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Open Access Article
1 - Historicism in the Contemporary Iranian Architectural Compilation Books during 2000s
alireza joze piry Mehrdad MatinThe subject of this research is the processing of historicism in the contemporary Iranian architectural works. Historical signs in architecture are the most prominent features of historicism in the contemporary context. This research begins with the question “How MoreThe subject of this research is the processing of historicism in the contemporary Iranian architectural works. Historical signs in architecture are the most prominent features of historicism in the contemporary context. This research begins with the question “How historicism is presented in contemporary architectural works?". It is assumed that history in contemporary architecture has presented itself with objective and subjective elements and has been crystallized in different ways. Also, the contemporary Iranian architectural works with a rich history of ancient architecture, are not exception for the acceptance of history in the contemporary world. Moreover, assuming that historicist practices allow the historical classification of the contemporary Iranian architectural compilations, these compilations must inevitably be placed in the identification model of the type of historicism.After processing the concept of historicism and periodization, the research provides a model for studying the works. Based on the views of Hegel and other architectural theorists such as Alan Colquhoun, this model classifies historicism into three types (Classical historicism, Symbolic historicism, and Philosophical). Colquhoun believes: historicism can be used for three things: The first one is an approach; the second is an artistic practice and the third is a theory of history. Attention to history leads to the emergence of historicism as a perceptible and analyzing process. A concept that, in a particularly, influential way in Hegel's philosophy, was found to be its clear and influential scheme and continued with various narratives in the next philosophical schools. Moreover, examining the periodization method of each work in the 2000s, this research conducts a thematic categorization and proceeds through the Hegelian historicism process, which is a method of doing historical research. “Periodization” is the separation of works and events in the form of occasional categories and styles. “Periodization” is a historical view and an attempt to express the “Zeitgeist”, Also is one of the main tools of historical studies. But using this tool has its own difficulties. Historical periodization, for historians, is a frequent controversy that implies the necessity of an agreement and often appears as a historic event. Analysis of the common periods and types of historicism is another aspect of this research for answering the research questions.This research is of qualitative type with an interpretive strategy that reflects the historical context of the architecture of Iran through a historical-critical approach. The selected case studies include contemporary Iranian architectural compilation works of the 2000s, which include a total of eight books attempting to determine the periodicity of the contemporary Iranian architectural works in various ways.The results of this paper show that historicism evaluated in the architectural works in the 2000s can be classified into six categories. In the study of various types of historicism, it was also found that there have been no compilations of classical historicism. In five works, symbolic historicism, and only in one book, philosophical historicism has been the criterion for determining the periodicity of the contemporary architectural works. There have been no signs of historicism in three works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Borderline-Hybrid Space in Signifying Process: Evaluation of Interpretation Potentiality of the Space Employing Semiotic Approach
Shervin Mirshahzadeh Seyed Gholamreza Eslami Alireza Einifar Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experienc More Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experience. In other words the way beauty has been manifested in Iranian architecture reveals some aesthetic qualities that will result in obsever’s spiritual pleasure. Thus recognizing the continual, polished and enriched characteristics of the space that bring about such an impression, is an issue that the present study is to investigate through the analysis of architectural evidences and through opening a new window .It is to achieve the aspects that are pleasant and enjoyable and can be reproducible. Perception of beauty, as an issue resulted from the interaction of architectural space and observer, emphasizes the characteristics that make the space capable of impressing the observer and rousing aesthetics experience within him. The outcomes of the present research reveal that this concept has been manifested in Iranian architecture through creating borderline- hybrid spaces. These are the space that the present study is to reach their efficient and effective characteristics in terms of sensory, formal and symbolic values, applying semiotic approach. Parallel to that, architectural instances of Iran are analyzed from two aspects to recognize the functional characteristics of the space; first from the opposite view (facet) and then from the roof view (plan). Thus the turning point of the spatial structure of the architectural instances are examined in terms of form and space; the spaces that are considered as the signifying base according to semiotics. Then the mentioned spaces are analyzed from three aspects. First according to the used elements (whether natural and abstract) such as water, light, vegetation, breeze, sky, second according to form and space qualities, and then according to their functions in spatial interrelation of the whole complex. Therefore the factors which can involve the observer of the space in various levels of meaning in signifying process are investigated in this level of reading. Then to evaluate the maximum interpretation potentiality of the space in spatial instances