity. However, further studies must be done to clarify the amount of resistance this cultivar against salinity in comparison to other cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigation of the possibility of reducing dose of 2,4-D and tribenuron methyl herbicides in the control of hoary cress (Cardaria draba L. Desv) ecotypes
Amir Towfigi Marjan DiyanatIn order to evaluate the efficacy of 2,4-D and tribenuronemethyl herbicides on ecotypes of hoary cress (Cardaria draba L. Desv) and the possibility of reducing the recommended dose, the dose-response experiment was performed as a randomized complete block with three rep MoreIn order to evaluate the efficacy of 2,4-D and tribenuronemethyl herbicides on ecotypes of hoary cress (Cardaria draba L. Desv) and the possibility of reducing the recommended dose, the dose-response experiment was performed as a randomized complete block with three replications in Ghaem Park greenhouse, Tehran in 2020. The studied ecotypes were Salmas, Rafsanjan, Semirom, Shahrekord, Baft, Birjand, Semnan and Karaj and the two herbicides were used in four doses (25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose) in the 4 to 6 leaf stage. The results showed that 2,4-D was more effective in controlling hoary cress ecotypes than tribrenuronethyl. By applying 100% of the recommended dose of 2,4-D, the dry weight of hoary cress ecotypes decreased by 91-99%. The dose of ED50 in response to 2,4-D and tribenuronemethyl for hoary cress ecotypes ranged from 0.41 to 0.89 lit hec-1 and from 8.5 to 17.27 g hec-1, respectively. Based on the estimated ED50 dose, the most sensitive and resistant ecotypes of hoary cress to both herbicides were Semirom and Karaj, respectively. Due to the 90% reduction in dry weight of Semirom, Baft, Shahrekord and Rafsanjan in 75% of the recommended dose of 2,4-D, the dose required to control these ecotypes can be reduced and less herbicide used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon application on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)
Hasan Yahyapoor Yousof NiknezhadThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was MoreThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was cconducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments include the application of organic and chemical fertilizers at four levels (control, manure, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer) as the main plot and silicon at three levels (control, potassium silicate and nano-Si) were considered as sub plot. The results indicated that the most growth characteristics like plant height, number of flowers per plant and leaf area were obtained by chemical fertilizer. The highest dry weight of plant organ was achieved with use of chemical fertilizers. The highest dry weight of flowers (429.3 g.m-2) was obtained by chemical fertilizer, which was not significantly different from the use of vermicompost (417.3 g.m-2). The application of both sources of silicon led to improvement in the number of flowers per plant, leaf area, and concentration of chlorophylls compared with control, although the application of nano-Si had higher improvement effects compared with potassium silicate. The nano-Si increased the dry weight of flowers by 9.6 and 7.4% compared with non-application of silicon and potassium silicate, respectively. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, application of vermicompost organic fertilizer is introduced as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers, as well as nano-Si application to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Morpho-physiological Responses of Dill plant (Anethum Graveolens) to Foliar Application of Polyamines in Different Growth Stages
Mahtab Zahedi اسدی قارنه Asadi-GharnehThe use of polyamines with an impact on a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes can in/directly influence the growth indices and metabolic performance of the plant. This experiment was performed in a randomized block design with 10 treatments including MoreThe use of polyamines with an impact on a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes can in/directly influence the growth indices and metabolic performance of the plant. This experiment was performed in a randomized block design with 10 treatments including spermine, spermidine and putricin each at three levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg / l with 3 replications. Non-foliar treatment was utilized as a control treatment. The results demonstrated that foliar application with different levels of polyamines had a significant impact (P≤0.01) on traits such as root dry weight, wet and dry weight of shoots and also a significant effect (P≤0.01) on traits such as chlorophyll, a, b and total chlorophyll, height, side branch, the number of umbela and weight of 100-seeds. The highest dry weight of roots, wet and dry weight of shoots and the numbers of side branch were related to spermidine treatment 150 mg/ l, the highest chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll and the number of umbels related to spermine treatment 150 mg / l, the highest carotenoids related to spermine treatment 100 mg / l and The maximum weight of 100 seeds and height for putrescine treatment was 150 and 100 mg / l respectively. Based on the results of this study, it seems that spermine and spermidine have been effective on more traits. Foliar application of polyamines can also increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of the plant and change the majority of traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of weed management at different levels of sulfur coated urea on yield and qualitative traits of Beta vulgaris
