List of Articles Life table

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  1 - Biological and Reproductive Parameters of Olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory condition
  Mohammad Javad Soroush Karim Kamali Hadi Ostovan Mahmoud Shojaei Yaghoub Fathipour
  The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table oliv More

  The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table olives and oil. In this research, infected fruits from infected areas were collected and biological and reproductive parameters were evaluated at 27 ± 1°C, 60-70 % RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D on olive fruit, Zard variety. Because of internal function of immature stages of the pest, we supposed that the gross hatch rate was equal to 1 and survival rate (lx) of adults was compared with the initial egg number. Results showed that incubation period of eggs, larval and pupal stages lasted  in 3.26 ± 0.095, 13.13 ± 0.28 and 9.13 ±  0.34 days respectively. Development time of the pest in suitable condition was 25.53 ± 0.48 days. Pre-oviposition time, oviposition time and post-oviposition time was 5.64 ± 0.31, 51.64 ± 1.73 and 4.07 ± 0.68 days respectively.  The average of adult longevity for males was 38.57  ± 2.56 and for females was  61.36  ±2.15 days. The total number of laid eggs laid in suitable conditions was 214.25 ± 22.38 per female (139-256). The sex ratio was 1.1: 1, female: male. The survival rate until last stages of life cycle was equal to 1 but in this time some females was dead that it appeared as fluctuations in the rate. The gross and net fecundity and fertility rate of the pest on olive fruits was 118.20 and 46.97 respectively, because the gross hatch rate was supposed equal to 1. Mean egg per day was 1.90 and mean eggs/female/day was 0.89. Mean fertile eggs per day  and mean fertile eggs/female/day were equal to 1.90 and 0.89 too.  Results of showed that generation time (T) was 58.18 days, doubling time (DT) was 8.88 days, finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.08 and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.078. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Sublethal effects of individual and combined of Mentha pulegium essential oil and methanolic extract on life table parameters of Ommatissus lybicus
  Azita Dehghan Arezoo Payandeh
  Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world More

  Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. This study evaluated the individual and synergistic effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of Mentha pulegium against Ommatissus lybicus adults. The LC50 andLD50 of M. pulegium values are 9.68 μL/L air and 36.97 mg/mL, respectively. To assess the sublethal effects, adult bugs were exposed to the essential oil (LC25), methanolic extract (LD25) and their combination, and mortality of immature stages and life table parameters of the surviving O. lybicus were studied. The highest percent of egg and nymphal mortality were observed, 27.33% and 37.60% respectively, after exposure to LC25 ofM. pulegium oil. Exposure to sublethal LC25 and/or LD25 of M. pulegium negatively affected the life table of O. lybicus. All treatments significantly reduced the R0, rm, λ, and GRR while that increased T of O. lybicus and prolonged the developmental time from egg to adult. In comparison to extract treatment, R0 and rm parameters were reduced to a greater extent in insects exposed to both M. pulegium oil and extract, however, a statistically significant difference was not found when compared with essential oil treatment. According to these results, both tested essential oil and methanolic extract has potential applications for the integrated management of O. lybicus. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Demography of date palm fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans (Col. : Scarabeaidae), on date palm under laboratory conditions
  Arezoo Payandeh Azita Dehghan
  The date palm fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans Prell. (Col.: Scarabeaidae) is a serious pests of date palm in Bam region, Iran. In this research, demographic parameters O. elegans were studied under controlled conditions at 27±2ºC and 65±5% RH and 1 More

  The date palm fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans Prell. (Col.: Scarabeaidae) is a serious pests of date palm in Bam region, Iran. In this research, demographic parameters O. elegans were studied under controlled conditions at 27±2ºC and 65±5% RH and 16:8 L: D. Data were analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table, to take both sexes and variable development into consideration. Developmental time mean for egg, larvae and pupa were obtained 16.4, 216.8 and 26.2 respectively. In the laboratory, 5.2, 22.6 and 3.2% died in the egg, larval and pupal stage, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), doubling time (DT) and mean generation time (T) were 0.002d-1 ,1.002d-1 ,71.6 offspring, 42.3 offspring, 110.7d and 328.5d respectively. These facts indicated that O. elegans is a univoltine species.   Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Study of Life Table and Possibility Mass Production of Lady Beetle Cryptolaemus montrozieri in vitro Conditions
  A. R. Jalalizand S. Shiran
  Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is one of the most important predators of Citrus and Tea Flour, which is very effective in controlling the biological quality of the insect. In this research, we attempted to increase the number of chick peas with nutrition from a kind of citru More

  Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is one of the most important predators of Citrus and Tea Flour, which is very effective in controlling the biological quality of the insect. In this research, we attempted to increase the number of chick peas with nutrition from a kind of citrus pepper and we obtained its livelihood. For this purpose, the flour dough and flakes were measured at 27 ± 2 ° C and relative humidity of 75 ± 5 Percentage and period of light 16 hours of brightness and 8 hours of darkness on two hosts of germinated potatoes and pumpkin seeds were studied. In order to calculate the standard error, the growth parameters of the population were measured by using Jack Nayef method. The net growth rate on potato and squash was calculated to be 203.75 and 567.55, respectively. The intrinsic rate of population increase in potatoes was 99/8 and in the middle of 10/28/10, the net reproduction rate in potatoes was 203.55 and in pumpkin 567.58 and the length of one generation in potatoes 42.41 and in pumpkin 50.44 respectively. The days were calculated. The results showed that the positive effects of host plant on the growth parameters of chicken dip in the feeding of flour mash on pumpkin compared with potatoes. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of extracted essential oils of Piper nigrum and Artemisia khorassanica on Trogoderma granarium (Col.: Dermestidae)
  Siavash Tirgari A. Rahimzadeh S. Imani Y. Fathipour
  The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were More

  The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were determined against 1st instar larvae of T. granarium. To study the sublethal effects, 1st instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 of each EO, and the life table parameters of the surviving insects were assessed. Artemisia khorassanica (LC50: 39.88 μl/liter air) had higher fumigant toxicity for T. granarium when compared to P. nigrum (LC50: 71.46 μl/liter air). Furthermore, the insecticidal effects of A. khorassanica (LT50: 13.51 h) were faster than P. nigrum (LT50: 15.75 h). Significant differences in the larval and pupal durations were observed in the EO treatments when compared to the control. In addition, the exposure to sublethal concentration of the EOs tested significantly reduced immature survival rate, adult longevity and fecundity. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) was significantly affected by EOs tested being lowest in the insects exposed to A. khorassanica. According to our findings, both EOs tested, especially A. khorassanica, are useful for the effective control of T. granarium in warehouses. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The effects of sublethal doses (LC25) of fennel and pennyroyal essential oils on biological parameters of Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae)
  A. Dehghan A. Payandeh S. Imani M. Shojaei H. Ostovan
  Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus,is one of the serious pest of palm trees throughout the world and Iran. Pesticides are applied in highly infested areas. In order to risk of pesticides, it is necessary for safe alternatives. The aim of this study was the evaluating of subl More

  Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus,is one of the serious pest of palm trees throughout the world and Iran. Pesticides are applied in highly infested areas. In order to risk of pesticides, it is necessary for safe alternatives. The aim of this study was the evaluating of sublethal (LC25) effects of fennel and pennyroyal essential oils on life table parameters of Ommatissus lybicus using two-sex life table. The LC25 values for fennel and pennyroyal essential oils were 23 and 30 µL/L, respectively. The results show that the essential oils caused the significant decreasing of fecundity, oviposition days and immature survival rate of Dubas bug. The highest and lowest immature stages period was on fennel (76.09±0.21 days) and control (73.88±0.24 days). Also, the highest adult longevity was on control (16.63±0.32) and the lowest was on fennel (16.00±0.42). The total developmental time of Dubas bugs was significantly decreased in essential oil treatments. Therefore, essential oils decreased the life table parameters including r, λ and R0, significantly. The essential oils treatment decreased survival rate and life expectancy of Dubas bug. The lowest survival rate, mxj, exj were observed in pennyroyal treatment. Our results showed that the pennyroyal essential oil was more effective than fennel essential oil on biological parameters, survival rate and fecundity of Dubas bugs. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Study on demographic parameters of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) on three host species in laboratory conditions
  A. A. Lashgari A. A. Talebi Y. Fathipour S. Farahani
  Life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko were studied on eggs of two laboratory hosts, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Sitotroga cerealella Oliver and one natural host species eggs, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The expe More

  Life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko were studied on eggs of two laboratory hosts, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Sitotroga cerealella Oliver and one natural host species eggs, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber with temperature of 25±1 °C, 50±5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 14L:10D hours. Adult life expectancy were 5.65, 9.45 and 4.95 days on eggs of H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively. Gross fecundity rate of T. brassicae on eggs of E. kuehniella was higher than eggs of two other hosts. Net reproductive rate were 41.98, 55.65 and 42.17 females/female on H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase of T. brassicae on eggs of H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella were 0.298, 0.309 and 0.301 females/female/day, respectively. Mean generation time of T. brassicae was longer then on eggs of E. kuehniella. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Effect of Thiacloprid and Eforia on the life table parameters and detoxification enzymes activity in wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)
  pezhman Aeinechi B. Naseri
  The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in det More

