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Open Access Article
1 - Medical Equipment Replacement Planning Using the SWOT-ANP-WASPAS Hybrid Approach
soheila mazloum vajari Iravan Masoudi Asl Kamran Hajinabi Leila RiahiIntroduction: Medical equipment replacement as one of the major principles of medical equipment management plays a sensitive and vital role in monitoring medical equipment in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring patients. In medical equipment replacement, we are aimed at MoreIntroduction: Medical equipment replacement as one of the major principles of medical equipment management plays a sensitive and vital role in monitoring medical equipment in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring patients. In medical equipment replacement, we are aimed at adopting a policy in which, instead of using the equipment for a long time and with a higher maintenance cost, a suitable program for replacement the equipment is determined. The present study aims to present a decision-making system to facilitate the medical equipment replacement planning. Methods: The present study attempts to provide a solution to the medical equipment replacement program for the first time by providing a SWOT-ANP-WASPAS hybrid approach. In the proposed framework of the research, the SWOT matrix has been used to identify criteria, sub-criteria and strategic alternatives. Subsequently, ANP technique is used to weigh the criteria and sub-criteria. Strategic alternatives have been also weighted using the WASPAS method. Results: The proposed decision-making system attempts to increase the self-confidence of the decision makers and present sufficient supporting evidence in order to provide strategies for medical equipment replacement. This system allows the decision makers to understand the complex communications regarding decision-making better, which will increase the reliability of the corresponding decisions. Conclusion: The proposed hybrid approach can be integrated as a comprehensive decision-making system for medical equipment replacement in health centers and if the implementation of the formulated strategies and the sequence of their implementation is supported by managers, the costs of replacement will decrease and medical equipment technology will develop Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Temporal and spatial components in the implementation of the hudud and approach of the Islamic penal code in suspending its conversion
Abbas Taghnaee atefeh Lorkojuri sasan malek motieeAbstract : Insight and expression of the framework in the Islamic penal system is the formation of the healthy life based on creating a healthy living environment and preventing the occurrence of crime, so that human beings, in order to become familiar with their indivi MoreAbstract : Insight and expression of the framework in the Islamic penal system is the formation of the healthy life based on creating a healthy living environment and preventing the occurrence of crime, so that human beings, in order to become familiar with their individual and social duties: refrain from any deviation. There is a worldly punishment (hudud and punishments). In this article, the role of time end place in the punishments is more noticeable, so that in the main criterion of the punishments, which is less than the hudud. Depending on the requirements, deviation from it can be seen in some cases for special reasons. Time and place play a decisive role in enforcing the hudud, so in the event of a conflict of interest in enforcing the hudud or, more importantly, the limit may be temporarily shut down or enforced to another degree. It is a place in enforcing the hudud and approach of the Islamic penal code in suspending and changing it, findings show that the conversion of prescribed and non-prescribed religious punishments with other conventional punishments by reformist methods is possible in terms of rules and structures within the religion and from a perspective appropriate to the requirements of the time is a historical necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Feasibility study of human resource accounting Case study at institute of international energy studies (iies)
Nasser Mirsepassi Farzaneh Heydarpour Roghyeh EbrahimiAnalysisof human resource accounting feasibility with monetaryappraisal method at research institutions, specially at Institute of International Energy Studies (IIES) is purpose of this research. In other word, analysis of organizational climate readiness for human reso MoreAnalysisof human resource accounting feasibility with monetaryappraisal method at research institutions, specially at Institute of International Energy Studies (IIES) is purpose of this research. In other word, analysis of organizational climate readiness for human resource accounting system installation and diagnosis method of suitable human resource accounting method at IIES is purpose of this research. For this purpose, three method of monetary appraisal include historical cost method, replacement cost method and opportunity cost of loss method be analyzed. In order to diagnosis of organizational readiness for human resource accounting installation, a questionnaire designed and distributed among researchstatisticalpopulation included 40 person of IIES managers and experts. Research hypothesis analyzed with single sample T-Student parametrical test.Research finding show that IIES organizational climate has readiness for human resource accounting system, and also,historical cost model among other method is more possible for installation in there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Estimating the economic value of the preservation and maintenance functions of soil nutrients in Zagros forest ecosystem (case study: Dalab Ilam region)
