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Open Access Article
1 - The Assessment of Role of Orientation, Type of Materials and Facade Construction Details on the Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Tehran
amin alah ahadiIn this research, focusing on the East, West and South regions of Tehran, the cooling and heating load in residential buildings in different geographical directions has been compared, and concerning the building façade material and construction details, optimal c MoreIn this research, focusing on the East, West and South regions of Tehran, the cooling and heating load in residential buildings in different geographical directions has been compared, and concerning the building façade material and construction details, optimal choices have been proposed. This study answers these questions, which of the typical façade materials and construction detail in Tehran city have the best performance in reducing the energy consumption of residential buildings, and what is the effect of facade direction on heating and cooling energy consumption of residential buildings. For this purpose, the simulation tool has been utilized using Energy plus software with a design-builder interface for thermal analysis. The results of this study show that the heating load of residential buildings in Tehran is higher than the cooling load in the western and northern units and the cooling load of the building is higher than the heating load in the southern and eastern units. In this regard, the heating load in the west facing units is 8%, and in the north units, it is 15 to 26% more than the cooling load. In south-facing units, the heating load of the building is 11 to 30%, and in east-facing units, the heating load of the building is up to 20% less than the cooling load. Comparison of heating load in southern, northern, eastern and western units shows that the best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce the heating load of the building are respectively south-facing, east-facing (19 to 22% more than the southern unit), west-facing (20 to 25% more than southern units) and north-facing (30 to 40% more than southern units). The best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce the cooling load of the building are the units facing south, north (0.5 to 7.5% more than the southern unit), west (6.5 to 7% more than the southern unit) and east (10.5 more than the southern unit) respectively. Regarding total cooling and heating load, the best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce energy consumption are respectively south and then east facing units (about 16% more than southern units), west (15 to 17% more than southern units) and north (18 to 20% more in different views than southern units). The priorities of selection of facade materials and construction details in southern facades are brick facades with dry connection method, concrete panels with dry connection method and stone facades with dry connection method. In north-facing units, this arrangement includes a brick facade with a dry connection method, concrete panels with a dry connection method and stone facades with a dry connection method. In the west facing units, concrete panels with dry connection method, brick facades with dry connection method, and stone facades with dry connection method are the best. In the east facing units, brick facades with dry connection method, stone facades with dry connection method, ceramic facades with dry connection method and concrete panels with dry connection method have better performance in reducing the energy consumption of the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Comparative Study of Façade Samples in Residential Buildings of Tehran by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Mohammad-Hosein Shirazian Seyed-Bagher Hosseini Saeid Norouzian-MalekiNowadays, there is a rapid growth in residential construction in Tehran. Part of the growth is related to providing housing for citizen and reconstruction of old urban fabrics. Yet many difficulties and barriers may arise in the future due to the relative paucity of tec MoreNowadays, there is a rapid growth in residential construction in Tehran. Part of the growth is related to providing housing for citizen and reconstruction of old urban fabrics. Yet many difficulties and barriers may arise in the future due to the relative paucity of technical standards. The façade skin is considered as one of the most effective ways in aesthetic elements of the urban landscape. The facade plays a vital role in the distinction between interior and exterior spaces. Additionally, it is one of the most vulnerable elements of structures, when they are subjected to earthquakes. Tehran is placed in the one of the world’s most active seismic belts and has sustained repeated considerabledamages due to high magnitude earthquake activitieshappening in some 150 year cycle. Already 182 years have passed since the last one in 1830. It is feared that a major earthquake in Tehran, a megalopolis of over 8 million inhabitants, situated on among active faults, could well lead to substantial loss of life at some 380,000 in the worst case scenario and considerable financial damages particularly due to rapid urbanization started in the 1950s.The main objective of this research is to determine the most appropriate facade system for residential buildings in Tehran. Two types of double-skin facades (twin wall or incorporated shuttering wall and lightweight 3D sandwich panel) and single-skin facades (insulating concrete form and fiber cement board facade) have been selected based on the available studies of facade systems. Data was gathered through Delphi technique.The Delphi technique is an approach used to gain consensus among a panel of experts. This is normally achieved through a series of rounds where information is fed back to panel members using questionnaires.Fourcriteria