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Open Access Article
1 - Climate Signals applied to the prediction of evaporation in west of Iran
Enayatolah Rahmati Majid Montazeri Amir Gandomkar Mehran Lashani ZandEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influ MoreEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influencing rate of evaporation, which are climatic signals according to their role in predicting enables evaporation. Evaporation prediction was performed using artificial neural network model based on climatic signals. the data of evaporation at three synoptic stations and the most important climate signals whit at least 20 years of monthly analysis using NeuroSolution software. The results show that the most Important signals affecting the evaporation areas include; Nina3, Nina1, Sw monsoon, Mei and Nina4.Comparison of observed data with a high correlation between the ANN output data shows. So that the correlation of the Kermanshah station is 71%, Hamedan 82% and Sanandaj 80%.The output data of the neural network and climatic signals, can accurately predict the top 97% of the areas evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Collective Management of Wells and its Challenges in Soltanieh
پریسا نجفلو jafar yaghoubi jaefar nikbahkhtThe purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this stud MoreThe purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this study was collected by using semi-structured interviews with a sample of activists in the collective management of wells in Soltanieh County. Content analysis of interviews showed 57 open coding and 20 subcategoris in connection with challenges of participatory management of wells. Finally, two thematic categories were identified including procedural challenges and outcomes. The procedural challenges are the five axes of social barriers, knowledge and attitude weakness, financial barriers, reduced water reserves and weaknesses in government implementation. These challenges also have negative consequences for agriculture and the rural community. These are unwilling to equipping the farm with pressurized irrigation, willingness to dig an illegal well and doing office work with bribes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Analyzing Wheat Farmers’ Behavior Regarding Water Management in the Orzuiyeh County based on the Theory of Social Cognition
Leyla Sharafipoor Mostafa AhmadvandThe present study was conducted to analyze wheat farmers’ behavior regarding water use and conservation in the Orzuiyeh County based on the theory of Social Cognition. The statistical population of the research was 1350 wheat farmers in the central district of the MoreThe present study was conducted to analyze wheat farmers’ behavior regarding water use and conservation in the Orzuiyeh County based on the theory of Social Cognition. The statistical population of the research was 1350 wheat farmers in the central district of the Orzuiyeh County that 135 of them were selected by using Bartlett et al. table of sample size. They were randomly selected. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on social cognition theory whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of academic and performance experts. The reliability was also determined by conducting a study and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.58-0.86). The results of correlation analysis of the study variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all the constructs of the theory (social structure factors, expectation of outcome, understanding of others behavior, self-efficacy and behavioral intention) and farmers' water management behavior. The results of multiple regression showed that the constructs of the theory predict a total of 36% of the variations of the management behavior of wheat farmers. In addition, the variables of understanding the behavior of others, self-efficacy and behavioral intention had significant influence on wheat farmers’ behavior of water use in the county. At the end, implications of the study for changing farmers’ behavior of water use are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the basil production functions under the conditions of simultaneous water stress and salinity
Mahshad Sadaat Farahbakhsh Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein BabazadehThe lack of water and soil resources and their salinity are important points in the agricultural sector. Investigating the interactions between salinity and irrigation on plant yields is important in order to improve soil management and water use in arid and semi-arid r MoreThe lack of water and soil resources and their salinity are important points in the agricultural sector. Investigating the interactions between salinity and irrigation on plant yields is important in order to improve soil management and water use in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study and evaluate the production functions of Basilicum L. in Mazandaran mass cultivar under simultaneous stress conditions of water and salinity. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on a hectare research site in the Dushantepheh research center of Tehran. In this study, we used microplate weight-drainage to determine the rate of evaporation-transpiration of basil plant. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four irrigation treatments including complete irrigation (FI), irrigation with 40 (DI40%), 60 (DI60%) and 80 (DI80%) water requirements of the plant and three subsoil treatments Irrigation water with a conductivity of 175/1 (S1), 3 (S2) and 5 dS / m (S3) for two consecutive years of 1395 and 1396 was carried out. The results showed that the basal plant yield reduction was 3.1 dS / m for irrigation water salinity and 10% for grazing line slope. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Recognition and challenges of water use management in peanut plant (review study)