Farshid Karami abdolali karamshahi amir modaberi ali mahdavi jalal Hanareh KhalyaniIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was che MoreIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was checked using the modified MPSIAC model in the current condition. By developing two scenarios of converting the (current) natural forest with 30 to 50% canopy cover to bare land through scoring the model, the changes in the amount of erosion and sedimentation were estimated. Next, the amount of soil nutrients was determined by soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Then, taking into account the difference in the amount of erosion in the state of natural forest (current) with 30-50% canopy cover and bare land, the amount of each nutrient element in the soil, and the loss of soil nutrients was also calculated. Then, using the replacement cost method, the service value of forest ecosystem soil nutrient maintenance was estimated. The results showed that the studied forest can maintain 2.52 tons of phosphorus, 35.55 tons of potassium, and 251.96 tons of nitrogen per year with an approximate value of 2,275,700 million rials per year and prevent its loss due to erosion. Also, the value of each hectare of forest for this function was estimated at 88.13 million rials. The estimation of the value of this ecosystem service in Zagros forests indicates the very effective role of forest ecosystems in controlling erosion and protecting soil nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Economic valuation of damages to residual trees due to logging operations in Chafroud Forests of Guilan province
Farshad Keivan Behjou Zeynab Pour-GholiThe aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman waters MoreThe aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman watershed- Guilan. After selecting the sample trees, the condition and quality of residual trees after felling and skidding were investigated. The technical data to be converted and then were the economic value (Rials) using opportunity missed and replacement cost methods. The market value of different wooden products was used to measure the value per cubic meter of extracted wood in the Caspian forests of Iran. After that, felling and skidding average cost per cubic meter was subtracted from wood value. The results indicated that selective cutting can damage the residual trees to value of 947385000 Rials (6072981Rials/ha) due to the forest logging operations. Therefore, the current logging operations also need to be accompanied with careful monitoring by operation personnel and investigated the site status after the logging operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Produced Dietary Fiber from Wheat Bran as a Fat Replacer in Mayonnaise
Maryam Aslanzadeh Maryam Mizani Abbas Gerami Mazdak AlimiIntroduction: Mayonnaise is classified as semi-solid oil-in-water emulsion that contains at least 66% fat according to ISIRI. Due to the risks of too much consumption of oils and fats and diseases related to it, people prefer to decrease the amount of fat in their diet. MoreIntroduction: Mayonnaise is classified as semi-solid oil-in-water emulsion that contains at least 66% fat according to ISIRI. Due to the risks of too much consumption of oils and fats and diseases related to it, people prefer to decrease the amount of fat in their diet. In this study the application of modified wheat bran as a fat replacer in low fat mayonnaise was evaluated and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the product was compared with the control sample. Materials and Methods: Mayonnaise samples containing 1, 2 and 3% of dietary fiber with the control (containing starch) were produced. Acidity, pH, viscosity, color measurements, emulsion stability and sensory properties were conducted on all the treatments according to the standard methods.Results: The results showed that after using dietary fiber as a fat replacer in mayonnaise, chemical characteristics such as pH and acidity did not differ significantly as compared to the control. Samples were stable but color created some problems.Conclusion: The results indicated that the mayonnaise sample containing 1% dietary fiber was selected as the best sample as compared to the blank in all the tests performed. The color of low-fat mayonnaise produced was different from the control sample. This might be due to an incomplete function of hydrogen peroxide attributed in vitro. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Modified Starch Based Fat Replacer on Milk Properties
A. Hajibabaei F. Abdolmaleki -
Open Access Article
8 - Effectiveness Evaluation of Bus Fleet Replacement Scenarios to Reduce Karaj Air Pollution
Niki Aghapour Mazaher MoeinaddiniBackground and Objective: Considering the worn-out public transport fleet in Karaj city, it needs to replace the fleet with up-to-date standards. Considering the economic and environmental dimensions, the effectiveness of the measures taken should be evaluated. Therefor MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the worn-out public transport fleet in Karaj city, it needs to replace the fleet with up-to-date standards. Considering the economic and environmental dimensions, the effectiveness of the measures taken should be evaluated. Therefore, achieving the goal of evaluating the change in the emission of pollutants based on each alternative scenario can help the authorities to adopt air pollution reduction strategies. The purpose of designing scenarios in this research is to estimate the effectiveness of scenarios in the field of replacing