  The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in detoxifying chemical compounds in many living organisms. These enzymes exposed to chemical compounds are as biomarkers, and they have varying degrees of sensitivity to chemical compounds due to biochemical differences in pesticide detoxification. In the study, bioassays were examined by immersing wheat leaves in its insecticidal solution at a temperature of 27±2°C, a relative humidity of 65 ±10% and 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness photoperiod. The sublethal concentrations effect (LC10 and LC30) of thiachlopride and aforia has been evaluated on the life table parameters and the detoxifying enzymes activity of S. graminum. Esterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured as detoxifying enzymes. According to the obtained results, the lethal mean concentrations were calculated 212.7 and 203.9 mg (ai) L-1 for aphids exposed to thiacloprid and eforia, respectively. Among the treatments, LC30 concentration was the highest toxicity compared with other treatments. The LC30 concentration effects of both insecticides were significantly increased the induction of beta-esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes of S. graminum. Also, the activity of alpha-esterase and acetylcholinesterase did not significant different with increasing sublethal concentrations than control. The results showed that the sublethal concentrations of the two incecticides, thiacloprid and eforia, had a negative effect on the life tables parameters of S. graminum and they can be identified by detoxifying enzymes as biochemical markers. Manuscript profile
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  9 - The effect of Teucrium Polium extract on life table of age-bisexual stage of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.Aleyrodidae) on two resistant and sensitive cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum
  Masoomeh Samareh Fekri mohammad Amin Samih
  Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B More

  Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B. tabaci (Gennadius.) was evaluated on the sensitive cultivar ( Ergon) and resistant cultivar (Cal-JN3) of Lycopersicon esculentum . 2-4 leaves seedlings of L. esculentum from sensitive and resistant cultivar were submerged in methanol extract of T. polium and water+ methanol (control) and were placed in cup cages. 30 imago insects of the same age were released in the cup cage and after 24 hours the imago insects were omitted and the eggs whose age was less than 24 hours were kept. The sexuality of the imago insects exiting these eggs exposed to the contaminated plant was determined and the rate of spawning of the female insect was daily recorded to the last day of its life. The experiment was investigated in a glass greenhouse and 27+ 2  temperature and relative moisture of 50 ± 5 and in lighting conditions of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the one percent level. The intrinsic value of population increase, reproduction gross rate, and reproduction net rate on the sensitive cultivar (Ergon) and resistant cultivar (cal-JN3) of the L. esculentum treated with T. polium L. was acquired 0.069, 31/43 and 11.03 and 0.061, 18.51 and 6.66 respectively.  Generally, in this study conjugate application of resistant plant cultivar and extract caused more loss and considerable reduction of the intrinsic rate of population increase comparing other treatments which subsequently lower the population of B. tabaci. So, the combined application of using resistant cultivar and the herbal extract is considerable in the population control of this pest. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of ultra violet irradiation on biological parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lep., Pyralidae)
  A. Bakhshi A. A. Talebi Y. Fathipour
  The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a polyphagous and cosmopolitan species. This species has been distributed in Iran and all over the World. In this research, the effect of UV-irradiation on the biology and life table parameters of P.interpunct More

  The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a polyphagous and cosmopolitan species. This species has been distributed in Iran and all over the World. In this research, the effect of UV-irradiation on the biology and life table parameters of P.interpunctella was investigated. Three age groups of eggs (1, 2 and 3-day-old)were exposed to UV-irradiation (254nm wavelength) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 minutes at temperature 25±5ºC and a photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D), without humidity control. The results indicated that all exposure periods of UV-irradiation reduced hatching eggs. An increase in time of exposure to irradiation caused a gradual decrease in percentage of hatching in all age groups of eggs. However, for each exposure duration, the hatching rate was decreased as the age of irradiated eggs increased from 1 to 3 days. Hatching rates decreased from 71.33% at 0.5 min to 0.67% at 8 min exposure time in 1-day-old eggs, from 35% at 0.5 min to 1.67% at 4 min exposure time in 2-day-old eggs and from 31.67% at 0.5 min to 1.67% at 2 min     exposure periods in 3-day-old eggs. No hatching eggs occurred at higher exposure times. At three age groups of eggs all exposure periods of UV-radiation increased significantly the incubation period of eggs of males and females in comparison to controls The longest incubation period in males and females was recorded in 3-day-old eggs which treated by 0.5 min exposure time. (7.00±0.00 and 7.67±0.33 days, respectively). There was no significant different between adult longevity of controls and irradiation adult in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs. In all age groups of eggs, adult longevity of females was longer than males. The results showed that UVC irradiation has greater effects on the eggs of P.interpunctella than other developmental stages. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Comparison of the life table and reproduction parameters of the Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) on three cultivars of date in laboratory conditions
  H. Pourbehi A. A. Talebi A. A. zamani Sh. Goldasteh N. Farrar
  The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) is one of the serious pests of stored date in Iran and many parts of the world. In this research life table and reproduction parameters of P. interpunctella on three cultivars of date were studied. The More