were selected in the research. Thesecriteria are as follows: earthquake resistance, cost and speed of performance, heat insulation and architectural aesthetics. Weights of them were analyzed by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and the systems are compared. An AHP hierarchy is a structured means of modeling the decision at hand. It consists of an overall goal, a group of options or alternatives for reaching the goal, and a group of factors or criteria that relate the alternatives to the goal.Sincepairwisecomparisons are the keystone of these decision-making processes, correctly quantifying them is the most decisivestep inmulti-criteria decision-making methods which use qualitative data. Pairwise comparisons are quantified by using a scale. Such a scale is an one–to-one mapping between the set of discrete linguistic choices available to the decision maker and a discrete set of numbers which indicate the importance, or weightof the previous linguistic choices.In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are calculated for each of the decision alternatives. These numbers represent the alternatives’ relative ability to attain the decision goal, so they allow a straightforward consideration of the various courses of action.Accordingly, lightweight 3D sandwich panel is suggested as the most appropriate for residential buildings in the earthquakeprone areas of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Aesthetical Perception of Residences in the North and South of the City regarding Residential Building Facades
Reza Jafariha Media Daneshkar Arasteh Bahareh Pourali MohammadMehdi Moulaii -
Open Access Article
4 - An analysis of key factors in the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in the Qajar period of Tabriz
Arezou Mirzaei Asadollah shafizadeh Aynour naseri Naserianalyzing the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in Qajar houses in Tabriz. The method used in the present study is descriptive, analytical and exploratory and its approach is documentary and survey. In the present study, in order to analyze the data, Moreanalyzing the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in Qajar houses in Tabriz. The method used in the present study is descriptive, analytical and exploratory and its approach is documentary and survey. In the present study, in order to analyze the data, the method of structural studies in the form of Mick Mac software has been used to identify the key factors of the system. In this regard, 50 experts in the field of architecture of historical monuments and cultural heritage were used to weigh the indicators. Based on the results, 10 factors of architectural creativity, the presence of visual richness in the building facade, unity of elements, visual proportions of the facade, balance-rhythm-similarity-symmetry-homogeneity, the proportion of visual elements, the degree of balance, hierarchy , The degree of attention to visual beauty and the existence of hierarchy between different scales were identified as key factors influencing the system. Also 10 very influential components of the system including psychological perception of beauty, the presence of visual richness in the building facade, the amount of visual attraction, beauty and fit of doors and windows, unity and harmony, fit and continuity of the building, the fit of architecture in the facade Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Mental Image Model in Evaluating the Spaces of High-Rise Residential Buildings
parya Shafipouryourdshahi Mostafa Kiani Manoochehr MoazzemiIntroduction and purpose: Nowadays, due to the increase in population in Iran, high-rise residential buildings are expanding and it brings the dissatisfaction of the residents. The mental image of residents of high-rise buildings can affect the residents' feelings about MoreIntroduction and purpose: Nowadays, due to the increase in population in Iran, high-rise residential buildings are expanding and it brings the dissatisfaction of the residents. The mental image of residents of high-rise buildings can affect the residents' feelings about the environment. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose; Because it seeks to present a mental image model in the evaluation of tall residential buildings. Method: In this regard, first, using the descriptive-analytical method, the definition of the concept of residence and its investigation in high-rise residential buildings, as well as the mental image, are discussed. Then, with a quantitative approach and using a questionnaire, it is measured which factors and in what dimensions are effective on the mental image in measuring high-rise residential buildings. The research data collection method is a combination of library studies (theoretical) and field studies and surveys based on questionnaires. Findings: In the first step, the physical and psychological factors affecting the residents' mental image were investigated and identified using exploratory factor analysis. Then, in the second step, recognition of the contribution of the set of factors in explaining the variance of each item (table of commonalities) was done, and finally, in the third step, the total value of explained variance was presented. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the mental image in high-rise buildings needs to be evaluated in two physical and psychological dimensions, and since the residents are more sensitive to their living place than urban spaces, two partial dimensions and general are also added to the evaluation model. Therefore, according to the examination of different models of the mental image, Echner and Ritchie's model with a slight change and removal of the third spectrum is the most consistent with the goals of the mental image in the evaluation of high-rise residential buildings, why in the functional-general dimensions And a partial function is used to examine physical factors, and psychological-general and psychological-partial dimensions are used to examine psychological factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Thrombus Wall System on Thermal Comfort in Temperate and Humid Climates (Case study of a residential building in Gonbad Kavous)