Einollah HesamiIn order to evaluate of weeds control at different levels of sulfur coated urea on yield and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a study was carried out as split plot design in randomized complete blocks design with four repetitions in Shoushtar region during 201 MoreIn order to evaluate of weeds control at different levels of sulfur coated urea on yield and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a study was carried out as split plot design in randomized complete blocks design with four repetitions in Shoushtar region during 2016. Experimental treatments consisted of four different levels of sulfur coated urea (SCU) (0, 150, 180 and 250 kg.ha-1). The use of herbal treatments of chloropyralide + Des Modifam + Moeifam + Autophamousite and metamitron + Modifem + Autophamousite as a sub-agent. The results showed that weed dry weight was affected by different amounts of urea with sulfur coating and increased with increasing sulfur content of urea, which increased the weed weight of weeds, so that it was highest in application of the highest amount of urea with sulfur content per hectare with no weeding of weeds. The amount of 237 grams per square meter was obtained. Also, in the effects of fertilizer interaction and weed control, the highest yield of sugar beet (13421 kg) was attributed to full weed treatment and the highest application rate of sulfuric urea. The highest root yield of sugar beet (57004 kg ha-1) was related to weed control and application of the highest amount of sulfur urea. Among the weed control treatments, the highest root yield of sugar beet (46711 kg.ha-1) was obtained in metamitron + Des medifam + Autophamousite herbicide application and application of the highest amount of urea with sulfur content per hectare. Also, the highest percentage of pure sugar in the treatment of non-application of sulfur content of urea with non-control of weeds was 18.6% and 20.30%, respectively. In general, it can be said that Urea fertilizer with sulfur coating with the use of Médifam + Des Moiifam + Autophamousite + Metamitron has the optimum performance of sugar beet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid in adjustment of the effects of drought stress on some morphological characteristics and photosynthetic pigments in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Ahmad AfkariSalicylic acid is one of the regulators of physiological processes causing increased resistance of plants to environmental stresses. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological parameters and MoreSalicylic acid is one of the regulators of physiological processes causing increased resistance of plants to environmental stresses. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological parameters and photosynthetic pigments in sunflower An experiment was performed as factorial in a fully random design with three replications in laboratory of physiology at Islamic Azad University, Kaleybar Branch in the agricultural year of 2017. The experimental treatments included salicylic acid at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mMolar), and water potential at five levels (0, -5, -10, -15, and -20 MPa). The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated that the interaction between drought stress and salicylic acid and level of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll, length, wet and dry weight of the aerial parts was significant. The results of comparing the mean of the interaction between drought stress and salicylic acid indicated that the maximum level of photosynthetic pigments and morphological parameters was obtained by the treatment involving no application of stress plus salicylic acid 1 mM. The results obtained from this research indicated that drought stress resulted in a significant reduction in the growth of aerial parts and root, wet and dry weight of the aerial parts and root, and photosynthetic pigments. On the other hand, in the plants pretreated with salicylic acid, the extent of this reduction has been modified. Based on the obtained results, salicylic acid culminated in diminished damage incurred in response to drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The evaluation of different herbicide on weeds control, growth indices, and forage yield Alfalfa
masoud noroozi mohammad reza dadashi fariba mighani hossien ajam norooziField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Prot MoreField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection located in Meshkindasht, Karaj, during 2014-2016. The treatments consisted of Eradicane 4.1 g ai/ha, Metribuzin 525 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1269 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1480 g ai/ha, Bentazon 144 g ai/ha, Imazethapyr 50 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), non-herbicide control and whole-season weeding control. Based on reducing density of broad-leaved weeds the most effective herbicides were Metribuzin (99 and 97% in first and second cutting) and Imazethapyr 1 lit/ha (91 and 90% in first and second cutting). The poorest control was application of Eradicane (44 and 36 % in first and second cutting). Furthermore, the results of reducing density of grass weeds showed that among all herbicides the highest efficiency were related to Eradicane (100% in both cutting) and Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (87 and 91% in first and second cutting). the lowest fresh and dry weight of alfalfa, cumulative dry matter and leaf area index was related to use of Metribuzin, which was due to the effects of herbicide injury on alfalfa, thus it led to decreasing of alfalfa density in the first year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield component of some new maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Kermanshah