  The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) is one of the serious pests of stored date in Iran and many parts of the world. In this research life table and reproduction parameters of P. interpunctella on three cultivars of date were studied. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions at temperature of 27±2 ºC, 45±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16L:8D hours. The results indicated that, the life expectancy in egg period were 44/45, 52/29 and 47/89 days on Zahedi, Shahabi and Kabkab cultivars, respectively. The gross fecundity rate on Zahedi, Shahabi and Kabkab cultivars were estimated 172.1±17.5, 160.2±15.2 and 121.0±18.3 egg per female, respectively. There was no significant difference among gross fecundity rate on different cultivars of date. The net fertility rate on Zahedi cultivar with 96/8±10/4 was more than the other cultivars. The lowest value of this parameter on  Kabkab cultivar 43/84±7/26 was estimated that there was significant difference with Zahedi and Shahabi cultivars, but no significant difference was observed between Zahedi and Shahabi cultivars. The mean egg per day and mean fertile eggs per day of moths developed on Zahedi cultivar were estimated 25/09±2/61 and 22/38±2/30, respectively that was shown the maximum value among examined cultivers. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Comparison of the biological characteristics of two local populations of Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) on rape seed in laboratory conditions
  F. Eskuruchi A. A. Talebi A. Hajgozar Sh. Goldasteh
  The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of rapeseed and most other crucifera in many parts of the world. In this study, demographic parameters including life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of More

  The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of rapeseed and most other crucifera in many parts of the world. In this study, demographic parameters including life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of two populations of B. Brassica, collected fromShiraz and Gorgan, were studied. Experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions at 25±1ºC, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (L: D). Data were analyzed according to Jackknife method using SAS and MINITAB statistical softwares. The results indicated that, there was significant difference between mean preimaginal developmental time of aphid in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between mean lifespan of aphid in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan. The life expectancy of newly emerged adults was 7.92 and 9.46 days in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan, respectively. The gross fecundity rate in Shiraz population was higher than Gorgan population. There was a significant difference between gross fecundity rate in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan (P<0.01). The net reproduction rate was 9.22 and 7.54 females per female per generation in Shiraz and Gorgan population, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan were 0.21 and 0.19 females/female/day, respectively. The finite rates of increase were obtained 1.23 and 1.21 days in Shiraz and Gorgan populations, respectively. The mean generation time of aphid was 10.58 and 10.48 days in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan, respectively. The doubling time of aphid was 3.30 and 3.59 days in Shiraz and Gorgan populations, respectively. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Relationship between the biological parameters of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the host phenolic content
  H. Tabasian sh. goldasteh Gh. h. Moravvej E. Sanatgar M. Ghadamyari
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  14 - Influence of seven white bean genotypes on biological parameters of two spotted-spider mite under laboratory conditions and evaluation of plant damage in greenhouse conditions
  S. Mohammadi Z. Saeidi A. A. Seraj A. R. Nemati E. Babaian
  Two spotted-spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests of bean. Biology of TSSM on white bean genotypes (Dehghan, Sadaf, Daneshkadeh, G-11867, Jules, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro) were studied using leaf disk bioa More

  Two spotted-spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests of bean. Biology of TSSM on white bean genotypes (Dehghan, Sadaf, Daneshkadeh, G-11867, Jules, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro) were studied using leaf disk bioassay   under laboratory conditions (Tempt.: 25±1°C, RH: 50±5%, L:D= 12:12 hours). Moreover, some of the reproductive characteristics of TSSM (egg number, immature and mature numbers) were     evaluated in greenhouse conditions by releasing five adult female mites on two leaf stage plant and estimating mite population after two weeks. The parameters mx, rm  andT of Two spotted-spider mite on seven white bean genotypes were calculated and considered their associations with                 resistance and sensibility of hosts. Results indicated that Dehghan and Sadaf genotypes with lower damage (respectively, 3.40±0.24 and 2.00±0.20 damage score of 6) were resistant genotypes and Daneshkadeh, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro, G-11867 and Jules genotypes with higher damage (respectively, 4.00±0.00, 4.00±0.00, 4.20±0.00, 4.00±0.00 and 5.00±0.00 damage score) showed          levels of sensibility to two spotted-spider mite. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Effect of solitary and group rearing on demographic parameters of Stethorus gilvifrons (Col.: Coccinelidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae
  H. Ranjbar Aghdam M. Jafari A. A. Zamani Sh. Goldasteh E. Soleyman-nejadian
  Stethorus gilvifrons is one of the most important monophagus predators of Tetranychus urticae. In this study, demographic parameters of S. gilvifrons were compared between solitary and group (5 pairs of the predator) rearing systems feeding on different developmental st More