Negin Mirrashid Leila MirsaeedieBackground and objectives: Due to high energy consumption in the building sector in Iran, using strategies such as passive systems in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels seems appropriate. Use of passive systems helps to improve thermal comfort and reduce en MoreBackground and objectives: Due to high energy consumption in the building sector in Iran, using strategies such as passive systems in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels seems appropriate. Use of passive systems helps to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings. Method: In this study the effect of Thrombus wall system on the indoor air temperature and thermal comfort, in both heating and cooling has been investigated in a residential building in Temperate Climate Zone. To do this design Builder software is used for building simulation. Findings: After selecting a building as a hypothetical example located in Gonbad Kavoos, which climatic design principles used in it, simulation in two models, basic model and model with Thrombus wall, was done, and simulation findings were compared. Results: The results of this simulation show that the thrombus wall system can be useful in heating in the desired climate, but it has a lesser role in improving the cooling conditions of the building and more study on energy consumption should be done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study the Neutral Temperature in Multi Story Residential Buildings in Shiraz by Using PMV & AMV Indexes
Hamed Ayali Hadi Keshmiri Khosro MovahedBackground and Objective: As the level of people's expectations and their need to create comfort conditions in different environments becomes more and more noticeable, so the climate and environmental conditions, the inevitable psychological and physical impact on human MoreBackground and Objective: As the level of people's expectations and their need to create comfort conditions in different environments becomes more and more noticeable, so the climate and environmental conditions, the inevitable psychological and physical impact on human comfort conditions have. Therefore, determining the range of thermal comfort for each climatic zone in different forms of construction seems necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify the range of thermal comfort of the interior of multi-story residential buildings using predictive indicators of average views and average real views.In this regard, the forthcoming research will answer the question: What is the neutral temperature in multi-story residential buildings in Shiraz in the hot season?Method: In this research, different research methods have been used according to its various aspects, but the implementation stages of the research were divided into two parts: "data collection and information" and "analysis". Data and information required for this present study, based on experimental and field methods, the two main methods of questionnaire and measurement of variables using environmental measuring devices (Lutron LM-8000A and Extech T30) , Samples were collected from residential units and then the necessary rulings were issued with their analytical, inferential and classification descriptions.Findings: Most people in all studied spaces were feeling warm at ASHRAE scale. The air temperature of the interior spaces and predicted mean vote (PMV) of the comments as well as the actual mean vote (AMV) of the correlation coefficient are incremental and positive.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that outside temperature and neutral temperature have a special relationship in warm months and these results are minor differences with other global studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Design and Implementation an Ubiquitous GIS in Order to Energy Waste Management of Residential Buildings (Case Study: Shahriar -Shahedshahr)
Rasoul Mohammadi Abolghasem Sadeghi Niaraki Shahram baikpourBackground and Objective: Limited energy resources and the need to save on its consumption make energy optimization in the building sector necessary. In this regard, due to the lack of appropriate methods of design and development of new technologies to measure the ener MoreBackground and Objective: Limited energy resources and the need to save on its consumption make energy optimization in the building sector necessary. In this regard, due to the lack of appropriate methods of design and development of new technologies to measure the energy loss of the building is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy dissipation of residential buildings by designing and using a practical example based on a comprehensive spatial information system.Method: A number of sample housing units with almost identical geometric and physical conditions were considered. In order to investigate the energy dissipation, an extensive energy management system was designed and developed, which includes the LM35 heat sensor, GPS sensor, and GSM board. The stages of this research include conceptual design of energy management system, data collection, information processing and preparation of waste maps in GIS environment. Software developed in mobile and computer environments was also used to display thermal information.Findings: To obtain the amount of energy dissipation of the windows of the studied buildings, kave heat transfer coefficient was applied to the measured data and the amount of energy dissipation of each section was calculated. The measurement results showed that the kitchens of the studied residential buildings with the values of 1.406 had the highest amount of loss.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that most of the buildings under study are not optimal in terms of energy standards and energy resources are wasted from them. Also, one of the main sources of energy loss in residential buildings is windows, which have a low efficiency for energy conservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Explanation of the Interaction of Residential Blocks Layout and the Pollution Dispersal Regarding the Natural Airflow (Case Study: Sobhan Residential Complex, Tehran)