of Iranian architecture, Chehel Sotoon palace and Eyvan-e-Hasht Behesht from the complex of historical places during the reign of Saffavi in Isfahan are scanned. These are the spaces that are capable of involving the observer’s culture and world view in this level of interpretation. They can also provide the observer with more sublime level of meaning in semiotic reading of the space. Thus the semiotic reading of the spatial instances of Iranian architecture depicts that employing natural, pseudo natural and abstract elements in space turning point not only creates a pleasant emotional experience for the observer but also, by using the tactic of metaphor and allegory, can elevate him from natural and material world through the signifying process and as a result of generating the possibility of watching an unreal subject offer a cause of wonder and thus provide the context for the emergence of a positive aesthetic experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Finding Records of Wind Catcher in order to Demonstrate of its Iranian Identity
Mahnaz Mahmoudi S. Majid Mofidi Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable venti More Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable ventilation by means of renewable energy of wind. Unfortunately, the contemporary architecture of Iran is entirely diverted this important architectural element in the arid areas. A wind catcher is one of master piece of Iranian architectural design the date and record in which it was aced in Iran have remained unknown because of its location on the highest part of building which is being destructed as the first part helped by two archeological and literary areas this study has endeavored to take a stride to introduce the cultural- historical identity of Iran by demonstrating the record of wind catcher in pre Islamic area of Iran and also illustrate on the argument documents the record of its use in Iran prior to the Arabs of Persian Gulf. The research focuses on the analytical and descriptive survey and the results have been obtained by deducting documents and historical texts. It has attempted to demonstrations its long record of use in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Role of In-Between Spaces to Identifying Historical Fabrics of Iranian Cities
Lida Balilan Asl Iraj Etesam, Seyed Gholamreza IslamiLida Balilan Asl (Email:lidabalilan@iaut.ac.ir) , Ph.D, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Iraj Etesam,Ph.D, Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Ph.D, As MoreLida Balilan Asl (Email:lidabalilan@iaut.ac.ir) , Ph.D, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Iraj Etesam,Ph.D, Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. The research and topical purpose of this thesis is first to determine the characteristics of in-between space, then to recognize these spaces in the context of the architecture and finally to identify their role in the spatial organization of urban and architectural elements. One of the major problems in the fabric of most cities in the world, is the crisis in the identity of urban and architecture. The physical display of the identify crisis in the cities is the spatial separation of the architectural and urban elements, in the particular and whole scales. As to the claim of this thesis, an ignorance of the connective and in-between spaces is an important and impressive factor in the physical identity crisis of the historical fabrics. To obtain the mentioned objectives and to prove the hypothesis of the thesis, a phenomenological approach and historical analysis method are used to analyze the content of the texts. The theoretical basis of the thesis is founded on the researches on the various aspects of the space and on the concepts which are influential on setting limiting borders and defining the architectural spaces and consequently the in-between spaces which are analyzed according to the structural content analysis as well as analysis-comparison. Due to its nature, the in-between space has some various spatial and meaningful characteristics. This quality has caused the in-between characteristics to be expressed in terms of three forms of formal-physical, meaning-functional and connective-geometrical. Therefore, the relation and interaction of the functions require a third space between the interior and exterior spaces (in & out). Moreover the conceptual focus, the functional interaction and the formal distinguish, imply a fencing of the interior space through a threshold which allows a relation and connection with the outer space. This threshold not only determines and controls the domain and ownership, but it also plays the role of reception, interpretation, improvise and change of the information. The threshold as a distinguishing, connecting and relating factor through the transition field, intervenes in the space organization. This impact can well be observed through determining of the formation features and elements, the pattern of relationship and the discipline dominant over the relations in terms of some organizational principles such as spatial hierarchy. The obtained results suggest that the in-between space due to its constructive objectives takes on an equivocal nature. It becomes both the process and the product. Thus, it contributes to the formation process in order that a unified whole should emerge; it also helps simultaneously the concepts be classified and take orientation. Therefore, in a rotational movement the in-between space influences the spatial organization through its impact on the basics and principles. On the other hand, through its spatial features such as space relations, the spatial organization is influential in the development and evolution of the in-between spaces. The result emphasizes on the comprehensibility of the in-between spaces in the various urban and architectural scales, and consequently it puts emphasis on the significance of the in-between spaces as the major factors in the spatial organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative study of the effective factors to development of large and middle cities (10 cities of Iran-contemporary period)
