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Open Access Article
1 - Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo
shamsi parsa Golnaz peyvandiAbstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and MoreAbstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and spirit are seen in their works. Regarding poetic styles, both of them believe in freedom from the rhyme restriction and they use rhythmic speech and make a new way in poetry. Like Whitman Shamloo brought in colloquial and conversational language to the poetry. But Shamloo paid special attention to the rich, poetical and epic language and his epic and mythical tone is affected by the texts of holy book. There are also some confrontations in their works. Most of the time Shamloo praises the heroes.This hero is sometimes a warrior and sometimes his beloved. But Walt Whitman praises not only human but also plants, animals and inanimate. Sufism in Whitman's poems is seen more than Shamloo's Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A View on the Comprehensiveness of Qur'an through Rational Education
Alireza Zakizadeh Renani Fatemeh Taebi IsfahaniThe present article has looked at the issue of comprehensiveness with a descriptive-analytical method for explaining the Qur'anic rational education and expressing the Qur'an's view in combining religion and intellect. In fact, Qur'an has paid attention to train thought MoreThe present article has looked at the issue of comprehensiveness with a descriptive-analytical method for explaining the Qur'anic rational education and expressing the Qur'an's view in combining religion and intellect. In fact, Qur'an has paid attention to train thought in the audiences in various ways. This book, throughout wisdom, accepts neither extreme rationalism nor anti-rationalism; Quranic rational education is focused at the widest audience and with all aspects of rationality. In this research, rational education has been studied in all three dimensions of rationality. It seems that all these types have been trained in the Qur'an. Fundamental rationality with Qur'anic arguments and rationality of values with criticism of incorrect insights and methods and presentation of moral examples and practical models and instrumental rationality with its special conditions have been considered by Qur'anic education; This is a clear example of the comprehensiveness of this noble book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Omani women's society between tradition and modernity in the novel "Women of the Moon" by Jokha Al-Harethi
Zohreh Ghorbanimadavani Leila Sadegh NaghdealiIn contemporary literature, addressing social, cultural, historical, and political issues, including the struggle between tradition and modernity, has been significantly reflected. Among literary genres, the novel is considered as the best format for narrating such issu MoreIn contemporary literature, addressing social, cultural, historical, and political issues, including the struggle between tradition and modernity, has been significantly reflected. Among literary genres, the novel is considered as the best format for narrating such issues. One of these narratives is the novel " Sayyedat al-Qamar " by Jokhah al-Harethi, which is written in the style of socio-historical realism and in which the lives of the characters are beautifully depicted on the two orbits of tradition and modernity. The author describes the Omani society in the transition from a traditional system to a modern system based on the depiction of the families of Azzan, his wife Salemah, and his daughters Miya, Asma and Kholeh, London (Miya's daughter), the family of Ankabooteh and Zarifeh (maid), Najiya (Azzan's mistress). Characters are receptive to modernity (Kholeh, London and Najiya) and are considered to represent the mentality and behavior of modernity, and characters are left in their traditional thoughts and can not accept modernity (Salemah, Ankabooteh, Zarifeh). This research deals with the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the theory of dual confrontations to the confrontations of female characters on the focus of choice in marriage, child name, place of delivery, tolerance with spouse or divorce, etc. The findings of the study indicate that ancient Oman was dominated by hegemony of tradition and patriarchal system, an issue that has faded in modern and developing Oman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation of contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babakan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss
Zahra IranmaneshIn this article, we have examined the contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babkan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss. The research method is l MoreIn this article, we have examined the contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babkan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss. The research method is library and based on document research and its type is analytical-descriptive. The study of confrontation in the studied stories shows that the element of confrontation in these stories is very prominent and bold, and in fact the plot of each of these historical stories is based on confrontation. The type of confrontation in these stories, due to their historical nature, is mainly the type of confrontation of human characters. There are other confrontations besides the confrontation between human characters in these stories, among which we can see the confrontation of ideologies, justice and oppression, moral virtues and vices, the confrontation of human traits such as warfare and courage with weakness and incapacity, racial and ethnic confrontation and things like that were mentioned.In general, although the selected stories are historical stories, the components of Levi-Strauss's approach and theory can be seen in them, and the motivation of these characters for confrontation is only the motivations mentioned in the books. It is not historical, but ideals and goals, as well as their personality type and psychological characteristics, have a direct impact on these confrontations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Bhabhaesque Postcolonial Study of Hybridity in V. S. Naipaul’s “In a Free State”
Ali Dehdari Alireza Jafari -
Open Access Article
6 - The study of Individual self and social self in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry
Zahra DorriHuman beings, regardless of their epistemic perspectives, consider themselves distinct from other elements of existence while having mutual interactions with different biological and sociological phenomena. Two of the most important topics in sociological sciences is th MoreHuman beings, regardless of their epistemic perspectives, consider themselves distinct from other elements of existence while having mutual interactions with different biological and sociological phenomena. Two of the most important topics in sociological sciences is the study of the existential capacity of humans and the study of their social interactions with the family, the homeland, and the world. These two subjects are often referred to as, respectively, individual self and social self. The study of Forough Farrokhzad's poetry can reveal various personal and social manifestations of her as an Iranian woman. This is because her poetry is mainly arisen from the subconscious and is associated with social realism and symbolism. The present study shows that an individual self has always been present—albeit with a declining course—in all periods of Forough's life and poetry. Moreover, the study clarifies how individual self and social self confront with each other and how a perfectionist and reformist social self eventually dominates. In connection to this issue, it will be shown that the expression of dissatisfaction with what is happening in human society is one of the prominent features of Forough's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Study of Imam Ali’s Sermon from the Formalists Approach
Hamid Ahmadiyan Ali Saidavi This article contains an aesthetic analysis of Imam Ali’s Sermon “Welayah”, using the views of the Formalists such as Roman Jakobson and Viktor Shhlovsky. The Formalists believe that it is the “Form” that creates the me More This article contains an aesthetic analysis of Imam Ali’s Sermon “Welayah”, using the views of the Formalists such as Roman Jakobson and Viktor Shhlovsky. The Formalists believe that it is the “Form” that creates the meaning. In this article, the concept and content of the Imam’s sermon is studied, considering the structural, phonological and lexical features along with its figurative language with regard to its whole form and structure leading to a deep concept which can only be appreciated through a formalistic study. The structure of this sermon is fully established on the opposition between the pious and the wicked, truth and false, virtue and doubt, peace and riot and going back to early Islam, from the beginning to the end of Imam’s Caliphate. In his profound thoughts and views, Imam Ali predicted confusion and confrontation. He expressed it in a sublime language, firm tone, deep affection, awesome and involving rhythm and creative imagination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Content Analysis of Two Works of Nader Ebrahimi (Sufianehā and Arefanehā; Once Again, the City I Loved
Maryam Shafiee-taban Fatemeh Kupa Ali mirzaei Narges mohammadiNader Ebrahimi, one of Iran's greatest contemporary writers, follows a personal and special style in his works. The book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" is one of his valuable monuments in the field of mystical literature and the novel "The City I Loved Again" is one of his m MoreNader Ebrahimi, one of Iran's greatest contemporary writers, follows a personal and special style in his works. The book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" is one of his valuable monuments in the field of mystical literature and the novel "The City I Loved Again" is one of his most brilliant works in the field of fiction. Examining the content of the two mentioned works is the main subject of this research. The author appears in the role of a literary critic in "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" and analyzes the book's structure and content. This work is Ebrahimi's only writing about Sophia and, in fact, the analytical history of five thousand years of Iranian fiction literature and a clear example of the connection between mystical literature and the art of storytelling. The novel "The City I Loved Again" is narrated from the perspective of the hero and the main character of the story, the farmer's son. Although this novel has a logical plot, the author's neglect of some points weakens the plot to some extent. Ebrahimi has a practical view of dynamic mysticism in the book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" and "Once again the city that I loved" is one of the most brilliant and successful after Hoshang Golshiri's novel "Shāzdeh Ehtejāb" in terms of using the flow of mental fluid. The novels are considered and introduce Ebrahimi as a powerful writer and a master of style. The study and comparison of Nader Ebrahimi's two different works shows the confrontation of the author's thought in different states and the breadth of his thinking and his mastery of Iranian and mystical culture, and finally shows the fluid flow and school of mysticism in this culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A study of confrontation with the old in the works of mystical poetry
fatemeh bigdeli mohammad ali davoodabadi mohamadreza asadThe most central character of mystical literature is "Pir", who has been mentioned by other titles such as Morshed, Morad, Vali, Sheikh, Ghotb, Ostad, Moghtada, Dalil Rah, Khezr, Rend, Pir Moghan, etc. In this article, we have sought to find out to what extent the liter MoreThe most central character of mystical literature is "Pir", who has been mentioned by other titles such as Morshed, Morad, Vali, Sheikh, Ghotb, Ostad, Moghtada, Dalil Rah, Khezr, Rend, Pir Moghan, etc. In this article, we have sought to find out to what extent the literature of mystical poetry has used descriptive confrontations in identifying and introducing the old? And what are the aspects and elements most confronted with old age? The works of mysticism, especially Hadiqah al-Haqiqah Sanai, Mantiq al-Tair Attar, the spiritual Masnavi of Rumi, and the lyric poems of Hafez, have placed the old man with different personal and personal characteristics in front of different personalities and attributes. In the present article, the dual confrontations that have taken place in the works of mystical poems about the old with three approaches of characterization, conceptual metaphor and educational aspects and using structuralist criteria have been investigated. The achievement of the present study is that the mentioned poets have confronted different personalities and traits with the old man, in addition to highlighting and emphasizing his influence, to convey their personal and methodical experiences to the audience in the form of direct and symbolic messages. And tell the pure ways of the true elders from the false elders to its people, and fulfill their poetic mission and social method in this way, and at the same time add to the literary, original and aesthetic richness of their works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Jurisprudential And Legal Discussion About The Situation Of Interim And Conservatory Injunctions In Hearings Of Domestic Arbitration