Ali Abdzad GohariAgriculture is the main and most important source of food supply in the world; therefore, it is an important role in creating a balance in the food, social and even political security of the countries of the world. One of the most effective solutions to deal with the wa MoreAgriculture is the main and most important source of food supply in the world; therefore, it is an important role in creating a balance in the food, social and even political security of the countries of the world. One of the most effective solutions to deal with the water crisis and increase the quantity and quality of production in the agricultural sector is to pay serious attention to the productivity of agricultural water and improve it by applying wise and efficient methods and policies. Improving water productivity requires a smart management that identifies the tools and methods well and selects the best ones according to the conditions and provides the necessary efforts in their use. Irrigation management with the approach of appropriate use of water resources can help to increase the area under cultivation and optimal consumption as a type of water management in the field. In Iran, pulses are a significant role in providing energy to the people of the society, and it has been tried to increase the water use productivity in proportion to the production and self-sufficiency of the country. Determining and analyzing the indicators and capacities of water productivity can be a suitable solution for making the right policies for the production of peanut in order to achieve maximum profit, sustainable development, production and employment security and export and currency earning considering its high potential. But in the meantime, it is not possible to be satisfied only with the water use productivity in order to determine the consumption. The current research is about the relationship between the amount of water consumed and the yield of the crop, the effect of deficit irrigation on the yield and the effect of different irrigation methods and the water use productivity in peanut, the harvest index in the conditions of full irrigation and water stress as well as the importance of different irrigation managements in the time of water shortage in peanut is presented in a complete manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Combination of MCDM and GIS for study of the gypsum mineral mines spatial distribution with emphasis on environmental considerations (Case Study: Hablehrud catchment-Semnan province (
Mohammad Reza Delghandi Mir Masood Kheirkhah ZarkeshIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains MoreIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains intact, but the reduction of pollution and its harmful effects using high technology can ensure the health, growth and excellence of present and future life on Earth. Multi-criteria decision-making System (MCDM) has been used to improve decision-making and management process. The spatial information systems are suitable for spatial data analysis. Also, Geographic information systems have been used to properly determine suitable areas for industrial and mining activities and its impacts assessment on the environment. In this study, using ecological, economic and social criteria and their integration with MCDM and GIS, the study area based on its sensitivity to mining activities were mapped. Also Environmental considerations consists of impact of mining activities on the urban settlements, rural settlements, surface water, groundwater, wildlife habitat, agriculture, tourism and vegetation were analyzed. Based on zoning map of the sensitivity of the active area of the mineral gypsum, range, interference within the mining and production zones were identified. The results showed that 15% of the mineral sector with a range of prohibited activities, 6% in the zone of extreme sensitivity, 11% in the zone of high sensitivity, and 58% moderate and 10% is located in the zone of low sensitivity. Which implies the fact that 26 of the total 52 mining operations across the range of prohibited activities that should be stopped. It has been elaborated that the priority for planning must be related to the management of this moderate sensitive zone. The survey also shown that two criteria consists of the agriculture area and surface water had the most interaction with the unsafe mineral activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the economic value of water in environmental, agricultural and industrial uses (Case Study: Urmia Lake Watershed)
Sayed Morteza Mousavi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Talachi LangeroudiBackground and Purpose: Today, social, economic and environmental capital are measured as the main components of development simultaneously. Lack of comprehensiveness of programs creates various problems and issues, especially from environmental aspects after implementa MoreBackground and Purpose: Today, social, economic and environmental capital are measured as the main components of development simultaneously. Lack of comprehensiveness of programs creates various problems and issues, especially from environmental aspects after implementation. Degradation of environmental conditions will have negative effects and damage even on economic and social values in the region and its affected area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the economic value of water in environmental, agricultural and industrial uses in the catchment area of Lake Urmia. Material and Methodology: Optimal allocation