zohreh davoudpour Daryoush Ardalan Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life a More Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and transfer those foundations and Iranian identity criteria to the methods of past. The interruption is due to neglecting the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society in creating contemporary methods. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical framework of the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society. Such a basis provides the possibility to optimize the revitalization and development of the progressive of civilization. The “concept of transition” that origins from the monotheism beliefs of the Iranian society creates this framework with the criteria of “possibility of transitions” and “reminding transition” and involves many of the principles and criteria of Iranian identity. This article has endeavored to study theoretical documents of the society and cases and MASADIQ especially in Iranian architecture. The results of this research can act as a theoretical framework in harmony with Iranian identity in architectural projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Definition of the Concept of Transition in Principles of Iranian Civilization Identity
Mohammad Naghizadeh Maryam Dorodian Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and More Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and transfer those foundations and Iranian identity criteria to the methods of past. The interruption is due to neglecting the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society in creating contemporary methods. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical framework of the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society. Such a basis provides the possibility to optimize the revitalization and development of the progressive of civilization. The “concept of transition” that origins from the monotheism beliefs of the Iranian society creates this framework with the criteria of “possibility of transitions” and “reminding transition” and involves many of the principles and criteria of Iranian identity. This article has endeavored to study theoretical documents of the society and cases and MASADIQ especially in Iranian architecture. The results of this research can act as a theoretical framework in harmony with Iranian identity in architectural projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Classification of Iranian Contemporary Architecture, Based on Trends and Challenges
Mahsa Haj Maleki Saeed Haghir -
Open Access Article
8 - A Comparative Study on Residential Architecture in the Qajar era (Case Study: Mansions in Tehran)
Mercedeh Tahmasbifard -
Open Access Article
9 - Determining the Influential Components on the Continuity of 'Iranian Architectural Identity' during the first Pahlavi Era (Case Study: The Selected Buildings in Tehran)
Majid Riyahizadeh Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Mohammadreza Pourzargar -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of the Quality of Light Obtained from the Stained Glass Windows of Traditional Iranian Architecture based on the Color Temperature Curve (CIE)
Faeze Barzegari Naeini Hossein Soltanzadeh Shervin Mirshahzadeh Seyed Zaeem Moosavi Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
11 - Light Processing in Iranian Houses; Manifestation of Meanings and Concepts
Farah Habib Fariba Alborzi Iraj Etessam -
Open Access Article
12 - The Theory of “Living Time ” in Periodization of Iranian Architectural History
Mehrdad Qayyoomi Bidhendi -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Iranian Architecture and Social Interactions in Cultural Spaces
sepideh Kamaei ِDr.Ahmad Reza KaboliThe success rate of cultural spaces has always depended on human presence and utilizing the spaces. The cultural spaces have sought to increase social interactions and human solidarity in addition to the revival of culture and art. One of the primary views of Iranian ar MoreThe success rate of cultural spaces has always depended on human presence and utilizing the spaces. The cultural spaces have sought to increase social interactions and human solidarity in addition to the revival of culture and art. One of the primary views of Iranian architecture is to pay attention to the social dimension of man and his need to be present in society. The present sought to investigate and evaluate the impact of Iranian architectural indicators and their unique features on the social interactions of humans in cultural spaces based on library and field studies and content analysis about the theoretical foundations. It has been hypothesized that cultural spaces are a platform consisting of social and human activities and relationships. The analyses revealed that the identity of iranian architecture and its constituent elements are in line with the identity needs of man and his social identity, and always paying attention to these indicators and the elements invites him to communicate and participate in social interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Design Construction and Evaluation of a Ring-like Karbandi Structure
Ahad Shahhoseini sajjad pakzad Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar Malek Shahi -
Open Access Article
15 - Explaining the Role of the Visual Arts Community in Shaping Contemporary Residential Architecture in the (1) Region; Tehran City (From 2008 to 2018)