TinaSadat Sadrolgharavi Mahnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Fatemeh Mehdizadeh SaradjBackground and Objective: Increasing population and construction of tall buildings have multiplied the presence of environmental pollutants in cities. On the other hand, people use open urban environments more than before to meet their living needs. In this regard, vari MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing population and construction of tall buildings have multiplied the presence of environmental pollutants in cities. On the other hand, people use open urban environments more than before to meet their living needs. In this regard, various factors such as the layout of buildings and the presence of continuous wind currents can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of the layout of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles by recognizing the air flow in Tehran.Method: ­In this research, using descriptive-analytical and comparative methods, using simulation technique using ENVI-met software, wind behavior around the distribution of pollutants has been investigated and analyzed. The method of data collection has been done through library studies and field survey.Findings: ­According to the modeling of the two different types of layout of selected urban block (Sobhan residential complex in Gheytariyeh district, Tehran)with similar building form–one as the existing situation and the other as the proposed model with orderly layout, the findings demonstrate that the layout alternation of residential blocks affects the natural airflow and wind speed between blocks and an improper and non-methodical locating of high-rise buildings causes a change in natural wind pattern and consequently, leads to secondary effects resulted from intensification or stagnation of wind and thus, influences the dispersion of pollutant particles.Discussion and Conclusion: ­ In this research, the obtained results from the two models of buildings layout in the software and the output related to the intensity of wind and the retention level of CO show that the existing situation model is more desirable compared to the proposed layout due to more unified and higher wind speed throughout the site and also proper air circulation between blocks which causes the dispersion of pollution and prevents the retention of pollutant particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Designing an algorithm regarding energy auditing software guideline for residential buildings
Mojtaba Rezaeian Bajgiran Mohsen KahromIntroduction:Implementation of energy auditing in buildings with different applications is one of the issues whichhas been attracted a considerable attention as a way for saving energy and reducing energyconsumption. Auditing in any kind of application, including in res MoreIntroduction:Implementation of energy auditing in buildings with different applications is one of the issues whichhas been attracted a considerable attention as a way for saving energy and reducing energyconsumption. Auditing in any kind of application, including in residential buildings, needs its ownspecific methods. Since the technology employed for energy consumption in buildings is differentamong the countries, to propose a national implementation method it is essential to provide a specificguideline which suits Iran's conditions.Material and Method:Energy auditing has been performed in different industrial and educational institutes during the lastyears and it is not a new concept. Moreover, there are some available guidelines for it. The purpose ofthis paper is to provide a software checklist to enable the users to utilize it step by step in residentialbuildings energy auditing. This checklist also provides some essential recommendations as outputsbased on the data and calculations.Results and Discussion:In fact, the developed software performs calculations for heating, losses, etc. based on the conductedmeasurements and consequently recommends the most suitable method. Furthermore, to ensure itsappropriate performance, the guideline has been applied and tested in a building its energy auditinghas been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analyzing the climatic usage balcony in the residential buildings of Tabriz on the basis of national provisions of building
Hassan Ebrahimi Asl Ramin Kalantar Elnaz Haji ValiliBackground and Objective : According to the equality Terms and conditions of twenty-two national building regulations topics in all cities of Iran and being forced to run them around the country, balcony design course is the same in terms of size and its only appearance MoreBackground and Objective : According to the equality Terms and conditions of twenty-two national building regulations topics in all cities of Iran and being forced to run them around the country, balcony design course is the same in terms of size and its only appearance is different. However, each climate has its own requirements for the design. The aim of this article is study about balcony climate features in residential buildings in Tabriz, according to the national building regulations. Method: This article is based on analytical-descriptive research collecting information based on documents and comparative.At first, by using the canopy depth formula, canopy depth and penetration of sunlight into the buildings in Tabriz are calculated and once again, this process is repeated according to the national building regulations, and finally the results are checked through the two methods. Findings: In the condition of N=0, the difference in penetration of sun in the south side of building, between regulations and optimum condition is 71 cm, and in the condition of N=15, is 59 cm. Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that, balcony with only climate feature and using as a canopy, with depth of 1.2m is more than enough and it is absorbing the sunshine to enter into the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Changes inThermal Conditions of Residential Buildings in the Second Half of Ghajarid Era with Reference to Performance Approach