of production inputs at the macro level of decision-making is one of the requirements for achieving productivity growth. On the other hand, optimal allocation also requires an efficient market to explain the economic values of production entities. In this study, due to the limitation of water resources, in response to water demands for the use of different competitors using the United Nations Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA[1]) guidelines, it has been attempted to use the information available in Evaluation of the economic value (production value) of water in the Urmia Lake watershed in order to reflect the economic value of ecosystem services in decision making and water sharing appropriately. Results: According to estimates, the economic value of water in agriculture is 6045, in industrial use is 33342 and in environment is 24235 Rail’s per cubic meter. Consequently, compliance with the principles of sustainability and economic values of water dictates that even if water demand in the agricultural sector is uncontrolled by rising water prices, it will meet the environmental needs as a consumer. Prioritize water of higher economic value and its direct and indirect benefits. In the next 30 years, water demand in developing countries will increase as well as in developed countries. According to the International Panel on Climate Change, climate change will increase the pressure for water availability and exacerbate various forms of water pollution, affecting ecosystems, human health and the reliability of water systems in large parts of the world. Discussion and Conclusion: In the present study, based on economic principles and environmental economics and using the available information on water consumption in agriculture, industry and environment and macroeconomic accounts to assess the economic value (value Production of water in the catchment area of Lake Urmia). Therefore, according to the results, it is expected that with the establishment of the water market or at least in terms of economic value of ecosystem services, water allocated to the environmental needs of Lake Urmia will be supplied and specific water for industrial use will increase and at the same time capital Payments to use the revenue-generating potentials of Lake Urmia and related and appropriate industries should be given special attention. Utilization of water resources by these calculations is neither economical nor sustainable, a livelihood that is supposed to cause desertification and soil erosion or (globally) increase greenhouse gas emissions and cannot be considered stable. In this regard, due to the unsustainable use of water resources in the catchment area of Lake Urmia, to change the existing method and reduce farmers' dependence on water resources, the governance system can implement appropriate employment strategies, while supporting the response to Alternative needs and livelihoods for farmers by strengthening the implementation of the protection policy of Lake Urmia, especially by enforcing the law on harvesting water resources and establishing a system for measuring, regulating and controlling authorized withdrawals and establishing cooperatives of farmers. The exploitation of the lake in exchange for changing the existing agricultural pattern to a pattern with less water requirement or even modifying agricultural tributaries and allocating it to Lake Urmia to such farmers are granted. It is very important that it is necessary to consider people-centeredness and naturalism at the same time, and all decisions and executive actions to reduce water consumption, with the participation of existing recipients and with the cohesion, cooperation and joint action of all trustees and stakeholders. 4- System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analyzing the Effects of Water Management policies on Reducing Water Scarcity in Kerman Province
Elham Azizabadi Hojat Mahkoeui امیر گندمکارWater is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in th MoreWater is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in the field of water management are not adopted, the water shortage crisis will face local and national security with fundamental challenges. Kerman, as one of the central provinces of Iran, has been raised with the issue of water scarcity and water security. The main goal of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province. The research method used is descriptive-analytical, with library resources and internet sites, to the main question, what are the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province? answers. The results obtained from the research findings show that policies such as transferring water between basins (Beheshtabad and Safaroud) are not very suitable, but management models such as economic efficiency, virtual water, etc. are more effective, and the use of virtual water Among these models, it can be the best solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - تعیین میزان بهرهوری آب در زراعت کلزا در استان لرستان