the fleet of worn-out single buses in reducing the emission of air pollutants. Material and Methodology: First, the classification of buses and units based on parameters such as different systems, year of production, pollution standard, type of fuel consumed and vehicle class have been studied at 1398. Then, scenarios of reducing standard pollutants were designed in two plans, replacing the worn-out fleet with a hybrid fleet, dual-fuel and with fuel consumption, with Euro 4 pollution standard, and finally the scenarios were compared with the basic scenario. Pollution emission coefficients and scenario design were calculated using the International Model of Mobile Vehicle Emission (IVE) model for passages, 1st degree arteries, highways and freeways, with slopes of zero and 22%. Findings: The results of comparing the scenarios showed that by replacing the entire worn-out fleet in terms of age (to the new fleet, scenario four), the maximum reduction in emissions of standard pollutants was 40% (CO, 60% (VOC), 42% (NOX), 86% (Also, the results of the distribution of pollutants in the city of Karaj, with Arc Map software showed that the highest emission of pollutants is related to region 10, and the lowest emission is in region 1, Karaj city. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings, the effectiveness of replacement scenarios of the worn-out fleet (use of hybrid, dual-fuel vehicles with Euro 4 fuel) in reducing the emission of air pollutants has been 40 to 80%. Pollutant reduction scenarios and strategies to increase air quality are useful for policymakers and researchers to better understand the current state of air pollution in the region and are largely operational, requiring timely funding and well-planned planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Stylistic Norm Deviation in Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries
Mohammad Taqi Zand VakiliThe present article studies some norm deviation or stylistic disorder phenomena in one of the great contemporary Iraqi poets Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries. Innovation and creativeness are two concrete phenomena in his works in order to express the internal emo MoreThe present article studies some norm deviation or stylistic disorder phenomena in one of the great contemporary Iraqi poets Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries. Innovation and creativeness are two concrete phenomena in his works in order to express the internal emotions through deviation from familiar and normal symbols. This, is important to making new verbal relationships which would cause excitement for the reader. This study show that the stylistic and structural approach would bring important beauties for the text which helps its context (understanding). Javaheri has expressed his experiments through norm deviation to control the beautiful images of the poetry and encourage the innovation, creation and excellence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of Partial Substitution of Macro Algae Gracilaria pygmaea with Fish Meal on Some Bloodof Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer
Narjes Tangestani Vahid Morshedi Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi Maryam azodi Anahita Farhodi Ebrahim sotoudehInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass MoreInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass (LatescalcariferMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 150 pieces of fish with an average weight of 28 grams perfectly with 3 replications and 3 treatments in the 15, 300-liter fiberglass tanks (10 fish per tank) were distributed. Fish for 40 days with a diet containing 3, 6 and 9 percent macroalgae powder Grasilaria per kg of food and two groups of positive and negative controls (both no algae) were fed. At the end of the experiment the fish Caudal vein collected blood samples and blood parameters were measured.Results: The results of the present study showed that the replacement of macroalgae in the diet of Asian Sea bass on fish blood factors including hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential percentage of white blood cells have no significant effect. But, at the treatment of 3% replacement of macroalgae were observed significant different in levels of white blood cells count, lysozyme and total protein amount (P Conclusion: The results of this study showed that replacement of macroalgae (Gracilaria pygmaeaat level of 3 percent have resulted in significantly increase in the white blood cells and lysozyme than the control group and the amount of total protein at the 3 and 6 percent had a significant increase compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Host plant range of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Badjgah (Shiraz)
Afsaneh Afsharizadeh Bami Kambiz Minaei Mahmood Alichi Faezeh BagheriIdentification of thrips host plants, can be problematic due to the large number of hosts reported for the adults of these insects. Many thrips species are highly dispersive in their behavior and, as a result, adults land on a wide range of plants, on which they ca MoreIdentification of thrips host plants, can be problematic due to the large number of hosts reported for the adults of these insects. Many thrips species are highly dispersive in their behavior and, as a result, adults land on a wide range of plants, on which they cannot breed and may not even be able to feed. Knowledge about the host plants of thrips is important because many polyphagous species cause the transmission of tospoviruses. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are considered as the most important thrips species pests all over the world. In order to determining the host range of western flower thrips as well as onion thrips in Badjgah region (Shiraz, Iran) various plant species were investigatedduring 2015-2016. One or both thrips species were found on 131 plant species. In this study F. occidentalis and T. tabaci have been collected from 74 (in 29 botanical families) and 28 plant species (in 16 botanical families), respectively. The most host plants identified for the western flower thrips were Asteraceae family, followed by the Rosaceae family and for the onion thrips of Asteraceae family. It seems likely that there are a trend to replace onion thrips by western flower thrips during recent years in Badjgah region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido [4, 5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