  Stethorus gilvifrons is one of the most important monophagus predators of Tetranychus urticae. In this study, demographic parameters of S. gilvifrons were compared between solitary and group (5 pairs of the predator) rearing systems feeding on different developmental stage of T. uricae at 27±1°C temperature, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h. L:D. In order to start experiments, 120 eggs (< 24 h. old) were selected randomly from the laboratory culture of S. gilvifrons for each treatment. The data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Developmental times of the incubation period, larval, pupal, and total immature stages of S. gilvifrons were 3.92±0.08, 6.52±0.14, 2.98±0.06, 13.59±0.14 days, respectively, in solitary rearing system. In the case of group rearing, developmental time of S. gilvifrons for the mentioned developmental stages were 3.51±0.06, 6.85±0.21, 2.85±0.11, and 13.18±0.21 days, respectively. Moreover, estimated values of intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation times (T), net reproductive rate (R0) and Gross reproduction rate (GRR) were (0.1219; 0.1455 day-1), (1.1297; 1.1567 day-1), (30.23; 19.88 day-1), (39.92; 18.08 offspring/individual), (265.38; 88.37 females/female/generation), respectively in solitary and group rearing systems. According to the obtained results, demographic parameters of the S. gilvifrons were affected by the number of the individuals in the arena, and population growth was less in the group rearing system, in comparison with solitary rearing condition. These findings can be useful for improving mass rearing of S. gilvifrons and biological control programs of Tetranychids. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Sublethal effects of some plant extracts and imidachloprid on life table parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
  M. Pirmohammadi K. Mahdian M. A. Samih Sh. Shahidi-Noghabi
  Present study was conducted to evaluate the side effects of the extract of Calotropis procera (Wit.) (Asclepiadaceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae)andRicinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) in comparision with imidachloprid on life table parameters of Chrysoperla carnea More

  Present study was conducted to evaluate the side effects of the extract of Calotropis procera (Wit.) (Asclepiadaceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae)andRicinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) in comparision with imidachloprid on life table parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) under controlled condition. Life table of 25 first instar larvae of C. carnea that exposed to sublethal concentration of chemicals (i.e., LC25) were studied using a completely randomized design with four replicates. The 1st instar larvae of C. carnea (n=100) were treated to sublethal concentration of the extracts and imidachloprid by Potter Spray Tower. The life table data were analyzed by Age-stage, two-sex life table. R. Communis extraction caused the lowest survival rate (57 days) and oviposition period (52 days). The results of population parameters in first instar larvae of C. carnea revealed that there were significant differences between net reproductive rate (R0 or NRR), gross reproductive rate (GRR), intrinsic rates of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation times (T). Significant differences were found among all treatments and control in intrinsic rates of increase parameter. This parameter significantly decreased in treatments of L. inermis, imidaclopridand R. Communis. Intrinsic rates of increase of L. inermis (0.076±0.002), imidachloprid (0.077±0.002), R. communis (0.082±0.003) and C. procera (0.095±0.004) were significantly lower than control (0.110±0.002). Manuscript profile
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  17 - Life chart and hunter rate of Macrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) by feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
  A. Zaraei S. Imani S. Tirgary H. Belgheiszade
  Macrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) is one of the biological control factors of some plant pests in Iran. In this study, the parameters of life table and reproduction of this insect in the growth chamber under temperature conditions of 25±1 °C, relative hu More

  Macrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) is one of the biological control factors of some plant pests in Iran. In this study, the parameters of life table and reproduction of this insect in the growth chamber under temperature conditions of 25±1 °C, relative humidity of 65±10% and light period of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness by feeding from different age stages of two-part tartan mite (TU) ) was evaluated. The experiment was started by using 100 one-day-old insects and the mortality rate of different age stages was determined daily. The results showed that the age-specific (qx) mortality of Macrolophus caliginosus nymphs started at 4 days of age and gradually increased with slight fluctuations. Life expectancy increased slightly after the nymphs hatched, but then declined. Life expectancy at the time of nymph hatching was 17.75 days and at the time of emergence of adult insects was estimated to be 13.95 days. Net fertility and fertility rates, which indicate the reproductive participation of females in each generation for the next generation, were set at 32.91 t 0.17 and 26.35 t 1.02, respectively. Also, the average number of eggs produced by each female was 4.18 eggs per day. Manuscript profile
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  18 - The effects of sublethal does of pyridalil on life table parameters of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae)
  Z. Abedi M. Saber Gh. Gharekhani A. Mehrvar
  In this study, the adult wasps were exposed to fresh residuces of the insecticide. The LC50 value of pyridalil were 2451 ppm. Sublethal effects of pyridalil on life table, reproduction parameters and survivorship of H. hebetor were studied. The survivorship was affected More

  In this study, the adult wasps were exposed to fresh residuces of the insecticide. The LC50 value of pyridalil were 2451 ppm. Sublethal effects of pyridalil on life table, reproduction parameters and survivorship of H. hebetor were studied. The survivorship was affected by the insecticide. Life expectancy and Mortality rate were not significantly affected but reproduction parameters of H. hebetor was affected bythe insecticide. Mortality of egg and larval stages was significantly affected by the insecticide, but the adult emergence rate was not significantly affected by the pyridalil. Results showed that pyridalil insecticide had less adverse effects on the parasitoid. Field studies aiming to assess efficacy of combined use of insecticide and H. hebetor is needed to obtain more applicable results. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Effect of lethal dose of Abamectin®, Proteus® and Sirinol® on biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor in laboratory conditions
  M. Rezaei Sh. Hesami M. Gheibi H. Zohdi
  The usage of biological control agents has a significant role in the IPM programs. Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae ) is considered as one of  the most important larval parasitoid in many Lepidoptera pests. In this study, the effect of Abamectin®, Prot More

  The usage of biological control agents has a significant role in the IPM programs. Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae ) is considered as one of  the most important larval parasitoid in many Lepidoptera pests. In this study, the effect of Abamectin®, Proteus® and Sirinol® on biological parameters of this parasitoid was investigated in direct (contact) and indirect (poisonous host) methods. The parasitoid was breeding on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.;Pyralidae) under controlled condition (25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16L:8D photoperiod). Bioassay tests of insecticides were done by contact (direct) and poisonous host (indirect) and the demographic parameters of the wasp were calculated. Lethal concentration was obtained in contact method as 1.38, 0.037, 6.62 ppm and in poisonous host as 0.49, 2.15, 0.138 ppm, respectively. Intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) of the wasp treated with these pesticides were reduced in compare to control (0.220, 0.211, 0.227 and 0.261 female/female/day in direct and 0.212, 0.205, 0.186 and 0.260 in indirect method, respectively). In direct method, Abamectin and Sirinol had the least effect on rm compared the control. In poisonous host method Abamectin had also the least effect on this factor. Since, Abamectin had also the least effect on the longevity of this parasitoid, it can be recommended in IPM programs using the combination of parasitoid and the insecticide. Manuscript profile
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  20 - اثر سه رقم سویا روی پارامترهای زیستی- باروری سن (Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae به عنوان شکارگر کنه دولکه ای(Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
  Sh. Vafaei Sh. Goldasteh A. A. Zamani E. Sanatgar
  In this study the biological parameters (life table, reproduction, population growth rate) of the predatory bug Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae) were studied on Tetranychus urticae Kochreared on three cultivars of soybean. The experiment was conducted in l More

  In this study the biological parameters (life table, reproduction, population growth rate) of the predatory bug Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae) were studied on Tetranychus urticae Kochreared on three cultivars of soybean. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at 251oC, % 655 R.H and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (L:D). There were no significant differences between mean incubation period and mean preimaginal developmental times on three cultivars of soybean. On three soybean cultivars, the females develpopmental time were higher than males. Net reproducation rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (Rm), finite rate of increase (), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) calculated for O. albidipennis were respectivety 3, 7.14, 0.08, 1.09, 22.44 and 7.89 on Gorgan, 9.68, 0.09, 1.10, 22.87 and 6.96 on DPX, 3.65, 0.05, 1.05, 22.30 and 11.88 on Williams. Manuscript profile
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  21 - The influence of applying Boron on life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on bean plants
  E. Sadeghi R. Vafaie H. Madani
  The effect of four dose of Boron (0, 1, 1/5. 2 ppm) on the growth parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied on the red Akhtar bean cultivar under constant laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70±5%RH and 16L:8D) during 2014–2016. Results show More