Ehsan Zamani Aryan Amirkhani Hadis Amanolah Baharvandi Mohammad Reza BemanianThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal condit MoreThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the last 80 years of Ghajarid Era? 2) Do the possible changes of thermal conditions depend on the period in which the buildings are constructed? And is there a correlative connection between the above factors? 3) Does the apparent architectural agitation of the second half of Ghajarid Era affect the thermal conditions of residential constructions as well? Method: In order to achieve the answers, thermal conditions of 60 residential buildings, picked equally from the Kashan, Esfehan and Yazd provinces, were examined. Distribution of the buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era was considered for each province as well. The research method for calculating the thermal conditions of the buildings was the "performance approach". The outputs considering PResults: Results show a meaningful decrease in the amount of the following thermal quantities: (H/A, G, H/H^) in the last 40 years of Ghajarid Era. These results suggest that the thermal condition of residential buildings in the 3rd quarter of Ghajarid Era was worse than the last quarter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analyzing the double skin facade moving in the efficiency of energy consumption in residential buildings sustainability in Tabriz city
Seyed Mehdi Ghoddosifar Mahsa Faramarzi AslBackground and Objective: Double skin facades (DSF) are an interesting and important architectural element in buildings because they are very visually appealing and at the same time can perform better than single skin facades. Double skin facades must be properly MoreBackground and Objective: Double skin facades (DSF) are an interesting and important architectural element in buildings because they are very visually appealing and at the same time can perform better than single skin facades. Double skin facades must be properly designed and implemented, otherwise their potential benefits may be lost. For this reason, the physical processes occurring in a double skin facade must be well understood and predicted. However, they are very dynamic and static. The aim of the current research is to analyze the double skin facade moving in the efficiency of energy consumption in residential buildings in Tabriz city. Material and Methodology: In this research, the analytical descriptive method as well as numerical equations, Design Builder software, Converge and sensitivity analysis were used. Findings: The results showed that for the double skinned facade in cold seasons, by blocking the top and bottom of the double skinned facade, the air trapped between the double skinned facades is functional insulation and energy loss is reduced. Also, in hot seasons, by leaving the top and bottom of the skin open and creating air flow between the double skin, the heat transfer from the building increases and as a result, the temperature inside it decreases. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of numerical solution of computational fluid dynamics equations in Design Builder software showed that using this method in Tabriz city, the annual cooling load is reduced by 45% and the annual heating load is reduced by 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Explaining the Role of the Visual Arts Community in Shaping Contemporary Residential Architecture in the (1) Region; Tehran City (From 2008 to 2018)
Mahdieh Shahparvari Behrouz Mansouri Iraj EtesamExcessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the MoreExcessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the main aim of the present research is to elucidate the role of the display-oriented society in shaping the architecture of residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran (from 2008 to 2018). The research methodology is qualitative-quantitative, and the research strategy is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is conducted through library and field studies. The display of architecture manifested through elements, design types, building facades, decorations, and overall structures, is apparent in the residential buildings of Region 1 in Tehran. This is evident through decorative additions on facades, large and unidirectional windows, lighting types, and color combinations, accompanied by curved forms, and most importantly, high-rise constructions. These factors, together, have transformed the residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran into one of the most affluent areas, significantly elevating property values in this area. The results of the research indicate that contemporary residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran, particularly during the years from 2011 to the present, have adopted a prominent ornamental aspect. Without alignment with Iranian identity and culture, these buildings have transformed these areas, heavily relying on elements such as decorations and modern forms. They are highly consumer-oriented, aligning mainly with the tastes of the client and the architect. Therefore, residential buildings in this area are intensely consumer-oriented and have, to some extent, taken shape solely due to consumerism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Cognition of Iranian Traditional Architecture’s Elements in Award-Winning Projects (Case Study: Memar-Award, 2008 to 2017)