Mahdieh Shahparvari Behrouz Mansouri Iraj EtesamExcessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the MoreExcessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the main aim of the present research is to elucidate the role of the display-oriented society in shaping the architecture of residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran (from 2008 to 2018). The research methodology is qualitative-quantitative, and the research strategy is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is conducted through library and field studies. The display of architecture manifested through elements, design types, building facades, decorations, and overall structures, is apparent in the residential buildings of Region 1 in Tehran. This is evident through decorative additions on facades, large and unidirectional windows, lighting types, and color combinations, accompanied by curved forms, and most importantly, high-rise constructions. These factors, together, have transformed the residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran into one of the most affluent areas, significantly elevating property values in this area. The results of the research indicate that contemporary residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran, particularly during the years from 2011 to the present, have adopted a prominent ornamental aspect. Without alignment with Iranian identity and culture, these buildings have transformed these areas, heavily relying on elements such as decorations and modern forms. They are highly consumer-oriented, aligning mainly with the tastes of the client and the architect. Therefore, residential buildings in this area are intensely consumer-oriented and have, to some extent, taken shape solely due to consumerism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Exploring the Identity Components of Iranian Architecture in the Tombs of Iran during the Metaverse Era (Case Study: Hafez Tomb)
Mojgan Rezapanah Vahid Ghobadian Fereshteh HabibNowadays, in contemporary tombs, the consideration of identity-building components in Islamic Iranian architecture has been forgotten. In such a way, the tombs of contemporary Iran have turned into meaningless places. Therefore, the research aims to explain the identity MoreNowadays, in contemporary tombs, the consideration of identity-building components in Islamic Iranian architecture has been forgotten. In such a way, the tombs of contemporary Iran have turned into meaningless places. Therefore, the research aims to explain the identity components of Iranian architecture in the tombs of Hafez in the Metaverse era. The research question is how to quantify and understand the identity components of Iranian architecture in the tombs of Iran in the Metaverse era. In this regard, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used, and the method of collecting information is through library studies. The results showed that in the age of the metaverse, which is based on virtual realities and the virtual world, components such as real presence, interaction, stability, transcendence, and low cost can revive the identity-building components of Iranian architecture in today's tombs. Considering that the metaverse era manifests modernity in the virtual world, the combination of traditional and modern physical elements in form, materials, and geometry can be appropriate when simulating. Additionally, the use of environmental and climatic patterns, such as the garden and pavilion pattern, the five elements of nature, and attention to the region's climate, can lead to economic savings while maintaining sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Cognition of Iranian Traditional Architecture’s Elements in Award-Winning Projects (Case Study: Memar-Award, 2008 to 2017)
Sama Modirrousta Vida Norouz Borazjani Mahmud Rezaei -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigation in permanence of the concept of Chalipa(cross) in Iranian Architectural patterns
Pooya Parvin Mona Jadidi -
Open Access Article
19 - Analysis of policy effects on Urbanism and architecture studied during the period 1925 to 1941
Ali Zabihi Reza MirzaeiIn the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the fa MoreIn the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the factors affecting architecture and urban development in the First Pahlavi period and to analyze some of the factors that have provided the ground for these evolutions, and also to examine the impacts of these changes and evolutions on contemporary Iranian architecture and urban development policymaking. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative one, which used library sources and studies in order to collect the data. Moreover, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were utilized to analyze the data. The study results indicated that factors such as archeology, training architectures, artistic congresses, archeology and the Association of National Monuments, militarism, and modernism have had a significant impact on the architecture and urban development of this period; and the extent of the impact of changes on architecture and urban development has been equal. The most influential factors in architectural evolutions have been modernism and archeology of that era; and factors such as training architectures, scientific congresses, and militarism have affected urban development evolutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Historical and Cultural Backgrounds of André Godard's Research Activities in Iran
Hossein Soltanzadeh -
Open Access Article
21 - Architectural concepts and ideas in the designs and buildings of Andre Godard in Iran
Hossein Soltanzadeh -
Open Access Article
22 - Reading the thought of neo-traditionalism in contemporary Iranian architecture based on Heidegger's philosophical hermeneutics (by examining the thoughts of Hossein Sheikh Zain al-Din)
faezeh amiripouya Khosrow Afzalian IRAJ ETESAM Mohsen TabbasiAbstractHeidegger, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics, whose most important concern is the neglect of existence. Philosophical hermeneutics, in the strict sense of the word, clearly refers to understanding, and pure understanding. In the process of perception and MoreAbstractHeidegger, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics, whose most important concern is the neglect of existence. Philosophical hermeneutics, in the strict sense of the word, clearly refers to understanding, and pure understanding. In the process of perception and understanding of any category, there are basically two directions. Considering that understanding is achieved in different ways, perhaps it is better to attribute this transfer to the message. Therefore, hermeneutics is proposed in art and architecture. The thought of the architect and the audience can be two desired aspects in architecture. Therefore, the thought of contemporary Iranian architects is one of the topics that can be