بهمن فریدونی مریم قربانی یداله یوسفی فردکمبود آب به عنوان فاکتوری محدودکننده رشد و توسعه­ی پوشش گیاهی برای مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک به عنوان یک محدودیت ذاتی برای این اقلیم­ها به شمار می­آید. با توجه به خشکسالی­های متعدد در دو دهه اخیر در استان لرستان و همچنین مصرف بیش از حد آب در بخش کشاورزی باعث Moreکمبود آب به عنوان فاکتوری محدودکننده رشد و توسعه­ی پوشش گیاهی برای مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک به عنوان یک محدودیت ذاتی برای این اقلیم­ها به شمار می­آید. با توجه به خشکسالی­های متعدد در دو دهه اخیر در استان لرستان و همچنین مصرف بیش از حد آب در بخش کشاورزی باعث شد که مسئله بهره­وری آب در بخش کشاورزی در این استان مهم و نیازمند بررسی­های متعددی باشد. منابع آب در دنیا دارای محدودیت بوده و به علت افزایش جمعیت و تقاضای غذا، مصرف آب برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی نیز افزایش خواهد داشت. از طرفی با توجه به تجارت آب مجازی که به عنوان راهکاری نوین به منظور مقابله با کم آبی مطرح است، تولید محصولاتی که با نیاز آبی زیاد تولید می­شوند، در مناطقی که با بحران آب مواجه هستند معقول به نظر نمی­رسد. یکی از راهکارها برای بالا بردن کارآیی مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی بالا بردن بهره­وری فیزیکی محصولات زراعی می­باشد. به همین علت تحقیقی در سال زراعی 96- 95 در شهرستان­های خرم آباد، دوره چگنی و کوهدشت برای بررسی میزان بهره­وری فیریکی آب و حجم آب مصرفی در کشت کلزا انجام گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که میانگین نرخ بهره­وری فیزیکی آب در شرایط مدیریتی بهره­برداران تحت پوشش پروژه، برای محصول کلزا برابراست با حداقل 5/0 و حداکثر 67/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و میانگین 613/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و میانگین حجم آب مصرفی در طول فصل رشد آن در شهرستان­های خرم آباد، دوره چگنی و کوهدشت به ترتیب برابر است با 3588 و 2971 و 3428متر مکعب در هکتار می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - بررسی رژیم آبی جریان ورودی به تالاب بامدژ به منظور تدوین الگوی مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار
معصومه کمالی کاظم حمادی فروزان فرخیاندر سال­های اخیر توسعه طرح­های منابع آب و کشاورزی، توسعه جوامع انسانی، پدیده تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بیشترین اثرات محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی را در کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی صنعتی بجا گذاشته است. تالاب بامدژ با وسعتی حدود 4000 هکتار در جنوب غرب خوزستان واقع شده Moreدر سال­های اخیر توسعه طرح­های منابع آب و کشاورزی، توسعه جوامع انسانی، پدیده تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بیشترین اثرات محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی را در کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی صنعتی بجا گذاشته است. تالاب بامدژ با وسعتی حدود 4000 هکتار در جنوب غرب خوزستان واقع شده که از رودخانه شاوور تغذیه می­شود. به نظر می­رسد مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار تالاب بستگی به شناخت عوامل محیطی شامل پارامترهای دخیل در تکوین جریان حوضه ی آبریز مشرف به آن دارد. این تالاب به همراه رودخانه شاوور میدان تحقیق حاضر را تشکیل میدهند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رژیم کمی و کیفی جریان آب ورودی به تالاب بامدژ و ارائه یک الگوی مناسب مصرف آب به منظور بهبود مدیریت محیط زیست تالاب صورت گرفته است. در تحلیل مقدماتی به نظر رسید که سری سالانه جریان ورودی به تالاب از دو سری نمونه مجزا شکل گرفته است. در ادامه کار سری اولیه داده­ها و دو سری نمونه به طور جداگانه تحلیل شده­اند. جهت تحلیل آماری و نشان دادن تمایز دو سری نمونه از یکدیگر از نرم­افزار آماری SPSS بهره­گرفته شد. به تبع سری سالانه جریان، مقادیرکیفیت آن نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته و به عبارتی برای پارامترهای کیفی همچون EC،TDS، مجموع کاتیون­ها، مجموع آنیون­ها وpH دو سری مجزا مطابق رژیم جریان و یک سری کلی استخراج و مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. که اکثر نتایج نشانگر اختلاف معنی دار دو سری آماری بودند. بر این اساس یک الگوی مدیریتی محیط زیست تالاب با تاکید بر کمیت و کیفیت جریان ورودی به تالاب ارائه شد. این پارامترها شامل آبدهی قابل برنامه ریزی معادل 600 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز شرب 3 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز صنعت 7 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز آبزی پروری 25 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز کشاورزی 500 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز زیست محیطی هیدرولوژیکی 142 میلیون مترمکعب می­باشد. رعایت الگوی فوق ضمن تامین نیازهای بالا دست مانند کشاورزی و آبزی پروری، نیازهای زیست محیطی تالاب را تامین کرده و موجب پایداری سیستم تالاب می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) Framework Codification in Architectural and Urban Design: The Case of Hashtgerd Young City Project
milad mohammadkhani Mohammad Reza Masnavi Mohammad Taghi Rezaei Hariri Mahta Mirmoghtadaee -
Open Access Article
12 - applications and challenges of internet of things in civil engineering( water and hydraulic structure)
Behreza NoormandThe Internet of Things is a new model known as the Internet of the Future, and its main idea is to connect things to the Internet, which was first proposed by Mark Weiser and introduced by Kevin Ashton. The Internet of Things is a term used to describe a world in which MoreThe Internet of Things is a new model known as the Internet of the Future, and its main idea is to connect things to the Internet, which was first proposed by Mark Weiser and introduced by Kevin Ashton. The Internet of Things is a term used to describe a world in which objects can They will be able to interact with other objects by connecting to the Internet or with the help of communication tools and share their information with each other or with humans and provide a new class of capabilities and applications. One of the important goals of the Internet of Things is to make management smarter and improve quality. the Internet of Things and its applications can play a central role in the intelligent management of water, which will ultimately lead to the creation of added value. In this review, an overview of internal researches and experiences in the field of using Internet of Things technology in civil engineering (water and hydraulic structures) such as urban runoff management, flood forecasting and warning, evaporation and transpiration, dam safety, water and sewage industry, smart irrigation, Management of water resource consumption, hydrology (quantitative and qualitative management) of surface and underground water has been done. Since the Internet of Things in civil engineering is one of the newest solutions in providing the possibility of data mining and information processing for the development and improvement of the quality of civil infrastructures, it will be faced with the challenges of its use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - یک مدل تصادفی برای مدیریت منابع آب