ahmad esfandiariWhile issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subject and MoreWhile issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subject and equivocal and doubt in domestic arbitration hearings. Although it is acceptable on the light of principles of denying of vacuum of adjudication and some jurisprudential rules, some writers rejected the possibility of them in domestic arbitration hearings generally and some accepted in general. In addition, there isn't any consensus about tribunal that issues above injunctions in domestic arbitration hearings with supposition of it's possibility. In spite of that some are believing that issuing of them is an inherent heritage of judicial courts, others believe that issuing of them is possible by arbitral tribunal, specially where the parties of arbitral litigation agreed or with judicial Tribunal in turn or Instantaneously. Undoubtedly the interference of judicial courts in issuing of them before establishment of arbitral tribunal and conflicting with third party right and mandatory enforcement of them against whom they issue, is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Jurisprudential And Legal Discussion About The Situation Of Interim And Conservatory Injunctions In Arbitration Hearings Of Domestic Arbitration
Ahmad EsfandiariWhile issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subjec MoreWhile issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subject and equivocal and doubt in domestic arbitration hearings. Although it is acceptable on the light of principles of denying of vacuum of adjudication and some jurisprudential rules, some writers rejected the possibility of them in domestic arbitration hearings generally and some accepted in general. In addition, there isn't any consensus about tribunal that issues above injunctions in domestic arbitration hearings with supposition of it's possibility. In spite of that some are believing that issuing of them is an inherent heritage of judicial courts, others believe that issuing of them is possible by arbitral tribunal, specially where the parties of arbitral litigation agreed or with judicial Tribunal in turn or Instantaneously. Undoubtedly the interference of judicial courts in issuing of them before establishment of arbitral tribunal and conflicting with third party right and mandatory enforcement of them against whom they issue, is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Components of Nothingness in Contrast with Didactic Politeness in Poetry of Nosrat Rahmani, Freydoon Moshiri and Nader Naderpour
Abdolkarim Karimi Farzane Sorkhi Feridoon Tahmasebi Behzad KhajatIn the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially i MoreIn the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially in the 1930s after the coup, it became one of the main motifs of poetry. Some poets only cared about worldly life and turned to nihilism in the dead ends of personal and social life and wrote poetry in opposition to morality. In this article, the contrast that can be seen in the poetry of poets on this subject has been examined. The method of studying and reviewing sources is library. Samples of poetry from three contemporary poets: Freydoon Moshiri, Nosrat Rahmani and Nader Naderpour have been selected. The results of the survey show that poets at a period of their life history, especially in the 1930s, when the society is involved in the tensions resulting from the August 28 coup, turned to the ideas of nothingness and rejected the morals of the society. Atheism, tendency to despair and death thoughts in life, hedonism and eroticism, going to pubs and getting drunk, love for opium, are the most important components of nihilism in opposition to the moral teaching poetry that can be seen in their poems. In comparison, Nosrat Rahmani's poem is excellent in this motif. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Commonality of Iran and Latin America in Confrontation with the United States Policies: the Case Study Nuclear Programme of Iran
علی علی حسینی علی ابراهیمیThe present article attempts to examine the historical process of the relations of Iran and Latin America with emphasis on their commonalities, the causes for their support of nuclear programme of Iran and also the reason of the United States opposition to Iran’s MoreThe present article attempts to examine the historical process of the relations of Iran and Latin America with emphasis on their commonalities, the causes for their support of nuclear programme of Iran and also the reason of the United States opposition to Iran’s nuclear Programme. The commonalities between Iran and Latin America like negation of Imperialism and the United States hegemony, opposition to repression and tyranny led to cooperation and mutual support of Iran and Latin America in international forums. The United States made tremendous effort to get the support of Latin American countries in its pressure against nuclear programme of Iran but what happened was that the Latin American countries in most occasions supported Iran’s nuclear programme either in ALBA grouping, non-aligned movement, in United Nations security council or as independent countries. It seems that the Latin American countries have realized that the opposition of the United States to Islamic Republic of Iran is completely political and in the direction of the United States interests. Also the relation of the United States towards the Latin American countries has similar nature. Thus the present article contrary to the claim of the United States intends to substantiate the fact that the attitude of the Western world led by the United States towards the nuclear programme of Iran is exclusively political and there are instances which prove that the United States attitude is political. The Latin American countries share this view with Iran and for this reason they have supported Iran’s nuclear programme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Protest literature in Contrast to Mystical Literature
