Effect of nano chelates (iron and zinc) and nitrogen (biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer) on some morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil yield of two Basil populations

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

saeed fatahi siahkamari ¹ ( PhD student, Zanjan University )
Hossein aroiee ² ( Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad )
Majid Azizi ³ ( Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad )
ali salehi sardoei ⁴ ( مربی )

Received: 2018-09-05 Accepted : 2019-04-16 Published : 2020-05-21

Keywords: dry weight, Photosynthetic pigments, Nitroxin, Chemical compounds, Basil populationes, Nano Chelate,

Abstract :

Basil (Ocimum basillicum L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae familyis an important herbal medicinal plant that essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant have been used in food industry as an antibacterial agent and perfumery. This study was conducted in 2014 at the research farm of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The treatments were arranged a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental treatments were two basil populations including Varam in and Qaen and different amounts of macro and micro-elements in nine levels. The traits in this study included plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight, number of leaves, number of sub branches, Chlorophyll a and b, Carotenoid and essential oil. The results revealed that the majority of these traits affected by experimental treatments.The result of mean comparisons were showed that the highest dry weight (77.66 g/m2) belonged toVaram in population by application of nano- zinc chelate fertilizer at 1.5 kg/h. Based on the results, the highest chlorophyll a (6.5 g/mg FW) was obtained in Qaen population using urea fertilizer at 60kg/ha. The Varam in population with 0.93 percent essential oil had a significant superiority to the Qaen population with an average of 0.77%V/W essential oil. In addition, application of nitrox in fertilizer at 3 kg/ha had the highest amount of essential oil (1. 09%). The Varam in population with 0.93% essential oil was better than Qaen population. Application of nitroxin bio fertilizer at 3 kg/ha also had the highest essential oil (1. 09%). The results of the present study showed that different treatments concentrations had different results on the measurement traits. It seems that application of nano chelate fertilizer and nitroxin bio fertilizer can be effectively used to improve soil, environment and human health and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers.

References:

1. Bakhshande Larimi, S., Shakiba M., Dabbagh Mohammadinasab, A. and Moghaddam Vahed, M. 2014. Changes in nitrogen and chlorophyll density and leaf area of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by biofertilizer and nitrogen application. International Journal of Bioscience, 5(9): 256-265. 


2. Bayati, F., Ayne Band, A. and Fateh, E. 2015. Effect of Nano Fertilizer Values and Times on Yield and Yield Components of Brassica napus L. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(4): 805-812.


3. Dehghani Meshkani, M.R., Naghdi Badi, H.A., Darzi, M.T., Mehr Afarin, A., Reza zade, Sh.A. and Kad Khoda, Z. 2011. The Effect of Biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of shirazian babooneh (Matricaria recutita L.).  Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10(38): 35-48.  


4. Derosa, M.C., Monreal, C., Schnitzer, M., Walsh, R. and Sultan, Y. 2010. Nanotechnologyin fertilizers. Nat Nanotechnol. 5: 2.91-104.


5. Fallahi, A., Hassani, A. and Sefidkon, F. 2016. Effect of foliar application of different zinc sources on yield and phytochemical characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32 (5): 744-757.


6. Ghofrani-Maghsud, S., Mobasser, H.R. and Fanaei, H.R. 2014. Effect of foliar application and time foliarapplication microelements (Zn, Fe, Mn) on safflower. J.  Nov. Appl. Sci, 3(4): 396-399.


7. Hashemi Fadaki, S.E., Fakheri, B.A., Mahdinezhad, N. and Mohammadpour Vashvae, R. 2018. Effects of nano and nano bio-fertilizer on physiological, biochemical characteristics and yield of roselle (Hibisicus sabdariffa L.) under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Crops Production, 20 (1): 46-65.


8. Kapoor, R., Chaudhary, V. and Bhatnagar, A.K. 2007. Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on Artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Mycrrhiza, 17(7): 581- 587.


9. Kheiry, A., Babakhani, R., Sanikhani, M. and Razavi, F. 2017. Effects of nitroxine and thiobacillus biofertilizers on morphological and phytochemical properties of Mentha pipertita L. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 10 (33): 35-42.