Mansour Ahmadi Farzad Mondani Mahmud Khorramivafa Gholamreza Mohammadi Ali ShirkhaniIn order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of some maize cultivars, a split plot experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the campus of agricultural MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of some maize cultivars, a split plot experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the campus of agricultural and natural recourses farm, Razi University, at 2014. Treatments were four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application (40%, 70%, 100% and 140% of the maize demand to nitrogen which based on the amount recommended by soil testis equivalent to 138, 238, 350 and 483 kg.ha-1 urea) as main plots and three common maize cultivars SC 704, BC 678 and Simon as sub plots. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer improved number of ear per square meter (12%), number of row per ear (9%), number of grain per row (32%), grain yield (63%) and total dry weight (58%). Simon cultivar had more need to nitrogen fertilizer to achieve maximum yield. Simon cultivar had the most grain yield (19%) than other cultivars. Harvest index was higher for Simon cultivar in fertilizer level of 140% while harvest index for other cultivars reduced by increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application from 40% to 140% of plant demand. Simon cultivar (10467 kg.ha-1) in 140% fertilizer level and SC-704 (8402 kg.ha-1) and BC-678 (8030 kg.ha-1) in 100% fertilizer level had maximum grain yield. In general, our results showed that in the studied region to achieve higher yield, it is better new maize cultivars be cultivated such as Simon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of titanium nano particles and different irrigation levels on photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble carbohydrates and growth parameters of Purslane
Hossein sartip Alireza SirousmehrSoil misture deficiency is the most important factors of plant growth and development inhibiting. To evaluate the effect of foliar application of titanium dioxide nano particles on Purslane some physiological and morphological traits under different irrigation levels wa MoreSoil misture deficiency is the most important factors of plant growth and development inhibiting. To evaluate the effect of foliar application of titanium dioxide nano particles on Purslane some physiological and morphological traits under different irrigation levels was done a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were including of three levels irrigation 60, 80 and 100 percent of field capacity and sprayed titanium dioxide nano particles in the 6-8 leaf stage at four levels 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg. l-1, respectively. The result showed that irrigation levels was significant in all traits in 1 percent level and it cause to reduce the total chlorophyll content and increase the amount of soluble carbohydrates and proline. The maximum amount of total chlorophyll content 32.36 mg. g-1 of fresh leaf was obtained in treatment of 100 percent of field capacity and lowest amount it 13.42 mg. g-1 of fresh leaf was obtained in treatment of 60 percent of field capacity, respectively. Sprayed of titanium dioxide nano particles was also significant on the most traits and increases the total chlorophyll and fresh and dry weight of Purslane. The maximum amount of the fresh weight of shrub 21.61 g in the 3 mg. l-1 sprayed of titanium dioxide nano particles treatment and the minimum fresh weight 17.16 g was obtained control treatment (spraying with distilled water). The results showed the use of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, increased significantly chlorophyll (a) and dry weight the purslane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effect of narrow left herbicides and dual herbicides combined with silice treatments on Sisymbrium irio (avena) weed control in wheat.
narges sadat rasouly fard hamid reza miri ali reza bagherito evaluate the different levels of silicon with the selective of wheat herbicides on control of wild oat, yield and yield components of wheat, was conducted a factorial experiment base on completed block randomized design with three replications in the city Eghlid in c Moreto evaluate the different levels of silicon with the selective of wheat herbicides on control of wild oat, yield and yield components of wheat, was conducted a factorial experiment base on completed block randomized design with three replications in the city Eghlid in crop year 1393.The first factor consisted of seven treatments herbicide application topic , Puma super, Atlantiha, Aperous, Suffix , weedy and weed control, and the second factor has two levels of silicon (application and non-application). The results of dry weight wild oats showed that in terms of silicon utilization increased and were significantly different than the non-application of silicon. The height of dry weight wild oats was related to topic and pumasuper herbicides that in control wild oats weren’t succeeded. Herbicides Atlantis and Suffix herbicides had the height control of wild oats. The results of yield and components yield also showed that the use of silicon in herbicides Topic and Puma super were lead to reduction characteristics. In the case of herbicides Atlantis and Pumasuper in terms of the non-application of silica reduction yield and components yields were observed due to phytotoxicity the effects of herbicides on wheat plants. Silicon is used in treatments of herbicides Aperous and atlantis grain yield were significantly increased. The results showed that the silicon leads to reduce the phytotoxicity of herbicides aperous and Atlantis in weather condition Eghlid. Keywords: wild oats, dry weight, grain yield, phytotoxicity, Atlantis, Aperou Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Estimating leaf area by using vegetative characteristics in in bread and durum wheat cultivars