Ali asmand gooneganiIn the thematic classifications of Persian poetry, we encounter a type of literature whose subject is the struggle against the tyranny of rulers and those in power. In recent times, this type of literature has been referred to as protest literature. In mystical poetry, MoreIn the thematic classifications of Persian poetry, we encounter a type of literature whose subject is the struggle against the tyranny of rulers and those in power. In recent times, this type of literature has been referred to as protest literature. In mystical poetry, protest literature can be seen separately and alongside other literary genres. So far, the connection between this genre and the mystical literature has not been studied much. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the aim of the present article is first to classify mystical and Sufi poets from the perspective of protest and then to express the reasons for the opposition of protest literature with mystical poetry in different periods. The results show that due to the spirit of indulgence and deep tolerance, mystical poets do not have a suitable ground for protest and criticism and despite a handful of examples, most mystical poets have been reluctant to address protest themes. Also, the results of the research indicate that due to their intellectual principles, deterministic view, complete reliance on God, surrender to God's will, and sometimes due to severity of the rulers or interacting with powerful people, the mystical poets refused to protest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The role of Interpol surveillance networks in curbing transnational terrorism
azar alinejadField and Aims: The spread of terrorism outside the borders of countries led to the formation of a type of terrorism, known as transnational terrorism. Today, the development and advancement of communication and information technologies and the use of them by terrorist MoreField and Aims: The spread of terrorism outside the borders of countries led to the formation of a type of terrorism, known as transnational terrorism. Today, the development and advancement of communication and information technologies and the use of them by terrorist organizations and individuals has created a situation were dealing with this form of terrorism has become a new challenge at the international level, and numerous international organizations and institutions has also involved the international community in this confrontation and providing effective solutions. Interpol is one of the organizations that, by having supervisory institutions at the international level, can take effective measures in the field of curbing this form of terrorism, Method: This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way. Findings and results: The findings indicate that terrorist groups with goals, activities and organizational forms that are beyond their origin can be called "transnational". Therefore, terrorists can be transnational in three ways: goals, actions and organizational form. In dealing with the transnational terrorism network, Interpol has adopted methods that include: a- Identifying suspected terrorists; b- Preventing the travel of people suspected of terrorist activities; C- tracing the financial resources of terrorists; T- The use of two monitoring networks including the mobile network database and the fixed network database. Interpol member states that have adopted the connection to mobile and fixed networks and have also used it to screen people and documents at border crossings and other key points, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Impact of Identity Confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia on Regional Security Policies of the Two Countries (Case Study of Yemen)
Saeed totonchi Majid golparvar ALi bagherizadehOne of the most important of them has been formed in Yemen. This research tries to answer the question of the identity-seeking confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the transformation of the regional security policies of the two countries by applying the constr MoreOne of the most important of them has been formed in Yemen. This research tries to answer the question of the identity-seeking confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the transformation of the regional security policies of the two countries by applying the constructivist theoretical framework and using the descriptive-analytical method. And what consequences has it had in the developments in Yemen? The hypothesis of the research shows that the regional security policies of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, affected by the identity-seeking confrontation of the two countries, have moved in the opposite direction during the past decade and have caused and intensified conflicts in the region. Clearly, the identity conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia has led to the intervention and conflict of the two countries in Yemen, so that after nearly a decade since the beginning of the crisis in this country, there is no clear prospect for its solution and management. to be The expansion of Shiism in the Islamic Republic of Iran against the Wahhabism of Saudi Arabia, a different view of the West, and the confrontation and proxy wars in some countries in the region such as Syria and Yemen are among the most important effects of the identity-seeking confrontation of the two countries on politics. The regional issues of the two countries - religious politics, looking towards the West and proxy conflicts in the region - have been. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Constructivism and the Logic of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia Confrontation
Mohammad Reza DehshiriIslamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional and influential powers in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region have always had a tensional and confrontational rivalry towards each other, to the point that we can say that the competition and the divergence c MoreIslamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional and influential powers in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region have always had a tensional and confrontational rivalry towards each other, to the point that we can say that the competition and the divergence constitute a part of their bilateral relations. The ambition of both countries for the leadership of chia world or Sunni world, the huge oil resources and the considerable human sources are considered as their assets which have given them the potentiality to play an active role in the Middle East as well as in the Muslim World. As the activities of these two actors is considered generally as conflictual and computational, we can say that based on the constructivist theory, the absence of common values, norms, rules, identity and perceptions represent the main factors of their rivalry and the non-establishment of a solid relationship between two countries. Manuscript profile
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