  The effect of four dose of Boron (0, 1, 1/5. 2 ppm) on the growth parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied on the red Akhtar bean cultivar under constant laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70±5%RH and 16L:8D) during 2014–2016. Results showed that the immature developmental times of males and females were significantly influenced by Boron. Tetranychus urticae laid significantly more eggs per day on control. The egg hatching percentage varied from88.25 to 94.20 percent. The minimum intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.210±0.01 (female/female/day), while the highest was recorded for 2 ppm tests 0.73±0.2 (female/female/day). The lowest net reproductive rate of female (R0) was observed in 2 ppm dose (4.2.±2/04) while thehighest was in control treatment (12.10±0.06) (female/female/generation). The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (λ) (0.93±1.02) was obtained in 2 ppm treatments, whenever 0 ppm treatment displayed the highest values of these parameters (1.230±1.40). The mean generation time varied from 15.2±0.24 day to 11.65±0.5 days. Doubling time (DT) varied significantly on different tests. The longest was in 2 ppm and the shortest was in control treatment. Therefore, the results have proved that 2 ppm sample has excellent potential for applying in Integrated Pest Management of Tetranychus urticae. Manuscript profile
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  22 - Effect of some usual insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea Stephens under labratory conditions
  manizheh ma.jamshidi@yahoo.com Masoud Taghizadeh Sajad Fouladi Azar
  Chemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural More

  Chemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural enemies to control pests on farms, orchards and forests of the country widely perceived to be in nature and play an important role in preventing the rapid proliferation of pests and shall have the vital balance The green lacewing most attention as a promising biological control agent released against pests in greenhouses, farms and gardens has attracted. In this study, the effects of sublethal doses of Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl against Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined and compared. The results showed that these insecticides at LC30 had significant effect on the stable population parameters. Intrinsic rate of population increase (r) values for control‚ Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl were 0.142‚ 0.141‚ 0.140 and 0.134 (day-1), respectively. According to our results, there was significant differences in Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control; also, three insecticides had significant effect on survival rate and life expectancy compared to control. These results provided that Primicarb had lower toxicity on Chrysopa carnea but theoretical basis for the rational use of Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl insecticides and the utilization and protection of C. carnea Manuscript profile
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  23 - Effect of some commen insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea Stephens under labratory conditions
  Sajad Fouladi Azar manizheh ma.jamshidi@yahoo.com Masoud Taghizadeh
  10.30495/plant.2022.700579
  Chemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural More

  Chemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural enemies to control pests on farms, orchards and forests of the country widely perceived to be in nature and play an important role in preventing the rapid proliferation of pests and shall have the vital balance The green lacewing most attention as a promising biological control agent released against pests in greenhouses, farms and gardens has attracted. In this study, the effects of sublethal doses of Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl against Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined and compared. The results showed that these insecticides at LC30 had significant effect on the stable population parameters. Intrinsic rate of population increase (r) values for control‚ Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl were 0.142‚ 0.141‚ 0.140 and 0.134 (day-1), respectively. According to our results, there was significant differences in Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control; also, three insecticides had significant effect on survival rate and life expectancy compared to control. These results provided that Primicarb had lower toxicity on C. carnea but theoretical basis for the rational use of Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl insecticides and the utilization and protection of C. carnea. Manuscript profile
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  24 - Effect of Various Vermicompost-Tea Concentrations on Life Table Parameters of Macrosiphumrosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Flower
  Saeid Modarres Najafabadi
  The life table parameters of Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five vermicompost-tea (tea-compost) concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and control treatment (0%) on Rosa hybrida L. were determined under laboratory conditions. There were significant dif More

  The life table parameters of Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five vermicompost-tea (tea-compost) concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and control treatment (0%) on Rosa hybrida L. were determined under laboratory conditions. There were significant differences among pre-imaginal period and adult longevity of the aphid on the five teacompost concentrations. The highest mortality occurred at first nymphal instar on all treatments. The life expectancy (ex) of one-day-old adults was estimated to be 30, 35, 37, 40, 42 and 20 days on various tea-compost concentrations and control treatment, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) significantly differed on different treatments, which was the highest on control (29.12±2.21 female offspring) and lowest on 100% of tea-compost concentration (15.47±2.12 female offspring). The highest and lowest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.736±0.171 day-1 (on control) and 0.105±0.005 day-1 (on 100% treatment), respectively. The finite rate of increase (?) varied from 1.101±0.143 day-1 (on 100% treatment) to 1.853±0.001 day-1 (on control). Doubling time ranged from 1.806±0.023 (on control) to 4.587±0.161 days (on 100% treatment). The longest mean generation time (T) of the rose aphid was obtained on 100% treatment. The results showed that the 100% of tea-compost concentration had the highest antibiotic effect on population growth of Macrosiphum rosae. Manuscript profile
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  25 - Side Effects of Spirotetramat and Imidacloprid on Hippodamia variegata Goezee Feeding on Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer
  Maryam Zeinadini Najmeh Sahebzadeh Sultan Ravan Mehdi Basirat
  10.22034/jon.2019.664207
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  26 - Life table and reproduction parameters of Orius albidipennis Reuter on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch
  K. Eskandarli A.A. Talebi R. Vafaei Shoushtari A. Hosseininia
  The predatory bug Orius albidipennis is one of the most important biological control agents of some orchard, cultivated and ornamental crop pests in Iran. Therefore, determination of its biological characteristics is important. In this research, life table and populatio More