jafar pourreza Afshin Soltani احمد نادریIn order to investigate relationships between leaf area (LA) cm2plant-1 with leaf dry weight ( LDW) g plant-1, total dry weight of vegetative organs (leaf + stem)(TDWV) g plant-1, total plant leaf number (TPLN) and plant height (PH) cm plant-1; two field experiments wer MoreIn order to investigate relationships between leaf area (LA) cm2plant-1 with leaf dry weight ( LDW) g plant-1, total dry weight of vegetative organs (leaf + stem)(TDWV) g plant-1, total plant leaf number (TPLN) and plant height (PH) cm plant-1; two field experiments were conducted at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz Branch in 2006-2008 cropping seasons with 13 bread wheat cultivars(Atrak, Bayat, Chamran, Chenab, Dez, Ineia, Kavir, Marvdasht, Shiraz and S78-18) and two durum wheat (Yavaroos and shova-Mald) cultivars. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Various equations including linear and none-linear equations were used to describe relationships between leaf area and mentioned characteristics. The best results were obtained with linear form of power equation {ln(Y)=ln(a)+bln(x)}. Results showed that there was no significant difference between cultivars and in respect to coefficients of allometric relationships. So one equation was used for all cultivars in both years. Equation Y=219.2X0.96(R2=0.99) showed very good description of the estimation of leaf area (Y) Using LDW (X), Also according to equation Y=84.77X0.6 (R2=0.92) , leaf area using data of TDWV (X) was well estimated. although relationship between LA and PTLN was suitable but LA was estimated with less precision compared to LDW and TDWV (Y=1.34X1.57, R2=0.89). Estimation of leaf area Using data of PH was not well estimated. It was concluded that the equations could be used for estimation of leaf area especially when the leaf area meter device is not available or can be used in simulation models of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Assessing the relationship between leaf area and some vegetative characteristics in safflower
Benjamin ترابی ناصر دستفالی اصغر رحیمی افشین سلطانیTo find a quick and reliable method to estimate leaf area in safflower cv 'Local Esfahan', a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design was conducted with four replicates and two factors included sowing date (5 and 25 April and 18 May) and plant de MoreTo find a quick and reliable method to estimate leaf area in safflower cv 'Local Esfahan', a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design was conducted with four replicates and two factors included sowing date (5 and 25 April and 18 May) and plant density (15, 40, 65 and 90 pl/m-2). In the present study, leaf area was estimated through leaf number on main stem, node number on main stem, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight by the different regression models. Based on RMSE (root mean squares of error) and R2 (determinant coefficient) estimated for studied models, leaf dry weight was the best independent variable to estimate the leaf area. The relationship between leaf area and leaf dry weight described by a linear model. The values of RMSE varied between 24.39 and 61.35 for different densities and the values of R2 was higher than 0.96. This indicates that model could predict leaf area by leaf dry weight. It was found no significant difference between the slopes of linear model fitted on leaf area data against leaf dry weight. Therefore, a general model was fitted on these data using all densities and the values of the a and b coefficients were estimated as 9.7 and 108.7, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effects of methyl jasmonate and phosphorus on PAL activitity, flavonoids and some physiological parameters in leaves and fruit of red pepper
کلثوم شمس الدینی بتول کرامت حسین مظفریJasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and en MoreJasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and energy production in plants. In this study, the effects of methyl jasmonate (0, 50 and 100 μM) and phosphoru (0, 2 and 4 mM) on dry weight, chlorophyll content, flavonoids content and phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) activity in leaves and fruits of red pepper plants in the reproductive stage were examined. The results showed that methyl jasmonate and phosphorus (in both concentrations) significantly increased the dry weight of treated plants compared to control. Moreover, using of both methyl jasmonate(50 µM) and phosphorus (2, 4 mM) led to increase in chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content compared with control plants. Application of 50 μM MJ with 2 and 4 mM phosphorus enhanced flavonoid content in leaves while in fruit, MJ 100 Μm with 4 Mm of phosphorus effective treatments. PAL activity analysis revealed that methyl jasmonate(100 µM) in combination with phosphorus (4 mM) increased the activity of this enzyme in fruit pepper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.)