mohammad kazem mohammadi -
Open Access Article
13 - پتانسیل یابی مناطق مستعد جایگزینی پساب جهت جبران افت سطح منابع آب زیرزمینی
وحید یزدانی محمد سلطانی اصلیکی از راه‎کارهای اصلی مبارزه با کم­آبی، کاربرد زنجیره­ای آب متناسب با تغییر کیفیت آن در بخش­های مختلف مصرف می­باشد که به‎دین ترتیب استفاده مجدد از پساب ضرورتی اجتناب‎ناپذیر است. در این مطالعه پارامترهای کیفیت آب­ زیرزمینی دشت مشهد از نظر Moreیکی از راه‎کارهای اصلی مبارزه با کم­آبی، کاربرد زنجیره­ای آب متناسب با تغییر کیفیت آن در بخش­های مختلف مصرف می­باشد که به‎دین ترتیب استفاده مجدد از پساب ضرورتی اجتناب‎ناپذیر است. در این مطالعه پارامترهای کیفیت آب­ زیرزمینی دشت مشهد از نظر مکانی و زمانی با استفاده از روش­های کریجینگ معمولی و کوکریجینگ نقطه­ای در محیط GIS بررسی شدند. با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسه مراتبی AHP، مناطق مستعد جایگزینی پساب‎های تولیدی تصفیه شده در دشت مشهد مشخص و اولویت‎بندی شد. براساس آمار و استانداردهای مورد استفاده مشخص گردید که ۵/۱۲ درصد از کل آب­های زیرزمینی دشت قابل شرب است. همچنین ۷۰ درصد از کل آب­های زیرزمینی دشت مشهد برای کشاورزی مطلوب تا متوسط است. نتایج AHP نشان داد که با توجه به نظرات کارشناسان و متخصصان آب، افت سطح آب و کیفیت آب زیرزمینی دشت مشهد بیشترین ضریب وزنی و فاصله از تصفیه‎خانه و اختلاف ارتفاع مناطق مختلف نسبت به تصفیه‎خانه (توپوگرافی) کمترین ضریب وزنی را داشتند. مناطقی که بیشترین افت، بهترین کیفیت آب، کمترین فاصله و ارتفاع کم‎تری نسبت به تصفیه‎خانه داشتند، بیشترین ضریب وزنی را داشتند. از آن‎جایی که در روش AHP بیشترین ضریب وزنی مربوط به افت سطح آب و کیفیت آب زیرزمینی بود و همچنین بیشترین میزان این ضریب مربوط به مناطقی بود که بیش‎ترین افت و بهترین کیفیت آبی را دارا بودند، بنابراین به عنوان اولویت اول مناطق جایگزینی پساب تصفیه شده انتخاب شدند. با جایگزینی پساب تصفیه شده با آب چاه­های کشاورزی و خارج نمودن آنها از مدار بهره‎برداری، میزان برداشت از آبخوان کاهش یافته و پتانسیل ذخیره شده آن می‎تواند در آینده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the performance of substitute milk in comparison with cow's milk on the health, growth and blood metabolites of Holstein calves.
Akbar Aliverdilo Hadi Mansouri Khah kazem karimi Saeed VashaniThe aim of this experiment, evaluated effects of the use of milk replacer compared to cow's milk on health, weight gain, dry matter consumption and blood metabolites. In this study, 20 male and female calves Holstein (average weight 42 ± 4.2) in a completely rand MoreThe aim of this experiment, evaluated effects of the use of milk replacer compared to cow's milk on health, weight gain, dry matter consumption and blood metabolites. In this study, 20 male and female calves Holstein (average weight 42 ± 4.2) in a completely randomized design were tested. In this experiment two treatments were used, which included a treatment group were tested to milk replacer and received treatment, including two control groups who received cow's milk. Both treatments until day 21 milk cows were fed only with a treatment from day 21 until a lactation milk substitute can be used and treatment 2 (control) after 21 days of taking milk to cow milk were using. The results showed that significant differences in daily gain among treatments were observed, but in terms of numerical treatment 2 slightly higher. Among the amount of blood metabolites in blood globulin calf milk substitute that had consumed significantly higher (0/0099s Pr> F) TNEFA treatment that a successor had consumed milk, close to significant level than the control group was lower (0/087ns Pr> F), other metabolites in blood, a significant difference between treatments did not exist. Between treatments daily dry matter intake was not significant, but the number of calves that had replaced milk consumption was higher. (733 grams compared to 728 grams). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Fire Ritual in Cappadocia
Şevket Dönmez Farshid Iravani GhadimThe land of Cappadocia was one of the Achaemenid satrapies in the 6th century BC. During this period, the religion of Zoroastrianism, as well as the tradition of sanctifying fire, which is one of its symbols, became more popular in Cappadocia than in other regions of An MoreThe land of Cappadocia was one of the Achaemenid satrapies in the 6th century BC. During this period, the religion of Zoroastrianism, as well as the tradition of sanctifying fire, which is one of its symbols, became more popular in Cappadocia than in other regions of Anatolia. The prevalence of the fire worship tradition in Cappadocia can have natural causes. One of the most important archaeological evidences for the introduction of the fire sanctity tradition in Cappadocia is a stone fireplace that was found in the mountain region of Arjish (Erciş). The place of discovery of this fireplace is a volcanic territory. On the four sides of the fireplace found in Cappadocia, there is a carved image of a man whose type of clothing and Barsam in his hand indicate him as a Zoroastrian mystic. This fireplace does not have any inscriptions. Therefore, to date and determine its age, it should be compared with similar examples in Iran and other similar engravings. Then it is probably attributed to the end of the 6th century BC and the 5th century BC. The images of Moghan and fireplace and fireplace studied in this article are all archaeological documents and evidences that indicate the existence and prevalence of fire worship and Zoroastrianism in the Late Iron Age in Anatolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Haldi: Urartians’ Triumph Fire Deity