سلیم باوندی هادی ناصریمدیریت آب آبیاری محصولات کشاورزی و امنیت امرار معاش در بسیاری از مناطق و کشورها در سراسر جهان بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در طول دهه گذشته، مسایل مربوط به تخصیص بحث بر انگیز و مملو از تضاد منابع آب میان منافع شهری، صنعتی و کشاورزی منجر به افزایش نگرانی ها شده است. به ویژه جمع Moreمدیریت آب آبیاری محصولات کشاورزی و امنیت امرار معاش در بسیاری از مناطق و کشورها در سراسر جهان بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در طول دهه گذشته، مسایل مربوط به تخصیص بحث بر انگیز و مملو از تضاد منابع آب میان منافع شهری، صنعتی و کشاورزی منجر به افزایش نگرانی ها شده است. به ویژه جمعیت رو به رشد شرایط طبیعی مختلف و کمبود امکانات آب، این رقابت را تشدید کرده است. کمبود آب می تواند متیجه کاهش منابع آب باشد، در حالی که جمعیت رو به رشد می تواند منجر به افزایش تقاضای آب شود، این دو واقعیت می تواند کمبود آب را بیشتر کند. در این مقاله از برنامه ریزی تصادفی برای یک مساله سرمایه گذاری در منابع آب استفاده شده است. همچنین یک چارچوب کلی برای ارزیابی تولید برق و تامین آب برای آبیاری کشاورزی ارائه شده است. این ارزیابی به کمک ایجاد یک مدل بهینه سازی تصادفی مناسب انجام شده است. یک الگوریتم حدقل مربعات در مدل گنجانده شده است که مارا در تخمین دقیق تر پارامترهای مدل یاری می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Ranking of precast concrete railway bridges with water management criteria by TOPSIS method
Hossein Farshad Nader Abdoli Yazdi Ehsanollah EshtehardianWater management in rail transport as one of the important and effective parameters plays a major role in increasing the life span of rail structures and subsequently in the economic, industrial and social fields of countries. In this research, it has been tried accordi MoreWater management in rail transport as one of the important and effective parameters plays a major role in increasing the life span of rail structures and subsequently in the economic, industrial and social fields of countries. In this research, it has been tried according to similar experiences from past studies in this field and gathering the opinions of experts in the country, extensive field studies, the use of inspection checklists, statistical information and with the correct understanding of the failures related to water management in concrete bridges and Finally, with the TOPSIS method, according to water engineering standards in bridge maintenance and repairs, it is possible to rank the prefabricated concrete bridges of the General Directorate of Northern Railways of Iran based on water management standards. The results of this research will help employers and managers in charge to be able to properly manage bridges in water engineering, considering the available capital and limited resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analyzing the meanings and indicators of Water Sensitive Cities Index
keramatollah ziari fatemeh razzaghi atefeh Dehghan Touran Poshti, Abbasali Tayefi NasrabadiGlobal warming is one of the major problems in the world today and climate change,communities are trying to reduce the increasing pressure of risks and its consequences and move towards sustainability and resilience,especially in conditions of uncertainty in metropolita MoreGlobal warming is one of the major problems in the world today and climate change,communities are trying to reduce the increasing pressure of risks and its consequences and move towards sustainability and resilience,especially in conditions of uncertainty in metropolitan resources.The pressure of this increase has created an unprecedented challenge in water management, especially in access to water resources, sewage filters and recycling technologies.In this regard,looking at the current situation and identifying obstacles,developing appropriate strategies to improve the situation;Water-sensitive cities are known as new models of sustainable urban water management in order to minimize the hydrological effects of urban development on the environment,so in the present study, the aim is to take a descriptive-analytical look from the perspective of experts in this field.Investigate the characteristics of a water-sensitive city and its impact on evaluating and improving urban water management practices based on the concepts of sustainability,livability,resilience and productivity.For this purpose,35questionnaires were designed based on the scale Likert and distributed among urban and water experts,and the data were analyzed in the form of written tables using the software.The results indicate that the indicators support sustainable and resilient planning and improve and enhance the results over time and evaluate the consequences as well as urban water management paths to achieve water-sensitive goals.It also provides an understanding of the current state of the city in terms of water-sensitive city indicators to identify capacities and constraints and provide monitoring to achieve the goals of future development strategies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Analyzing the meanings and indicators of Water Sensitive Cities Index