علی تدین مجتبی ظفریانIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran in 2013. Three varieties of clover (Bersim, Haftchin (Persian) and Kermanshahi) were considered as the first factor and three levels of humic acid applications [control (without humic acid), 5 and 10 lha-1] as the second factors. Results showed that shoot dry weight, dry weight per plant, root and shoot dry weight per plant, plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were affected by interaction effect of variety×humic acid. First and Second time of harvest had 57% and 43% of the most values of treatments, respectively. Haftchin and Kermanshahi varieties had the highest and Bersim had the lowest values of the treatments. Humic acid with 10 l ha-1 produced the highest values of measured treatments. In general, application of 10 liter humic acid per ha produced the highest values of shoot dry weight by 3410 and 3800 kg ha-1 in Kermanshahi and Haftchin varieties, respectively. Bersim produced the lowest value of shoot dry weight by 686 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Growth and physiological reactions of common bean cv. Sanry in response to salicylic acid and biostimulants under different irrigation regimes
Zahra Ghahremani Taher Barzegar Jaefar Nikbakht Zahra GhahramaniIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment wa MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment was conducted split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan during 2015. Three different irrigation (I) regimes (100, 75 and 50% ETc) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), Megafol (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% MF) and to distilled water as control were conducted. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and pod yield. Foliar application of SA and MF enhanced growth and fruit yield. The irrigation × foliar treatments interactions results suggested that maximum leaf number (43.1), leaf area (2729.3 cm-2) and pod yield (6193.9 kg.ha-1) was obtained using MF 0.2% under I100 %ETc. Plants sprayed with SA 1.5mM and MF 0.2% exhibited higher stomatal conductance (205.27 mM.m-2s-1) under I100 %ETc. The highest N (2.47%), P (181.6 ppm) and K (0.88%) concentration was found in plants sprayed with MF 0.2%, SA 1mM and MF 0.3%, respectively under I100 %ETc. According to the results, MF 0.2% and SA 0.5 mM had the highest effects on growth and pod yield under water deficit stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean cultivation affected by different types of fertilizers and weed interference
Mahmood Ramroudi Javad Mahmoudi Mehdi Dahmarde Mohammad GalaviAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized MoreAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalus city in summer of 2013 and 2014. Fertilizers types including chemical fertilizer, manure and nano-chelates spraying as the main plot and weed control in three levels including emergence to flowering, critical period of weed interference and no weeding were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that yield with weeding during the critical period as well as weeding until flowering was achieved in a statistical group and were significantly more than non-control treatment. The highest weeds dry weight was obtained in gweed infested treatment and increasing in weed control time caused their weight loss. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest dry weed weight was observed by chemical fertilizer application. Maximum nitrate concentration at a soil depth of 80-100 cm were obtained by using chemical fertilizer. Weeds dry weight increased and the nitrate concentration decreased when the weeds control duration was reduced. In general, the results showed that weed control during the critical period increased the grain yield by increasing the yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effect of Planting Dates and Rice Residue Application (Mulch) on Growth and Yield of Cranberry Bean
رقیه قربانی محمد نقی صفرزاده ویشکاییPlanting data and soil moisture retention are the most important factors influencing the increase crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of planting dates and rice residue application (mulch) on growth and yield of cranberry bean, a factorial experiment arranged in MorePlanting data and soil moisture retention are the most important factors influencing the increase crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of planting dates and rice residue application (mulch) on growth and yield of cranberry bean, a factorial experiment arranged in a complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in Koochesfehan (Rasht, Iran). The factors were planting dates 3 levels (23 April, 30 April and 7 May) and mulch application with 2 levels (with mulch, without mulch). Results indicated that planting dates had significant effect on parameters, exactly number of green pods had significant effect on parameters, exactly number of green seeds, number of flowers, biological and productivity score. Interaction between planting dates and mulch had significant effect on number of dry seeds, number of root nodules, dry seed yield, biological yield and productivity score. Comparison of means indicated that first planting date had the highest effect on parameters; number of green seeds (29.79), number of dry seeds (30.03) and number of flowers (16) per plant, dry pod yield (1139.58 Kg/ha) and harvest index (47.93%). Mulch application had the highest effect on parameters; number of green pod per plant (8.33), pod yield (1085.28 Kg/ha) and harvest index (42.68%). Overall the first planting date (23 April) and application of mulch had higher effect on dry seed yield and productivity score of cranberry bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluating non-linear regression models in growth analysis of Cucurbita pepo L.