Maryam DaraFire was treated respectfully in antiquity but a few studies have been accomplished in this regard in the case of Urartians. Usually there was a deity with the function of “Fire Deity” among ancient people, but this is not the case for Urartians. This is str MoreFire was treated respectfully in antiquity but a few studies have been accomplished in this regard in the case of Urartians. Usually there was a deity with the function of “Fire Deity” among ancient people, but this is not the case for Urartians. This is strange, as Urartians lived in a cold environment and therefore one can safely assume that fire must have had significant importance for them. There is no explicit reference regarding the importance of fire or a specific Fire Deity in Urartian royal inscriptions, but it is possible to trace the function of the Fire Deity in Urartian works with respect to the most important Urartian god Ḫaldi. This paper is an attempt to study some pieces of evidence, such as a depiction of Ḫaldi on a shield from the archaeological site Anzaf and fireplaces at the site of Ayanis to show that a fire was lit for Ḫaldi and this could be called “Triumph Fire”. Also Ḫaldi, himself, may have been the Fire Deity. His fire had the characteristics of the Triumph Fire such as ever-burning, relation with Triumph God, burning in temples and possibly even in requiring sacrifice and offerings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Conversion and Replacement of the Islamic Punishment Tailored to the Time Requirements
Saeed Hadi Najafabadi Mohammadreza AyatiThe approach and attitude of the contemporary human being about crime, and punishment of criminals has undergone serious change and transform that is mainly the result of change of human attitudes towards his role, position, rights and generosity. This study evaluates t MoreThe approach and attitude of the contemporary human being about crime, and punishment of criminals has undergone serious change and transform that is mainly the result of change of human attitudes towards his role, position, rights and generosity. This study evaluates the theoretical position of some Islamic punishments (Hodoud and Tazirat) in the absence of innocent Imam (peace be upon him). The author believes that the change and replacement of the authorized and non-authorized legal penalties with other conventional penalties or reform methods is possible from the point of view of religious rules and principles and is a historical necessity regarding time requirements. The innovative aspect and distinctive feature of this article compared with other articles related to it is the acceptance of the change and replacement even in the case of legal authorized penalties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Study on the Meaning of Replacing Presumptive Evidence (Amara) and Practical Principles with Certitude in the Light of Imam Khomeini's Opinion
ahmad mortazi Hossen HajihoseniIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evi MoreIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evidence and principles in place of certitude by men of reason denotes its replacement with certitude. As for the first argument, the fundamentalists expressed different points of view and each has their own reasons and adherents. Out of these, Imam Khomeini believes that presumptive evidence and principles only take the place of the incomplete certitude to the situation, not the complete certitude to the situation, or incomplete or complete descriptive sitution, or the pure situation certitude. As for the second issue, the well-known fundamentalists believe that the presumptive evidence and principles are used as the replacement of certitude, and in case of lack of certitude, men of reason definitely use presumptive evidence and principle in place of certitude on a regular basis. On the contrary, Imam Khomeini believes that the argument for the replacement of presumptive evidence with certitude is basically inaccurate and men of reason have acted upon certitude in its presence and in its absence and the presence of reasonable sign, they act upon that sign and evidence without concern for its replacement or downgrading (tanzil). That is because, from the point of view of Imam Khomeini, validity of the rational presumptive sign does not depend on the validity and reliability of presumptive evidence and complementary aspect of revealing reality, but rather has an independent validity. Based on this, we should not look for legal rendering as complementing the disclosure to the presumptive evidence, to act upon certitude. This study used a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources to examine different opinions and their evidence and emphasize the accuracy of Imam Khomeini's opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Fabrication of Porous Segments Using Ti-6Al-4V Chips for Orthopaedic Applications
Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati Shiva Yasini Maryam Aryana -
Open Access Article
21 - A Replacement Method Based on Shannon Entropy and Simple Additive Weighting Method in Named Data Networks
