(مقاله کوتاه علمی) اثر کودهای نانو کلات (آهن و روی) و کود نیتروژن (زیستی و شیمیایی) بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد اسانس دو توده محلی گیاه دارویی Ocimum basillicum L.

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

سعید فتاحی سیاه کمری ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری باغبانی، دانشگاه زنجان)
حسین آرویی ² (گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)
مجید عزیزی ³ (گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)
علی صالحی ساردویی ⁴ (گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/06/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/01/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/03/01

کلید واژه: رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی, ریحان, اسانس, نانوکلات,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basillicum L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان متعلق به خانواده نعناء است، پیکر رویشی آن حاوی اسانس (5/0 تا 5/1 درصد) است و در صنایع غذایی و عطرسازی مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل دو توده محلی ریحان (ورامین و قائن) و مقادیر مختلف عناصر کم‌مصرف و پرمصرف در 9 سطح انجام شد. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد برگ، تعداد ساقه های جانبی، وزن خشک گیاه، محتوی کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید و میزان اسانس بود. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و توسط دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد. کلروفیل و کارتنوئید به‌صورت اسپکتروفتومتری آنالیز گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی در این پژوهش تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار گرفت. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک (66/77 گرم در مترمربع) متعلق به توده ورامین به همراه مصرف نانو کلات روی به مقدار (5/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (5/6 میلی گرم در گرم وزن تر) به توده محلی قائن همراه با کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره بود. توده محلی ورامین با 93/0 درصد اسانس برتری قابل‌توجهی نسبت به توده محلی قائن داشت. بین تیمارها و غلظت های به‌کار رفته، در صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری مشاهده گردید. همچنین به نظر می رسد کاربرد کودهای نانو و کود زیستی نیتروکسین می تواند گام مؤثری در جهت بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت محصول و جایگزینی مناسب برای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی باشند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Basil (Ocimum basillicum L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae familyis an important herbal medicinal plant that essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant have been used in food industry as an antibacterial agent and perfumery. This study was conducted in 2014 at the research farm of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The treatments were arranged a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental treatments were two basil populations including Varam in and Qaen and different amounts of macro and micro-elements in nine levels. The traits in this study included plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight, number of leaves, number of sub branches, Chlorophyll a and b, Carotenoid and essential oil. The results revealed that the majority of these traits affected by experimental treatments.The result of mean comparisons were showed that the highest dry weight (77.66 g/m2) belonged toVaram in population by application of nano- zinc chelate fertilizer at 1.5 kg/h. Based on the results, the highest chlorophyll a (6.5 g/mg FW) was obtained in Qaen population using urea fertilizer at 60kg/ha. The Varam in population with 0.93 percent essential oil had a significant superiority to the Qaen population with an average of 0.77%V/W essential oil. In addition, application of nitrox in fertilizer at 3 kg/ha had the highest amount of essential oil (1. 09%). The Varam in population with 0.93% essential oil was better than Qaen population. Application of nitroxin bio fertilizer at 3 kg/ha also had the highest essential oil (1. 09%). The results of the present study showed that different treatments concentrations had different results on the measurement traits. It seems that application of nano chelate fertilizer and nitroxin bio fertilizer can be effectively used to improve soil, environment and human health and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers.

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