hamideh khalaj mohammadreza LabbafiThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the 2013 growing season. The planting dates were April 20th, June 20th and July 20th. In order to study the growth analysis, leaf area and dry weight changes were measured. Eight models were used to describe the dry weight variations (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Linear Expression, Symmetric Linear and Beta 1 and 2 models), and three models (logistic, Gompertz and beta) were used to describe the trend of leaf area changes. The results showed that all models well described the changes in dry weight and leaf area (day after planting) and can be used in growth analysis studies. In this research, a beta-1 model was used in all three planting dates to estimate leaf area and dry matter index. Among the planting dates, the highest leaf area index and dry matter were produced in April 20th and June 20th with 1.78 and 1379 g / m2, respectively. The best time to plant of C. pepo L. in the Varamin is June. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and essence yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
nader omidvar mona dastori abdolraza jafariIn order to evaluate of effect drought stress and salicylic acid on yield and growth parameters and essence of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement base on (CRD)with four replications in Saffashar city in 2011. The MoreIn order to evaluate of effect drought stress and salicylic acid on yield and growth parameters and essence of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement base on (CRD)with four replications in Saffashar city in 2011. The first factor consisted of three levels of drought stress (irrigation at field capacity during the growing period, drought stress medium with 2/3 field capacity in both vegetative and flowering stages and severe drought 1/3 field capacity at flowering stage) and the second factor consisted of four concentration of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg of salicylic acid per liter). Results showed that maximum plant height, shoot dry weight and shot fresh weight can be related to irrigation treatments at field capacity. The lowest measured traits were among the different irrigation treatments on drought stress, with 1/3 field capacity at the flowering stage. Maximum percent ofessence was related to drought stress treatment on 1/3 field capacity at flowering stage and the highest essence yield were obtained to mild and severe drought stress (irrigation at 2/3 field capacity and 1/3 field capacity). Salicylic acid application results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight and essence and essence yield obtained in 300 mg per liter of salicylic acid, and the least was in control. The highest essence yield per hectare was obtained in 2/3 field capacity in both vegetative and flowering stages and the appropriate time could be achieved in both essence percent and essence yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The evaluation of efficiency selective herbicide and time of application on weed control wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L) in wheat fields
Kh. Taheri H.R. Ebrahimi A. JafariIn order to evaluate selective herbicides at different times on wild oat control in wheat field, a factorial experiment in terms of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at Marvdasht, Fars during planting seasons in 2011-12. Four s MoreIn order to evaluate selective herbicides at different times on wild oat control in wheat field, a factorial experiment in terms of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at Marvdasht, Fars during planting seasons in 2011-12. Four selective and common herbicides (Atlantis OD (mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium), Total (metsulfuron methyl and sulfosulfuron), Topic (Clodinafop propargyl( and Puma Super (Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) and four application times (6-8 leaf stage of wheat, early tillering, mid-tillering and early jointing stage) were considered as the first and second factors, respectively. Results showed that there was significant difference between the times of application and selective herbicides to control wild oat weeds (p > 0.05). The results of mean comparison in relation to the application times revealed that the highest and the lowest control levels of wild oat weed were in the stages of mid-tillering and early jointing, respectively. The findings in relation to the selective herbicides also showed that the highest dry weight (DW) of weeds was obtained in both of Topic and Puma Super herbicides. The lowest DW of wild oat weed was observed in both Atlantis OD and Total herbicides. The results of yield and yield components showed that the highest grain yield obtained when the herbicide was applied at mid-Tillering stage. Herbicide application at the jointing stage due to lack of proper control of weeds led to a decrease in wheat yield level. Application of Atlantis OD herbicide at 6-8 leaf stage of wheat can cause severe burning of wheat and thus may decrease its yield. In general, it is recommended that acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase family of herbicides which has a high degree of resistance to weeds not to be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Study the acclimation of chicory (cichorium intybus L.) ecotypes under water stress in Badjgah region of Shiraz
M.J. Abbasi M. Jahani Doghozloo H. Pirasteh-Anosheh S.A. Kazemeini M. TaghvaeiWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield MoreWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield and essential oil of four chicory ecotypes including Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black. The experiment was carried out as split plot arranged in complete randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Badjgah) in 2013. The results showed that water stress, due to enhanced irrigation interval, decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight. Leaf area and dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight in sever water stress were decreased by 40.3, 46.2, 37.8 and 45.8% compared to no stress conditions, respectively. Besides, increased irrigation intervals from 5 or 8 to 11 and 14 days increased amount of essential oil content in all ecotypes. Increased irrigation interval from 5 to 14 days reduced total dry weight of Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes by 47.9, 56.1, 22.4 and 53.6%, respectively. Although growth and essential oil of Shiraz White and Shiraz Black ecotypes were greater; however, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes had the lower sensitivity to water stress. Therefore, in conditions similar to the study, planting of Shiraz and Isfahan ecotypes under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, are needed to more attentions, respectively. ont-family:"B Lotus"'>اصفهان شد. اگرچه رشد و اسانس اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید شیراز بیشتر بود، ولی اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید اصفهان حساسیت کمتری به تنش آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین، در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه با منطقه باجگاه، اکوتیپهای شیراز و اصفهان به ترتیب برای کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کمآبیاری نیازمند بررسی بیشتر هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluation of the Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivar on Morphological Traits on Corn Biomass in Isfahan
MOHAMMAD BAKHSHIAN HOSSEIN HEIDARI SHARIFABAD -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of Humic Acid and Putassium Fertilizer on Growth feature of Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.)