Mohammad Soltani Behrang Barekatain Faramarz Hendesi Zahra BeheshtiThe named data network has been introduced as one of the next generation content-oriented network architectures in the future of the Internet. Recently, the challenge of content replacement has attracted the attention of researchers due to its special importance. Althou MoreThe named data network has been introduced as one of the next generation content-oriented network architectures in the future of the Internet. Recently, the challenge of content replacement has attracted the attention of researchers due to its special importance. Although the methods introduced so far have tried to improve this challenge, non-dynamic weighting and the use of only one criterion to select the output content have made the need for further improvement in the access delay inevitable. Regarding this matter, a novel strategy is presented based on the simple additive weighting (SAW) with the dynamic weighting of Shannon’s entropy for content replacement. In the proposed method, the important parameters such as the popularity of the content and the time of the last visit are included. According to the conditions of the content, it is possible to change the weights of the criteria dynamically using Shannon's entropy method. Content scoring is done using the SAW method and appropriate content is determined to replace the content. Among the innovations of the proposed method can be mentioned the consideration of influential criteria in named data networks, such as content popularity and the time of the last visit to replace the content, as well as the dynamic weight of the criteria, which reduces the delay and increases the hit rate. The results of the simulation in ndnSIM indicate the improvement access delay and hit rate compared to similar methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effects of Stevia (Rebaudioside) and Inulin on the Chemical and Microbial Properties of Low-Calorie Chocolate Dairy Dessert
Amin Seyed Mahmoodzade Asiye Ahmadi Fatemeh Kiani AliabadiCarbohydrates and lipids are known as the most important sources of calorie intake in food products, much attention has been paid to low-calorie and non-caloric alternatives. In this research, stevia and inulin was used as sugar and fat replacer in chocolate dairy desse MoreCarbohydrates and lipids are known as the most important sources of calorie intake in food products, much attention has been paid to low-calorie and non-caloric alternatives. In this research, stevia and inulin was used as sugar and fat replacer in chocolate dairy dessert formulation, respectively. Inorder to optimize the formula and low-calorie chocolate dairy dessert production, three factors of inulin concentration (0to 8 g/100 g), stevia concentration (0 to 0.06 g/100 g), and storage day (1 to 14 day) were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Face-Centered Central Composite. Then, the chemical characteristics including pH, acidity, fat and protein content, and microbial properties were analyzed in the chocolate dairy dessert after 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days’ storage. Folch method applied for fatty acids extraction and Gas Chromatography used for determination of fatty acids. The results showed that the pH value decreased with increase in inulin content. An increase in unsaturated fatty acids was observed in low calorie chocolate dairy dessert. The Highest percentage of fatty acids in chocolate dairy dessets were palmitic acid followed by oleic acid. The evaluation of Sucrose, Lactose and Glucose content with HPLC Technique showed that sucrose was the dominate sugar in the control sample but lactose had more content in low calorie desserts. Both total bacterial count and mold and yeast count, were lower than the standard range. According to the model obtained, the formulation with 5.628 g/100 g inulin, 0.032 g/100 g stevia and 5.83 g/100 g of sucrose was selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - تحلیل ANP-MULTIMOORA بر مبنای SWOT جهت تدوین استراتژی
سهیلا مظلوم واجاری ایروان مسعودی اصل کامران حاجی نبی لیلا ریاحیاز آنجا که هیچ سازمانی نمیتواند منابع نامحدود داشته باشد، استراتژیستها باید در این مورد که کدام یک از استراتژیهای مختلف میتوانند بیشترین منفعت را به سازمان برسانند، تصمیمگیری نمایند. تصمیماتی که در زمینهی تدوین استراتژییها گرفته میشود سازمان را متعهد میسازد ک Moreاز آنجا که هیچ سازمانی نمیتواند منابع نامحدود داشته باشد، استراتژیستها باید در این مورد که کدام یک از استراتژیهای مختلف میتوانند بیشترین منفعت را به سازمان برسانند، تصمیمگیری نمایند. تصمیماتی که در زمینهی تدوین استراتژییها گرفته میشود سازمان را متعهد میسازد که برای یک دوره نسبتاً بلندمدت محصولاتی خاص تولید کند، در بازارهای مشخصی به فعالیت بپردازد و سرانجام از منابع و فناوریهای شناخته شدهای استفاده نماید. استراتژیها مزایای رقابتی سازمان را در دورههای بلندمدت تعیین مینمایند. چه خوب چه بد، تصمیمات استراتژیک نتایج چندوجهی وآثار دیرپا بر سازمان میگذارند. لذا نیاز است تا با اتخاذ استراتژی هایی بهینه، سازمان در مسیر مطلوب قرار گرفته و از اعمال خسارت های جبران ناپذیر جلوگیری گردد. به منظور برنامه ریزی چنین تدارکاتی، نیاز است تا مدلی بهینه جهت تدوین استراتژی بکار گرفته شود تا استراتژیست های سازمانی به راحتی و با دقت زیاد بتوانند به تدوین استراتژی برای سازمان خود مبادرت ورزند. این پژوهش در تلاش است تا با ارائه ی رویکرد ترکیبی پیشنهادی خود، مسیر تدوین استراتژی برای سازمان ها را هموار سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه و دانه ارزن به عنوان جایگزین دانه ذرت