Sama Modirrousta Vida Norouz Borazjani Mahmud Rezaei -
Open Access Article
16 - Urban policy to optimize energy consumption with regard to natural ventilation (Case study: optimal orientation of residential buildings based on the angles included in the detailed plan of Shiraz city)
Tahereh Nasr Arash BostanianIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sus MoreIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sustainable architecture, is the consideration of solar energy in buildings, but a lot of attention to solar energy has unfortunately caused that to some extent other renewable energies such as Wind energy and its significant impact on natural ventilation are passively neglected. Paying attention to this case can be taken into consideration by the officials in order to pay attention to the optimization of energy consumption in urban policy making. One of the effective solutions in this field is the use of natural ventilation in residential buildings, determining a suitable direction for creating blinds and receiving wind with positive pressure and benefiting from this influential climatic element in the interior spaces of the building. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and simulate natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings in Shiraz using Vasari energy simulation software, and parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, wind temperature, and other influencing factors were investigated. and be analyzed. According to the results of the simulation and examination of the twenty-year average of the climatic indicators of Shiraz city, it can be said that if the issues related to natural ventilation and the creation of blinds in the building are considered and the optimal orientation angle can be obtained from solar energy and Also, use wind energy to reduce the load on the building's mechanical facilities throughout the year. that the optimization of energy consumption has been done and in the scale of residential buildings in the metropolis of Shiraz, it can lead to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to a significant extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Potentials of Vernacular Climatic Solutions (VCS) in Energy Efficiency of Domestic Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate: The Case Study of Bushehr, Iran
Amin Mohammadi Mahmoudreza Saghafi Mansoureh Tahbaz Frshad nasrollahi -
Open Access Article
18 - Placing Egress Components and Smoke Shafts in the Core Structure of Residential High-rise Buildings for Emergency Evacuation
Alireza Soltanzadeh Hamed Mazaherian Shahin Heidari Ali Andaji -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of external and internal shading devices on energy consumption and co2 emissions of residential buildings in temperate climate
Samira Razazi Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei Raheleh Rostami -
Open Access Article
20 - Optimization of windows in order to enhance daylight and thermal performance based on genetic algorithm Case study: A residential building with a common plan in Tabriz, Iran
Farhad Ahmadnejad Niloofar Mollayi Fatemeh Mostajer Haghighi Hasti ValiollahPour Reyhaneh Ghadiri -
Open Access Article
21 - Examining the Effect of Daylight in Residential Buildings on Resting-State and Task-Positive Brain Waves Through Quantitative Electroencephalography; A Proof of Concept
Maryam Haghayegh Zahra Barzegar mohammad Nami -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigating the role of criteria in the spatial structure of high-rise residential buildings in Tehran (Case study: High-rise buildings 1991-2020)
Shohreh Khalvati Mozayyan Dehbash Sharif Mohammadreza PourzargarToday, in most metropolises and large cities, the growth and development of high-rise buildings is evident and has left many positive and negative effects. The widespread impact of these buildings on the body and space of today's cities is undeniable, as it has caused h MoreToday, in most metropolises and large cities, the growth and development of high-rise buildings is evident and has left many positive and negative effects. The widespread impact of these buildings on the body and space of today's cities is undeniable, as it has caused high-rise buildings to be reviewed by experts in various fields. High-rise buildings in today's cities have always been one of the most influential aspects of urban landscapes, and the symbolic, aesthetic, identity, and readability aspects of the environment are among the dimensions to be considered in their role in the urban landscape. In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to urban economy. While most decisions in our country for this type of building are made without regard to this. Construction of high-rise buildings, limited to authorized or special areas for high-rise construction in some sub-zones of land use in Tehran and subject to permission in terms of earthquake zoning studies and related rules and regulations and permitted environmental zones whose location and permitted uses: 2000 Detailed plan zoning is specified and refined. The development of cities in the present century to respond to problems such as population growth, public demand for life and work has increased attention to vertical expansion. A high-rise residential complex is a way to respond to the prevailing conditions. These residential complexes have advantages and disadvantages in their structure and many of them have formed their spatial structure based on the existing rules and regulations and the main structure of the spatial structure has been in them. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed. As a result of this research, the criteria have been formed by examining and prioritizing the criteria according to the extent of their factor contribution in the formation of high-rise buildings. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative nesting. In the qualitative stage, the interview was used to collect information and the questionnaire was used in the quantitative stage. The software used is in the quantitative part of JMP and in the qualitative part of ATLASTI. The results show that the most impact belongs to; Criteria for height restriction on the distance between the elements with the amount (1.000), criteria for spatial restriction on the components of the unit with the amount (1.000), criteria for fire extinguishing on the components of the unit with the amount (0.982), criteria of elevator on the texture with the amount ( 1.000), but the least effective include the criteria of height restriction with physical continuity (0.388), the criteria of spatial restriction with texture (0.514), the criteria of elevator on the physical connection with the amount (0.356) and the criteria of fire extinguishing Form with value (0.246), exit criteria with unit components with value (0.401), criteria of physical structure on readability with value (0.213), physical coherence and criteria of energy consumption and saving with physical coherence with value ( 0.388), the criteria for the placement of vehicles with physical differences with the value of (0.255) and the criteria of protrusion on the spatial zoning with the value of (0.262).In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to the urban economy. Impress. Due to the lack of localization and mere emphasis on some aspects of the spatial structure, the rules have caused some parts to remain rigid and inattention to other parts in the design of the spatial structure. In various researches, the effect of different groups of criteria on the elements of spatial structure has not been discussed and analyzed. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Explanation of the components of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of residential buildings of the contemporary period of Iran (a case study of residential buildings of the Pahlavi period)
Alireza Taherian Ahmadreza Keshtkar Ghalati mahmod nikkhah shahmirzaei gholamhosein naseri, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which h More, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which had the role of protecting the privacy of the house, became less. Although at the beginning of the Pahlavi period, residential construction was tried to be close to the Qajar period, but with the arrival of educated architects from outside Iran and the injection of foreign culture into this architecture, these changes reached their peak in the second Pahlavi period. Knowing the factors affecting architecture in different periods has always been one of the most important ways to prevent the fading of authentic architecture with Iranian identity. Knowing these factors and how they affect architecture is an issue that must be taken into account in order to prevent abnormal and incorrect changes in urban spaces, of which the house is the smallest part, in contemporary and future architecture; Because the architecture of every nation is always a picture book of that nation's culture, therefore, it is important to examine the process of changes in plans and spaces and the change of the form and shape of the house as a fundamental part of a city.The purpose of architecture is to create an image within the physical form and architecture is a reflection of human life. The architecture of today and tomorrow cannot be unrelated to the architecture of the past. This is the most important issue of our contemporary architecture; That it is separated from its components and canvas and the place of Iranian architecture in it is not clear. Because in the contemporary architecture of Iran, there is always the concern of creating a connection between the architecture of the past and the present, and giving meaning to what has existed in theory and what has been in practice, and what is interesting and disgusting, is that in recent years, the concept of ancient architecture in the history of Iran, using the phrase " "Traditional architecture" is expressed, which does not imply the concept of the antiquity and value of this architecture. In fact, the concept of traditional architecture brings to mind that it is a type of architecture in Iran that covers a certain period and may have passed its use-by date. In other words, unfortunately, before evoking something precious and valuable, it evokes a color and smell full of oldness and backwardness in the mind. Many factors in the contemporary era cause fundamental changes in Iranian architecture. Examining the criteria of tradition and modernism in residential architecture in Iran is important because it will be more clear in the history of contemporary architecture in Iran. This research aims to investigate the characteristics of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of contemporary Iranian residential architecture in the Pahlavi period, and tries to answer the question of how the characteristics of tradition and modernism have been implemented in the physical structure of residential buildings in the contemporary period, and from the combined research method of nest to The nest is used to achieve this goal; First, the indicators of tradition and modernism are extracted from the concepts, and then the code table is compiled, then interviews are arranged, based on these interviews, the variables used in tradition and modernism in the building are proposed, and then a questionnaire is used for verification. The sample size of the qualitative stage is 46 interviews and 384 people in the quantitative part. The results show that in modernism, the components of honest expression of structural materials in the facade with a value of 0.965, the mute element of architectural elements with a value of 0.856, and the use of rectangular volumes with a value of 0.818 have the highest correlation with other components of modernism. Also, to upgrade a unit of tradition in the space with the user of a unit, one of the characteristics of using brick as the dominant material of the walls and the use of physical elements of traditional architecture with a value of 1.000 can increase the association of tradition in a residential building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the effective spaces on the mental image based on the comparative comparison of Pahlavi era houses and tall residential buildings in Urmia city