I. Bahremand K. Bakhsh Kelarestaghi N. AsgariIn order to determine the effect of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on the fresh and dry weight of heath and root dry weight , Length of root and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of mention plant, there was an Experiment using the plan of Compeletly Randomized Block Design wit MoreIn order to determine the effect of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on the fresh and dry weight of heath and root dry weight , Length of root and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of mention plant, there was an Experiment using the plan of Compeletly Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 12 treatments raised on factorial.the factors was 4 level of humic acid (0,5,10,15 kg/ha) and 3 level of potassium sulfate (0,50,100 kg/ha). During the experiment , Leaf Area Index, as well as plant fresh and dry weight , Length of root and root dry weight was measured and analyzed. Results showed that the positive effect of humic acid and potassium on Leaf Area Index by plant and increase dry and fresh weight ,root dr weight and Length of root . That treatment who had received the most amount of humic acid had significant difference in comparision of other treatments. Comparing treatment who had received the most amount of "Potassium" had significant difference too. Comparing interaction between treatments, also indicate that treated plants with the highest amount of humic acid and putassium, had significant difference in comparision of other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Effects of Altitude on Some Physiological Characteristics of Sagebrush in Khorasan Province, Iran
Alireza Ekrami Nahid Masoudian Homa Mahmoodzadeh Bostan Roodi Mostafa EbadiThe present research aimed to investigate the effects of altitude on some physiological characteristics of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. Plant samples were taken from 15 areas in the Lakh Kuhik mountains. After determining the maps of work units, samples were taken systemati MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the effects of altitude on some physiological characteristics of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. Plant samples were taken from 15 areas in the Lakh Kuhik mountains. After determining the maps of work units, samples were taken systematically in each unit. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. The highest and the lowest chlorophyll content were recorded at an altitude below 1200 m and above 1256 m, respectively. Dry and fresh weights were measured with a precision balance. The results indicated a direct relationship between the increase in plant Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ contents and altitude. However, there was no significant relationship between altitude and plant P3-. Extraction was performed using a rotary evaporator (rotovap). Physiological and antioxidant traits and chlorophyll content of the samples were determined using the standard method (i.e., by a spectrophotometer). Results indicated that altitude had significant effects on physiological traits as the highest antioxidant activity was observed in regions with mid-latitude regions (i.e., 1228 m). Overall, it can be concluded that antioxidant content was lower at higher altitudes, and the best quality could be obtained from higher altitude plants (i.e., 1256 m). Similarly, fresh and dry weights were higher at higher altitudes because cytokinin levels in plants increased with reductions in auxin levels. In the next step, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were assayed separately. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content declined at high altitudes due to the presence of shortwave radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Study of improvements in the biological yield and the physiologic indicators of Ajwan (Carum copticum L.) as affected by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions
Ali Reza Dadgar Mohamad Rahim OwjiThis experiment was conducted to study the improvement of biological yield and physiological indicators of Ajwan by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions in 2018. A factorial study was conducted with a randomized complete design with two factors and thr MoreThis experiment was conducted to study the improvement of biological yield and physiological indicators of Ajwan by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions in 2018. A factorial study was conducted with a randomized complete design with two factors and three replications. The first factor included four levels of water salinity including the control (without salt stress) and salinities of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/l. The second factor included five levels of using zero polyamine, 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l putrescine and 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l spermidine. The results showed that increasing the salinity levels resulted in a reduction of the height, the biological yield, the lateral branch and the number of umbels in the plant. The lowest amount of chlorophyll a and b and the highest sodium and chloride content in the salt stress of 3000 mg/l was observed. Under salt stress of 2000 mg/l, the spermidine treatment as 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l led to an increase in the proline content to the amounts of 44.56 and 40.16% as compared with that of the control. Also, the highest peroxidase in the spermidine treatment of 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l was observed in the amounts of 3.60 and 3.20 micromoles per minute protein. Therefore, the polyamine compounds lead to the reduction of the salt stress effects through improvement in the physiologic characteristics, including increase in the osmotic adjusting compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the polyamine compound of spermidine has a better function than putrescine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth in Cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata)