E.D. Bulus E.A. Ibe S.T. Yakubu I. Samuel O.J. Makindeاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) و دوره پایانی (5/21 درصد پروتیئن خام و 2900 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) فرموله شدند. جیره فرموله شده بر اساس دانه ذرت به عنوان جیره کنترل استفاده گردید. جیرههای 2، 3، 4 و 5 به ترتیب جیرههای براساس دانه ذرت سفید گینه، دانه ذرت زرد گینه، دانه ارزن مرواریدی و دانه ارزن انگشتی بودند. تعداد 225 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه از سویه مارشال به طور تصادفی به پنج جیره آزمایشی اختصاص یافتند. وزن پایانی و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجههای تغذیه شده با دانه ارزن مرواریدی و انگشتی در مراحل آغازین و پایانی بیشتر بود. جیره یر اساس دانه ارزن مرواریدی دارای بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و پایینترین هزینه برای هر واحد افزایش وزن بود. مصرف خوراک در مرحله آغازین در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه دزت گینه در مقایسه با جیره بر اساس دانه ذرت بالاتر بود. جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه ذرت گینه پایینترین وزن بدن، افزایش وززن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را در مرحله پایانی نشان دادند. نتیجه اینکه، جایگزنی کامل دانه ذرت با دانه ارزن یا دانه ذرت گینه در جیره جوجههای گوشتی به مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و ابقای مواد مغذی آسیبی نمیرساند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Increasing performance in Data grid by a new replica replacement algorithm
Mahsa Beigrezaei Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat Seyedeh Leili Mirtaheri Narges Hajizadeh Bastani -
Open Access Article
26 - An Improvement in WRP Block Replacement Policy with Reviewing and Solving its Problems
Davood Akbari Bengar Hoshang Jazayeri Rad Golnaz Berenjian -
Open Access Article
27 - Optimizing the warranty period by cuckoo meta-heuristic algorithm in heterogeneous customers’ population
Ali Roozitalab Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh -
Open Access Article
28 - Maintenance management decision model for preventive maintenance strategy on production equipment
R Ahmad S Kamaruddin I Azid I Almanar -
Open Access Article
29 - Optimal overhaul–replacement policy for a multi-degraded repairable system sold with warranty
Kusmaningrum Soemadi Bermawi Priyatna Iskandar Harsono Taroepratjeka -
Open Access Article
30 - Rational Choice Theory: An Overview
Mohammadreza Kari -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effectiveness of Aggression Replacement Training Program and Stress Inoculation on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Delinquent Adolescent
Saeed Mahmoodinia Mojgan Sepahmansoor soozan Emamipoor Fariba HasaniThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two interventions, including Aggression Replacement Training (ART) and Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation in delinquent adolescent boys. The study des MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two interventions, including Aggression Replacement Training (ART) and Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation in delinquent adolescent boys. The study design was semi-experimental with three groups and pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up. For this purpose, 60 adolescents of Tehran's Rehabilitation Center were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups. Participants in the experimental and control groups completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2006) before the intervention. Then, the two experimental groups were subjected to 10 sessions of training based on the (ART) and (SIT), while the control group did not receive any trainings. After completing the training sessions, as well as two months later, all the three groups completed the questionnaire again. Data were analyzed using SPSS25 software and mixed variance analysis. Findings showed that ART method significantly affected the positive cognitive emotional regulation strategies during the research stages compared to the other two groups. However, in relation to negative cognitive emotional regulation strategies, the educational methods did not have any significant effects on the scores. It seems that ART can be used to improve the behavior of adolescents and to prevent the occurrence of delinquent behaviors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Estimating the Contribution and Economic Value of Various Services of Pollinator Insects in a Northern Rangeland Ecosystem of Iran
Yadollah Bostan Ahmad Fatahiardakani Majid Sadeghinia Masoud Fehresti Sani -
Open Access Article
33 - Comparison of yield and some agronomic traits of new bread wheat cultivars in Kerman city (cold area)
Mohammad Ali Javaheri Hamid Najafinezhad13 bread wheat cultivars, including Alvand, Back Cross Roshan, Pishtaz, Arg, Tiger, Sirvan, Flamenco, Omid, Orum, Heydari, Mihan, Chamran 2 and Natasha varieties, were evaluated for two years in a completely randomized block design with three replications in the researc More13 bread wheat cultivars, including Alvand, Back Cross Roshan, Pishtaz, Arg, Tiger, Sirvan, Flamenco, Omid, Orum, Heydari, Mihan, Chamran 2 and Natasha varieties, were evaluated for two years in a completely randomized block design with three replications in the research center of Kerman agricultural education. After running the Bartlett test, composite analysis of variance was performed by SAS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed at the 5% level, and then the results were interpreted. The results showed that Heidari, Alvand, Orum and Arg cultivars had the highest grain yield with average yields of 6300, 6263, 5546 and 5257 kg / ha, respectively. Also, Chamran 2, Sirvan and Tiger cultivars with average yields of 4488, 4566 and 4668 kg / ha had the lowest grain yields. On the other hand, Omid and Pishtaz cultivars with a weight of 44.24 and 44.04 gr per thousand seeds had the highest, while Flamenco and Tiger cultivars with a weight of 37.49 and 36.73 gr had the lowest weight of a thousand seeds, respectively. Chamran 2 cultivar with 39.83 had the lowest number of seeds per spike. Omid cultivar with 107 cm had the highest plant height and Mihan and Tiger cultivars had the lowest plant height with 81.00 and 79.83 cm, respectively. According to the results of this study (especially in terms of yield and dwarfness), Heydari and Mihan cultivars should be used to replace conventional and old cultivars in Kerman province's cold areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of different irrigation levels on some quantitative and qualitative traits of maize and soybean in intercropping