  The predatory bug Orius albidipennis is one of the most important biological control agents of some orchard, cultivated and ornamental crop pests in Iran. Therefore, determination of its biological characteristics is important. In this research, life table and population parameters of O. albidipennis were investigated in a growth chamber at temperature of    25±1ºC, 65± 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) hours on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae. The experiment was carried out using 100 one day old eggs of O. albidipennis and mortality of different developmental stages was estimated daily. The results indicated that age specific mortality of O. albidipennis on different developmental stages of two-spotted spider mite was started from 4th day and increased gradually with regular fluctuations. Life expectancy was increased after emerging of nymphs and then was decreased regularly. Life expectancy was estimated 12.97 and 18.86 days in nymph and adult emerging time, respectively. The gross fecundity rate, gross fertility rate and gross hatch were determined 76.45±0.42, 60.12±2.29 and 0.79, respectively. The mean numbers of eggs per female per day was estimated 4.25 eggs. Manuscript profile
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  27 - Life table parameteres of Hippodamia variegata (Col.: Coccinellidae) on Aphis fabae (Hom.: Aphididae) under laboratory condition
  Reza Jafari Karim Kamali Mahmod Shojai Hadi Ostovan
      In this study, life table parameters of the lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze on Aphis fabae Scopoli were studied under laboratory condition. Ten pairs of male and female adults of the lady beetle were released into a cage (6×11×23 cm More

      In this study, life table parameters of the lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze on Aphis fabae Scopoli were studied under laboratory condition. Ten pairs of male and female adults of the lady beetle were released into a cage (6×11×23 cm) separately. Experiments were carried out in a growth chamber at 25±1oc, 65±5 RH and 16:8(L:D) photoperiod. Parameters including age (x) and surviving from birth to exact ages (x) were used for calculation of life table parameters such as number of survival (lx), age specific mortality (qx) and life expectancy of the lady beetle (ex). The most basic life table (Fecundity subtable) parameters such as number of female produced (mx), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Net reproductive rate (Ro), mean generation time (T) and Doubling time (DT) were also calculated. Results revealed high potential of lady beetle to control Aphis fabae Lady beetles survived 31- 70 days. Age specific mortality (qx) began at 30th day and the highest rate of this parameter was observed at 69th days. Life expectancy was 51.02 at the initiation of development. Mean fecundity was 943.9 ± 53.53 eggs and sex ratio was 0.7. Intrinsic rate of natural increase, net rproductive rate, mean generation time and doubling time were estimated 0.287 female/female/day, 509 female/generation, 21.7  and 2.4 days, respectively. Manuscript profile
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  28 - Biology and life table of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hom., Aphididae) on broom corn,Sorghum cernuum
  Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi Mahmoud Shojai
  Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important pests of broom corn in early season. Biology and life table parameters of this aphid was investigated in laboratory at 25 ± 1˚C, 50-60% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The experiment was c More

  Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important pests of broom corn in early season. Biology and life table parameters of this aphid was investigated in laboratory at 25 ± 1˚C, 50-60% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The experiment was carried out by rearing 50 four hour-old aphid nymphs in leaf cages and their mortality and ecdysis was recorded daily. The results indicated short development time of different nymph instars, so that they completed its development in 6.98 days. Prelarviposition period was very short and mean generation time was 7.48 days. Mean longevity of the aphid was 35.24 days. Survival curve of S. graminum on broom corn was determined as type І. There was not observed any mortality in nymphal development period. Mortality rate was also very low in young adult stage. Maximum death rate (0.16) occurred in 33-old age and life expectancy of the aphid was estimated 34.74 days in 1st instar nymph stage and decreased gradually in a constant rate. The results of this study revealed relatively high longevity and slow mortality trend in aphid population. Manuscript profile