10. Kumar, A., Patro, H.K. and Anand, K., 2010. Effect of zinc and sulphur on herb, oil yield and quality of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) var. Kosi. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4): 642-648.


11. Liu, R. and Lal, R. 2015. Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers for increasing agronomic productions. Science of the Total Environment. 514: 131-139.


12. Mahfouz, S.A. and Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics, 21: 361-366.


13. Marschner H. 2012. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Third Edition, Academic Press, London.


14. Miransari, H., Mehrafarin, A. and Naghdibadi, H.A. 2014. Morphophysiological and phytochemical responses of Dill to (Anethum graveolens L.) foliar application of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. Quarterly J. Med. Plants, 14(2): 15-30. (In Persian).


15. Moradi Telavat, M.R., Roshan, F. and Siadat, S.A. 2015. Effect of foliar application of zinc sulfate on minerals contenet, seed and oil yields of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 17(2): 153-164. (In Persian).


16. Nasiri, Y., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Nasrullah Zadeh, S., Ghassemi Gholezani, K., Najafi, N. and Javanmard, A. 2013. Evaluation of foliar spray of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate on yield and nutrients concentration of aerial parts in German Chamomile. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainnable Production, 23 (3): 106-115.


17. Nasiri, Y., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Nasrullahzadeh, S., Najafi, N. and Ghassemi-Golezani, K. 2010. Effects of foliar application of micronutrients (Fe and Zn) on flower yield and essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). J. Med. Plants Res, 17(4): 1733-1737.


18. Nemati, A. and Golchin, A. 2015. Effects of biological fertilizers on yield and concentrations of micronutrients in organs of tomato under cadmium stress. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3): 45-63.


19. Naderi, A. and Daneshe Shhahraki, O. 2013. Application of Nanotechnology to Optimize the Formation of Chemical Fertilizers. Nanotechnology Monthly, 4(20): 22-165.


20. Omidbaigi, R. 2008. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Volume 3). Astan Ghods Razavi Publication, Mashhad, 397p. (In Persian).


21. Omidbaigi, R. 2010. Approaches to Production and Processing of Medicinal plants. Beh Nashr Press, 347p. (In Persian).


22. Panahinia, M., Sanikhani, M. and Kheiri, A. 2016. Morphological Characteristics and essential oil production of sweet basil (ocimum basilicum L.) under application of nitrogen and iron. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production, 26(4): 158-166.


23. Pardakhti, A., Nazran, M.H., Hokmabadi, H. and Ashiani, M. 2006. The role of green space in reducing air pollution and the effect of new fertilizer Khazra iron chelate in increasing the efficiency of plants and stylized air.In First Environmental Engineering Conference. University of Tehran. (In Persian).


24. Parsa-Motlagh, B., Mahmoodi, S., Sayyari-Zahan, M.H., and Naghizadeh, M. 2011. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on concentration of leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under salinity stress condition. Agroecology, 3(2): 233-244. (In Persian)


25. Preeti pande, M., Anwar, S.C., Yadov, V. and Patra, D. 2007. Optimal level of iron and zinc in relation to its influence on herb yield and protection of essential oil in menthol mint. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38: 561-578.


26. Raei, Y., Kordi, S., Ghanbari, F., Shayan, A.A., Shahkarami, G. and Fatahi, S. 2015. The effect of Azospirilium bacteria and salicylic acid effects on drought stress tolerance in Ocimum basilicum L. Medicinal plant. Advances in Bioresearch, 6(6): 44-53.


27. Singh, M., Khan, M.M.A. and Naeem, M. 2016. Effect of nitrogen on growth, nutrient assimilation, essential oil content, yield and quality attributes in Zingiber officinale Rose. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15: 171-178.


28. Tahami-Zarandi, S.M.K., Rezavani Moghadam, P. and Jahan, M. 2010. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential percentage of basil (Osimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agroecology, 2(1): 63-74.


29. Wesani, M., Rahimzadeh Khoi, F. and Sohrabi, U. 2013. The effect of biological fertilizers on morphological, physiological, and essential oil of basil Herb. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Research, 28(1): 73-87.


30. Yassen, A., Abou El-Nour, E.A.A. and Shedeed, S. 2010. Response of Wheat to foliar spray with urea and Micronutrients. Journal of American Science, 6 (9): 14-22.