read on this basis.Sheikh Zain al-Din is one of those architects who looks for dynamism and change in the essence of architecture, so the purpose of this research is to read his thought based on philosophical hermeneutics. which can be used to define a new language for today's architecture.The research method of this research is logical reasoning. Since logical reasoning is based on words; The present research is qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. Therefore, it is a descriptive form that tends to the process of meaning and understanding resulting from words; To clarify the relationships between elements and concepts, the technique of discourse analysis through lectures and interviews in specialized architectural press; is used and finally coding and discourse analysis is done.In the reading of Sheikh Zainuddin's thought based on Heidegger's philosophical hermeneutics, the most important point is historicity. Historicity in key words such as paying attention to the past, present and future, the past in stable tradition, the present in today's architecture, the past, present and future are three important key words in the architect's discourse. Therefore, today's architectural language can be determined. The characteristics of this architectural language are the lack of conflict between tradition and progress, which can establish a peaceful relationship between world architecture and traditional architecture. In the thought of the neo-traditionalist architect, the transformation of man from the past to the future takes place by using the achievements of the past and with a new expression in the new world. Therefore, man is present with fluidity and flow. Key words: philosophical hermeneutics, neo-traditionalism, contemporary Iranian architecture, Sheikh Zainuddinreferences Ahmadi, Babak, Mohajer, Mehran and Mohammad Nabavi. (2014). Modern hermeneutics, 11th edition, Tehran. Bani Massoud, Amir. (2014). Contemporary architecture of Iran (in the pursuit of tradition and modernity), architectural art of the century, Tehran. Palmer, Richard. A. (2011). Science of hermeneutics, translated by Mohammad Saeed Hanai Kashani, Tehran, Hermes. Partoui, Parvin. (1378). Phenomenology of Place, Tehran, Art Culture Pahlavan, Maryam, Hosseini Shahroudi, Morteza. (1386). A Reflection on Heidegger and Gadamer's Hermeneutics, Andishe Dini Quarterly, Number 22, 41-62 Sheikh Zain al-Din, Hossein. (2013). Thoughts of contemporary architects of Iran, interviewer: Seyed Alireza Qahari, Esmail Azadi (philosophy, art and architecture), first volume, Saba Farhang Publishing. Habibi, Seyyed Mohsen, (1400), description of the currents of architecture and urban planning in contemporary Iran, Cultural Research Publications, Tehran. Hasanpour, Mohammad, Kayhanpour, Mohsen and Alireza Nowrozi Talab. (2015). The nature of the hermeneutic round of understanding, in the aesthetics of photo interpretation, Bagh Nazar, No. 44, 5-12 Haghir, Saeed. (1381). Effar, work, audience of the hermeneutic world in the reading of architectural text, Zeba Noght, 7th issue, 117-126 Refahi, Hoda, Javaid Sabaghian, Moqdad (2016). Contextual analysis of neo-traditionalism in contemporary Iranian art (1340s) from the perspective of Michel Foucault's discourse theory, Scientific Research Quarterly of Kimiai Honar, No. 6, 23-37 Rajabi, Ruholah, Suleiman Heshmat, Reza. (2014). Language in Heidegger's Thought, Wisdom and Philosophy, No. 4, 23-40. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein A (1378). From appearance to imagination, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, number fifty-five, 74-70. Sheikh Zain al-Din, Hossein B (1378). The identity of the occupier, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, No. 50, 36-39. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1372). The Guest Years, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, No. 42, No. 42. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1382). Language, Space, Architecture, Art and Architecture Journal, No. 17, 21. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1381). Language and technique, Memar Magazine, No. 17, 28-45. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1377). Hafezieh guesthouse, Memar magazine, number one, 14-20. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Explanation of the Evolution and Influence of Modernism on the Architecture of Residential Apartment Complexes in Iran and Uzbekistan
Nazanin Islami Fariba AlborziAfter World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern MoreAfter World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern urban development have begun. In the 1950s, with the horizontal growth of the city, the central areas have been gradually characterized by apartment complexes and the international style has been known as one of the characteristic styles in Iran in the field of residential architecture. Iranian architects have been rapidly applying new construction methods in their work and have made significant progress in using modern technology in the construction of apartments. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan has led to major developments in the field of residential architecture in the country. Under Soviet influence, Tashkent has been always considered an important center for mass construction, especially housing. The 1966 earthquake in Tashkent caused extensive damage, especially to old buildings. Thus, in the process of rebuilding the city, modern high-rise buildings have replaced the old clay buildings. Therefore, considering the presence of Iran and Uzbekistan in the same historical period and the same geographical area and also the history of Iran and the rich cultural and historical roots shared by the two countries, this study aims to explain the effects of modernist processes in these societies on how residential complexes are architecturally structured in the contemporary period and the Second Pahlavi period in Iran and at the same time in Uzbekistan to answer the following questions: Have modernist movements in Iran and Uzbekistan influenced the development of residential complexes in the two countries? What are the nature and structure of