parya Shafipouryourdshahi Mostafa Kiani Manoochehr MoazzemiCurrently, the population increase in Iran leads to an increasing number of high-rise residential buildings. Many studies have been done regarding tall buildings, however, living in tall buildings makes the residents dissatisfied. Though numerous factors are effective i MoreCurrently, the population increase in Iran leads to an increasing number of high-rise residential buildings. Many studies have been done regarding tall buildings, however, living in tall buildings makes the residents dissatisfied. Though numerous factors are effective in line with residents' satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings, their feelings and needs are focal points in this regard that can upsurge their satisfaction. Due to the fact that residents’ mental image of high-rise buildings is effective in their feelings in line with the environment, studies done in this regard aim to examine and study the mental image to increase the satisfaction of the residents. These dissatisfactions could be reduced via a perfect mental image in the residents’ minds. Physical and psychological factors are really significant in people’s mental image formation, and regarding this fact, in the present article, physical factors are considered. In terms of purpose, present research is fundamental; because it aims to recognize traditional houses and tall residential buildings and spaces that can be effective in creating mental images. Accordingly, traditional houses and high-rise residential buildings in Urmia are investigated and compared via the descriptive-analytical method, and their spaces are analyzed. In the next step, the present study identifies the spaces that are effective in the mental image of the residents of high-rise residential buildings using a quantitative approach and a questionnaire that is scored based on a Likert scale. A combination of library studies (theoretical) and field studies is used to collect the required research data and in this regard, a questionnaire-based survey with closed questions was used as the desired tool. In the present article, first, numerous traditional houses that belong to the first and second Pahlavi periods (Assadollahzadeh, Neshat, Rezqdeh, Teymurzadeh, and Shafipour houses) in Urmia were visited and observed. They have been compared with the high-rise residential buildings of Urmia (Elahiyeh, Golestan, Pezeshkan, Golshahr, and Valiasr buildings). It is evident that all traditional houses of Urmia city have basements and wooden roofs are seen in most of them. At the beginning of the first Pahlavi Era, the residential and service areas were separated by a large yard. Over time, the houses have been renovated and all the spaces have been assigned to one section. Instead, compared to the first Pahlavi period, the number of warehouses decreased in the second Pahlavi period. The building facade constructed with brick and different designs along with large vertical windows is one of the distinguishing features of these houses. To communicate with family members, inner windows and niches are seen in different places. The trunk is part of the main furniture of these houses. The survey of high-rise residential buildings in Urmia City discloses that every residential and service part are limited to one unit. Conversely, the yard and basement are removed or publicly available to everyone. The spaces connection is evident at low height and the houses are high. Likewise, most of the houses are smaller, and closely connected interior spaces can be seen in the house. The comparison of Pahlavi Era houses and high-rise residential buildings revealed that, over time, factors have been removed or even replaced in the high-rise residential buildings. In line with these changed items, one can mention the removal of the private courtyards, removal of the basement, removal of Iranian and traditional designs, shortening of windows, lack of different spaces such as the rooftop, removal of Iranian architecture, removal of traditional furniture, removal of native and natural materials and the connection of internal spaces using internal windows.Then, in three months, via random sampling method, the questionnaire was given to 384 residents of high-rise residential buildings. In the current study, the statistical population is all the residents of residential buildings above 8 floors, which is about 15,000 people regarding the statistics of Urmia City Housing and Urban Development Department. The sample population is obtained from Morgan's table as 375 people. A total of 297 residents filled out the questionnaire, of which 97 questionnaires were discarded due to incompleteness. Consequently, 200 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire results revealed that large and all-around windows with less OKB independent yards, using local materials, availability of different spaces of the building, and brick façade and traditional furniture can be effective in its mental image. Manuscript profile
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