Y. Ghazi-khanlou Sani Kh. Jamshidi M.R. Azimi MoghadamIn order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three rep MoreIn order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The levels of irrigation containing 7days, as control, 9 days and 11 days were the main factors and pattern cropping as sub factors included sole cropping of corn, sole cropping of soybean, additive intercropping and replacement intercropping. The results showed that the highest yield obtained in control and 9 days irrigation regimens. There were not any significant differences in yield components between the control and 9 days irrigation regimen. The highest grain yield was obtained from the additive intercropping pattern. Irrigation levels had no effect on yield of soybean, and the highest yield was obtained in sole cropping of soybean, but, it did not show significant difference with intercropping. The interaction between irrigation and cropping pattern was not significant in any of the parameters in soybean and corn. In general, intercropping had significant advantages compared to monoculture. Nine days irrigation regimen was the best irrigation method for grain yield in intercropping system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Optimization of Fat Replacers and Sweetener Levels to Formulate Reduced- Calorie Pistachio Butter: A Response Surface Methodology
B Emadzadeh S. M. A Razavi M Hashemi M Nassiri Mahallati R Farhoosh -
Open Access Article
36 - Development and Utilization of Rice Bran in Hamburger as a Fat Replacer
Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh Neda Akbari -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effects of Adding Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of The Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Polymer Matrix (UHMWPE) in Joint Replacements
Mohsen Fakoori Mohammad Taghi khorassani Mehdi kamali dolat abadiUltra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis as an articular component for several years. Despite its distinct physical and chemical characteristics, the lifespan of this polymer is limited. On MoreUltra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis as an articular component for several years. Despite its distinct physical and chemical characteristics, the lifespan of this polymer is limited. One approach to increase the lifespan and mechanical properties is the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are promising candidates for use as a filler phase in polymers due to their excellent mechanical properties and excellent surface-to-volume ratio. In this research, the addition of 0.1% by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxyl groups was investigated on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the UHMWPE base matrix and its comparison with the pure UHMWPE sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of UHMWPE and carbon nanoparticle in the matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed an increase in the intensity of the characteristic peaks of the composite compared to the pure sample. The differential scanning calorimetry test (DSC) showed an increase of about 10% in the crystallinity of the composite containing carbon nanotubes (PE/MWCNT). The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed an increase of about 22% in the storage modulus compared to the control sample, and finally, the cell viability through the cell culture test in the PE/MWCNT composite showed a 15 % increase in cell viability. According to mechanical and biocompatibility results, the composite sample can perform better in terms of mechanical loads in bearing surfaces compared to pure UHMWPE. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Total replacement of fish meal by common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalks meal on some growth performance of rainbow trout
Meysan Salehi Esmaeil Pirali Kheirabadi Amar Salehi Farsani Seyyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi Amir hossein Omidi Arman Jafari In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets conta More In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets containing 0% and %100 MSM were formulated. Significant differences in survival rate (%) between the fish meal based control diet and diets containing up to 100% MSM was not observed (p>0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of common diet (1.35±0.036) showed significantly increased with fish meal diet (p<0.05). However, MSM diet showed the best results in BWG (16.50±5.185 %), SGR (1.29±0.055), FCR (1.26±0.066), HIS (1.53±0.235 %) and VSI (20.52±0.763 %) in comparison to common diet (p<0.05). Based on the results, juvenile rainbow trout diet contain up to 100% MSM without any loss of growth performance, thereby showing higher growth properties in comparison with fish meal. This study shows that mushroom stalks meal can replace 100% of fish meal in experimental rainbow trout diets. Further trials to identify the best formula between MSM and fish meal are necessary. Manuscript profile
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