Fatemeh kamyab Shahin Vaezi Mohammadjafar Aghaei Mina RabieiOne of the constraints in development of cowpea cultivation in growing areas of this crop is soil salinity. In order to investigate the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on MoreOne of the constraints in development of cowpea cultivation in growing areas of this crop is soil salinity. In order to investigate the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with 4 replications. The study was carried out June 2013 at the genetic and gene nation bank laboratory of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Treatments were including of 4 levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), 15 genotypes of cowpea (mashhad, omid bakhsh1, omid bakhsh 2, 001, 002, 7245, 7254, 7262, 7288, 7244, 7256, 7291, 7289, 7278 and 7305). The results showed that the effects of genotypes and salinity levels on different measured traits were significant at 5% probability level. Germination under saline conditions gave significant reductions for each treatment tested. The interaction effects of genotype and salinity, cultivar Mashhad in 150 mM NaCl salinity had the highest final germination percentage (84 %) and vigor germination (8.1). Also, the highest and lowest germination rate in high salinity (150 mM NaCl) had obtained in 7291 (5.3 seed per dar) and omid bakhsh 2 (3.7 seed per dar) cultivar, respectively. Increasing NaCl applications generally decreased the fresh and dry weight of Plumule and fresh and dry weight radicle. In high salinity level (150 mM NaCl), the highest of fresh and dry weight of Plumule had obtained in cultivar Mashhad (0.76 and 0.995 gr). Decrease in Plumule and radicle weight by NaCl application is due to increase in osmotic pressure of soil and decrease in availability of soil water because of NaCl Genotypes mashhad and 001 in NaCl salinity were evaluated as the most resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, there is necessary genetic diversity among the Cowpea genotypes of Iran for selection of salinity resistant cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of topic and granstar herbicides with codacide adjuvant to weeds control of wheat Parsi cultivar
farakh farzane babak Andalibi eskandar Zand alireza YousefiIn order to investigate of the effects of topic and granstar herbicides with codacide adjuvant to weeds control of wheat fields an experiment was carried outwith 13 treatment and 4 replication in 2012-2013, in Karaj. Experiment factor were granstar herbicide 3 dos MoreIn order to investigate of the effects of topic and granstar herbicides with codacide adjuvant to weeds control of wheat fields an experiment was carried outwith 13 treatment and 4 replication in 2012-2013, in Karaj. Experiment factor were granstar herbicide 3 dose (14,17,20 g/ha), granstar herbicide (14,17,20 g/ha+0.25% V/V Codacide) and topic herbicide(0.6,0.8,1 lit/ha) and topic herbicide (0.6,0.8, 1 lit/ ha+ 0.25% V/V codacide). These treatments were used in tillering time. The result of this experiment indicated that Granstar 17 gr/ha+ 0.25% herbicide had the best of effect on weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on growth characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/ Perennial ryegrass) species (Lolium perenne L.)
Seyed Mohsen Nabavi Kalat Parvaneh Nezamolmolki Reza Sadrabadi HaghighiIn order to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on some of the growth ‎characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/Perennial ryegrass) a greenhouse experiment was conducted ‎in factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications at Plant Productio MoreIn order to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on some of the growth ‎characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/Perennial ryegrass) a greenhouse experiment was conducted ‎in factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications at Plant Productions Center, ‎Mashhad Municipality, during cropping season 2015-2016, Mashhad, Iran. The factors were ‎included five levels of compost (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Wt% flower pot soil) and two species of ‎mycorrhizal fungi in four levels (Without application (Control), Glomus intaradices, Glomus ‎mosseae and Glomus intaradices + Glomus mosseae). The result of variance analysis showed ‎that the effect of compost on all traits, and mycorrhizal fungi on leaf length, root length, root ‎fresh and dry weight, root length / shoot length and chlorophyll content were significant. ‎However the effect of interaction between the two factors on traits was not significant. Based ‎on mean comparison of traits, the highest amount of all traits (Expect: root length/shoot ‎length) were obtained by 5% compost. The highest amount of root length/shoot length ‎obtained by 7% compost. The most root length, root fresh and dry weight and root ‎length/shoot length were influenced by Glomus intaradices + Glomus mosseae application. ‎Overall, the results of this study showed positive effect of the application of compost on all ‎traits and mycorrhizal fungi on root growth characteristics of lawn.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of soil solarization on soil characteristics and weeds dry matter in Estahban region
Mohammad hassan Baeshtiagh Farhad Mohajeri In order to evaluation of solarization time and plastic color on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis in Estahban region, this study was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with More In order to evaluation of solarization time and plastic color on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis in Estahban region, this study was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors included solarization duration at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, and plastic color at Transparent, non-transparent and dark levels. The effect of solarization duration on total dry weight of weeds showed that with increasing solarization time, dry weight of weeds decreased and there was a significant difference between different treatments of solarization time The lowest dry weight of weeds (36.2 g / m2) was observed in 60 days of solarization and the highest dry weight of weeds (162.55 g / m²) was observed in control treatment Also, the darker the color of the plastic, the total dry weight of the weeds decreased. The highest dry weight (95.1 gr / m2) was obtained in transparent plastic and the lowest dry weight (24.25 g / m2) in dark plastic. Manuscript profile
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