Keramatollah Ziari Fatemeh razaghi Atefeh Dehghan Abbasali Tayefi Nasrabadidue to importance of global warming and climate change, communities are trying to reduce the increasing pressure of risks and their consequences and move towards sustainability and resilience, especially in conditions of uncertainty in urban water resources. The increas Moredue to importance of global warming and climate change, communities are trying to reduce the increasing pressure of risks and their consequences and move towards sustainability and resilience, especially in conditions of uncertainty in urban water resources. The increase in the population of fame and the pressure of this increase has created an unprecedented challenge in water management, especially in access to water resources, wastewater treatment and recycling technologies. In this regard, a look at the current situation and the identification of obstacles, the development of appropriate strategies to improve the situation; Water-sensitive cities are known as new models of sustainable urban water management in order to minimize the hydrological effects of urban development on the environment, which in urban development and reconstruction processes can help achieve the goals of improving the quality of urban life and livability of cities. Although there may be different contexts and challenges in developed and developing countries, understanding the current state of the city in terms of water-sensitive city characteristics to identify capacities and constraints is the first step in planning the transition process to achieve development goals and strategies. This article introduces the indicators of water-sensitive city and its effect on the evaluation and improvement of urban water management practices, which has been done by reviewing the literature and based on a qualitative method of content analysis and searching for resources and classifying them based on research keywords. And examines the characteristics of a water-sensitive city. According to the leading article, it can be concluded that the indicators support strategic planning and decision-making, improve and strengthen the results over time, and evaluate the consequences and ways of urban water management compared to other cities., Governance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Stream Flow Prediction in Flood Plain by Using Artificial Neural Network (Case Study: Sepidroud Watershed)
A.R Mardookhpour -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluating the Effects of Deficit Irrigation Strategies on Potato (Solanumtuberosum L.) Yield, Tuber Quality and Water use Efficiency
BIJAN HAGHIGHATI - BOROUJENI -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Interaction and Water Management on Weeds and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Ehsan olah jalili Farnaz Ganjabadi Mir saeid Valiahdi Morteza GhavamiThis experiment was conducted in Karaj in 2017 and split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The experimental treatments included irrigation management at three levels: irrigation with surface brush, sub surface (15 cm depth), and atmospheric MoreThis experiment was conducted in Karaj in 2017 and split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The experimental treatments included irrigation management at three levels: irrigation with surface brush, sub surface (15 cm depth), and atmospheric and backyard in the main plot and irrigation management at three levels: 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from the pan in sub plots And application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in three levels: zero (control), 2 and 4 mg / lit in sub-sub plots. The results of this study indicated that divergence method (sub surface type) can be used to optimize the use of water resources to reduce irrigation losses and achieve high yield in corn production. Application of irrigation management of subsurface ribbon barrels along with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of four milligrams per liter in corn fields reduced 85 percent of weeds. As a result, corn and weed competition reduced tissue texture and allocated photosynthetic sources to seed more than stems and corn leaves. Also, the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and corn yields. The highest yield in this treatment was obtained at 10450 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of interaction of Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles and water management on weeds, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.)
E. Jalili F. Gangabadi M. S. Valiahdi M. Ghavami,This experiment was conducted in Karaj as split plot in a RCBD with 3 replications in 2017. The experimental treatments included irrigation management at three levels: irrigation with surface brush, sub surface (15 cm depth), and atmospheric and backyard in the main plo MoreThis experiment was conducted in Karaj as split plot in a RCBD with 3 replications in 2017. The experimental treatments included irrigation management at three levels: irrigation with surface brush, sub surface (15 cm depth), and atmospheric and backyard in the main plot and irrigation management at three levels: 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from the pan in subplots and application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in three levels: zero (control), 2 and 4 mg/lit in sub-sub plots. The results of this study indicated that divergence method (sub surface type) can be used to optimize the use of water resources to reduce irrigation losses and achieve high yield in corn production. Application of irrigation management of subsurface ribbon barrels along with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of four milligrams per liter in corn fields reduced 85% of weeds. Result showded that corn and weed competition reduced tissue texture and allocated photosynthetic sources to seed more than stems and corn leaves. Also, the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and corn yields. The highest yield in this treatment was obtained at 10450 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile
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