the residential architecture evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan, and what are their similarities and differences? In terms of necessity and innovation in research, although many studies have been done on the historical and traditional architecture of Uzbekistan and its comparison with Iran, so far few studies have been done on the contemporary architecture of Uzbekistan and there is no study specifically examining the evolution of residential architecture (Residential apartment complexes) in Uzbekistan as well as the similarities and differences between residential apartment complexes in Iranian and Uzbek Contemporary architecture. The present research is a comparative study conducted with a qualitative approach using documentary and field studies. Historical–theoretical foundations are gathered by the interpretive historical research method, and the architecture of residential complexes are analyzed with a descriptive–analytical approach. The statistical population consists of all residential complexes constructed in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Second Pahlavi Era and at the same time in Uzbekistan and the sample comprises a number of residential complexes belonging to the same period (construction year) that share stylistic physical and functional similarities. Modernist approaches (in the physical dimension) are manifested by the emergence and formation of rectangular and square forms using new materials such as glass, concrete and steel, and applied geometrical elements dominant in the site plans (in the functional dimension). Flat roofs and facades with a rectangular system (objective dimension) and no decorative elementswere widely used in the apartments. The results indicate the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic residential complexes components in both countries, with the greater manifestation of objective components. The residential complexes built during this period in both countries have similarities in terms of objective (the non-use of decorations and the use of ribbon windows in facade design), physical (plan design with straigth lines and 90-degree angles), and Functional (such as the integration of buildings with their physical context, regardless of context, culture and geography, and attention to functionalist engineering considerations instead of aesthetic components) dimensions. Uzbekistan, however, displayed an attempt to restore its historical roots from 1971 to 1983, which are reflected in the nationalistic style of architecture materialized in the Islamic decorations of the building façades dating back to this period. But in the late Soviet era, apartments built in Uzbekistan have tried to reflect Uzbek national culture by using Islamic-era decorations. Also during this period, two-story houses with private open courtyards and windowless exteriors have been built, in addition to residential apartment complexes, marking a return to the traditional and local lifestyle of the Uzbek family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Study of the Relationship Between Women Sanctum Concept and Creation of Entrance Space in Iranian Architecture
سحر طوفانThe aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investig MoreThe aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investigating patterns of architectural cases. The statistical population included all information, documents, plans and pictures of traditional houses at various climates in Iran, and the samples were selected randomly. All case studies are identified traditional houses, all confirmed and registered by valid organs, such as document center of cultural heritage and archives of architecture faculty. Architectural data were analyzed by modeling with Auto-Cad system, controlled with space standards, and then by drawing graphs and diagrams. Important results of this research are hierarchy of confidentiality about creation of entrance space, the strong relationship between women's worth with artistic and functional entrancing at traditional houses, as well as the relation of women's social significance and entrance place architecture. The main conclusion is the "transformation of Islamic art and architecture in the exalted concepts of Islam and respect for women." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Genealogical Look at the Concept of Nature and the Manifestation of its Presence in the Architecture of Iranian Houses
Qader Bayzidi kianoush farajiIntroduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in MoreIntroduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in all their dimensions. These spaces are the most noble, beautiful and tangible property of architecture as well as serve comfort the users, represent identity and fulfill owners dream, hopes in the best possible ways. The nature and concepts derived from it are important components and as a meaningful factor. The main purpose is to identify influential factors in Foucault’s genealogy and their role in the creation of divers’ concepts of nature and how they are present in the architecture of Iranian houses. Methodology The research method is Foucault’s genealogy and semiotic method were used for data analysis. Geographical area of research In this research, significant houses and settlements in the architecture of different periods of Iranian history - from antiquity to the second Pahlavi period - have been studied. Results and discussion The result of the study shows that the meanings of nature are not limited to the primary, secondary and abstract appearance of nature in the form and structure of houses; Rather, these concepts have created an identity and a mentality linked to power in the framework of specific discourses and in accordance with the conditions of society in each historical period. Conclusion The physical, functional and content presence of nature, in addition to recalling the past through explicit and implicit meanings, under the influence of developments in each historical period has led to the production of new knowledge and meanings in the field of industry, art and architecture. Manuscript profile
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